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A Database for the Future. Major Contributions from 47 Years of Database Development and Research at the Demographic Data Base

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A Database for the Future. Major Contributions from 47 Years of Database Development and Research at the Demographic Data Base A Database for the Future. Major Contributions from 47 Years of Database Development and Research at the Demographic Data Base ByJan SörenKok, Erik Edvinsson Beekink & David and ElisabethBijs Engberg To cite this article: Edvinsson, S. & Engberg, E. (2020). A Database for the Future. Major Contributions from 47 Years of Database Development and Research at the Demographic Data Base. Historical Life Course Studies, Online first. https:// hdl.handle.net/10622/23526343-2020-0009 LIFE COURSE HISTORICAL LIFE COURSE STUDIES Major Databases with Historical Longitudinal Population Data: Urban-ruralDevelopment, Impactdichotomies and Results in historical demography VOLUME 10, SPECIAL ISSUE 1, SPECIAL ISSUE 2020 2017 GUEST EDITORS Sören Edvinsson Kees Mandemakers Ken Smith MISSION STATEMENT HISTORICAL LIFE COURSE STUDIES Historical Life Course Studies is the electronic journal of the European Historical Population Samples Network (EHPS- Net). The journal is the primary publishing outlet for research involved in the conversion of existing European and non- European large historical demographic databases into a common format, the Intermediate Data Structure, and for studies based on these databases. The journal publishes both methodological and substantive research articles. Methodological Articles This section includes methodological articles that describe all forms of data handling involving large historical databases, including extensive descriptions of new or existing databases, syntax, algorithms and extraction programs. Authors are encouraged to share their syntaxes, applications and other forms of software presented in their article, if pertinent, on the EHPS-Net website. Research articles This section includes substantive articles reporting the results of comparative longitudinal studies that are demographic and historical in nature, and that are based on micro-data from large historical databases. Historical Life Course Studies is a no-fee double-blind, peer-reviewed open-access journal supported by the European Science Foundation (ESF, http://www.esf.org), the Scientific Research Network of Historical Demography (FWO Flanders, http://www.historicaldemography.be) and the International Institute of Social History Amsterdam (IISH, http://socialhistory.org/). Manuscripts are reviewed by the editors, members of the editorial and scientific boards, and by external reviewers. All journal content is freely available on the internet at http://www.ehps-net.eu/journal. Co-Editors-In-Chief: Paul Puschmann (Radboud University) & Luciana Quaranta (Lund University) [email protected] The European Science Foundation (ESF) provides a platform for its Member Organisations to advance science and explore new directions for research at the European level. Established in 1974 as an independent non-governmental organisation, the ESF currently serves 78 Member Organisations across 30 countries. EHPS-Net is an ESF Research Networking Programme. The European Historical Population Samples Network (EHPS-net) brings together scholars to create a common format for databases containing non-aggregated information on persons, families and households. The aim is to form an integrated and joint interface between many European and non-European databases to stimulate comparative research on the micro-level. Visit: http://www.ehps-net.eu. HISTORICAL LIFE COURSE STUDIES ONLINE FIRST (2020), published 03-12-2020 A Database for the Future Major Contributions from 47 Years of Database Development and Research at the Demographic Data Base Sören Edvinsson CEDAR, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Sweden Elisabeth Engberg CEDAR, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Sweden ABSTRACT The Demographic Data Base (DDB) at the Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR) at Umeå University has since the 1970s been building longitudinal population databases and disseminating data for research. The databases were built to serve as national research infrastructures, useful for addressing an indefinite number of research questions within a broad range of scientific fields, and open to all academic researchers who wanted to use the data. A countless number of customised datasets have been prepared and distributed to researchers in Sweden and abroad and to date, the research has resulted in more than a thousand published scientific reports, books, and articles within a broad range of academic fields. While there has long been a clear predominance of research within the humanities and social sciences, it has always been used for research in other fields as well, for example medicine. In this article, we first give a brief presentation of the DDB and its history, characteristics, and development from the 1970s to the present. It includes an overview of the research based on the DDB databases, with a focus on the databases POPUM and POPLINK with individual-level data. A number of major traits of the research from 1973 to now have been outlined, showing the breadth of the research and highlighting some major contributions, with a focus on work that would have been very difficult to perform without data from the DDB. Keywords: Historical databases, Life courses, Population studies, Demography, Sociology, History, Life sciences e-ISSN: 2352-6343 PID article: https://hdl.handle.net/10622/23526343-2020-0009 The article can be downloaded from here. © 2020, Edvinsson, Engberg This open-access work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, reproduction & distribution in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) and source are given credit. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/. Sören Edvinsson & Elisabeth Engberg 1 INTRODUCTION The Demographic Data Base (DDB) at the Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR) at Umeå University has been committed since the 1970s to building longitudinal population databases and disseminating data for research. In contrast to many other similar ventures, already from the start the databases at the DDB were built to serve as research infrastructures, useful for addressing an indefinite number of research questions within a broad range of scientific fields, and open to all academic researchers who wanted to use the data. The DDB's role as a national research infrastructure was defined a few years later in the government ordinance of 1978 (UHÄ-FS, 1978, 75; 1990, 8), and over the years this privileged position has been both a strength of and a special challenge to the DDB. Since its start in 1973, a countless number of customised datasets have been produced and distributed through specified contracts to researchers in Sweden and abroad. To date, the research has resulted in more than a thousand published scientific reports, books, and articles within a broad range of academic fields, and has been used for almost 70 dissertations (DDB, 2016). Data has been retrieved from the DDB databases by academic researchers in Sweden, Europe, North America, Asia and Australia and has been used for research in a large variety of academic fields. Sociology, statistics, demography, geography, history, economics, medicine and cultural studies, are just some examples. Today, the DDB owns and administers three main research databases: POPUM, with individual-level data from Swedish parishes covering the period 1680–1900; POPLINK, with similar data but over a longer time span, until around 1950; and TABVERK, with aggregate statistics from all Swedish parishes for the period 1749–1859. In this article, we first give a brief presentation of the DDB and its history, characteristics, and development from the 1970s to the present. The second part includes an overview of the research based on the DDB databases, with a focus on the databases POPUM and POPLINK with individual-level data. Considering that we are talking about more than a thousand published studies, it would be too great an endeavour to give a full and fair presentation of all the research. Instead, we have outlined a number of major traits of the research from 1973 to now, thereby showing the breadth of the research and highlighting some major contributions, with a focus on work that would have been very difficult to perform without data from the DDB. 2 FROM PARISH RECORDS TO LIFE-COURSE DATA 2.1 A VISIONARY ENTERPRISE While the DDB was first established in 1973, its inception can be traced back to the pioneering and innovative work of Professor Egil Johansson (1933–2012) in the mid-1960s, studying the history of literacy in Sweden with quantitative methods and information from the longitudinal Swedish parish registers (Johansson, 1969/70). Realising the potential of these sources, he also managed to convince others of the value of digitising them. Although this was an extensive, costly, and visionary enterprise, undertaken at a time long before personal computers and modern software had been invented, the proposal aroused great interest within the scientific community (Brändström, 2009). This can be attributed to the increasing focus on quantitative social and economic history research in Europe at the time. With Louis Henry, France had witnessed the birth of historical demography, and since the 1950s parish registers had been used in pioneering studies of population and fertility (Rosenthal, 2003). In the mid-1960s, around the same time as Egil Johansson embarked on his project, Peter Laslett published his seminal work The World we Have Lost (Laslett, 1965), which with similar
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