THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE

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OCTOBER 2016 No. 946 : CELEBRATING THE WORLD’S OLDEST TRAMWAY

Inductive charging innovation for public transport Canada’s major funding commitment Dallas Streetcar reaches Bishop Arts Night Tube’s great opening success ISSN 1460-8324 £4.25 Kansas City Isle of Man 10 New Streetcar heralds 140 years of a great city revitalisation horse tramway 9 771460 832043 LRT MONITOR TheLRT MONITOR series from Mainspring is an essential reference work for anyone who operates in the world’s light and urban rail sectors. Featuring regular updates in both digital and print form, the LRT Monitor includes an overview of every established line and network as well as details of planned schemes and those under construction.

POZNAŃ

Tramways play an important role in one of of the main railway station. Poland’s biggest and most historic cities, with In 2012 a line opened to the east of the city, the first horse-drawn tramline opening in 1880. with an underground section containing two An overview Electrification followed in 1898. sub-surface stations and a new depot. The The network was badly damaged during World reconstruction of Kaponiera roundabout, an A high-quality War Two, resuming operations in 1947 and then important tram junction, is set for completion in of the system’s only east of the river Warta. Service returned to 2016. When finished, it will be a three-level image for ease the western side of the city in 1952 with the junction, with a PST interchange on the lower development, opening of the Marchlewski bridge (now named level. Future plans include construction of the of future after the 14th century Polish Queen Jadwigi). much-needed line to Naramowice. Outlying districts were gradually connected Poznań has introduced many new trams in recent major over the following three decades, a key recent years – from 2003 Siemens Combino reference development coming with the opening of the (14 cars), from 2011 Solaris Tramino (45) and projects and express PST (Poznański Szybki Tramwaj) line in partially low-floor Moderus Beta produced by 2007, cutting journey times from the densely- MPK Poznań subsidiary Modertrans (24). The populated northern districts of Winogrady and partially low-floor Tatra RT6, in service since known plans Piątkowo to the city centre by 30 minutes. 1997, were extensively modernised but are now The missing PST section to the city’s railway being phased out. In late 2015 MPK Poznań for the future station opened in 2011. This 2km extension is selected Modertrans to deliver 20 partially carried in a cutting, parallel to the railway line low-floor trams with an option for further ten and below the level of the Roosvelta Street. that was exercised in June 2016. Unlike the other Trams terminate at the former platform seven 44 cars, these latter ten will be double-ended.

SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS Opened: Horse 1880, Electric 1898 Fleet: 180 x Konstal 105N with modifications, Wojciech Tulibacki - CEO Contact names Lines: 18 (+ 1 night service and 1 tourist service) 4 x Konstal 4N with modifications, 11 x Tatra +48 61 839 6011 System length: 82km RT6 MF06AC, 47 x Düwag GT8, 2 x Düwag Jerzy Zalwowski - Finance Director Stops: 130 GT8NF, 24 x Modertrans Moderus Beta Marek Grzybowski - Engineering Director and numbers The vital Depots: 4 MF02AC, 45 x Solaris Tramino S105p, one Jan Firlik - Operations Director Gauge: 1435mm Solaris Tramino S100, 14 x Siemens Combino Media contact: for the key operational Power supply: 600V dc (total 342, including 14 works cars) +48 61 839 6099 Annual ridership: 120M (2012 estimate) @ [email protected] decision-makers statistics Operator: Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo General contact: Komunikacyjne w Poznaniu (MPK Poznań) +48 61 839 6000 @ [email protected] Operator website: www.mpk.poznan.pl

SPAIN BELGIUM UNITED KINGDOM

MURCIA VINNYTSIA BRUSSELS METRO BLACKPOOL

The Murcia tramway was promoted and is stops in total, 24 for the regular service and four The metre-gauge tramway at Vinnytsia, dating trams featured bogie motor cars and trailers of Most of the initial section of the first two metro approximately 39% metro, 36% tram, 25% bus. Blackpool’s tramway celebrated its 130th additional services provided by a refurbished owned by the city government, and is operated for the shuttle. The 11-strong Alstom Citadis from 1913, has in recent years been transformed the Karpfen type dating from 1959-63; a few lines were inaugurated in 1969 as pre-metro STIB anticipates 415M passengers by 2017. anniversary in 2015 and is the oldest of the UK’s heritage fleet. Although the fleet roster is by the Sociedad Concesionaria Tranvía de 302 fleet is maintained at a depot near Nueva into arguably the finest in Ukraine, following a solo motor cars are still in operation. The Zürich tram subways, converted in 1976 to a six- A departure from 45 earlier vehicles (still in first-generation electric tramways – indeed, one extensive, and almost all maintenance is still Murcia. This joint venture of Comsa Emte Condomina. Showing steady passenger growth deal concluded in 2007 for the transfer of cars provide the majority of services on the station, 11 km initial metro line. STIB/MIVB service), the 94m M6 CAF ‘Boa’ trains from of the oldest street-running electric tramways carried out in-house, at any one time no more Concesiones and FCC holds a concession period the line carried its 20 millionth passenger in 2016. surplus rolling stock from Zürich (Switzerland) six-route tramway, with seven Tatra KT4 increased metro operations by extending from 2007 represent a new generation of fully in the world, and one of only three that still use than 40 cars are usually to be found in of 40 years and a total investment of EUR264M. Construction was noted for its speed (two accompanied by a ten-year maintenance articulated cars, repainted in a pseudo-Zürich initial city coverage. The Chronos network now through-gangway trains. Forthcoming M7 double-deck trams in regular passenger service. operational condition. One of the highlights for The initial 2.2km line and four stops opened as a years) and minimal traffic disruption. It was also contract. A requirement was that the Zürich cars livery, making up the balance. consists of four conventional metro lines (M1, stock will be for lines scheduled for automatic The seaside resort’s fortunes declined the heritage fleet is the world-famous demonstration project in 2007 with the whole recognised for environmental considerations should retain their blue/ivory livery, and although Very high frequencies are provided and high M2, M5, M6) and three premetro lines (T3, T4, operation. throughout the 20th Century, but careful ‘Illuminations’ festival each autumn when cars of opening officially in May 2011. such as the reuse of excavated material and they have been renumbered with Vinnytsia fleet passenger loadings are experienced throughout and T7). The premetro network consists of three Not an original feature, stations have been management enabled the tramway to continue covered with spectacular lighting effects offer The single 18km line forms a ‘V’ that connects careful replanting of 90% of the affected trees. numbers, the Zürich fleet numerals continue to the day. A recent extension has linked the outer subway and surface tram lines. The completion fitted with barriers to improve revenue and in 2005 a business case was put to the UK tours along the Promenade. the northern part of the city to the centre; it is Clever marketing initatives included the offer of be displayed internally. ends of lines 2 and 6, and an outer-end circular of a connection at Gare de l’Ouest/Weststation protection. As with tramway stops, metro Government which sought funding for a A funding package has been agreed thatwill operated as a regular service connecting Nueva a lifetime pass in exhange for private cars. Today, most routes are served by three- service introduced, whilst new route 3 was in 2009 enabled to form a circle line and as stations are bi-lingualy named in French and comprehensive rebuild of the system’s allow a 600m branch of the tramway to be built Condomina to the Universidad de Murcia and a Recently plans were announced for a 2km section articulated Mirage cars, built between introduced in December 2015, providing further a consequence the metro was significantly Dutch. Cross-mode ticketing covers STIB infrastructure, along with other seafront along Talbot Road to the town’s main railway shuttle spur from Terra Natura to the extension south from Plaza Circular to El Carmen, 1966 and 1969. The original deliveries of Zürich direct suburban connections. reorganised into the current 4 line operation. modes and other public sector operators for renovation projects. station, Blackpool North, and the purchase of Universidad Católica de San Antonio. There 28 using catenary-free operation along Gran Vía. The metro runs mainly sub-surface in services within the capital region. The system was reborn as a modern tramway two additional low-floor trams. This line is twin-track tunnels. To increase capacity as per A terrorist attack at Maalbeek station on 22 in 2012 with relaid tracks, fully refurbished expected to open by 2019. Furthermore, a SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS STIB’s Pulsar project, EUR5.2Bn was approved March 2016 killed 16 metro passengers and stops, a new depot at Starr Gate and a new fleet feasibility study is being undertaken examining SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS Opened: 1913 Fleet: 78 x Be 4/6 Mirage with modifications, Mykola V. Formanyuk - CEO in October 2015 for a ten-year programme for injured many more. This resulted in a temporary of Bombardier Flexity 2 low-floor trams. The a further extension of the main line south to Opened: 2011 Stops: 750V dc Severiano Arias Gonzalez – Director General Lines: 6 12 x Be 4/4 Karpfen, 14 x B4 Karpfen, 11 x B4 + 380 432 611 693 fully-automatic operation on new extensions full closure of the metro, to be re-opened in new vehicles operate the basic service, with Lytham St Annes. Lines: 1 Fleet: 11 x Alstom Citadis 302 Santiago Molina – Technical Director System length: 19.6km FFA/SWP, 36 x Tatra KT4, one , Mykola I. Zaveryukha - Deputy Director and retrofitting some existing lines. sections. Two further metro lines are planned System length: 18km Annual ridership: 5M (2014, estimate) General contact: Stops: 36 one Gotha T57 - total 162, including various General contact: STIB network passenger journeys increased and it is hoped that these will open between Stops: 28 Operator: Tranvia de Murcia + 34 (0) 982 230 068 Depots: 1 works cars + 380 432 091 067 by 110% for 2000-14, with a modal split of 2022 and 2025. SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS Depots: 1 @ [email protected] Gauge: 1000mm Annual ridership: 68.1M (2013) @ [email protected] Opened: 1885 Jane Cole – Managing Director General contact: Gauge: 1435mm Operator website: www.tranviademurcia.es Power supply: 550V dc Operator: Vinnytska Transportna Kompaniya, KP Operator website: www.depo.vn.ua Lines: 1 + 44 (0) 1253 473001 + 44 (0) 1253 473001 SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS System length: 18km @ [email protected] @ [email protected] Opened: 1969 (pre-metro), 1976 (metro) Annual ridership: 134.9M (2015) Brieuc de Meeûs – CEO Stops: 37 Bob Mason – Director of Delivery Operator website: PALMA YENAKIEVE Lines: 4 Operator: Societe des transportes Tom Michiels – Technical Director Depots: 2 + 44 (0) 1253 473116 www.blackpooltransport.com System length: 39.9km intercommunaux de Bruxelles (STIB/MIVB) Marc Haumont – Director of Operations Gauge: 1435mm @ [email protected] Stops: 69 @ [email protected] Power supply: 600V dc Paul Grocott – Tramway Programme Manager Palma’s metro is an excellent example of the terminus at the university. Less than five months The industrial town of Yenakieve opened its and only about ten are still serviceable. The Depots: 4 An van Hamme – Media contact Fleet: 16 x Bombardier Flexity 2, 9 x English + 44 (0) 1253 476329 blurring of definitions in the light rail industry; after opening the line suffered serious flooding tramway in 1932. The skyline is dominated by a system is the only one in Ukraine to have taken Gauge: 1435mm + 32 (0) 2525 2056 Electric Balloon, 37 x heritage/Illumination cars @ [email protected] Line M1 is a true light metro but line M2 operates and services did not restart until July 2008. large steelworks, though this is (unusually) not delivery of one of the latest Ust-Katav KTM-23 Power supply: 900V dc third rail @ [email protected] – total 67, including 5 works cars of various types Bryan Lindop – Head of Heritage Operations CAF EMUs on regional rail lines. In November 2012 it was announced that a served by the tramway that features four prongs, bogie cars with a low-floor centre section. It Fleet: 217 x M1-M5 (Bombardier, CAF: 4- and General contact: Annual ridership: 4.9M (2015) + 44 (0) 1253 473116 Constructed between 2005-07 at a cost of second line (M2) would operate between Plaça on a mainly north/south axis, which includes the was also the only tramway other than Luhansk 5-car trains), 126 x CAF M6 ‘Boa’ (6-car trains) + 32 (0) 2515 5400 Operator: Blackpool Transport Services @ [email protected] EUR312M, the metro opened in April 2007 with d’Espanya and Marratxi using 8.35km of existing original line. The town’s limited commercial centre to trial the LT-10 bogie cars built there but its - total 343 @ [email protected] one line, now designated M1. The service rail lines. With minimal work required, revenue is located a little to the south of the mid-point, experience was even worse than elsewhere and Operator website: www.stib-mivb.be operates between the city centre’s intermodal service began in March 2013. Sharing its first and features an involved single-track loop layout. none lasted in service more than three years. EDINBURGH station at Plaça d’Espanya and the Universitat three stations with line M1 and also running Trams serve mainly residential developments as Although Yenakieve has suffered heavy de les Illes Balears (UIB), a distance of 7.2km underground until Son Costa Son Fortesa, the well as the Red October coal mine. A feature is shelling in the 2014-15 insurgency and remains CHARLEROI with nine stations including the two termini. lines split as M1 turns north and M2 runs on the the preponderance of tramway streets, where in rebel-held territory, the tramway remains Edinburgh’s original tramways ran from 1871 until disputes with the scheme’s lead contractors From Plaça d’Espanya the line runs surface for the remainder of the route to Marratxi. tracks are laid on central or side reservation. operational unlike the subsidiary trolleybus 1956, originally with cable traction, but electrified and unexpected utility works delayed the underground to just beyond Camí dels Reis then Rolling stock is all CAF supplied, with six The fleet comprises mainly Soviet-built (ex-tramway) in neighbouring Vuhlehirsk, which Charleroi is the biggest city in Wallonia, a mainly Beaux-Arts is the focal point on the north of in the 1920s. Edinburgh’s second-generation project significantly. Funding problems and at surface level for a stretch of 2.5km, including Class 71 units operating on M1 and five Class 81 KTM-5 bogie cars; many are now 40 years old, was completely destroyed during the fighting. French-speaking region that once formed the the circuit. Part of the western arm (opened tramway opened on 31 May 2014, although the political disputes led to the scaling back of the the station at Son Sardina (interchange with FC EMUs on M2. The system’s depot is located on industrial heartland of Belgium. 1986) and the eastern arm (including the 2012 story of the project is not a happy one. original plans and the truncated scheme finally de Soller), before diving back underground for the line M2, just west of Verge de Lluc station. In the 1960s, Charleroi had an extensive tram Soleilmont extension) are fully grade- The original system proposed in 2003 detailed opened in May 2014, the final cost is estimated SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS network; interurban operations were run by the separated, the remainder is mainly a street or a three-line route, with a loop serving the city to be over EUR854M. A fleet of 27 CAF Urbos 3 Opened: 1932 Fleet: 33 x 71-605 (KTM-5M3) with Oleksandr S. Vaynsteyn - CEO SNCV (National Provincial Tramways) and urban roadside tramway. This includes the 7.2km centre and northern suburbs and radial routes trams was delivered, but only 17 are needed for SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS Lines: 3 modifications, 3 x 71-623-02 (KTM-23) - total + 380 625 222 232 operations by STIC (Charleroi City Transport). northern line to Gosselies, opened in June 2013 to Newcraighall in the south and Newbridge in regular passenger services on the curtailed line. Opened: 2007 Gauge: 1435mm Mateu Capella Ribot – CEO System length: 14.2km 38, including works cars Galyna V. Kyslychka - Finance Director An increase in car and bus transport – combined when old track retained for depot access was the west. The cost of the scheme in 2003 was A public inquiry into the management of the Lines: 2 Fleet: 6 x Class 71 (M1), 5 x CAF Class 81 (M2) General contact: Stops: 31 Annual ridership: 10.7M (2013) + 380 625 290 282 with de-industrialisation – led to its decline. rebuilt. Because of the narrowness of some estimated at EUR697M. The line finally opened project was called in 2014 and is ongoing; System length: 15.55km Annual ridership: 1.2M (2014) + 34 (0) 871 930 000 Depots: 1 Operator: Yenakiyivske Tramvaino-Troleibusne General contact: Had a plan to reinvigorate the area with a streets in Gosselies, the line uses single track in in 2014 contains parts of two of these lines, meanwhile, encouraging passenger figures and Stops: 19 Operator: Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca (SFM) @ [email protected] Gauge: 1524mm Upravlinnia, KP + 380 625 222 232 52km metre-gauge métro léger (light metro), different streets for each direction. These covering a 14km route from Edinburgh Airport revenues have led the City of Edinburgh Council AVAILABLE Depots: 1 Operator website: www.trensfm.com Power supply: 550V dc integrating former tram routes and the Vicinal extensions were followed by a reorganisation to York Place in the city centre. to investigate a number of potential extensions interurban Anderlues line been adopted, it of services to provide four routes (M1 – M4) all Authorisation for the tram network came from to the east, reinstating some or all of the would have provided eight branches off a radiating from the city loop. M3 and M4 run at a the Scottish Parliament in March 2006. Breaking proposed line to the Port of Leith, Ocean PARLA YEVPATORIA central circuit of Charleroi. Continuing economic ten-minute headway at peak times, but M1 and ground in 2008, management problems, Terminal and Newhaven. decline and political vacillation resulted in M2 only manage a 30-minute headway. cancellations and long delays leading to the Services are provided by BN/ACEC LRVs, The single Tranvia de Parla circular line is 8.3km stretch has four stops with a “Sur” and “Norte” Yevpatoria is a resort on the Crimean Black Sea track and opened in 1990-91. The route pattern abandonment. once 54-strong in anticipation of the bigger SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS long and serves the major facilities and urban alternative for each. coast; its metre-gauge tramway opened in May was reorganised some years ago to provide The metro launched with a short section in system. The bi-directional Charleroi version is Opened: 2014 George Lowder – CEO Colin Kerr – Head of Engineering developments of the dormitory town of Parla. The system uses five-section 2.4m-wide 1914 to cater for resort visitors as well as locals. more direct links and enable the circuitous route 1976, but progress was slow and openings much closer to the original appearance than Lines: 1 +44 (0) 131 469 5402 +44 (0) 131 338 5769 It connects with the local Madrid interurban rail Alstom Citadis 302 trams, housed in a depot at During its existence there have been several 2 to be suspended in winter months. stalled after 1996 with just 25km delivered; contemporary examples on De Lijn’s Kusttram. System length: 14km @ [email protected] @ [email protected] network at Parla Centro on its western flank the system’s northern end, close to the Plaza de suspensions of service, whilst from 1923-41 On Prospekt Lenina, cars on trunk route 1 some infrastructure completed to an advanced A tender was launched in April 2016 by Société Stops: 15 Lea Harrison – General Manager Gaynor Marshall – Media contact and Parla Norte to the north stretch, opening in Toro stop and adjacent to the interurban rail operation was restricted to summer months. connect with the shuttle to the railway stage has never seen services, with other parts Régionale Wallonne du Transport for Depots: 1 @ [email protected] +44 (0) 131 475 0129 two phases in May and September 2007. tracks. Current use is around 5M passengers In recent years four routes have been station. This uses either coupled Gotha cars or an not begun. Although four stations on the refurbishment of the 45 cars currently used. Gauge: 1435mm Sarah Thompson – Head of Operations @ [email protected] Double-track for its entire length, the layout is annually (2014), above initial estimates. operated, two of which are seasonal. Of these, articulated Tatra KT4 motor car, one of three Châtelet branch were completed, and four more In early 2016, the city council announced plans Power supply: 750V dc +44 (0) 131 338 5784 Operator website: www.edinburghtrams.com interesting not just for its almost circular nature Future plans include two more lines, both line 4 to the New Beach was built as a single- converted to double-ended configuration. In early partially constructed, the structures now lie to open the long-dormant Châtelet tramline, Fleet: 27 x CAF Urbos 3 @ [email protected] but also for a 2.4km stretch of split-running on circular. The city’s current financial situation and track roadside line in 1981 and operates 2016 a prototype partial low-floor for the system ravaged by decay and vandalism. with a 600m extension to a new hospital. Annual ridership: 5.3M (2015) the eastern side of the system where the a recent scandal concerning the system’s June-September. Much of the rest of the system was unveiled by PK Transportnye Systemy. Operator: Edinburgh Trams clockwise and anti-clockwise tracks are in original funding mean that extensions are not is laid in single-track with passing loops. The Since the Russian seizure of Crimea in March separate streets a 250m block apart. Each expected to be announced in the near future. most recent extension, serving the northern 2014, visitor numbers have declined, affecting SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS KEY CONTACTS Sputnik-2 housing estate, was built as double- both ridership and frequencies on the tramway. Opened: 1887 Didier Gilson – Director General GeneralMonseux contact: Gerard – CEO Lines: 4 @ [email protected] @Xavier [email protected] Robert – Operations Manager SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS System length: 33km Philippe Vandemeersche – Technical Director Veronique +32 (0) 7123 Benoit 4111 – Commercial Director Opened: 2007 Fleet: 5 x Alstom Citadis 302 Tomas J. Perez Cortes – Maintenance Manager SYSTEM FACTS KEY CONTACTS Stops: 48 (operational) @ [email protected] OperatorGeneral Contactwebsite: www.infotec.be Lines: 1 Annual ridership: 5M (2011) Juan Carlos Martínez Moreno Opened: 1914 Power supply: 550V dc Olexandr V. Melnik - CEO Depots: 1 +32 (0) 7123 4112 + 32 (0) 7123 4115 System length: 8.3km Operator: Tranvia de Parla S.A. – Technical Leader Lines: 2 (+ 2 seasonal) Fleet: 16 x Tatra KT4, 5 x Gotha T57, one Gotha + 380 656 927 678 Gauge: 1000mm Xavier Robert – Operations Director @ [email protected] Stops: 16 General contact: System length: 14.9km B57 - total 24, including works cars Vladimir V. Sysoyev - Engineering Director Power supply: 600V dc @ [email protected] Operator website: www.infotec.be Depots: 1 + 34 (0) 900 702 010 Stops: 42 Annual ridership: 13.1M (2013) + 380 656 933 314 Fleet: 45 x BN LRVs Marc Bolly – Head of Infrastructure Gauge: 1435mm @ [email protected] Depots: 1 Operator: Yevpatoriyske Tramvaine Upravlinnia General contact: Annual ridership: 8M (2014) @ [email protected] Power supply: 750V dc Operator website: www.viaparla.com Gauge: 1000mm imeni I. O. Pyatetskoho, KP + 380 656 927 678 @ [email protected] Operator: TEC Charleroi NOW SOUTHERN EUROPE  SPAIN | 5 EASTERN EUROPE  UKRAINE | 11 2 | WESTERN EUROPE  BELGIUM WESTERN EUROPE  UNITED KINGDOM | 1

6 | CENTRAL EUROPE  POLAND

@ [email protected] | www.mainspring.co.uk/monitor 383 CONTENTS The official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association OCTOBER 2016 Vol. 79 No. 946 www.tautonline.com EDITORIAL 381 EDITOR Simon Johnston Tel: +44 (0)1733 367601 E-mail: [email protected] 13 Orton Enterprise Centre, Bakewell Road, Peterborough PE2 6XU, UK ASSOCIATE EDITOR Tony Streeter E-mail: [email protected] WORLDWIDE EDITOR Michael Taplin Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK. E-mail: [email protected] NEWS EDITOR John Symons 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST9 0LW, UK. E-mail: [email protected] SENIOR CONTRIBUTOR Neil Pulling WORLDWIDE CONTRIBUTORS Tony Bailey, James Chuang, Paul Nicholson, Richard Felski, Ed Havens, Bill Vigrass, Andrew Moglestue, 391 Mike Russell, Nikolai Semyonov, Vic Simons, Herbert Pence, Alain Senut, Thomas Wagner. NEWS 372 SYSTEMS FACTFILE: DEBRECEN 391 PRODUCTION Rick Wilson Millions committed to Canadian transit Modernisation has reaffirmed trams’ role as Tel: +44 (0)1733 367604 E-mail: [email protected] projects; Initial Night Tube services a huge the travel backbone in this Hungarian city. DESIGN success; Dallas extends its Streetcar; Paris Debbie Nolan tramways to more than double by 2022. WORLDWIDE REVIEW 396 ADVERTISING Linz line 4 extension to open; boring COMMERCIAL MANAGER KC’S LESSONS FOR CONNECTIVITY 377 finished on Toronto’s Eglinton Crosstown Geoff Butler The new Kansas City Streetcar is part of a line; Essen and Mülheim operators to merge; Tel: +44 (0)1733 367610 E-mail: [email protected] programme to deliver ‘Smart City’ services Tenders invited for new Moscow trams. PUBLISHER Howard Johnston across the core of Missouri’s largest city. Hans Retallick reports in words and pictures. MAILBOX 402 Tramways & Urban Transit is jointly published by the LRTA and LRTA Publishing on the third Friday of each Thoughts on UK light rail growth challenges. month preceding the cover date. CATENARY-FREE INNOVATIONS 381 LRTA WEBSITE AND DIARY With advanced battery technologies and CLASSIC TRAMS: DOUGLAS 404 Brian Lomas ground-based inductive charging, PRIMOVE A remarkable survivor of horse-drawn tram E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] offers a unique vision for a wire-free future. operation celebrates 140 years of service. LRTA MEMBERSHIP (with TAUT subscription) Tramways & Urban Transit is sent free to all paid-up members of the Light Rail Transit Association. BERLIN URBAN RAIL SPECIAL 383 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND MEMBERSHIP ENQUIRIES The German capital holds a special place as a tramway pioneer and continues to develop LRTA Membership Secretary (Dept T06), the nation’s largest network. Tony Streeter reviews the past, present and future in the first 38 Wolseley Road, Sale M33 7AU, UK. of a two-part special focus on Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe’s rail-borne public transport. Tel: +44 (0)117 9517785 BACK ISSUES Tel: +44 (0)117 951 7785 PRINT AND DISTRIBUTION Warners (Midlands) plc, The Maltings, West Street, Great tramway survivors... and reinstatement Bourne, Lincs PE10 9PH, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1778 391000. LRTA REGISTERED OFFICE The long view. It’s something we talk about, but what is ‘the long view’? c/o 138 Radnor Avenue, Welling, Kent DA16 2BY, UK. 15 years? 20? Maybe 30? I can guarantee that few politicians are looking Private company limited by guarantee, No. 5072319 as far as 2050, but that is where the real beauty of tramway and metro in England and Wales. projects come into their own. They knit communities together, defining LRTA CHAIRMAN the future through the establishment of a fixed point from which to grow. Andrew Braddock The great survivors of the tramway world are to be lauded and perhaps E-mail: [email protected] recognised more for their contribution to the cities they serve – they are far more than LRTA DEPUTY CHAIRMAN just modes of travel, they live through generations and help shape societies. Paul Rowen Berlin is our special focus this month and you won’t find a more dramatic history LRTA PUBLISHING REGISTERED OFFICE c/o 8 Berwick Place, Welwyn Garden City, Herts AL7 4TU, than that of the tramway that serves the German capital. A system devised as a whole UK. Private Limited Company, No. 06169422 to facilitate movement across a large city was cut into two pieces: one survived and in England and Wales. grew, one was dismantled and paved over to create more space for road traffic. Maybe © LRTA Publishing 2016 decisions taken in West Berlin in the 1950s and ’60s were the right ones at the time, Articles are submitted on the understanding they may also but it is now recognised that tramways bring a multitude of benefits and new lines later be used on our websites or other media. A contribution is accepted on the basis that its author is responsible for the heading westwards are planned while ridership is on an upward curve. opinions expressed in it, and such opinions are not those of Over 1000km away, we celebrate another milestone with the 140th celebrations held LRTA Publishing or the LRTA. All rights reserved. for the Douglas horse tramway. Another great survivor, although only just, this service No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in has a very different reason for existing – it is a symbol and a popular attraction that any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and draws thousands each year to the Isle of Man. retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from How many towns and cites around the world are regretting their decisions to remove the copyright owner. Multiple copying of the contents of the tram lines and replace them with more roads... the more sensible ones are now looking magazine without prior written approval is not permitted. at those crowded corridors and reinstating them. To paraphrase Confucious’ famous COVER: Berlin’s tramway in the 21st Century: A pair statement: Study the past if you would divine the future. Simon Johnston, Editor of Flexity Berlin trams at Alexanderplatz. S. Johnston

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 371 News Canada funds massive expansion Boost for Ontario transit projects; significant Montreal light metro infrastructure agreement reached

he Canadian Federal In Montreal, Pension fund Government has Caisse de Dépôt et Placement announced that du Québec (CDPQ) Infra has CAD1.49bn (approx. reached an agreement with TEUR1bn) is to be made available Canadian National Railway for transportation infrastructure (CN) to purchase land, buildings in Ontario, matched by an equal and infrastructure for its 67km sum from the Province. The (42-mile) Metropolitan Electric programme of investment was Network (REM) automated announced by Prime Minister metro project. Justin Trudeau and Ontario Most significantly, CDPQ Premier Kathleen Wynne on Infra will acquire the viaduct 23 August at a ceremony attended that leads to Montreal Central by Toronto Mayor John Tory. station, removing potential Five cities in the province conflicts with other operators, – Toronto, Ottawa, Waterloo, Metropolitan Transit Agency, Via Barrie and Sudbury – are to be the Rail and Amtrak. Announced first recipients of the dedicated in August, the agreement also transit funding for projects that avoids the demolition of several have already been approved. Toronto’s preserved PCC tram on recently-laid trackwork in the Brewery district buildings and obviates the need for the new Cherry line. P. Ehrlich The funding can be used for up for new parallel tracks and many to half of the costs of an eligible Work includes replacing and Wheeltrans accessibility major road closures. project and the announcement signalling on the Bloor – services, customer information Environmental impact allows retrospective Danforth subway, improving screens, and ventilation and hearings for the CAD5.5bn contributions to 1 April. accessibility and overhauling pump replacement. (EUR3.8bn) project (CAD3bn Around CAD500m (EUR345m) lifts and escalators, better Funding will also allow from CDPQ and CAD2.5bn from will be available to the Toronto subway depot facilities, repairing planning, design and early federal and provincial funds) will Transportation Commission or replacing tracks and overhead. works on system expansion, begin on 29 August. The Quebec (TTC) for dozens of projects that It also covers the mid-life including Finch West, Eglinton Government is expected to make have been awaiting external overhaul of subway cars, life West and East, Scarborough a final decision on the project funding because its own budget extension overhaul of 40 ALRV Subway, and the Downtown this winter to allow construction is not sufficient. trams, new buses for regular fleet Relief Line. to begin in spring 2017.

Bergen extension cuts journey times Samsun trams reach Balıkçı Journey times through parts of at the same time as a new airport The newly-opened section of the Norwegian city of terminal 3 on top of the tram line involved building the new Samsun Mayor Yusuf Ziya have been cut by the opening of station. In the meantime, a Birkeland bridge, two sections Yılmaz inaugurated the first the 4.8km (three-mile) tramway shuttle bus is provided from the of tunnel, an underground 5km (3.1-mile) phase of an extension from Lagunen to tram terminus. 280-space park-and-ride facility extension of the city’s tramline Birkelandsskiftet on 15 August. The extension also serves at Flypassveien, and 4.2km to Tekkeköy on 27 August. City mayor Mjøs Persen and a new 24 000m2 eight-track (2.6 miles) of new cycle track. Tracklaying on the five-stop Hordaland County Mayor Anne depot at Kokstad, which relieves The cost was NOK3.715bn south-eastern extension from Gine Hestetun jointly cut the the cramped original depot (EUR400m) and construction Gar to Balıkçı began in January ribbon at a ceremony chosen at Kronstad on an old railway took three years. The end-to-end 2016, as the first phase of an to coincide with the end of the yard, and has space for future running time from the city centre eventual 12km (7.5-mile) route school summer holidays. expansion of the system as well is 39 minutes, with a five-minute to Tekkeköy. Trackwork and The new terminus is 2.4km to cater for lengthening of the headway at peak periods. electrification on the remaining (1.5 miles) short of the Bergen trams from Bergen’s Bybanen is operated by 7km is complete for opening Flesland airport stop, which is 32m to 42m with new centre Norge on behalf of county in October. The new line to expected to open early in 2017 sections and new deliveries. transport agency Skyss. Balıkçı is the first extension since the opening of the 16km (9.9-mile) route between Üniversite and Gar in 2010. In October 2015 the Metropolitan Municipality ordered eight trams for the extension from Durmazlar in a TRY40.4m (EUR12.3m) contract. The 32m trams are 2.65m-wide ABOVE: A view of the new terminus with capacity for 290 and bus interchange with the Birkeland passengers, joining the original motorway bridge. Bybanen fleet of 16 32m AnsaldoBreda LEFT: Inside the new Kokstad tram Sirio trams and five 42m four- depot, which has room for 42m trams section trams delivered by CNR and the works car. Light Rail A/S Tansgshan in December 2013.

372 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org HRI reveals Dallas Streetcar reaches Taipei Metro next expansion milestone Circular line car Hitachi Rail Italy unveiled Service opens to the Bishops Art District, although opening hours questioned the first prototype trainset for the Circular line of the Taipei he first 1.3km (0.8-mile) Metro at its Reggio Calabria extension of the Dallas plant on 30 August. All 17 Streetcar opened on aluminium-bodied four-car 29 August. It now runs sets are due to be completed for Tfrom the existing terminus near the line’s opening in late 2018. the Methodist Dallas Medical Taipei’s Department of Rapid Center, that opened in April Transit Systems awarded a 2015, on the southern side of the EUR334m turnkey contract for Trinity River to the Bishops Art vehicles and driverless operation District in Oak Cliff, with two for the first phase of the Circular new stops on Zang Boulevard at line in 2009 to a consortium of 6th Street and between Davis and Ansaldo STS and AnsaldoBreda Seventh Streets (Bishop Arts). (now Hitachi Rail Italy); each The 3.9km (2.4-mile) service 68m four-car driverless trainset – operated by DART on behalf is 68m long and 2.65m wide of the City of Dallas – remains with a capacity for 98 seated fare-free, with opening hours and 555 standing passengers. between 09.30 and 0.00, but The Dallas Streetcar now reaches for 3.9km from Union Station across the Trinity The TWD54.7bn (EUR1.55bn) frequency is improved to every River into southern Dallas; further ambitions include a northern extension to first phase comprises a 15.4km 20 minutes following the recent connect with the McKinney Avenue Trolley. DART (9.6-mile) connection between delivery of two additional Dapinglin in the south of the Brookville Liberty partially low- tourists. The [Federal] TIGER for residents would require it city (the only underground floor modern streetcars. grant we applied for and received starting at least by 7am.” station) with the new airport While the latest extension has was specific in stating ‘the Eventually, the plan is to express line to Taiwan Taoyuan been welcomed by residents and implementation of the streetcar expand north-east from Union International Airport at Wugu businesses, the service hours are line in Dallas will provide a Street to connect to the Dallas Industrial Park in the west. still an issue of contention. Jason multi-modal link between jobs Convention Center and the There will be an additional 13 Roberts, who founded the Oak and residents.’ McKinney Avenue Trolley, but elevated stations and a depot. Cliff Transit Authority in 2006 “With the current hours, any timescale would depend on Two further phases, to fight for the streetcar, said: we’re in direct opposition to the the outcome of decisions made delivered as separate projects, “The city is starting first rides at guidelines of the grant which for a second city crossing for would extend the line to 52km 9.30am and ending at midnight, could open up the city to some the DART light rail system and (32 miles) with 48 stations and which would be focused on major issues. Standard ‘job’ hours available funding at the time. three depots.

St Peter’s Square reopens NEWS IN PICTURES

Work on the reconfiguration through to Shaw & Crompton. In of St Peter’s Square in consequence, the full line service central Manchester (UK) to to Rochdale Town Centre now accommodate the Second City starts at Exchange Square. The Crossing has been completed, Eccles service also now runs at all with tram services resuming times via MediaCityUK, which on 28 August. Platforms were with an additional daytime brought into use to and from service to Piccadilly gives Piccadilly, with some work for the combined six-minute headways. other route yet to be completed. The works form part of the Second City Crossing services are ‘Grow’ programme, which Kraków 914 decorated in expected to start early next year. will see more than GBP1bn papal colours for Pope Francis’ At the same time work was (EUR1.17bn) invested in city visit in late July. MPK completed on the track relaying centre improvements by 2017. on the Eccles route and tram services resumed between Pope Francis takes the tram in Kraków Pope Francis took an 800m tram ride from the Archbishop’s palace to MediaCityUK and Eccles. Bloniach in the Polish city of Kraków during his visit on 28 July for a gathering Restoration of the full network of Roman Catholic youth (World Youth Day). is accompanied by reorganisation PESA 2014N 100% low-floorKralowiak 914 was repainted in yellow and white of service patterns, enabling an papal colours and symbolically renumbered SCV1 (the registration mark of increase in headways on the East the Vatican’s ‘Popemobile’). Mayor of Kraków Jacek Majchrowski presented Didsbury line, with Monday The Pope with the keys to the city before he boarded the tram with to Saturday daytime headways Archbishop Wojciech Polak. increased to six minutes In 2015 MPK took delivery of 36 Krakowiak 42.83m air-conditioned, Metrolink Director Peter Cushing four-section trams, the longest in Poland, and based on the Twist design. between Deansgate-Castlefield and TfGMC Chair Councillor Andrew The ‘Tram del Papa’ went into normal passenger service on routes 4, 50 and and East Didsbury. Alternate Fender at the opening of the new 52 after the visit ended. trams from East Didsbury run St Peter’s Square stop. TfGM

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 373 News Paris light rail to nudge 250km within the next six years LRT networks of various configurations across the capital region to more than double by 2022

aris will mark the 30th VAL-D’OISE anniversary of the Garges – Sarcelles Achères-Ville Villetaneuse T 5 launch of its first modern Épinay-sur-Seine Université Orgemont TramExpress tramway line in 2022 by T 8 Nord extendingP its network to almost Saint-Denis TramExpress Sartrouville Pl. du 8 mai 1945 250km (155 miles). Ouest SEINE- Aulnay-sous-Bois The French capital abandoned Phase 2 T 1 Saint-Denis Gare de St-Denis SAINT-DENIS the last section of its first- Pont de Bezons Asnières – Saint-Denis T 1 Lycée Henri Sellier YVELINES Courtilles Gennevilliers – Porte de Paris generation tramways in 1938, Gabriel Peri Les Courtilles Montfermeil but brought light rail back in July St.-Germain-en-Laye Porte de la Chapelle Bondy T 4 Porte 1992 with the opening of the TramExpress La Défense T 3b Ouest Porte d’Auber- Noisy-le-Sec 9.1km (5.6-mile) line T1 between villiers Gare de Noisy-le-Sec / République Phase 1 Rueil-Malmaison d’Asnières Bobigny and La Corneuve. Since HAUTS- T 1 TramExpress June 2016 eight lines are in DE- T 2 PARIS T 3b Nord operation, totalling 105km (65 SEINE Val de Fontenay Parc de Saint-Cloud Pont du Garigliano / Porte de Vincennes miles), including two rubber-tyred Bd Victor lines using the NTL/Translohr Porte de Versailles system, and one tram-train T 3a operated on former SNCF tracks. Meudon-sur-Seine Viroflay Porte de Choisy T 6 Clamart Châtillon Champigny – Le Plant Projects now authorised will Rive Droite Place du Garde Montrouge Versailles take the network to 246km (153 Chantiers Saint-Cyr-L’École Vélizy-Villacoublay miles) within six years, extending Robert Wagner Villejuif Louis Aragon existing lines and opening T 6 others, taking the total to 13. Antony VAL-DE-MARNE La Croix de Berny T 9 What is remarkable about the T 10 TramExpress Paris network is that most lines T 7 are standalone operations with Sud Orly-Ville little or no connection to each Massy – Palaiseau other. Only at Gare de St-Denis is there a track connection between Athis-Mons T1 and T8, while the apparent T 7 connection between T2 and T3a at Porte de Versailles is illusory Juvisy-sur-Orge because each line is operated by TramExpress rolling stock of different widths. Sud Épinay-sur-Orge T10 will be a conventional Existing and proposed lines in the Paris area tramway with its own depot, despite crossing rubber-tyred T6 In service Project Under study Tramway or tram-train (which has its own depot). Clearly Évry – Courcouronnes some of the extensions open up Rubber-tyred tramway possibilities for connections (T1/ T2 near Pont de Bezons and T3a/ T3b: Porte de Vincennes – Sarcelles (6.6km/4.1 miles) New line T10: Antony – T9 at Porte de Choisy). Porte de la Chapelle (9.5km/5.9 T6 Châtillon Montrouge – Clamart (8.2km/5.1 miles) T1: Noisy-le-Sec – Asnières- miles); extension from Porte de Viroflay Rive Droite (14km/ New line T11: Tram-train Gennevilliers-Les Courtilles la Chapelle to Porte d’Asnieres 8.7 miles) Satrouville – Noisy-le-Sec (17km/10.6 miles); extension (4.3km/2.7 miles) and further T7: Villejuif – Porte de l’Essonne (28k m/17.4 miles) from Noisy-le-Sec to Val de expansion from Porte d’Asnieres (11.2km/seven miles); extension New line T12: Tram-train Fontenay (10.7km/6.6 miles) to Porte Dauphine (3km/1.9 miles) from Porte d l’Essonne to Juvisy- Massy-Palaiseau – Evry- and from Asnières to Colombes- T4: Tram-train Aulnay-sous-Bois sur-Orge (3.8km/2.4 miles) Courcouronnes (20km/12.4 Gabriel Péri (6.5km/four miles) – Bondy (7.9km/4.9 miles); T8: Saint-Denis – Épinay-sur- miles); extension from Massy- T2: Porte de Versailles – Pont de new branch from Bondy Gargan Seine/Villetaneuse (8.45km/ Palaiseau to Versailles Chantiers Bezons (17.9km/11.1 miles) to L’hôpital de Montfermeil 5.3 miles) (14.6km/nine miles) T3a: Pont du Garigliano – Porte (6.5km/ four miles) New line T9: Porte de Choisy – New line T13: Tram-train Saint- de Vincennes (12.3km/7.6 miles) T5: Saint-Denis – Garges- Orly Ville (10.3km/6.4 miles) Cyr – Acheres Ville (29km/18 miles)

Southwest Corridor light rail funding gap filled

The USD145.5m funding gap Hennepin County and other Legislature declined to approve The Metropolitan Council has that cast uncertainty over Twin Cities area counties state funding. said it will raise the balance. Minneapolis’s Southwest have agreed to prop up the Hennepin County has When complete in 2021, the Corridor project has been financing for the scheme, committed an extra USD20.5m, USD1.86bn line will run 23.5km successfully filled. The which was on the verge of with matching pledges from (14.5 miles) from Minneapolis Metropolitan Council, collapse when Minnesota’s other Twin Cities authorities. to Eden Prairie, with 15 stops.

374 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Kano approves light metro project Night Tube is an instant hit The Ministry of Works, Housing and Transport of the Nigerian state Over 50 000 passengers use new ‘24 hour’ services in the first four hours of Kano has made a provisional contract award of USD1.86bn to a joint venture of two CRRC he London subsidiaries to build a light metro network in the country’s second- Underground’s new largest city, Kano. Night Tube service – China Railway 18th Bureau launched on two of Group and China Railway itsT lines on 19-20 August – has Construction Electrification been such a success that it is to Bureau Group are to construct be quickly expanded to several phases 1 and 2 of the network, other routes in early autumn. totalling 74km (46 miles). The Over 50 000 customer journeys award is subject to fulfilment of were recorded on the UK capital’s financing considerations and approval by Nigerian President Central and Victoria lines Muhammadu Buhar. during the first four-hour session, and London Mayor SACRT closures avoided Sadiq Khan is keen to see the This year has been challenging system shoulder more of the for the Sacramento Regional Transit District (SACRT) with a increasing demand currently projected USD2m budget shortfall. being met by the bus network. The first Night Tube service at Originally there was a proposal Weekend Tube traffic is already Oxford Circus on 19 August. T. Page for some drastic service cuts, 70% up on 2000, with road including closure of the Green line transport more than twice that. Night Tube operates with Terminal 5) lines, and Circle will that opened in June 2012 (TAUT According to Transport for six trains per hour on Friday/ be added to the list. 943) but currently averages less London, Night Tube will create Saturday and Saturday/Sunday There are hopes of running than 500 daily boardings. around 2000 new permanent nights between 00.30 and 24-hour services on the District However following a full review, SACRT has identified jobs in the city, which will 05.30 on the entire Victoria line and Metropolitan lines in cost savings, particularly in boost the economy by around and the Central line between the future, and also on the administration, to deal with the GBP77m (EUR91m) a year. Ealing Broadway, Loughton and new Crossrail (Elizabeth line) shortfall which meant that cuts to A quarter of these have been Hainault, and will be extended between Paddington and Abbey service were not needed. created by the service, which to the Jubilee line on 7 October. Wood after it opens in 2018. needs more drivers, station staff, Later this year, the Northern line Consideration is being given Delays to new BART cars Delivery of the new fleet of maintenance workers, control (except City and Mill Hill East to operation on other nights for 775 Bombardier cars for San staff, and British Transport sections), Piccadilly (between special events and during the Francisco’s BART system has hit Police officers. Cockfosters and Heathrow Christmas shopping season. a five-month delay, with just ten cars expected to fulfil the testing programme by the end of the year. The first car (3001) was unveiled in April. The delay has been caused City Deal could fund new Edinburgh primarily by the need for extensive wiring modifications, according to officials, as well as issues routes as the Inquiry calls evidence with auxiliary power systems manufactured by Mitsubishi. Proposals to extend Edinburgh’s Granton, west to Newbridge from Inquiry chair the Rt Hon Lord tramway are likely to form Ingliston, and south to Little Hardie said those contacted First S200SF on schedule part of a GBP2bn (EUR2.3bn) France, Newcraighall, and Queen include individuals and for December testing The first of the 215 Siemens City Region Deal. The City Margaret University as part of a organisations who responded S200SF LRVs ordered for San of Edinburgh Council is in new Strategic Development Plan to a call for evidence launched Francisco’s Muni network is talks with the UK and Scottish for 2018-30. in May 2015, as well as those almost complete and is due to Governments to provide The Edinburgh Tram Inquiry identified by the inquiry as being arrive in the city in December. funds. The council believes has started gathering public relevant to its investigation. San Francisco’s Mayor Ed Lee that expansion into Leith evidence from those affected Hardie added that and Municipal Transportation and beyond will significantly by the setbacks to the GBP776m prosecutions as a result of the Agency officials visited Siemens’ boost the economy of that (EUR945m) tramway project investigation could not be ruled plant in Sacramento on August 29 area, which is expected to grow (more than double the original out, but it would “ultimately be to view the production line. SFMTA signed a USD648m through various other ongoing estimated cost at its opening a matter for the Lord Advocate contract in September 2014 for developments. in May 2014) that will look at and Crown Office and Procurator 175 LRVs, but the following June Plans are being formulated the consequences of the failure Fiscal Service”. The inquiry itself exercised an option for 40 more; for expansion of the tramway to deliver on time and within has no power to determine civil a further 45 remain on option. northwards to Newhaven and budget. or criminal liability.

Elevated ‘straddle’ bus undertakes first road trials in Qinhuangdao

Trials of the remarkable elevated The vehicle runs on rails and bus runs on four bogies. It is an operational prototype using ‘superbus’ in China’s Hebei straddles two traffic lanes with understood its electric power is Transit Explore Bus Development province began on 2 August. The enough headroom (2.1m) for generated from solar panels. of Beijing to build the vehicle. TEB-1 vehicle is 22m long, 7.8m cars to pass underneath while The concept was unveiled It is hoped to be able to offer a wide and 4.8m high and can it stops to pick up and set down at the 19th China Beijing three-car ‘train’ able to travel at carry up to 300 passengers who passengers. Some 300m of track International High-Tech Expo in up to 60km/h (37mph) and carry board from elevated platforms. has been set up, and the 15t May and the developers achieved 1200 passengers.

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KC STREETCAR: LOOKING TO THE FUTURE Hans Retallick discovers how the successful reintroduction of trams to Kansas City after a break of 57 years is just one major part of a transformational regeneration programme for this ‘Smart City’.

he morning of 6 May 2016 City, MO, form the heart of the district, with Railway Company only lasted five years saw a large crowd gathering a large number of other urbanised areas before entering receivership in 1920. outside the recently renovated spreading out in all directions. The peak for ridership was just over 135 Union Station in Kansas City Located on the Missouri River, the city million in 1922 with the 769 streetcars and for the grand opening of the quickly became one of the most important US 76 buses carrying less than 113 million in Tfirst Streetcar service in the city since 1957. railway junctions in the early 20th Century 1929 as the Great Depression struck. In 1925 The culmination of many proposals and a and in its heyday boasted a 25-line streetcar the Kansas City Public Service Company planning process that commenced in 2011, network – one of the largest in the nation. took over from the receivers, and despite the new 16-stop line serves important areas From horse-drawn services that began in many pressures and severely declining in the city’s downtown area for a distance of 1870 and electrification from the late 1880s, ridership (from a low of 67 million fare- 3.5km (2.2 miles). the streetcar followed the growth of the paying passengers in 1932, the system saw Kansas City, with a metropolitan area rapidly expanding city under the stewardship peaks and troughs throughout the 1930s and population of over two million, is unusual of the Metropolitan Street Railway Company 1940s but never more than 100m passengers) in that it is located in two states – State Line that lasted until 1914. managed to stay solvent for 30 years. The new Road which divides Kansas from Missouri By the 1920s the effects of increased company made substantial investments in goes through the centre of the city on a private car ownership were becoming vehicles and infrastructure, and converted north-south axis. Kansas City, KS, and Kansas apparent, and the succeeding Kansas City the streetcars to one-man operation.

TOP: KC Streetcar Urbos 801 outside Union Station on opening day, 6 May 2016, awaiting its first departure.

LEFT: At the opening ceremony, Kansas City Mayor Sly James said: “This is one of the most significant milestones in this city in generations.”

RIGHT: A Kansas City Public Service Company PCC passes Union Station on 22 June 1957, the day before closure. Raymond DeGroote Jr

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 377 Kansas City

Some fine PCC cars had been delivered to San Francisco where it was used until pre-war, and these were added to by post- 1979. In storage for 25 years at the Western war deliveries with a fleet of 184, in their Railway Museum in Rio Vista, California, smart cream and black livery, providing the 511 returned to Kansas City in 2006 and DEPOT core of the services in the post-war period. was placed on display. It moved from Union Ridership very nearly made the record figures Station in March to make room for Union of 1922 for a couple of years immediately Station’s Western Expansion project, but it is River Market after the war’s end, but sadly, the writing was hoped it can return for display in the future. North on the wall for the streetcars. The explosion Several other projects to revive the city in automobile usage, coupled with the centre were proposed over the next couple of 3rd St. development of land further and further decades and as part of this process there were River from the city centre, meant that the streetcar several proposals to bring railed transport Market City Market was rapidly sidelined. Another major factor back to the streets. Sadly none were successful West was that as a streetcar operator the company until the present line was first mooted in was bound by law to contribute to the cost 2011. A Transportation Development District of road improvements, and it took the (TDD) was formed and local residents and North Loop 7th St. pragmatic view that if streetcar lines were business owners voted in favour of a new abandoned they could still be run by buses streetcar line to create links between strategic on the same roads without incurring any downtown areas. Despite a setback upon development costs. changes in local government, the project 9th St. A decision was made in 1955 to close the went ahead and currently enjoys significant Library few remaining lines, and by 1957 the last of support from Mayor Sly James. the PCC cars which had been the mainstay Finance was raised from local sales and of services had run (many of them being property taxes supported by a federal TIGER sold for further service elsewhere), and the grant of USD20m and other federal grants

Oak St.

Main St.

Grand Blvd.. system was closed. On 23 June 1957, the last totalling USD37.1m; just under USD63m in 12th St. streetcar, 778, ran on the Country Club route construction bonds covered the rest. Total Metro 56, some of which is covered by the current construction costs were around USD102m, Center new line. With the growing network of new delivered by a joint venture of Herzog highways, and the development of residential Contracting and Stacy & Witbeck, and it is Kansas City Sprint areas together with their attendant shopping envisaged that the operating costs of the new Convention Center facilities further into the suburbs, the line (approx. USD2m/year) will be met in Center Power & Light downtown area became depopulated and their entirety by local sales and property taxes, retail facilities largely abandoned. thus allowing the KC Streetcar to remain free to ride. The first works took place in May 2014, Modern redevelopment with the first clearance runs taking place 16th St. By 1983 the once vibrant Union Station had using CAF-built 801 on 5 November 2015 and Kauffman closed to passengers and a failed partnership powered testing starting a week later. Center to redevelop the magnificent building had deteriorated into painful and drawn-out Operations litigation as the structure itself crumbled The Kansas City Streetcar Authority (KCSA) is and the city centre became an increasingly a not-for-profit organisation of local authority unattractive destination. An historic and business leaders formed for the purpose Bistate Tax Initiative, the first in US history, of managing, operating, and maintaining Crossroads 19th St. provided USD118m towards the USD260m the streetcar system on behalf of the city. reconstruction – with the remainder coming Operations and maintenance are contracted from federal grants and private donations. to Herzog Transit Services under a five-year The station has now become a retail, leisure USD15.8m agreement signed in October and education centre. Amtrak services 2015. Herzog employs 16 drivers and five returned to Union Station in December 2002. maintenance staff. Until March 2016, Kansas City PCC It is envisaged the timetable would be 511 was displayed outside Union Station. operated with three vehicles Monday-Saturday Originally built by the St. Louis Car Company with a two-car service running on Sundays, of Missouri for the Kansas City Public Service, but high initial loadings saw four cars in where it ran between 1947 and 1957, upon operation at periods, with ridership recorded Union Station the system’s closure it was sold to Toronto at over 32 000 for the first weekend alone. where it ran until 1973 before transfer Average weekday ridership is now 6000/day.

The route to closure In 1931 came the first track abandonment, and motor buses started to take over from streetcar routes. In 1938 trolleybuses were first used, and by 1939 there were 78 in service, but with 492 streetcars still running together with 227 buses. A temporary reprieve was granted by World War Two when large numbers of industries relocated to Kansas City and there was a consequent boom in streetcar use. The large numbers of returning GIs also ensured an explosion in population, and the company made plans for retention of 12 key The historic City Market is one of the city’s most famous streetcar lines; there was even a small post- landmarks and today houses a vibrant mix of residential and war extension built, one of the few in the retail development as well as the large farmer’s market. A. Grahl post-war USA.

378 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Entering the River Market loop, 802 rounds the tight curve onto West 5th Street.

River Market North is the northernmost stop on the new 3.75km line and sits just The Streetcar already boasts ridership figures above expectations and ahead of the access track that takes vehicles to the Singleton Yard maintenance regeneration along the line is quoted as bringing in over USD500m to the local and storage facility. community.

In addition to overseeing streetcar The route then comes into the Old Market before returning to the I-35 bridge. The depot operations, the KCSA supports system district where the northbound line does a 90° line branches off the loop at the junction branding, marketing, public communication right turn into 5th Street followed by three of Grand Boulevard and E 3rd Street, going and community engagement. While 90° left turns into Grand Boulevard, East 3rd down Grand Boulevard until it turns right established as a separate entity, the KCSA Street and Delaware Street again which takes into Oak Street. works closely with the City of Kansas City, it around the market area with all of its shops, Kansas City ordered its 23.6m three- Missouri and the downtown Transportation restaurants and bars, and the famous ‘Arabia’ section Urbos trams from CAF USA and the Development District (TDD) to co-ordinate riverboat museum. There are three stops on four delivered to the system formed part of service development and long-term the Market loop. a batch of nine trams assembled in Elmira, management of the streetcar. Day-to-day Facing south again it rejoins the New York. The other five were delivered to functions are managed by its Executive northbound line in Delaware Street just Cincinnati, and had all been delivered at the Director, Tom Gerend, with oversight from the Board of Directors. After leaving a stub end next to Union Station on the west side of Main Street, the line takes a sharp curve across to the east side of Main Street. This is traffic light-controlled, and takes the line into the kerbside on the east side where the alignment continues up Main Street, through the heart of the downtown area with a number of stops including the important Power and Light district before taking the Delaware Street bridge over the I-35 interstate highway. Incidentally, the majority of the Main Street section between 18th and 9th Streets Inside the Singleton Yard facility, which features Singleton Yard boasts an above-floor wheel was once covered by a cable car line of the every modern convenience for vehicle maintenance lathe which ensures that re-profiling can be done Metropolitan Street Railway. and servicing. in-house.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 379 Kansas City

time of the Kansas City opening. The 100% low-floor air-conditioned vehicles each have a passenger capacity of 148 and the fleet is numbered 801-804, picking up the series where it left off more than 50 years ago with the 725-799 streetcar series. The vehicles have performed well to date and initial service operations have been very successful; the Authority has stated that it is pleased with its decision to choose the Urbos with praise for the manufacturer’s support. The 2320m2 (approx. 25 000ft2) depot, operations and administrative centre is a new building located at Singleton Yard (named after local architect and long-time transit advocate E. Crichton ‘Kite’ Singleton) on Holmes Street between 1st and 3rd Streets, and the access track passes under the approach to Heart of America Bridge over the Missouri River. The building is a striking new two-storey development in a rather run-down area, and as such is symbolic of the regeneration that the streetcar is bringing to the city. The facility has three roads, one of which is a separate wash area. The other two roads form the well equipped maintenance area with a parts elevator and mezzanine on one side at ABOVE: Tight curves on the system’s northern The entire line is served by free public Wi-Fi roof level. Much of the vehicle’s electronics is loop, as seen here at the junction of Delaware and 5th, and many other innovations are in part tied at this level and access is very simple. inevitably slow progress, but signal priority ensures a into the line’s development and are helping reasonable service speed and 40-50km/h (25-30mph) The facility boasts an above-floor wheel to earn ‘Smart City’ status. The intelligent is seen in traffic on Main Street and Delaware. lathe which ensures that re-profiling can be Wi-Fi network delivered by Cisco and Sprint done in-house. The depot and administrative BELOW: ‘Interactive’ stops are linked to the free in partnership with the city not only closely facility is built into a slope so the mezzanine Wi-Fi network and offer real-time passenger monitors the streetcar network and traffic level is the same as the office block accessed information as well as useful local information. signals, but also features sensors on key city from Holmes Street. infrastructure elements to monitor weather conditions and integrated smart LED street The future lighting. In addition to getting free Wi-Fi As one would expect, the operators are along the streetcar route, opted-in smartphone coy about future plans, but extensions are users might also receive targeted ads and certainly envisaged. Whilst the potential real-time promotions for restaurant specials. traffic to the outer suburbs with very low Thirteen of the 16 new stops feature large density population and high car ownership interactive displays that operate over Wi-Fi wouldn’t support lengthy extensions, the and with wireless beacons. Cisco and the sensible extension of the line to the south city also hope to harvest a variety of opt-in and the Country Club Plaza would be a data gathered from visitors’ smartphones, logical move, and would potentially local businesses and residents about the city’s generate a lot of traffic, from both shopping retail destinations and services as well as any and leisure riders. problems or complaints. Aggregate data will The Kansas City Regional Transit Alliance inform expansion of both the Wi-Fi zone is currently pushing forward a proposal for “An extension to the and could even be used to determine future a 6km (3.75-mile) southern extension along extension priorities for the streetcar. Main Street to the University of Missouri– south would potentially Many commentators are unsure about the Kansas City’s Volker Campus funded through benefits of some of these services and how a new TDD to replace the Downtown Streetcar generate a lot of traffic, the returns will be measured, but what is TDD. It suggests a capital cost estimate of interesting is that the streetcar project is seen USD227m for the extension and is facilitating from both shopping and as the catalyst for the regeneration of the city efforts to obtain local funding approval. centre, with the high-tech integration being East-west extensions haven’t been ruled leisure riders.” a spin-off which could bring many benefits out either, but any further development and efficiencies in lots of different areas. would involve fares being charged, although entrepreneurship and a renewed sense of a Coupled with the streetcar’s arrival is the it is currently envisaged that the Main Street vibrant startup community has emerged in development of many new city centre facilities line will remain free to use. recent years. such as serviced office blocks for start-up One of the unique features of the KC The city is ranked highly among the largest companies, and all the things that go with Streetcar is the massive support from metropolitan areas in the US for high-tech these such as restaurants and entertainment the private sector in the development of startup density in the 21st Century. This centres. The massive new performing arts the scheme. The region has become very might strike some as surprising since Kansas centre, the Kauffman Center, is just a short attractive for technology companies in recent City is far from ‘traditional’ tech hubs such walk from the streetcar line as is the modern years, with Google selecting Kansas City as as California’s Silicon Valley, New York or 19 000 seat multi-purpose Sprint Stadium. the first metropolitan area to be served by Boston, however it’s less of a surprise to those Investment in the area is estimated by the Google Fiber high-speed internet. Companies familiar with the technology ecosystem here. city to have been USD500m along the streetcar such as greeting cards giant Hallmark, Kansas City’s growing tech density and its route with USD1bn in the wider city region. If telecoms conglomerate Sprint, global burgeoning startup activity demonstrates that there was ever a message that trams could bring taxation consultancy H&R Block and GPS the city has true viability as an alternative and regeneration, Kansas City shows the way. technology company Garmin all call Kansas major national and international technology City home, however, a true renaissance in players are truly taking note. Images by Hans Retallick unless otherwise stated.

380 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Catenary-free operation INDUCTIVE CHARGING TAUT visits the PRIMOVE centre in Mannheim, , to learn more about Bombardier's 'off-wire' capabilities.

he debate around catenary-free solutions has grown into one of the most interesting industry talking points in recent years. Politicians and promoters get excited at the ideaT of removing the ‘clutter’ of overhead lines from city centres, operators are eager to learn about potential savings and increased service flexibility, while system designers and engineers showcase technologies to increase energy efficiency and nullify electromagnetic conflicts in sensitive areas. Although more adventurous hydrogen systems are joining the fray (small-scale fuel cell operations are in service in Aruba, Dubai and China), the most popular derivative of catenary-free operation (CFO) is still onboard electrical energy storage fed by a connection to the power supply at both intermediate stops and at termini and depots. Bombardier tram 4349 at RNV’s Möhlstrasse depot in pantograph-down PRIMOVE mode; this same vehicle Of course overhead lines are not the set a new record in November 2015 for pure battery operation at 41.6km (25.9 miles). G. Butler only option for traction power supply and surface-based arrangements date back well As such, the recently-separated PRIMOVE Rail Conference in July 2016: “While over a century. A new generation – for those business unit is as much a system integrator improvements can be made, the battery topic with the resources and finance – has been as a proprietary technology provider. As part is solved. The charging solution is what will in operation in France for over a decade and of the wider Bombardier Transportation be interesting as it won’t be defined by the new systems have adopted the idea in Spain, group it can happily supply turnkey rail mode but by the city and its environment.” Dubai and, most recently, Brazil. solutions, but we must remember that this is The clever bit of the portfolio is still the However, one of the most exciting not a car, van, truck or bus manufacturer and inductive charging solution, however, innovations – and one that is genuinely so relies on close pan-industry partnerships. and this is what we saw on Mannheim’s unique in passenger transport terms – is For example, the e-buses supplied to the demanding 9km (5.6-mile) bus route 63. Bombardier’s ‘Premium’ PRIMOVE that German cities of Braunschweig and Berlin Operated by regional transport authority promises no physical connection in use base vehicles from Polish manufacturer Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr (RNV) since 2015, it recharging a vehicle’s traction batteries. Solaris and Vossloh-Kiepe traction is not the first e-bus passenger service of its First revealed in 2008, this technology equipment, while the variants in Bruges kind (that honour fell to Braunschweig in has taken a while to reach maturity but is (Belgium) use Van Hool buses, EMROL March 2014) but it is the closest to a ‘full’ now in everyday use with e-buses in three batteries and Siemens propulsion systems. system with PRIMOVE batteries, propulsion German cities and one in Belgium, and Likewise, car and van trials with Mercedes systems and charging infrastructure – has undertaken successful tram trials in and Volvo have taken place and the latest although even then it uses 12m buses from Augsburg, Germany. e-truck tests are a partnership with Scania. Swiss builder Hess as base vehicles. Across a wider suite of products, the firm Amongst its seven trial and passenger Utilising the principles of resonant aims to deliver electrified city transport services, the inductive charging solution inductive coupling (much like an electric across all modes – tram, bus, truck, van and has covered over 360 000 vehicle/km and toothbrush), the magnetic field generated car – and TAUT was invited to its worldwide counting with almost 100 000 charge cycles. by the primary coil can be passed over competence centre on Neustadter Strasse in short distances through two coupled, yet Mannheim, Germany, to find out more... How it works unconnected permanent magnets that are A range of batteries are available, from 3.6 ‘tuned’ to each other. This is used to transfer What is PRIMOVE? and 7.2kwh units used in cars and light alternating current from the ground (high The PRIMOVE offering is far more than just commercial vehicles to 60 and 90kwh power cabling is buried at a depth of up the innovative inductive (wireless) charging versions for e-buses (arranged in either two or to 60mm under the road surface in a pad first suggested by a team of Bombardier three-pack units) and 50kwh versions (again measuring 5m x 2m x 0.25m) to a secondary engineers almost a decade ago. While this used in pairs) to power rail vehicles. coil in the form of a pickup mounted is the sexiest iteration in the range, the Of Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) underneath the vehicle. System efficiency has company fully accepts that mass adoption of Lithium-Ion construction, the batteries are been proven at over 90% in comparison to this top-end solution could take more time. smaller, lighter and more compact, reducing traditional physical connections, and shows In more practical terms, PRIMOVE is the weight and therefore the need for structural no losses even in extreme weather conditions name given to Bombardier’s ‘e-mobility’ modification to any given vehicle. Control such as heavy snow or any covering of the road suite for surface transportation that falls into systems feature liquid-cooling and remote surface. High battery efficiency is also shown two main categories: batteries and charging monitoring and are claimed to offer a lifetime in that only 2% of charge is lost overnight. solutions. The addition of energy-saving of ten years and the ability to recharge very Seven of route 63’s stops (from a total of MITRAC propulsion technologies gives rapidly, as little as 30 seconds in some cases. 22) are equipped with the charging pads, another pair of key criteria, the delivery of As Director of Product Management buried in a concrete shell that makes them electricity for traction use… and also saving it. Christian Köbel told the UK Light tamper-proof, safe and effectively invisible.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 381 Catenary-free operation

ABOVE: The PRIMOVE pickup just visible below a stationary e-bus in Mannheim. Charging takes two minutes.

LEFT: Georg Hertweck of RNV stands by the almost invisible buried charging pad at the operator’s Möhlstrasse depot. The system’s cooling equipment is in the small kerbside cabinet. Both: G. Butler

Cooling equipment is located in pavement- The benefits for trams The firm states that it believes that China mounted cabinets and wayside electronics Although yet to deliver a 100% catenary-free is leading the way in the implementation of (measuring 2.5m x 1m x 1m) are also buried tram service with inductive technology, such catenary-free technologies to help out of sight. For rail use, the seven-tonne a pilot project in the German city of solve its significant air pollution challenges. modular pad is installed between the rails Augsburg in September 2010 saw the Used with Bombardier’s MITRAC energy and can be covered in any surface (for installation of the contactless solution on storage and regenerative braking, energy example, grass) without interfering with the 800m at the end of the line 3 near the Messe savings of up to 30% over a conventional power transfer. This is a big tick in the box in Augsburg exhibition centre. Eight-metre cable system have been realised in Nanjing. terms of delivering a less visually-intrusive sections were laid between the rails with solution to overhead catenary systems. the pickup underneath a modifiedFlexity The future The wayside electronics communicate low-floor tram incorporating the secondary After spending a little time with Automotive with the vehicle so the pad only activates winding in the same way as onboard the Business Development Director Peter Stolte when the vehicle is above it. Once stopped, e-bus. Inverters in waystations along the track and Business Leader Jérémie Desjardins it is the electrically-operated pickup is deployed are connected to the 750V dc power supply. clear that the roadmap for the division sees from the underside of the bus to around Using a dynamic system – unlike the static public transport as just the beginning of the 20mm above the road surface. Charging takes system currently implemented for the e-bus aspiration for PRIMOVE. around two minutes (this is dependent on – when the tram passed over the sections the The urban rail market is simply too small the individual vehicle, distance between same process of conversion from magnetic to define the future of the technology, but by stops, passenger loading and line field to traction power took place. This developing a set of modular principles and a topography). The 660V dc batteries same vehicle – with the pickup removed – common infrastructure that can be applied themselves are designed as plug ‘n’ play completed a 41.6km (26-mile) run solely on to road and rail, passenger and freight and units weighing approximately 700kg and are battery power in November 2015, a trial that public and private transport, the ambitions optimised for opportunity charging. the firm claims as a new record. for the technology are high. The automobile A simple screen in the cab keeps the Modular construction allowed for over battery and charging infrastructure side of driver informed of charging progress. 60% of the system to be pre-assembled and the business is at the production-ready stage A similar pad exists in RNV’s combined tested off-site before installation and as and serial development is ongoing with a Möhlstrasse bus and tram depot. RNV – also no equipment falls outside of the vehicle major manufacturer for incorporation into the homologation partner for the e-bus trials envelope, no additional land or foundations showroom-ready vehicles “sometime in using a Rampini vehicle – is full of praise for were required. Although the Augsburg trial late 2017 or early 2018”. The scaling up of the system and also uses a Mercedes Vito van was on reserved track, this lack of extra manufacturing capacity this will require is with similar capabilities (240km/150-mile groundworks could provide significant in progress. range) for service and delivery work across its benefits in terms of both space and reduced In the grand scale of the transport industry public transport network. disruption for tight urban environments. these are relatively modest targets, but look a A key advantage of inductive transfer is While the Augsburg trial used the little further forward and the firm is targeting the lack of moving parts and minimised ‘Premium’ inductive charging system, the a 50/50 split between manufacturing for exposed components, almost entirely Hexi Tram line in Nanjing, China, that automobile and bus. eliminating wear and tear from both opened in 2014 operates as a 90% CFO using While commercial confidentiality prevents operation and the elements. Also, with PRIMOVE batteries. Recharging takes place both Stolte and Desjardins from disclosing reduced radiated emissions, the system is via pantograph at stops along the 7.8km exact figures for either the additional compliant with all applicable standards for (4.8-mile) route, taking around 45 seconds capital expenditure or lifecycle costs for the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), in to provide enough energy for a 32.5m Flexity ‘Premium’ PRIMOVE system, both said that it particular the guidelines of the International 2 tram within the dwell times and to a is the aim to achieve comparable equivalent Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation seven-minute headway. Longer recharges are costs to catenary or plug-in solutions over a Protection. As such it will not interfere provided at the line’s end points, with these vehicle’s lifecycle in the near future, to put with devices such as mobile phones or deeper cycles taking around ten minutes. inductive charging technology into the mass heart pacemakers for anyone on or near an Each 100% low-floor Hexi tram uses two market for both public and private transport. inductively-charged vehicle. 532V dc 50kwh battery packs mounted on “Changing the public perception of electric The project (like the e-bus programme the roof (in paired units, making 200kwh per transport is the most difficult task,” Stolte told in Braunschweig) is funded by the German five-section tram), which weigh a combined TAUT – this may take a little more time… Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital 1.2 tonnes. These also supply the tram’s Infrastructure and is a collaboration onboard systems, including heating and Grateful thanks are due to Johanna Schönberg, between Bombardier, RNV, the city of air-conditioning. Adding equipment for Markus Klohr, Dietmar Grenda, Jérémie Mannheim and the Karlsruhe Institute of full catenary-free operation using inductive Desjardins and Peter Stolte of Bombardier and Technology. charging would add another 800kg. George Hertweck and Sebastian Menges of RNV.

382 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org BERLIN: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE PART ONE

In the first of a two-part special focus on Berlin, Tony Streeter or nearly eight decades, the initials BVG have meant the ability of examines the history of the world’s oldest tramway, its ongoing generations of Berliners to travel modernisation programme and its plans for the future. by U-Bahn, tram and bus. These days, the bright yellow colour Fthat is integral to the brand of Berlin’s own municipalised transport company is part of the sights of the German capital city as much as red buses are in London. That is unlikely to change any time soon: on 7 January 2016 Berlin Senators and the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe signed their intention to see the BVG’s responsibility for city transport run until 2035. The current arrangement lasts until 2020, but the agreement in-principle to the direct allocation of a contract for another 15 years gives stability and allows the organisation to plan and invest for the medium term. It is also likely to give reassurance to the BVG’s more than 14 000 employees, of which around 400 are trainees.

TOP: Alexanderplatz is a hub of the current system and also of future development as tram, bus, U-Bahn and S-Bahn services meet in the centre of Berlin. The BVG’s largest current project involves extension of U5 from here to meet U55 at Bundestag.

LEFT: Friedrichstrasse is one of the oldest and most intensively-used stations in central Berlin. A key interchange point, during the Cold War it was located in East Berlin, but as a border station continued to be served by S-Bahn and U-Bahn trains from the west.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 383 Part of the agreement with the city, (the 2014 figure was EUR131.6m), with formulated through a ‘letter of intent’, has EUR66.7m spent on stations (including THE BVG IN FIGURES seen the formation of a new BVG subsidiary to creating barrier-free access) and EUR32.5m PASSENGER JOURNEYS finance the acquisition of new vehicles – from on maintenance and building of tunnels. Total: 1.01bn 2020 Berlin’s senate will take on the interest Since 2015, the U-Bahn has been controlled U-Bahn: 534.5m and depreciation of these new acquisitions. from an operations centre in . It is estimated that the municipal operator The new facility includes a 400m2 operations Bus (and ferry): 418.5m will need around EUR3bn for replacement room with 21 workstations and replaces the Tram: 187.1m of U-Bahn trains and trams over the 2020-35 previous centre in Potsdamer Straße. Punctuality (2015): 91.1% (2014 91.7%) period; the average age of cars on its so-called However, the BVG’s biggest ongoing project Source: Adapted from BVG’s Zahlenspiegel 2016, Großprofil U-bahn lines (which take vehicles is extending line U5 from Alexanderplatz with information as at 31 December 2015. 2.65m-wide) is 29 years, with the equivalent to meet the current U55 at Bundestag and age of the narrower (2.3m) Kleinprofil route thereby connect Berlin Hauptbahnhof to cars being almost as high at 27 years. the main U-Bahn network. Berlin’s new main Using subsidiaries for specific activities is not line station opened in 2006; it is planned a new innovation; for example some drivers that the EUR525m U5 project will be finished are formally employed by a different one – for 2020. The equivalent investment figure the 100% BVG-owned BT (Berlin Transport). for the tramway in 2015 was just EUR20.8m (EUR27.2m in 2014). A billion passengers… and rising While it had already been served by Investment in the future is particularly tramline M5 since December 2014, August important for BVG given a growing demand, 2015 was symbolically significant as it brought with annual passenger numbers having the formal opening of the new tramway to now broken through the one billion mark. Berlin Hauptbahnhof. The new main station The figure reached 1.01bn in 2015, up from in the German capital had opened in 2006 at ABOVE: The multi-modal fahrCard was introduced in 977.8m the previous year and 947.3m in 2013. a point where the former ‘East’ and ‘West’ met 2013 across the Verkehrsverbund Berlin- Passenger kilometres delivered by the (see part two), but had not previously been (VBB) transport authority. BVG BVG’s various forms of transport have also connected to the tramway network. The same been rising, to 4.4bn in 2015 (up from 4.26bn year also brought the delivery of the 100th in 2014 and 4.16bn in 2013). In terms of Bombardier Flexity Berlin as part of an ongoing individual modes, the U-Bahn metro system fleet renewal programme. accounted for more than half the total figure, A further EUR67.1m (EUR8.7m in 2014) at 2.43bn (2.35bn in 2014 and 2.28bn in went into U-Bahn operations, and EUR84.3m 2013), while the tramway registered 575.6m (EUR54.4m in 2014) into tramway operations. in 2015 (557.1m in 2014 and 538.1m in 2013). In this financial year, the BVG is expected to That growth is expected to continue, and deliver a surplus of just over EUR13m, with it is against this background that investment investments expected to cost EUR273.9m for is being made under the Wachsende Stadt infrastructure and EUR170m for vehicles. (‘growing city’) programme. Under a deal As with other transport operators in Berlin agreed in 2013, extra funds have been made and the surrounding state of Brandenburg, available and with up to EUR7.5m available the BVG comes under the Verkehrsverbund in 2015, the BVG actually drew down EUR7m Berlin-Brandenburg transport authority, for running increased mileages across U-Bahn, which among other things maintains a tram and bus services. common fare structure. Including the money needed for Wachsende Following trials with 6000 passengers Stadt – but excluding that for new vehicles – it in late 2011, January 2013 saw another is foreseen that the BVG will need EUR600m innovation with the widespread introduction per annum in the 2020-2035 period. Also of the VBB fahrCard as a cross-organisation listed as part of the proposed agreement is an initative across the VBB authority. The intention that the percentage of the BVG’s specifications of the core application are finance that it generates itself will climb to laid out by the VDV eTicket Service & Co. 62% from the current 57% – and that this will KG under its unified platform. The BVG certainly not be allowed to fall below 55%. In smartphone app FahrInfo Plus – available ABOVE: A plaque near the Lichterfede Ost railway 2015 (which brought fare increases of 2.3%), for iOS, Android and Windows phone and station celebrates the world's first electric tramway application. Dubravko49 via WikiCommons planned fares income of EUR658.9m was already downloaded 1.5 million times – actually beaten by more than EUR13m. includes timetable information, maps and Of the EUR402.2m invested in 2015, ticket purchasing. EUR148.1m went into U-Bahn infrastructure VBB ticket revisions take place in January.

ABOVE: Construction of the Berlin Hbf tramstop in summer 2015.

RIGHT: Flexity Berlin 4014 and 4015 – two of the shorter five-section bi-directional vehicles delivered in 2013 – at the temporary terminus at Nordbahnhof before the line opened through to Hbf.

384 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org ‘Greening’ the transport offering The BVG takes a comprehensive approach to its attempts to be environmentally friendly – from its use of electric vehicles to the laying of ‘green track’. Given that both the U-Bahn and tram networks are electrically-powered, a majority of BVG customers already use electric transport. However, by the end of 2016 the organisation is to equip itself with 100 electric road vehicles for internal purposes, replacing combustion engined equivalents. Electrification is coming to other aspects of the BVG’s operations, too: in 2015 it introduced Solaris Urbino 12 buses fitted with the PRIMOVE wire-free system and Vossloh Kiepe electrical equipment to line 204 between Südkreuz and Zoologischer Garten and in 2014 it brought four solar-powered ferries into service. The Neue Berliner Straßenbahngleis (‘new Berlin tramway track’) is a form of grassed track, and in 2016 the BVG offered explanatory ABOVE: Betriebshof on Siegfriedsrasse is a gigantic tram/bus depot and maintenance facility tours together with the Grüngleisnetzwerk that opened in 1913. Seen here in 2013 stabling Tatra, GT6 and Flexity Berlin trams, Lichtenberg also played host and the Humboldt University’s Institute of to the 2016 TRAM-EM European Tramdriver Championships. BVG/Oliver Lang Agricultural and Urban Ecological Projects, its partners in the project. For more on the Grüngleisnetzwerk – or ‘green track network’ – see the feature in TAUT 904 (April 2013). The tours formed part of the Langen Tag der Stadtnatur (‘long day of town nature’), which has taken place since 2007. Further, the recent rebuilding of the U-Bahnhof at Bayerischer Platz has been done with environmental considerations in mind: the reconstruction brought grass roofs as well as heat pumps that in summer draw cool air out of the tunnels and into the station, and warm air in in winter. Other green aspects include regenerative braking on vehicles, and the introduction of ‘intelligent’ washing facilities that re-use water.

Bold customer service policies ABOVE: Tatra GT4D 9088 (delivered in 1984 and modernised at Bautzen in 1996) enters a section of grass Many transport concerns, rightly, place track upon leaving the then-new interchange at the extremity of lines 61/63 in April 2011. Green track a heavy focus on customer service – but now accounts for around a third of the BVG network's segregated alignments. probably few would trust themselves to run a campaign boldly entitled ‘because we love potential accommodation, but also running you’. However that’s just what the BVG is special bus services. doing with ‘Weil wir dich lieben’. The BVG also maintains a ‘customer BUSES AND BOATS… The message has gone out through council’ of 30 passengers that meets four While the focus of this publication is the city’s advertisements in cinemas, on poster times a year. Membership is voluntary and metro and light rail transport, the BVG is also hoardings and via social media; it has its own runs for two years. a major bus operator. The organisation’s bus YouTube channel, and a dedicated page on network covers 151 routes (62 at night), and it the BVG website. The campaign logo is an A complex history has 1392 vehicles. There are also six ferry routes (three of which run seasonally, March-October). adaptation of the standard BVG motif – with The yellow BVG branding gives a uniform Neil Pulling the normal square yellow background behind impression across its networks, but look more the black ‘BVG’ initials changed to the shape deeply and the separate – and at times even of a heart. Recent initiatives include sending competing – histories of the various parts are leather-clad men onto public transport to give still very visible. Not only between modes. people a hug – in return passengers received Arguably no recent period of history has a day ticket. Another recent effort used a shaped the face of Berlin more than the Cold celebrity video targeting fare evasion. War that spans out from the collapse of Nazi Printed matter includes a monthly Germany – and that is true not only of the magazine, PLUS, as well as regular travel place itself, but its transport systems as well. All information, in handouts known as navi. of a sudden, a city that had organically grown Both these can also be downloaded as PDFs. over decades was split into a capitalist west In order to access West Berlin, long- In April 2016, Lichtenberg depot – one of and a communist east – streets were truncated, distance trains and road traffic ran along the largest tramway facilities in the world families separated, as the city divided into specific corridors. Within the city, services – hosted the fifth TRAM-EM European competing, mutually distrustful worlds. were truncated at the new border while Tramdriver Championships, with a team That split equally affected the city’s stops situated the ‘wrong’ side of the fence from Budapest taking the honours for a transportation – and especially with the on through U-Bahn and S-Bahn routes were second time, having won the inaugural building of the Berlin Wall in 1961. The closed and guarded, becoming Berlin’s championship in Dresden in 2012. American, British and French sectors that famous Geisterbahnhöfe (ghost stations). Community engagement runs further collectively made up West Berlin became Further changes followed as the two than just traditional customer initiatives: a a landlocked ‘island’, politically separate now separate sides increasingly pursued major challenge for German towsnand cities but closely allied with West Germany – and disparate transport policies. So, fed with in recent months has been coping with a surrounded by fortifications dividing it western money and keen to develop into huge influx of refugees; and the BVG has from the Soviet sector of East Berlin, and the a modern car-based city, in the 1950s and assisted not only through the identification of German Democratic Republic. 1960s West Berlin gradually closed down its

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 385 LEFT: One of the first GT6 deliveries from AEG (later models were built by Adtranz and later still Bombardier) 1031 is on Eberswalde Strasse, a busy interchange between high-frequency ‘Metrotram’ services, regular routes and the elevated U2 station.

BELOW: Tatra KT4D vehicles are now far outnumbered by newer low-floor trams but 79 remain in the BVG fleet. They are all due to be replaced by late 2017. T. Streeter

BELOW: The 150th anniversary in June 2015 saw an impressive roster on display: double-deck horse car 627 of 1890 and Flexity Berlin 9035 are seen in Alexanderplatz with Gotha-built Grossraum bogie car 218 001 just visible behind. M. Russell

once extensive tramway network. In its place Electrification of the city network took place strong: a section of the terminal loop near came not only road infrastructure to support from 1895, with the last horse trams running Museumsinsel for routes M1 and M12 on enhanced bus services, but to an extent also in 1910. As in so many other places, services Dorotheenstraße has been in use since 1865 – improvements and extensions to the U-Bahn. were initially provided by a variety of private other than during the tramway’s suspension However, in close geographic proximity to operators. As for the municipal operator at the end of World War Two. This gives this capitalist model, the German Democratic Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, this itself has a long Berlin’s tramway another record, for the Republic (GDR) authorities were investing history going back to 1928 when the city’s oldest section of original street track stil in heavily in mass transit, socialist style. The various tramway, U-Bahn and bus operations use anywehere in the world. answer here was minimal in terms of new were merged. However the survival of the Last year, Berlin’s tramway celebrated its U-Bahn infrastructure, with a focus instead letters ‘BVG’ is somewhat anachronistic, since 150th anniversary in some style – see TAUT on the development and expansion of the they relate to its first name (Berliner Verkehrs 933 (September 2015). tramway, which grew to serve new high- Aktiengesellschaft), which disappeared as concentration housing developments. early as 1938 when the organisation was Survivors from the East municipalised as Berliner Verkehrs-Betriebe. The transport of surplus Tatra vehicles from Post reunification Postwar, the BVG was split into western and Germany’s largest tramway has become a Since Germany’s unification in 1990 much eastern organisations, the latter subsequently familiar sight over a number of years as Berlin’s of the story has been about putting these being renamed and taking on the initials trams have found useful new lives further east. networks back together again – as well as ‘BVB’ in the process. The current merged While some bright yellow Tatras currently modernisation in the former East. Now Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe dates from a remain in service in the capital, the aim of a though, it is increasingly about investment to reorganisation that followed Germany’s completely low-floor, barrier-free tramway is meet passenger demand, which is rising and unification in 1990. now close with continuing deliveries of new expected to continue to do so. Bombardier Flexity Berlin vehicles. If recent prognoses prove correct, that is Respecting the heritage fleet July 2014 brought the end of the Tatra likely to be driven at least in part by population Reminders of the early years have not entirely KT4Dt in regular service, and final elimination growth. Although figures have varied, Berlin’s disappeared. Operational tramcars in the of high-floor sets in timetabled use could population has moved within a band of city’s historic collection are now housed at come in 2017. That is when the last of 138 roughly 3m-3.5m people since the end of Köpenick in the south-east of the city. They production versions of Flexity Berlin vehicles World War Two. However that is now expected were formerly at Niederschönhausen. The (four pre-series examples were delivered in to move closer towards 4m, a boost coming vehicles are in the care of the Denkmalpflege- 2008) are to be delivered. In addition to the partially due to new inhabitants arriving as Verein Nahverkehr Berlin eV, as are the non- 150 GT6N-family trams delivered from 1994, part of the influx of refugees into Germany. operational cars now housed at Nalepastraße. this should finally make surplus the last of Yet the history of Berlin’s tram and U-Bahn Separately, the world’s oldest surviving the Communist era-designed trams that have networks goes back much further. Horse trams tramcar, horse-drawn Berliner Pferde- been a big part of Berlin’s daily life for so long. first ran here in the mid-19th Century, and the Eisenbahn Gesellschaft car 1, is housed in The total number of trams involved electric tram era arrived at a point then just the Deutsches Technikmuseum (German also gives an indication of how the fleet outside Berlin, courtesy of Werner Siemens in technical museum) in Berlin-. has shrunk over the years – at the time of 1881. The demonstration of It was built by Lauenstein (Hamburg) as part Germany’s unification it stood at more than 12 May 1881 set the course for cities around of the original 1865 fleet. 1000; around 300 are now required to run a the world in terms of electrified street There is also one part of the tramway’s regular schedule although the newest trams traction; regular passenger service began four infrastructure on which the link to the offer a much greater capacity that the Tatra days later. The rest, as they say, is history. tramway’s earliest history is particularly vehicles they replace. Service is reduced

386 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org WE MOVE CITIES

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The southern terminus of lines 61-63 at Karl Ziegler Strasse is one recent addition Bombardier Flexity Berlin vehicles are being delivered in various configurations; to the network, opening in September 2011. Tatra 6151 has since been withdrawn five-section 4015 is at Nordbahnhof in June 2015. Bodyshells are manufactured in and the line is now mostly operated by low-floor stock. Bautzen, with final assembly 20km north-west of Berlin in Hennigsdorf. slightly during school holiday periods due to Most notable has been the creation of the been suggested that this route could form a reduced passenger loadings. line to connect Berlin Hauptbahnhof that is springboard for more expansion into what The Flexity Berlin – the version for this now reached by lines M5, M8 and M10. had once been the tram-free West Berlin. city of the now familiar product from the At peak periods the city’s main station Despite projects such as this, the decades Canadian manufacturer – has been delivered is served by a tram nearly every three of postwar development mean that the in different lengths, at 31m and 40m, with minutes. The new line runs between the vast majority of the network remains in the either five or seven sections and in both Naturkundemuseum U-Bahn station and the former East Berlin even today. In geographic single- and bidirectional versions. Top speed Hbf, before taking a loop to return it in the terms (rather than outdated political is 70km/h (43mph). The version delivered to direction from which it came. Of the total descriptions) trams primarily serve the Berlin is a result of close consultation between 3.4km (2.1-mile) length, the 2.3km (1.4 miles) eastern, south-eastern and northern parts of the BVG and Bombardier and follows the between Naturkundemuseum and Hbf is the city with their concentrated housing. In Bauhaus aesthetic; this design has since won double-track, the remainder being single. such areas a spider’s web of routes helps fill many awards. Early versions were constructed While the connection to Berlin’s new the gaps and act as feeders between U-Bahn entirely in Bautzen with later production cars primary station is easily the highest- and S-Bahn lines in a way that for the last being assembled more locally in Hennigsdorf. profile piece of new infrastructure, it is not 50 years buses have had to do in the west. necessarily the most significant. Other In addition, the tramway has significant Infrastructure developments expansion has included running a new line penetration of the historic centre of Berlin New vehicles are not the only sources of from Bornholmer Straße to , around Alexanderplatz and Hackescher change in recent years. There has been which became the very first route into the Markt, which fell on the eastern side of the major infrastructure work – and whereas the former West when it opened in 1995. Neither border in the Cold War and which is now closures of the 1950s and 1960s left West has the story purely been about reaching back undergoing a renaissance as part of a reunited Berlin completely without a tramway, this out from the former East Berlin: expansion German capital. has slowly been changed since unification. has taken place in the tramway’s core area Today, the tramway totals some 300km too, notably including from Adlershof S-Bahn (186 miles) of route, with the vast majority station to the Humboldt University campus being double-track. Around 40% of the THE BVG TRAM NETWORK 1.5km (0.9 miles) away, which opened in 2011. network uses embedded track, with 60% Other short extensions have been on segregated alignments. Around 35km M1: Schillerstraße – Am Kupfergraben undertaken to ease end-to-end travel, by (22 miles) of tramway tracks are grassed – M2: – Alexanderplatz bringing tram stops closer to access points for just under a third of the segregated tracks. M4: /Hohenschönhausen – Hackescher Markt other modes. At Alexanderplatz , new stops As befits such a large network, Berlin has M5: Hohenschönhausen – Hbf have brought greater ease of interchange a history of building big depots. The largest M6: – Hackescher Markt between the tramway and railway of various today is the 25-track , which was M8: Ahrensfelde/Stadtgrenze – Hbf kinds at this important hub – and trams also opened as part of the expansion of the M10: Hbf – Warschauer Straße returned to the square itself in 1998. tramway in the eastern part of the city in M13: – Warschauer Straße As with any of the world’s great tramways, the 1980s and has capacity for 300 vehicles. M17: Falkenberg – Schöneweide Berlin continues to evolve and the changes There are four other depots (Köpenick, 12: Weißensee – Am Kupfergraben 16: Ahrensfelde/Stadtgrenze – Frankfurter Allee to infrastructure have not finished with Lichtenberg, Nalepastraße, Weißensee) of 18: Hellersdorf – Springfuhl the projects outlined above. Planning is which Lichtenberg was the world’s biggest 21: Lichtenberg – Schöneweide currently underway for a new 1.8km when it opened more than a century ago. 27: Weißensee – Krankenhaus Köpenick (1.1-mile) line in the eastern part of the city, to The basis of the current scheme of services 37: Lichtenberg/Gudrunstraße – Schöneweide run Markstraße – Ostkreuz – Wühlischplatz. dates from a revamp in the early 21st Century. 50: Französisch Buchholz – Virchow Klinikum A key reason for this project is to be able to Routes include the so-called ‘Metrotram’ 60: – 61: Adlershof – better serve the key interchange at Ostkreuz, lines, which carry the ‘M’ prefix and are 62: Wendenschloß – S a station that brings together various denoted by an italicised white ‘M’ in a square 63: Adlershof – S Köpenick (– Mahlsdorf) S-Bahn services as well as regional heavy rail orange box in publicity; Metrobuses use a very 67: S Schöneweide – Krankenhaus Köpenick trains, and which is currently undergoing similar logo, but with the M in a circle. Metro 68: S Köpenick – Alt-Schmöckwitz complete reconstruction. The new route will tram routes maintain comparatively frequent Routes: 22 (night – 9), of which nine (day and allow direct travel between there and both services, with a tram at a minimum of every night) are ‘MetroLinien’ Lichtenberg and . ten minutes during the day, and a half-hourly Route length: 300km/186 miles (night – timetable maintained even through the 110km/68 miles) Moving further westward night. ‘Normal’ routes – not prefixed ‘M’ – Vehicles: 351 (79 Tatra KT4D; 105 AEG/Adtranz Also under discussion is a further extension may have a lower service frequency and do GT6/GT6–NU single-ended; 45 Adtranz/ westwards, which would run 2.2km (1.4 miles) not have 24-hour services. Bombardier GT6-98ZR/GT6-99ZR/GT6-ZO from the Hbf to serve the suburb of double-ended; 34 Bombardier Flexity Berlin F6 All images by Neil Pulling unless stated. double-ended; 40 Flexity Berlin F8 single-ended; north of . This new line Grateful acknowledgement is given to Jannes 48 Flexity Berlin F8 double-ended – which would be served by M10 services Depots: 5 running on segregated formation – could Schwentuchowski and his colleagues at BVG. open as soon as 2020 at a project cost of (Correct as of August 2016) NEXT MONTH: BVG and Berlin’s U-Bahn around EUR20m-EUR25m. It has also

390 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Debrecen

Debrecen’s tramway remains the smallest of Hungary’s four systems SYSTEMS Debrecen even after recent expansion. HUNGARY FACTFILE Modernisation has however No. Debrecen, bolstered its role as 108 Hungary the network’s north-south axis.

he main city of the ABOVE: The tramway Northern Great Plain helps to keep central Region, Debrecen Debrecen alive but calm is capital of Hajdú- as a main thoroughfare. The Great Reformed Bihar administrative Church dominates the county,T the eastern part of which main square, Kossuth tér. borders . Debrecen's urban population of around 210 000 is RIGHT: Városháza spread over a wide level area with few (Old City Hall), one of tall buildings. It is 220 km (138 miles) several closely spaced east of Budapest. stops along Piac utca. Debrecen appears on the municipal Service intensity on the website as a “city in the eastern combined lines on this section is apparent. periphery of the country,” a modest summary for a place of national significance – it is however consistent with Debrecen not looking or feeling like it being the Hungarian second city. Once Hungary’s biggest community, and twice acting as its Words and pictures by capital, Debrecen developed through Neil Pulling.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 391 Debrecen

commerce, religion and by being an administrative centre; heavy Doberdó utca industry did not hold a strong Kartács utca Klinikák presence, a situation easing the 2 building of Debrecen’s modern Árpád Vezér Általános Iskola tourist trade. The long-established Csokonai V.M. Egyetem university contributes to the Gimnázium atmosphere and helps underpin 1 Görgey u. Károlyi Aquaticum today’s broad-based local economy. Mihályi u. Its small central area is elegant and unhurried, a fitting ambience for another identity, that of spa resort. Nagyerdei körút DAB-székház Medgyessy City-owned Debreceni sétány Vagyonkezelő Zrt is the holding company of the public transport body. Trams, buses and trolleybuses are operated by Debreceni Dienes László Andaháziu./ Gimnázium Wesprémy u. Közlekedési Zrt (DKV) whose roots lay in the transition from horse power to steam in 1884, with electric Nádor utca services starting in March 1911. The system was nationalised in Bem tér 1950 and a 36.2km (22.6-mile) peak length was reached in 1956. Closures Dórsa György u. Honvéd u./ took six lines down to one by 1975, Eötvös u. a situation existing until 2014. DKV’s bus and trolleybus operations saw modernisation early in the 21st Century and the tramway’s turn Csemete u. came in 2010 with a project about 80% financed by the European Hunyadi Kálvin tér János u. Community. An entirely new line 2 replaced two of Debrecen’s busiest bus routes and also modernised the Kossuth tér system overall. The original line 2 on a different route had closed in 1956. Városháza Delays including disputes over fleet procurement led to public services on the new line only starting in Szent Anna u. February 2014. Debrecen’s current lines 1 and 2 both run north-south overall, Vásáry István u. being combined over the southern section. Here the terminus for both

1 Nagyállómás 2 THE FLEET DEPOT The main provider of line 1 services are two-section, six-axle articulated KCSV6-1S (21.7m long and 2.5m wide) that entered service between February and June 1997. Prototype KCSV6-1 no.500 is mainly distinguished externally from the production series by its deeper end windows. The spacious layout with a wide central floor space that leads from the four double doors per side assumes a high proportion of standing passengers; they are signed for 28 seats and 135 standing places. Where applied, side panel advertising leaves the vehicle ends in the distinctive blue and white livery adopted for the type. Built in Zaragoza, Spain, Debrecen's CAF Urbos 3 with five modules is 32.4m long and 2.65m wide. They have four double-leaf and two single-leaf doors per side; capacity 173 standing, 48 seated. Primarily for line 2, they also appear on line 1 where they were initially tested. Lower side panels retain the blue and white of the KCSV-6 trams, but rich yellow with a gold silhouette of a phoenix, the city Nagyállomás Villamos, southern terminus of both lines. The main railway station is in the background, with bus stops emblem, dominates the livery. to the left.

392 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org

“Debrecen developed through commerce, religion, and by being an administrative centre.” lines is a double track loop on Petőfi tér (square) outside the main station. Accommodated in a small example of the city’s many fine buildings, a DKV information office faces the station entrance, set between the separate arrival and departure platforms for each of the two lines. The principal railway station status – Nagyállomás – is the name used as the destination for southbound trams on both lines and also for the adjoining bus station. The distinction of Villamos (electrical/ tram) is added in timetables to denote the tram area. ABOVE: City- The two lines share tracks for bound on line 1, around 1.6km (one mile), this distance Urbos 526 is at including six stops and the heart Andaházi utca. With of the city along Piac utca (Market a staggered layout, Street) and including Kossuth tér. the corresponding This showpiece open space widens northbound from near the white tower of the Small platform is Reformed Church and Városháza (Old Weszprémi utca. Town Hall) towards a city symbol, LEFT: 519 takes the Nagytemplom (Great Reformed line 2 northern loop Church). It is the type of setting that near Csokonai Vitéz has been used elsewhere to justify Mihály Gimnázium, wire-free operation, but here the style with the return track of earlier years has been perpetuated just behind the tram. to good effect in the form of masts BELOW: The and other metalwork embellishments. junction of lines 1 The junction of the two lines is where and 2 is just behind Hunyadi János utca (street) crosses KCSV6-1S 505 and Péterfia utca near Kálvin tér stop. 509 at Kálvin tér.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 393 Debrecen

NETWORK FACTS Opened: 1863 (electrification from 1911) Lines: 2 Distance: Line 1, 4.4 km (2.75 miles); Line 2, 5.0 km (3.13 miles) – approx. 1.6km shared. Depots: 1 Approx. weekday hours: 04.00-23.30 Line frequency: From 4 minutes (wide variations) Gauge: 1435mm Power: 600V dc overhead supply Fleet: 29 Network/operator: DKV Debreceni Közlekedési Zrt.

INFORMATION City network: www.dkv.hu Civic information: www.debrecen.hu Tourist information: www.debrecencity.com

ABOVE: KCSV6-1S 502 approaches “The convention of naming Aquaticum on the line 1 loop, where only one track is in normal use.

according to intersections LEFT: Debrecen’s trolleybus operations began in 1985: hybrid Trollino 12D-2 384 means that stops at locations crosses the tramway at Városháza. with staggered platforms can BELOW: Also improving pedestrian and cycle access, the line 2 project was underpinned by have different names for each.” concentrated residential developments: 526 and 518 cross near DAB Szekház.

394 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Aside from tram interchanges, this is according to intersections means a busy location due to it being next to that stops at locations with staggered Debrecen Plaza and near Forum, the platforms can have different names main shopping centres. for each of them. Signs include a single Line 1 is the survivor from the or double M, depending upon whether original system, still linking the that platform may accommodate one station, city centre and the main or two trams. Timetables represent university (Egyetemi) district. both lines as running from and North of central Debrecen, it runs to Nagyállomás, as opposed to down the centre of the broad the nominal outer termini. Line 1 Simonyi út until the tracks diverge duration is 32-36 minutes, with about for a loop around which trams run 20 minutes outbound to Egyetem. anti-clockwise; they use a single The line 2 equivalent is 44 minutes, track although a second remains near 20 minutes to Doberdó utca. Aquaticum stop. Nearby a line that Tram access to the main DKV closed in 1970 diverged to Pallag. compound is by a non-revenue track Not represented as such on diagrams extending west along Ispotály utca aboard older trams, the loop has from the Nagyállomás loop. Part of four stops and encircles the forested the modernisation programme, a new Nagyerdei Park and several spa-related nine-lane tram maintenance centre establishments. A new sports stadium was installed on the very large site opened in 2014 close to Aquaticum, that is also used by trolleybuses on a with university buildings bordering system that opened in 1985. DKV has the track by which point the trams are 46 bus routes and there are 12.2km heading back towards the centre. (7.6 miles) of wired network for the Unlike line 1’s commuter and events trolleybus lines (3, 4, 5) — about demand, line 2 loadings are more three-quarters are diesel hybrids. related to concentrated residential The 1997 production series of Ganz- developments, a key part of the new Hunslet KCSV6-1S (501-510) trams line's rationale. This is apparent followed a prototype, numbered 500, around and within its single-track, delivered in 1993. Proving to be the anti-clockwise loop which comes last trams from the Budapest-based within a short distance of the line 1 company, they were intended to suit ABOVE: Unique to Debrecen, the Ganz-Hunslet KCSV-6S. counterpart. The line 2 loop includes the needs of systems, particularly in the nominal terminus, Doberdó the former Eastern Bloc, which would BELOW: Line 2’s Dózsa György utca northbound platform; almost utca, a pre-existing bus interchange. be replacing old stock. Failing to find end-to-end, the counterpart for the southbound track lies just beyond. As often with housing complexes favour in that respect, these very late resulting from centralised planning, high-floor trams became peculiar there was generous road space around to Debrecen. They overlapped with the developments, a feature assisting outgoing FVV/CSM stock nicknamed the much later tramway installation. ‘Bengáli’, as exemplified by DKV’s Line 2 perpetuates styling features rebuilt and renumbered 489. found elsewhere on the system, but it From a contract in 2011, 18 differs in being built from the outset CAF Urbos 3 trams (511-528) were for high capacity low-floor trams. To received during 2013-14. With easy create a cohesive operation, there was access, 100% low-floor, full upgrading for stops, power supply, air-conditioning and comprehensive control and passenger information onboard communications, the across the system. Urbos fleet represented a significant The present service fleet is bi- upgrade. Although no further system directional, although all termini turn expansion seems imminent, there the trams which are double-sided for are plans to improve facilities at access to the mix of side and island the main station and Petőfi Square platforms. The convention of naming interchange.

ESSENTIAL FACTS Local travel: Although stops and new ticket machines have line diagrams, portable maps do not seem readily available so preparation in this respect is recommended. Ticket range from staffed offices, machines and other outlets designated on the DKV website, some from vehicle driver. Single tickets are HUF300 (EUR1) or from the driver at HUF400 (EUR1.30); network day tickets for 1/3/7 days are HUF1000 (approx. EUR3.20)/2400/3100. Validation required. What is there to see? With vehicle traffic confined to the margins, central Debrecen is a relaxed yet far from moribund focal point, with the tourism office near Városháza stop. Aquaticum Debrecen Thermal and Wellness Hotel is the main spa-based attraction. Run as a tourist attraction from spring to autumn, Zsuzsi Forest Railway has a terminus in the east near the Hortobágy National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Restored as no. 489, the heritage 'Bengáli' CSM-4 returns to the depot after a morning outing on 14 April 2016.

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AUSTRALIA BROADBEACH – SOUTHPORT. The ground-breaking ceremony for the Helensvale light rail extension took place on 5 August. The AUD420m (EUR284m), 7.3km (4.6-mile), line will open in April 2018, in time for the Commonwealth Games. RGI MELBOURNE. Three consortia have been shortlisted for the PPP contract to build a new 9km (5.6-mile) rail tunnel under the city as part of the Metro Rail project. They are Continuum Victoria (Acciona/Honetwell/Downer EDI), Cross Yarra Partnership (John Holland/Bouygues/ Capella) and Moving Melbourne (Pacific Partnerships/CPB/Serco/ Macquarie Capital). Bids must be submitted in early 2017 and it is hoped to start work in 2018. IRJ NEWCASTLE. Downer EDI has been selected by Transport Twelve 55.9m CAF-built trams can now be seen on line 1 in Budapest, and are at present the longest trams in the world. MN for New South Wales to build the infrastructure for the 2.7km Ground-breaking on both projects LRVs. Spring 2018 is the new cities, compared to 45% in 2010. (1.7-mile) light rail line, could take place before the end of target. D. Drum China now has 40 cities with a scheduled to open in 2019. IRJ the 2021 legislative period, for VANCOUVER. The first of seven population of over one million SYDNEY. Tramway construction completion in 2023. Bombardier Mark III four-car population and more than 30 along George St in the city centre Skytrain light metro sets for the metro or tramway systems. is likely to finish five months late BELGIUM Expo Line was unveiled on 18 Four of the world’s top ten due to the number of uncharted BRUXELLES/BRUSSEL. The August. D. Drum busiest metro networks are to utilities discovered during the reconstruction of the tram/ be found in China (Beijing, work. The first tracklaying for bus/train interchange at Gare CHINA Shanghai, Guangzhou and the project started on 8 August in de Berchem was completed on CHANGCHUN. The first of 22 Hong Kong), with Beijing alone Anzac Parade. G. Sutherland 16 August. T-2000 six-car trains built for the new witnessing a 39% ridership GENT. With the opening of metro by CRRC Changchun was increase between 2012 and 2014. AUSTRIA the extension to Zwijnaarde unveiled on 2 August. The new TIANJIN. New metro line 6 from GMUNDEN. 13 August, the day on 6 November, the tram route stock, due to enter service on the Changhong to Nancuiping was of the town’s festival of lights, network becomes as follows: 18.5km (11.6-mile) north–south opened on 6 August, the first part was also marked as the 122nd 1, Evergem – Flanders Expo; line next May, is designed to of what will be a longer 50km anniversary of tramway operation. 4, UZ Gent – Moscou; 21, Melle operate in temperatures as low (31.2-mile) line. urbanrail.net Heritage trams 5 and 100 were on Leeuw – Zwijnaarde; 22, Kouter – as -35°C. RGI XI’A N. The 50.5km display at the lakefront terminus, Gentbrugge. De Lijn CHENGDU. The 20.4km (31.6-mile) metro line 3 (Cepocun and double-ended bogie trams (12.8-mile) metro line 3 from – Xinzhu) was due to open on 8-10 provided passenger service, BULGARIA Chengdu Junqu General Hospital 28 September. urbanrail.net which was free from 16.00 to close SOFIA. A r r i v e d f r o m to Taipingyuan was inaugurated ZHENGZHOU. The city’s second of service. F. Brockmann Praha are Tatra T6 t ra ms on 31 July and is now in trial metro line opened on 19 August. GRAZ. Bombardier has been 8614/5/7/24/7/8/32/51/4/7. The operation; 144 CRRC Changchun The 20.6km (12.9-mile)north– awarded a contract to replace the whole batch will be 4140-59 in the cars with Alstom traction south line from Liuzhuang to traction and control systems on Sofia fleet. DS equipment (1500 V dc) are used in Nansihuan provides interchange ten high-floor500-series trams. six-car trains. urbanrail.net with line 1 at Zijingshan. RGI GRN CANADA INDUSTRY. International public LINZ. The line 4 continuation TORONTO. The boring transport association UITP has CZECH REPUBLIC from Trauner Kreuzung to Schloss machines tunnelling on the announced it is to open a liaison PRAHA (). The often- Traun was planned to open on 10 Eglinton Crosstown light rail office in Shenzhen with the postponed reorganisation of September, adding two new stops line finished their work on support of Shenzhen Metro Group the tram route network finally and a terminus at Traun Castle. 18 August, completing the 10km Co. The new office will be tasked took place on 28 August with the The new 1.5km route is primarily (6.3-mile) subway between Keele with membership relations and following effect: Routes 1, 3, 7-11, double-track laid to 900mm-gauge, St and Laird Drive. The 19km development, the integration of 13, 16, 17, 22, 26 unchanged; with a 400m single-track section (11.9-mile) line is scheduled to Chinese knowledge into the global new 2, Sidlisté Petriny – at Hauptplatz Traun and a further open in 2021. public transport community and Malostranská – Karlovo nám loop at Schloss. This project is Bombardier has been awarded development of UITP activities – Nádrazí Braník; 4, Sídlisté a south-westerly continuation a contract to supply 125 more responding to local requirements. Barrandov – Andel – Chechovo of line 3 from Doberholz to double-deck commuter rail China has enjoyed strong (peaks only); 5, Sídlisté Barrandov Trauner Kreuzung that opened in coaches by Metrolinx, for delivery economic development in recent – Plzenka – Hlavni nádrazí – February 2016. in 2018-20. IRJ, D.Drum years which, despite recent Úsrední Dílny; 6, Kubánské Nám Further development of line 4 to WATERLOO – KITCHENER. slowing, has seen annual GDP – Karlovo nám – Nám Republiky – Ansfelden-Krems is planned, but Tracklaying on the new light rail growth of around 6% since 2011. Pakmovka; 12, Sidlisté Barrandov this would take the line over the line has reached the 50% mark, This growth has gone hand in – Plzenka – Vltavská – V´ystavisté river and is in part dependent on but the 2017 launch target will hand with rapid urbanisation and Holesovice; 14, Sporilov – Karlovo a concurrent plan to build a road not be achieved because of delay by 2030, 60% of the country’s nám – Tusarova Vysocanská; new bypass to use a shared crossing. in delivering the 14 Bombardier population is expected to live in 15, Kotlárka – Malostranské nám

396 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org – Nám Republicky – Olsanské DORTMUND. An emergency Hrbitovy; 18, Nádrazí Podbaba timetable had to be introduced – Hradcanská – Karlovo nám – on lines U43/44 from 24 August Vozovna Pankrác; 20, Divoká because only 28 of the 47 Sárka – Dejvická – Plzenka – Bombardier low-floor trams Sídlisté Barrandov; new 21, delivered in 2007-2010 were fit Kotlárka – Andel – Nádrazi Branik for service, due to extensive rust – Levského (peaks); 24, Kubánské damage on the bogies. Bombardier nám – Karlovo nám – Florenc – is taking the bogies to its plant in Brezineveská (weekdays only); Siegen for refurbishment. 25, extended Obora Hvezda – DRESDEN. Trams resumed Bílá Hora. using the Albertbrücke from Ex-Miskolc KT8 trams 200/4 5 September, on completion of are joining the fleet as 9099/100 rebuilding work. DS after being fitted with new ESSEN/MÜLHEIM/Ruhr. low-floor centre sections at The mayors of Essen and Prague’s Hostivar workshops. Mülheim have agreed to merge Miskolc KT8 205 is likely to their transport undertakings The single-track section of the Linz line 4 extension; buses stop in the direction become 9101. EVAG and MVG from 1 January, of Schloss Traun next to the new tramstop, offering excellent interchange. Lentos A design study has been replacing the VIA holding launched for the future 10.6km company arrangement (which also Greater Dublin area. In the first ISRAEL (6.6-mile) automated metro included Duisburg). The three months of 2016 the number TEL AVIV. Following many line D (Nam Miru – Pisnice). arrangements were due to be of trips taken on the capital’s public delays, it has been announced Opening is unlikely before approved by the respective city transport system rose to 51m, the that the Red light rail line – from 2022-23. A. Prescott, RGI councils on 22-28 September. DS first time the 50m mark had been Petah Tikva to Bnei Brak, Ramat GOTHA. Two Tatra KT4D breached. The increase was despite Gan and Tel Aviv – is ahead of DENMARK trams have been acquired from a series of strikes that halted Luas schedule and should be ready AARHUS. The first of 12 39m (495 and 518), arriving in services on several days, although for passenger operation before Stadler Tango LRVs (2101-12) mid-August. DS the greatest increases were on its October 2021 deadline. The was delivered from Altenrhein, HANNOVER. New Stadtbahn cars Dublin Bus and Irish Rail. majority of the utility relocation Switzerland, on 11 August. up to 3034 had been delivered by Unemployment in the Dublin has been completed, and works The Stadler Variobahn a re HeiterBlick by the end of August. A area is now below 7% with over are now underway on the system’s 1101-14. BT further seven are expected by the 23 000 more in employment than depot and one of the system’s main KØBENHAV N. 3 July saw the end of this year. H. Viersub in the same quarter of 2015. stations at Em Hamoshavot as well opening of Carlsberg station on KÖLN (Cologne). The ninth Population has risen to 1.35m, or as ten other underground station the S-Bane between Valby and refurbished Stadtbahn-B LRV 28.3% of the national population. locations. Dybbølsbro. Enghave station was (2427, ex-2198) entered service on The city has so far approved closed at the same time. BT 5 August. DS ISLE OF MAN three lines in the Tel Aviv area. In NÜRNBERG. 40 low-floor trams DOUGLAS. Six horse trams addition to the Red line, the Green EGYPT built 1995-2000 are to receive were auctioned on 27 August line will run from Rishon Letzion EL QUAHIRA (Cairo). The last of mid-life refurbishment in the on behalf of Douglas Borough to two termini at Herzliya and 20 nine-car metro trains assembled workshops of Iftec in Council. The council says this Ramat Hahayal while the Purple by SEMAF from Hyundai Rotem partnership with Vossloh Kiepe. was part of its package of support line will connect Tel Aviv and parts was delivered to line 1 on The EUR5.1m contract will take measures to assist the Department Yehud to the east. Jerusalem Post 1 August. IRJ six years to fulfil. IRJ of Infrastructure in its running WUPPERTAL. A major system of the horse tram service. ITALY breakdown at Oberbarmen Those auctioned were all Milnes BERGAMO. The province, the . Work started on the depot saw the suspension of cars, comprising a winter saloon city council and TEB have signed EUR11.5m project to extend the Schwebebahn service in the late (28), three bulkhead toast racks an agreement to develop and tramway from Ülemiste to the afternoon of 20 August. Cars on the (33/34/37) and two open toast racks build tramline T2 to Villa d’Alme, airport on 10 August. The 700m line were retrieved to Vohwinkel (39/40), all of which have been out a 9.2km (5.8-mile) branch off (0.44-mile) line is scheduled to depot (driven backwards if of service for some time and are in line T1 at San Fermo. A further 11 open in November 2017; 85% necessary). There was no service need of renovation. A proviso of trams will need to be ordered. TR of the cost is being funded by on 21-22 August, but the fault the sale was that purchasers would MILANO. Work is to resume on the EU. Postimees was rectified for start of service on be willing to commit to the on- the northern extension of metro 23 August. P. Bosbach going preservation of the trams. line M1 after the bankruptcy of the FRANCE The Department of original contractor led to it being LYON. TCL is testing coupled INDIA Infrastructure has said a core stock suspended. The 1.8km (1.1-mile) metro sets on line D to increase DELHI. On 10 August testing of 11 vehicles is all that is needed line runs from Sesto to Monza- capacity on the line, which started on the 5.2km (3.3-mile) to run a service that required a base Bettola, and will cost EUR23.3m carries 273 000 passengers per day. ITO – Kashmere gate section of the level of three trams to maintain to complete in 2017. RGI Passenger service would start in Violet Line metro. IRJ 15-minute headways. TRIESTE. Opicina Stanga 2019 after station alterations are HYDERABAD. Metro operation Meanwhile the horse tramway GDTM trams 404 and 405 carried out. E. Stuart started on 15 August when line celebrated its 140th Anniversary were badly damaged on PARIS. Four more Translohr 3 was inaugurated between on 7 August (see pages 404/405). 16 August due to a head-on vehicles have been ordered for Secunderabad and Nagole. There is still uncertainty over collision on the tramway section. EUR12m to permit a capacity Hyundai Rotem is delivering operations in 2017 and 2018 due Nine people were injured but none increase on line T5, with delivery 57 three-car trains featuring to the lack of decisions on the reported to be seriously so. DS in the last quarter of 2017. automatic train operation. reconstruction of the Promenade Le Parisien urbanrail.net following the resolution by JAPAN Tynwald that tram tracks should TOKYO. New Nippon Sharyo GERMANY IRELAND be provided over the full length 1000 Series trainsets operating on CHEMNITZ. The Vossloh Citylink DUBLIN. Ireland’s recovering through to Victoria Pier. It seems Tokyo Metro’s Ginza line – Tokyo’s tram-trains on lines C13/14/15 will economy has boosted the number likely that a full service will be oldest subway line, first opened in run beyond Hbf into the city centre of journeys made by public possible until reconstruction 1927 – feature onboard emergency from 10 October. transport, particularly in the works commence. batteries to supply sufficient power

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The first tracks for the new tramline in the Duchy of Luxembourg have been laid. The spectacular new light rail station at Den Haag CS features a curved steel and R. Birgen glass lattice roof and is 35m between the pillars; it opened on 22 August. ProRail

to reach the next station in the the line between Madurodam line north from Marjina Roscha in a road traffic accident in event of a traction supply failure. and Scheveningen. Still in service to Petrovsko-Rasumovskaya on summer 2015, has been rebodied The system is based upon from the first batch ofGTL trams 7 January. RGI, N. Semyonov and returned to service. 10.67m Toshiba’s SCiB lithium-ion are 3001/2/10/3-5.9/38/42/3. HTM NIZHNEKAMSK. Two 1986 passengers were carried in 2015, battery and was chosen for its RVZ-6 trams have been acquired and a further ex-Lisboa tram from resistance to external shocks, rapid NIGERIA from Kazan (1125 and 3109), one the collection at Azpeita is joining recharge times and operational CALABAR. A n I n t a m i n for museum purposes and the the fleet. TR characteristics across a wide monorail has been installed other as a charter car. temperature range. They are to link the Tinapa resort and On 16 August 3109, carrying SWEDEN installed on 40 1000 series trains, Calabar international conference fleet number 01, was unveiled STOCKHOLM. Stadler has been the first Tokyo Metro vehicles to centre. The 12-car monorail has on a plinth at Vokzalnaya in the selected by SL to supply 22 three- feature such a system. completed test running and is due city centre as a monument to the car EMUs for the 891mm-gauge The batteries draw power from to be inaugurated by Cross State first tram in the city (which ran Roslagsbanan (there is an option the third rail during normal Executive Governor Ben Ayade to in 1967). transphoto.ru for 45 more). Delivery will start operation and can also be used mark his first year in office. SANKT PETERBURG. Tenders in 2020 with the new trains used to supply traction power within The system has three stations, have been issued for the supply of initially to improve frequency. depots and for stabling purposes. Tinapa, Tinapa Lakeside Hotel 27 six-car metro trains for delivery The Saltsjöbanan was cut back and the Calabar International from June 2017. IRJ from Slussen to Hendriksdal MALAYSIA Conference Centre. Premium Times SMOLENSK. The first ex-Moskva from 10 June to permit the KUALA LUMPUR. The official 71-608 trams to enter service reconstruction of the Slussen launch of the MRT3 metro PERU were 1257/62 on 22 July, neither highway junction. Work will take construction project took place on LIMA. The first of 42 six-car repainted nor renumbered. at least two years, with buses filling 24 August. The 37.3km (23.3-mile) automated metro trains built transphoto.ru the gap. RGI, TR line will be mostly elevated and is by Hitachi Rail Italy at Reggio ROSTOV-NA-DONU. A fleet scheduled to open in the second Calabria was delivered in of 16 new 71-911E City Star SWITZERLAND half of 2020. RGI September. They were shipped via 16.5m bogie trams have been BASEL. Be6/8 Bombardier 43m Salerno and Callao. RGI ordered from PK Transportnye Flexity trams 5001-25 are in service MEXICO Systemy for delivery this year. and the first of the 32m trams MEXICO CITY. STC has awarded ROMANIA The order is worth RUB524.8m is about to be delivered. Trailers a MXN3.3bn (EUR158.9m) BUCURESTI. EUR52.5m in (EUR7.2m). RGI 1430/9/41/3/4/53/98 have been contract to CAF México for ten greenhouse gas emission credits is TVER. Ex-Moskva 71-608 trams scrapped. Tram nine-car rubber-tyred metro trains to be invested in metro expansion, 102/3/5 entered service on line 5 for line 1. RGI including the planned 14km from 22 July. transphoto.ru THAILAND (8.8-mile) line 6 linking the BANGKOK. 6 August saw the NETHERLANDS airport and Gara Nord. It should SLOVAKIA opening by Princess Sirindhorn DEN HAAG. RandstadRail service be ready in 2020. RGI BR ATISLAVA. 79 metre-gauge of the 23.5km (14.7-mile) from Rotterdam (line E) started trams were advertised elevated MRTA Purple Line metro using the new Startstation at Den for sale in August, 63 in operating between Tao Poon and Khlong Haag CS from 22 August. Two new MOSKVA. Tenders have been condition. mhd.sk Bang Phai. At present there is no terminal platforms have been invited for the supply of 300 interchange with other lines, but constructed above the HTM tram articulated 100% low-floor SOUTH KOREA the Blue line is expected to be platforms on level 1; previously trams, including 30 years of INCHEON. The new 29.1km extended by 1.2km (0.6 miles) line E services used platforms 11 maintenance, and delivery in (18.2-mile) automated metro from Bang Sue to Tao Poon later and 12, which can now revert to 2017-19; 70% of components must line 2 from Oryu-dong to Unyeon this year; 21 three-car trains NS services to provide additional be supplied within Eurasia (Russia, was opened on 30 July; 37 Hyundai have been supplied by J-TREC, a capacity. Work on the project Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Rotem two-car sets are used. subsidiary of JR East. urbanrail.net began in 2015 and forced a seven- Kyrgyzstan). Disposal of withdrawn Interchange with line 1 occurs at month suspension of line E KTM-8 trams to Russian provincial City Hall. urbanrail.net TURKEY services into the station. systems continues. IZMIR. The first of the 38 trams Siemens Avenio low-floor trams On 10 September transit service SPAIN built by the Eurotem consortium were introduced into service on line was due to start on the 54km BARCELONA. The FGC line (Hyundai Rotem/Tüvasas) was on 9 from 22 August. From the same (33.8-mile) circular heavy rail line S2 was to be extended on a new public display in the city from 21 date until 10 December, the line around the suburbs, designated branch from Sabadell Est (Gracia- August to 4 September. Passenger was curtailed to operate between metro line 14. The next true metro Can Feu) to Sabadell Plaça Major service on the two new lines under Vrederust and Madurodam only opening will be the extension of on 12 September. urbanrail.net construction is scheduled to start to permit infrastructure work on the Lyublinsko – Dmitrovskaya SOLLER. Tram 21, badly damaged in June 2017.

398 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org The Bahia de Cadiz broad-gauge tram-train is now testing, as seen here on the The launch of the sightseeing tram in the Ukrainian city of Odesa, featuring streets of San Fernando. Junta de Andalucia restored two-axle car 355. K. Wilhelm

Delivery of the first two of NOTTINGHAM. Work to Supertram has amended its low will be boosted by taking up the 19 five-car metro trains built in semi-pedestrianise Station Street adhesion management process. outstanding Virginia Rail Express China by CRRC Tangshan took following redevelopment of TYNE & WEAR. Metro services USD52.5m option for 21 double- place in early August. Passenger Nottingham railway station and resumed between Benton and deck cars from Nippon Sharyo. service is expected next spring the relocation of the tram stop Monkseaton following a 15 day They will arrive in 2018. D. Drum when upgraded signalling is to a new position over the station major line closure on 7 August. CINCINNATI, OH. Dummy commissioned by Bombardier. RGI has revealed tracks from the earlier A 3.8km (2.4-mile) section of service on the new 5.8km tramway. Believed to date to more track has been replaced as part of (3.6-mile) tramway started on UKRAINE than 100 years ago, the rail has a major programme of investment 7 August in readiness for its . Two 1995 ex-Praha been offered to the National in new tracks. In this case the public debut on 9 September. Tatra T6 trams are 8623/31. Car Tramway Museum. track was more than 50 years old A USD340 000 sponsorship deal 8623 has been overhauled and Track replacement took place having been part of the railway has led to the tramway being repainted and made its first test over the Bank Holiday weekend in infrastructure pre-Metro. named the Cincinnati Bell run on 10 August. August close to Davy Lane and Connector, and the five CAF trams Metro line M3 was extended Cinderhill stops. Trams were USA will carry advertising decals. north by one stop from Olekslivska replaced by buses between ATLANTA, GA. MARTA has During the first week of to on 23 August; there Wilkinson Street and Phoenix issued a request for proposals for operation unlimited rides were was an inauguration ceremony Park; and Wilkinson Street and 41 six-car metro trains to replace available for USD10. Regular fares involving President Poroshenko Bulwell on 28 August. A shuttle the existing fleet in 2020-27. IRJ are USD1 for two hours and USD2 on 19 August. transphoto.ru service of trams ran between BATON ROUGE, LA. The FTA for a day ticket. E. B. Havens . The first PESA Bulwell and Hucknall. has given its approval for the DALLAS, TX. The fourth 71-414K Fokstrot low-floor tram PRESTON. The Trampower proposed 5km (3.1-mile) city Brookville Liberty tram was entered service on route 2 from planning application for a centre tramway, estimated to cost delivered at the end of July. 15 August. transphoto.ru tramway pilot scheme in Deepdale USD170m. The target for passenger This was followed on 29 August by ODESA. Restored 1952 two- has still to be determined by the service is mid-2021. E. B. Havens the opening of the extension of the axle KTM-1 tram 355 was put city council. The application BOSTON, MA. The USD104m Oak Cliff tramway to Bishops Art into sightseeing service from has been deferred to give the project to refurbish 86 Green District, after a day-long preview 12 August. transphoto.ru applicants more time; Trampower line LRVs will take a year longer on 27 August. There is a 20-minute has indicated that it is optimistic than planned and cost USD11.5m service 09.30-23.40. UNITED KINGDOM that the plans will be approved. more because of mechanical The city is now studying how GLASGOW. Engineering works The proposals have been priced at complications and the presence of a downtown extension of the were completed in time for a GBP25m (EUR29m), including the asbestos discovered by contractor Oak Cliff line might link up with re-opening on 10 August after provision of six trams. Alstom. A total of 30 LRVs have an extended McKinney Avenue additional complications had SOUTH YORKSHIRE. The Rail been delivered so far. E. B. Havens heritage tramway using tracks on been found by the contractors. Accident Investigation Branch has CHARLOTTE, NC. Charlotte Main or Young streets. E. B. Havens Work included replacement of the issued its report into the accident Area Transit System (CATS) is to DETROIT,MI. Tracklaying on the ramps and turnouts section of the on 22 October last when two re-tender the contract for Woodward Avenue line being built tunnels where the trains enter and trams collided at Shalesmoor. The extending the Gold line tramway by M1-Rail was 85% complete by exit the system and the completion collision occurred in conditions to keep it within the USD150m the end of August with 60% of the of station improvements at of low railhead adhesion. An available funding – the first tenders overhead erected. E. B. Havens Buchanan Street and Govan. additional factor was that at the came in USD9.2m over budget. FORT WORTH, TX. The ground- LONDON (UNDERGROUND). time, tram 118 was at the tram stop It has also been revealed that the breaking ceremony for the A chiller system has been installed and had not been able to depart existing line, worked by GOMACO TexRail link to DFW airport between Blackhorse Road and prior to the collision because it replica heritage trams, will be took place on 24 August; the Walthamstow Central. The fan was blocked by road traffic queuing closed for six to nine months in 43.5km (27.2-mile) line is to carry system draws fresh air from the at a yellow box junction ahead. 2020 so the platform height at passengers in late 2018. IRJ street through coils that have Both trams (the other was 120) the stops can be raised. Brookville HONOLULU, HI. The Chief chilled water flowing through were out of service for some Equipment Corporation, Siemens Executive of the Honolulu them. Walthamstow is currently weeks, resulting in some service Mobility and Stadler Rail have Authority for (HART) one of the warmest stations on the cancellations. submitted proposals E. B. Havens resigned on 24 August amid Victoria line. Stagecoach Supertram has CHICAGO, IL (METRA). reports that the light metro project Maintenance work on the accepted the RAIB’s findings and The request for proposals for 367 is in financial difficulties. khon2 Jubilee, Northern and Piccadilly commented that there were no new commuter rail cars has been MILWAUKEE, WI. K iew it lines will in future be managed by serious injuries caused as a result cancelled due to changes in the Infrastructure has been awarded Transport for London, rather than of this incident. As a result of the availability of capital funding. a USD60m contract for the first outside contractors. RAIB’s recommendations, Until this is resolved the fleet phase of tramway construction,

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 399 Worldwide Review

with completion planned for the city of Sacramento USD7m and beginning with the the 4.8km Museum opened in 1978 was 2018. The city’s bid for USD20m the county USD3m. A further six (three-mile) section between welcomed on 13 July. in federal TIGER funding to help trams will be required. E. B. Havens the University of Washington Work on a new 3000m2 depot extend the city tramline to the SAN FRANCISCO, CA (Muni). and Westlake light-rail stations. started on 27 June. BT proposed new basketball stadium The SFMTA has been awarded Cellular reception will be extended was rejected. E. B. Havens USD45m by the California State from Westlake to the International CONTRIBUTORS MINNEAPOLIS, MN. T he Transportation Agency, which will District/Chinatown Station later Worldwide items should be proposed Blue line light rail be put towards the purchase of ten in 2016, followed by the Beacon sent to Michael Taplin at Flat 1, extension to Bottinaeu has won Siemens 215 LRVs. GRN Hill Tunnel in the first half of 2017. 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, USD154m in funding from SAN FRANCISCO – SAN JOSE The contract with Mobilitie Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK. Hennepin County. E. B. Havens (Caltrain). The USD697m includes an option to extend Fax: +44 (0)1983 862810 or NASHVILLE, TN. A f t e r electrification contract has been service in the UW-Northgate e-mail: [email protected] 15 months of community input, formally awarded to Balfour Beatty tunnel when it opens in 2021. UK and Ireland items a 25-year USD6bn transportation for infrastructure and Stadler for WASHINGTON, DC. The DC are welcomed by the Home plan for the city includes light rolling stock. Work should be Streetcar on H Street/Benning Road News Editor, John Symons, rail on four corridors, and BRT on completed in spring 2020. GRN introduced Sunday service 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, another three. E. B. Havens SANTA ANA, CA. A USD28m (08.00-22.00) from 18 September. Stoke-on-Trent, ST9 0LW, UK. NORFOLK, VA. Five years of light state grant has been secured for the In the six months since opening, E-mail [email protected] rail were celebrated with free rides planned 6.6km (4.1-mile) tramway it has carried 400 000 passengers. Acknowledgements this on 19-21 August. E. B. Havens to Garden Grove. E. B. Havens Along with the addition of Sunday month are due to Mike PHILADELPHIA, PA (SEPTA). SEATTLE, WA. The opening day service, frequency has been Ballinger and Richard Buckley, The firstSilverliner V car with new for Sound Transit’s Angle Lake light increased from 15 to 12 minutes plus BS Blickpunkt Strassenbahn, equaliser beams was returned to rail station has been announced with all six vehicles now available Douglas Borough Council, service in September. The whole as Saturday 24 September. It is for passenger service. DS Drehsheibe, Edinburgh Evening fleet should be ready by the end expected to add 5400 passengers/ News, GRN Global Rail News, of the year for a return to normal day to the system. The 1.6km (one- MUSEUM NEWS IRJ International Rail Journal, service. E. B. Havens mile) extension to Angle Lake and COLESVILLE, MD (US). Irish Times, KHON-TV, Jerusalem SACRAMENTO, CA. the station itself are projected Washington two-axle tram Post, Lancashire Evening Post, The proposed new USD150m to come in USD40m under the 522 (American Car Co 1889), Le Parisien, Manchester Evening tramway link between the city original USD383m budget. It will which survived as a rail grinder, News, MHD Bratislava, Newcastle centre and West Sacramento has be the new southern terminus until has completed restoration at Journal, Nottingham Evening been given a USD30m state grant. 2023-24 when Highline College the National Capital Trolley Post, Postimees, Premium Times, It is now hoped to attract station opens in Des Moines. Museum. J. Marinoff RGI Railway Gazette International, USD75m in federal funding. A phased roll-out of mobile SKJOLDENAESHOLM (DK). Tram, Tram 2000, TR Today’s West Sacramento has already phone coverage in Seattle’s transit The millionth visitor since Railways, transphoto.ru and agreed to contribute USD25m, tunnels started in September, the Danish National Tramway urbanrail.net

PMP Transport Films ELECTRIC ICONS Prague Check out our website for recent releases and new locations. Still serving electric traction enthusiasts worldwide – A look at Prague’s trams in the 21st century and yes we are happy to supply those with no internet access. 1068. Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine, Trolleybuses, April 2003. 3315. China. Tram. Trolleybus. May 2016. We start with the Authorised by dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy Featuring scenes taken in and around this popular resort, trolleybuses of Hangzhou then the new Suzhou tramway the only all Škoda 9Tr operated system. followed by Shanghai Translohr tram and trolleybuses. Available in Czech or English 1069. Crimean Cab Ride, Ukraine, Trolleybus. April 3319. China. Taai’an. Ji’nan, Changchun. Trolleybus, Tram, 2003. The world’s longest trolleybus route from Yalta to Light Rail, Buses. May 2016. The last mining trolley at Foreword and fleet list at May 2016 Simferopol, a staggering 53 miles. Meikuang, Ji’nan trolleys and Changchun trams.

1070. Crimean Variety. Trams and Trolleybuses. April 3320. China. Shenyang. China. Tram, Bus. May 2016. Some 2003. Yevpatoria metre-gauge Gotha cars ex Zwickau, amazing scenes of parallel running on new sections of Simferopol and Sevastopol trolleys. light rail system, bright sunny weather.

3298. Blackpool. UK. Tram Bus. April 2016. It’s Bank 3325. Nottingham. UK. Tram. June 2016. Our long awaited Holiday weekend at the end of April and we have heritage look at the new route to P&R at Clifton with coverage of trams as well as regular services plus some buses. the whole route lineside plus some original route.

3307. Hong Kong (SAR China). Buses. Trams. May 2016. 3340. Isle of Man. UK. Islands. Bus, Tram, Truck, Train. A long running film of buses and trams on Hong Kong A quick day visit to Douglas mainly for buses and then a island through a weekday morning rush hour. journey by bus from Douglas to Port Erin.

3308. Hong Kong (SAR China). Buses. Trams. May 2016. 3346. Sheffield. UK. Trams. July 2016. Another of our Another long running programme featuring the buses and reviews of British tram systems with lengthy lineside light rail of the Hong Kong New Territories. shots over varying sections and a short rear cab ride.

3313. China. Tram Bus. May 2016. Zhuhai’s catenary-free All our DVDs are always available, Ansaldo on test, Guangzhou’s new tram on riverside plus the BRT system and regular bus services. even if not advertised for some time. Numerous overseas and UK tram or trolleybus systems being covered in 2016, see them first on our web site and follow our blog. plus £3.50 p&p UK, £6.50 non-UK A SELECTION OF FILMS FROM OUR EXTENSIVE RANGE, SENT POST FREE WORLDWIDE. £24 DVDs £15 EACH, TWO OR MORE £12 EACH. CREDIT CARDS WELCOME. A book by PMP, 17 BIRCHWOOD DRIVE, LOWER PEOVER, Michael Morton Bsc, FCILT, FCIM, MInstTA CHESHIRE, WA16 9QJ Tel: 01565 722045 Fax: 01565 722038 E-mail: [email protected] Send cheque (payable to M. Morton) or other payment, stating English or Czech www.pmpfilms.com Podbaba Publications, 7 Trinity Gardens, Thornton Cleveleys, FY5 2UA

400 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org

Michael Morton.indd 1 01/07/2016 19:02 IN YOUR NEXT ISSUE OF

CINCINNATI ABOVE AND BELOW SYSTEMS FACTFILE: STREETCAR GROUND IN BERLIN BRAUNSCHWEIG Three really is the magic number: In the second part of our focus on the Well connected by transport networks, Ohio’s third-largest city welcomes the rail activities of the German capital’s Braunschweig (Brunswick) in Lower third new modern US streetcar system transport provider BVG, Tony Streeter Saxony is also home to a tramway to open in 2016. TAUT reports on the takes a closer look at its operations both running on the unusual gauge project’s history and its September gala above and below ground – on Berlin’s of 1100mm. Neil Pulling reports inauguration weekend. famous and historic U-Bahn. from Germany’s ‘lion city’. PLUS... NOVEMBER + TAUT reports on the latest LRT technology from InnoTrans 2016. ISSUE + Part one of an exploration of Halton County Radial Railway Museum. + The latest news, rolling stock orders, system developments and on sale transport policy decisions from around the world. 21st October

THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE CONTENTS 383 The official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association OCTOBER 2016 Vol. 79 No. 946 381 www.tautonline.com EDITORIAL EDITOR Simon Johnston Tel: +44 (0)1733 367601 E-mail: [email protected] 13 Orton Enterprise Centre, Bakewell Road,

www.lrta.org Peterborough PE2 6XU, UK ASSOCIATE EDITOR www.tautonline.com Tony Streeter E-mail: [email protected] WORLDWIDE EDITOR Michael Taplin Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight OCTOBER 2016 N o. 946 PO37 6EA, UK. E-mail: [email protected] SUBSCRIBE NOW! NEWS EDITOR John Symons 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST9 0LW, UK. E-mail: [email protected] BERLIN: CELEBRATING THE SENIOR CONTRIBUTOR Neil Pulling WORLDWIDE CONTRIBUTORS Tony Bailey, James Chuang, Paul Nicholson, Richard WORLD’S OLDEST TRAMWAY 391 Felski, Ed Havens, Bill Vigrass, Andrew Moglestue, Mike Russell, Nikolai Semyonov, Vic Simons, NEWS Herbert Pence, Alain Senut, Thomas Wagner 372 SYSTEMS FACTFILE: DEBRECEN . Millions committed to Canadian transit 391 Modernisation has reaffirmed trams’ role as PRODUCTION projects; Initial Night Tube services a huge Rick Wilson success; Dallas extends its Streetcar; Paris the travel backbone in this Hungarian city. Tel: +44 (0)1733 367604 E-mail: [email protected] tramways to more than double by 2022. DESIGN WORLDWIDE REVIEW 396 Debbie Nolan KC’S LESSONS FOR CONNECTIVITY Linz line 4 extension to open; boring ADVERTISING 377 COMMERCIAL MANAGER The new Kansas City Streetcar is part of a finished on Toronto’s Eglinton Crosstown Geoff Butler programme to deliver ‘Smart City’ services line; Essen and Mülheim operators to merge; Tel: +44 (0)1733 367610 E-mail: [email protected] across the core of Missouri’s largest city. Tenders invited for new Moscow trams. PUBLISHER Hans Retallick reports in words and pictures. Howard Johnston MAILBOX Tramways & Urban Transit is jointly published by the 402 CATENARY-FREE INNOVATIONS Thoughts on UK light rail growth challenges. LRTA and LRTA Publishing on the third Friday of each 381 With advanced battery technologies and month preceding the cover date. CLASSIC TRAMS: DOUGLAS ground-based inductive charging, PRIMOVE 404 LRTA WEBSITE AND DIARY offers a unique vision for a wire-free future. A remarkable survivor of horse-drawn tram Brian Lomas operation celebrates 140 years of service. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] LRTA MEMBERSHIP (with TAUT subscription) BERLIN URBAN RAIL SPECIAL Tramways & Urban Transit is sent free to all paid-up members of the Light Rail Transit Association. The German capital holds a special place as a tramway pioneer and continues to develop383 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND MEMBERSHIP ENQUIRIES the nation’s largest network. Tony Streeter reviews the past, present and future in the first Now in its 79th year, Tramways & Urban Transit is the world’s leading LRTA Membership Secretary (Dept T06),

of a two-part special focus on Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe’s rail-borne public transport. 38 Wolseley Road, Sale M33 7AU, UK.

Tel: +44 (0)117 9517785 BACK ISSUES Tel: +44 (0)117 951 7785 Great tramway survivors... and reinstatement PRINT AND DISTRIBUTION Warners (Midlands) plc, The Maltings, West Street, The long view. It’s something we talk about, but what is ‘the long view’? Bourne, Lincs PE10 9PH, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1778 391000. 15 years? 20? Maybe 30? I can guarantee that few politicians are looking LRTA REGISTERED OFFICE c/o 138 Radnor Avenue, Welling, Kent DA16 2BY, UK. as far as 2050, but that is where the real beauty of tramway and metro Private company limited by guarantee, No. 5072319

projects come into their own. They knit communities together, defining in England and Wales. the future through the establishment of a fixed point from which to grow. LRTA CHAIRMAN The great survivors of the tramway world are to be lauded and perhaps Andrew Braddock recognised more for their contribution to the cities they serve – they are far more than E-mail: [email protected] just modes of travel, they live through generations and help shape societies. LRTA DEPUTY CHAIRMAN Berlin is our special focus this month and you won’t find a more dramatic history Paul Rowen than that of the tramway that serves the German capital. A system devised as a whole LRTA PUBLISHING REGISTERED OFFICE monthly publication dedicated solely to light and urban rail developments. to facilitate movement across a large city was cut into two pieces: one survived and c/o 8 Berwick Place, Welwyn Garden City, Herts AL7 4TU, UK. Private Limited Company, No. 06169422 grew, one was dismantled and paved over to create more space for road traffic. Maybe in England and Wales. decisions taken in West Berlin in the 1950s and ’60s were the right ones at the time, © LRTA Publishing 2016 but it is now recognised that tramways bring a multitude of benefits and new lines Articles are submitted on the understanding they may also heading westwards are planned while ridership is on an upward curve. later be used on our websites or other media. A contribution Inductive charging innovation for public transport Over 1000km away, we celebrate another milestone with the 140th celebrations held is accepted on the basis that its author is responsible for the for the Douglas horse tramway. Another great survivor, although only just, this service opinions expressed in it, and such opinions are not those of LRTA Publishing or the LRTA. All rights reserved. Canada’s major funding commitment has a very different reason for existing – it is a symbol and a popular attraction that No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in draws thousands each year to the Isle of Man. any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including How many towns and cites around the world are regretting their decisions to remove photocopying, recording or by any information storage and Dallas Streetcar reaches Bishop Arts retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from tram lines and replace them with more roads... the more sensible ones are now looking the copyright owner. Multiple copying of the contents of the at those crowded corridors and reinstating them. To paraphrase Confucious’ famous magazine without prior written approval is not permitted. Night Tube’s great opening success statement: Study the past if you would divine the future. Simon Johnston, Editor ISSN 1460-8324 COVER: Berlin’s tramway in the 21st Century: A pair

£4.25 10 of Flexity Berlin trams at Alexanderplatz. S. Johnston Kansas City Isle of Man 140 years of a great 9 771460 832043 www.tautonline.com. New Streetcar heralds www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 371 city revitalisation horse tramway We deliver comprehensive worldwide news and analysis, incisive technology features and key interviews with leading industry figures each and every month.

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MAILBOX Get your views into print Letters should be clearly typed and preferably not handwritten. [email protected] +44 (0)1733 367615 We reserve the right to shorten contributions for publication.

Light rail in the UK can never grow without serious public support

The issue of how towns and cities in the UK progress light rail schemes is the same as it is anywhere else in the world – if the political and public will is strong and vociferous enough then it will happen. Strong local politicians in the US and Europe make statements promising transport and environmental improvements and regeneration, and this helps to secure votes. As a nation the British are too apathetic by nature, we have seen this writ large recently. The staggering ‘Brexit’ decision taken by public mandate in June is already old news to too many, overtaken by other matters deemed more pressing. If it doesn’t affect people on a day-to-day basis then it just isn’t worthy of note and sadly the mainstream media exacerbate and exaggerate this effect. If tramways are to really take hold in the UK, the collective industry interests and campaigning groups need to ally themselves to raise the visibility of the mode. Benefits need The 2015 Nottingham Express Transit extensions have been shown to to be loudly and clearly communicated rather than too much deliver millions to the local economy and have created thousands of jobs – N. Pulling reliance on cutting costs and improving regulation. While aren’t these the messages we should be promoting for modern LRT? these are obviously important to avoid the ‘gold-plating’ we environment for their children’s future then that will have have seen on some schemes in recent years, if a transport an effect on politicians who will ultimately want those votes. scheme like a tramway can genuinely transform a city and The amount of social media appeals and online petitions the lives of tens/hundreds of thousands and enough people we see on a regular basis on a range of topics show that a want it then the money can be found. properly organised campaign can get things done – and Mr Rossiter’s academic analysis of the impacts of NET Phase without spending fortunes on lobbying. For example, a Two in the same issue puts some useful figures towards the 14-year-old from Sheffield has secured nearly 200 000 much wider benefits to communities of light rail beyond supporters in her fight to ban the sale of eggs from caged hens ‘just transport’. His numbers make interesting reading: 4500 in major supermarkets. They are now changing their policies. employment years were created and over GBP360m (over Almost 575 000 signed an online petition to ban Donald EUR424m) was delivered to and will be generated for the Trump from the UK earlier in the year – this one culminated regional economy through the implementation of Phase Two. in a Parliamentary debate. Presenter Jeremy Clarkson even Those supporting and promoting new schemes need to sell attracted a million votes in an online petition to get him these benefits better and have our voice heard more clearly reinstated to the TV programme Top Gear! and in the right places to get the right people on board. If we This magazine has stated it on countless occasions, but light can convince the general public – the ones who decide upon rail needs both local and national champions and popular their elected leaders, after all – that a tramway will revitalise support. Without them, the move to re-establish tramways in their community, create jobs and apprenticeships, give better our towns and cities will always be an uphill battle. connectivity, generate inward investment and clean up the N. R. Miller, by e-mail

Infrastructure issues for Island Line Uniting for a common good cost and construction difficulty. Never I I can only describe Christopher Ralls’ letter Regarding the cover article for TAUT 945 from imagine is there mention of the 97% and (TAUT 944) as yet another ‘nice try’ at solving the UK Light Rail Conference, How do we build 98% satisfaction expressed by the few who the replacement rolling stock requirement more light rail?, as a life-long enthusiast for experience this excellence, thus the public for the Island Line by using secondhand electric traction (born 1930) I would like to at large are currently non-supportive. HS2 equipment. However, he fails to address contribute a thought or two on the subject. gets the headlines though, while Croydon, the really difficult problem which is the Although a highly-competent base Nottingham and Manchester receive only infrastructure, particularly the electrical for what is desired appears to now be in localised publicity. This certainly has to power supply system and the restricted place, tramway and light rail development change, for if millions are to be spent it must structure gauge through the Ryde Tunnel; prospects remain low – without some major make our towns and cities worth visiting, lowering the track would merely cause the changes. Not only was expertise lost so otherwise a 15-minute earlier arrival is same problems which raising it sought to cure. totally when the original tram and trolleybus immediately lost getting from the station. I also have to reject the suggestion, on services were erased in the UK, but now The public’s only concern is in getting cost grounds, of running the ex-DLR stock no-one under the age of 50 has known a from A to B and if the car is not an option, as it was run on the DLR itself. Apart from time when both trams and trolleybuses any seat fills that need. More importantly, the complexity of the signalling system for carried vast numbers day by day. Today, the even if they can be convinced there is a driverless running, ensuring safety at stations man or woman in the street will express better way to travel, construction timescales and the prevention of trespass onto the their ignorance where electric traction is of years and disruption leave them totally running lines present an enormous challenge. concerned, while for children even their cold. Unlike in Europe, in the UK the Solving these three problems is an possible experience at one of our excellent importance of city or state transport is not extremely expensive one; finding museums registers only as a novelty. ingrained from childhood. Further, where secondhand rolling stock is peanuts in How often does one see mention of revenue is concerned our desire for home comparison. I should know. Nottingham Express Transit or Edinburgh and ownership of a patch of ground provides Kit Holden (former UK railway inspector) by e-mail Trams in the media, except in highlighting far less income per km in comparison to

402 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org Europe’s acceptance of flat living. Routes are working together could indeed turn out to be “Tram passengers completely satisfied” – but I’m expected to follow traditional paths, not to of great benefit. not too worried by that as it is often word-of- be diverted and any demolition and tracking The DVDs I watch show trams which accept mouth transfer of good travelling experiences that over blighted landscapes destroys any notion charging at terminal and major stops, but make the case for the modern tram. of community. more importantly are built with no overhead Our generally lower population density does More than anything, an immense and line at certain major junctions. In Beijing, make it harder to create a business case for ever-growing burden of complex rules, BRT takes on a completely new meaning investing in electric traction, but other equally regulations and procedures burdens any when attractive articulated trolleybuses arrive important issues, such as whole-life cost and initiative and there is perhaps no better beneath new rewiring pans, to continue environmental values, say as much for the tram example than the recent debacle concerning their journey into the city. Abroad, the and the trolleybus in the UK as they do in other NGT (New Generation Transport) in articulated trolleybus is now commonplace, European countries. Yorkshire. As a cross-city route of some with graceful double-articulation in the form What we must learn – and quickly – is that 15km (nine miles) – 60% off-roadway as I of various Hess and other manufacturers’ complex PFI-style funding mechanisms are understand – the Local Authority complied vehicles also on the scene. Indeed, if I the problem not the solution. Devolution of precisely, the public inquiry took place and understand correctly, battery charging whilst power to city regions must include devolution of after great expense the Inspector delivered a underway now conjures up the prospect fund-raising powers and there has to be a better verdict of ‘It’s not in the public interest!’ of trams and trolleybuses soon not only method for project approval than Transport & Breath-taking in its finality, this decision reaching much further out but also being Works Act Orders. beggars belief. I heard no mention of any able to dispense with complex and unsightly I certainly share Brian’s concern over the equipment supplier’s support for the scheme, overhead at road junctions. NGT Public Inquiry and the Inspector’s Report’s however, and saw no mention of the Inspector’s Tramway/light rail and the trolleybus as many assertions that demand robust challenge. credentials or whether he had ever been to surface-bound forms of electric traction There is a danger that any further plans for Arnhem or Salzburg to actually see a trolleybus, certainly belong very much together and as tram or trolleybus schemes will be rejected and why in a parliamentary democracy such form the eco-friendly transportation simply because they inconvenience motorists, was such as important decision related to that is sadly lacking in the UK. or allegedly damage the environment or harm a locality down to just one man? Does this So how about it ladies and gentlemen, competing bus companies’ profits. not say it all about Britain at this time and faced with the foregoing, what is your plan of The good news is that everywhere we have highlight the difficulty of ever truly returning action and how will you set the ball rolling? brought back the tram it has proved to be electric traction to our communities? Brian Cobb, Ipswich (UK) immensely popular and the vast majority of Thus it will take a sustained effort to residents want more. both re-educate the populace and change LRTA Chairman Andrew Braddock comments: Government thinking. A basic catchword I agree with Brian that our approach to Pollution is the biggest boon for LRT like ‘Electri-city’ would maybe go a long way electric traction in the UK leaves much to be The transport systems in the UK country with the former, but a concerted effort from desired, and I certainly support his view that are a disgrace. I envy other countries with interested suppliers could enable pilot schemes trams and trolleybuses are complementary their trams, trolleybuses and the clean air to be engineered to perhaps break the logjam modes – as is so ably demonstrated in Zürich in those environs. and thereby gain Government support. and many other cities. In the past there was My father, a non-smoker, has been We presently have several different systems perhaps understandable antipathy if not hostile diagnosed with COPD (Chronic Obstructive with heavy and light rail aspects and far, far opposition to trolleybuses within the Light Pulmonary Disease) caused by pollution. too much complication of regulation. Surely Railway and Transport League (LRTL), as we More and more people are suffering with all the interested parties must soon thrash out once were, not least because they replaced a this debilitating condition, adults mainly a UK standard – why is it all so different only significant part of London’s tramways. but it is only a matter of time before it 42km (26 miles) away in France? As for the loss of competence after affects our children. Finally, those last two letters of TAUT. abandonment of both modes here, I am strongly In a recent conversation with a Swedish If Britain’s tramway and light rail is to of the view that we simply need to learn from gentleman, he stated that some experts in flourish, rather than remain in the doldrums, Germany and other countries rather than trying his country believe there is a connection it needs all the help it can get to engineer a to reinvent the wheel. The whole debacle of the between diesel pollution and dementia. major sea change – is it therefore now time Rotherham tram-train trial being a pretty good It is not a matter of when we act, but how to embrace its old and very much ‘tracked’ example of how not to do it! soon. The powers that be need to wake up and adversary, the trolleybus? In view of current Brian is right about the mainstream media, smell the rose – if they can over the pollution. initiatives and forthcoming expectation, too – no journalist is interested in a headline like Terence Reeves, Basingstoke (UK)

The full list of the year’s meetings and meeting places MEETINGS & EVENTS can also be found at www.lrta.org

SEPTEMBER 2016 Saturday 24. Garstang 14.00. Bryan Wednesday 12. Brighton 19.40. Abell: AGM followed by Traction for Lindop: Blackpool Transport. (TLRS) John Zebedee: Central Europe a Tramways. Monday 19. Liverpool 19.30. Carl Thursday 29. Manchester 19.00. decade ago. (TLRS) Monday 17. Wickham 19.30. Alan Phillips: Luas, development, operation Steve Hyde: Metrolink and Victoria Thursday 13. Liverpool 13.30. TBA. Wolfbank: Local transport on film. and problems. (TLRS Merseyside) – An engineer's tale Friday 14. Glasgow 19.30. Martin (TLRS) Monday 19. Sheffield 19.30. Andy Jenkins: More from the Online Tuesday 18. Leeds 19.00. Mike Barclay: Peter Fox slides of Sheffield OCTOBER 2016 Transport Archive, including, Waring: Trams on DVD. and Germany. hopefully, colour cine of Paisley. (STTS) Tuesday 18. London 19.00. Fred Monday 19. Wickham 19.30. John Saturday 1. Birmingham 14.00. Saturday 15. Leighton Buzzard Ivey: Blackpool Retrospective. Prentice: French tram postcards. (TLRS) Mike Ballinger: Tramways and Light 14.00. Telephone 01865 370634 for Thursday 27. Manchester 19.00. Tuesday 20. Leeds 19.00. Malcolm Railways of Southern USA. (LRTA/ details. (TLRS) Peter Jackson: South-eastern US Hindes: Trams on cinefilm. TLRS/ERS) Saturday 15. Taunton 14.00. tramways, plus Los Angeles and San Tuesday 20. London 19.00. Alan Tuesday 4. Southampton 19.30. Nicolas Wheatley: Trams as Funeral Diego, April 2016. Pearce: Pacific North West 2016. John Godfrey: Belgian trains in the Transport. (TLRS) Saturday 29. Beeston 14.00. Wednesday 21. Bristol 19.00. George 1980s. (LRTA/SEG) Monday 17. Liverpool 19.30. Martin Modelling: What's on your Gardiner: Travels in the Baltic. Monday 10. Thames Valley 19.30. Jenkins: Review of 1956. (TLRS workbench? (TLRS) Saturday 24. Beeston 14.00. David Geoff Tribe: Czech Republic trams in Merseyside) Saturday 29. Garstang 14.00. Ian Hanger: 21st Century tramways. (TLRS) 2006. (TLRS) Monday 17. Sheffield 19.30. Paul Longworth: Manx Transport. (TLRS)

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 403 Classic Trams HORSE-DRAWN SURVIVOR 140 years is a remarkable milestone, but especially so for a full-service horse-drawn tramway. Mike Russell reviews recent developments on the Isle of Man and hopes for the future. 1

orse-drawn tramways were the with more cars in service at busy periods. 37 remain in the operating fleet. Car 36 was genesis of the mode. Before Plans were swiftly prepared to celebrate the lengthened and glazed end panels fitted the advent of electric traction, anniversary on 7 August and feature special in 1908, increasing capacity to 40; car 32 which eventually superseded horse car service during the annual late July had these fitted as late as 1967. Car 35 of the almost all of them, horses were Manx Transport Festival. Several cars that same batch can be found in the paddock of Hthe preferred propulsion for the earliest have not turned a wheel for years have been the ‘Retired Tram Horses’ Home of Rest at tramway incarnations. A few tourist or resuscitated. Even by the season’s mid-point, Richmond Hill. heritage examples have been recreated in the financial portents were good: revenue From the Edwardian era, Milnes supplied recent years but only one – in Douglas, Isle was up 63% over the corresponding period toastrack cars 38-40 in 1902 and 42 in 1905 of Man – has weathered the storms of time to in 2015, strongly encouraging Members of (all lengthened by two bays in 1938-39), reach its 140th anniversary. That for many Tynwald to support a stay of execution. whilst United Electric Car Company of years the operation has been seasonal in no Future plans envisaged the route being Preston furnished two 40-seat ‘bulkhead’ way diminishes the fact that the Douglas Bay truncated to operate between Derby Castle cars (43/4) in 1907. Vehicle 44 is the ‘royal line has been operating continuously as a and Villa Marina (War Memorial) and car’, which conveyed HM Queen Elizabeth II full-service horse-drawn tramway, other than reconstruction as a single-track roadside line. and the Duke of Edinburgh during their 1972 in wartime, since 1876. Justification for continued operation south to visit. G C Milnes-Voss supplied bulkhead car Another striking feature of this 3.2km the Sea Terminal has declined in recent years 45 in 1908 and the most modern car is the (two-mile) line is that almost all rolling and with a vociferous local lobby seeking 103-year-old 1, a 30-seat Milnes-Voss Winter stock dates from the late Victorian era, with abandonment of this section, there was a Saloon of 1913 built as a replacement for a few Edwardian examples. No more typical risk that holding out for its retention could the original 1 of 1876, scrapped in 1900. In example of late 19th Century urban street jeopardise the future of the entire line. addition, Starbuck toastrack car 11 of 1886, transport can be found anywhere. On 20 July, a report with eight Milnes toastrack 22 of 1890 and Milnes-Voss The original installation was the product recommendations was submitted to bulkhead car 47 of 1911 are all still owned of private enterprise but taken over in 1902 Tynwald to chart a way forward. All were by Douglas Corporation and on loan to the by Douglas Corporation, in whose ownership accepted with one significant modification: island’s Jurby Transport Museum. it remained until April 2016; since losing its with delays to the start of Promenade motor bus fleet to Isle of Man Transport in reconstruction, the option of truncating What of the future? October 1976, the horse tramway had been its the line was rejected and instead operation The future plan envisages nine cars (1, 21, sole public transport operation. to the present southern terminus at Sea 27, 29, 32, 36, 38, 43 and 45) passing to the Financial embarrassment, coupled with Terminal was reaffirmed for two more Public Transport department for regular the need for extensive capital investment years. Other proposals involve closing the operation, with a further four (12, 18, 42 and and the uncertain operational future in dilapidated stables and moving the horses to 44) retained as working museum exhibits to light of the Manx Government’s intended a reconstructed and remodelled Strathallan appear on special occasions. The other six – reconstruction of Douglas Bay promenade, depot; coupled with the possibility of 28, 33, 34, 35, 37 and 39 – will be offered for gave rise to a council decision on 21 January financial restructuring on a charitable basis, disposal and it is hoped to complete sales later that shocked the world: the horse tramway this should put the tramway on a better in 2016 to free up space at Strathallan depot, would be closed with immediate effect, financial footing. facilitating relocation of the stables. having last operated in regular service in For this year, a stud of 22 ‘trammers’ has There is obviously a limit to what can be September 2015, with two ‘Santa Specials’ been retained; this figure will be subject to done to mark an anniversary on a solitary in December. future review. At time of writing, 19 cars were horse-car line, but its new operator rose to on the Strathallan premises representing the challenge. Long-disused rolling stock was Emergency Motion almost all types purchased over the years prepared for service during the preceding One of the island’s principal tourist points (though none of the original 1876 cars have weeks, resulting in ten cars being available. is its vintage transport: the steam railway, survived). In order of seniority, these are During the Festival timetable these were Manx Electric Railway and Snaefell car 18, one of six acquired in 1887 from the rotated in service, and a highlight was the Mountain Railway, and the horse tramway is original South Shields horse tramway and operation of double-deck car 18 drawn by an important part of the package. originally built by the Metropolitan Railway two horses on 31 July. At 16.00 a formal An Emergency Motion in Tynwald Carriage & Wagon Co. of Saltley as a procession of eight horse-drawn cars (18, 45, (the island’s Parliament) promoted by double-deck car in 1883 for a proposed 44, 43, 12, 29, 42 and 36) made its way along Mrs H Beecroft MHK proposed an urgent Ramsgate and Margate tramway. It was the Promenade from Derby Castle to the review and a team formed by the Minister converted locally to single-deck in 1906 Sea Terminal and back. A similar nine-car of Infrastructure, The Hon P Gawne MHK, but rebuilt to double-deck form in 1988-89, cavalcade (including 21, and with winter assembled an operating plan for 2016 with knifeboard upper-deck seating. Next, saloon 1 replacing 29) took place, mainly for that resulted in the track passing to the toastrack car 12 of 1888, the oldest car bought the benefit of local residents, on 7 August, Government’s Department of Infrastructure new for Douglas, is one of many products of the actual anniversary day. with the horses and cars leased to it for one the G F Milnes factory; its bigger sister car 21 Six months after the body-blow inflicted year. On 21 April, Douglas Corporation of 1890 was lengthened and seating capacity by its previous owners, there is now a relinquished powers to operate the horse increased by eight to 40 in 1936. realistic prospect of a future for the Douglas tramway after 114 years. In 1892 Milnes supplied three Winter Bay horse tramway. As a working example There has since been a welcome change Saloon cars (27-29), to which vestibules were of late Victorian tramway operation it is in operating practices. A longer season has added in 1895; then in 1896 came a fleet of unparalleled anywhere and its loss would be a been scheduled (30 April to 31 October), ‘bulkhead’ cars, of which 32, 33, 34, 36 and mighty blow to world transport heritage.

404 / OCTOBER 2016 www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org 1. A static miniature rolling stock parade outside the Strathallan depot on 29 July featured cross-bench car 37, which is one of those to be offered for sale. Also on display was double-deck car 18 and ‘royal’ trailer 44.

2. With the War Memorial and a view over Douglas Harbour in the background, leading cars in the parade on the afternoon of 31 July were double-deck car 18 and crossbench cars 44, 45 and 43. Here they are marshalled in reasonably close formation at Villa Marina.

3. A contrast in time illustrated by the operation of 1888-built Milnes toastrack car 12 – the oldest surviving car in the fleet – in the parade of 31 July, with a modern touring coach parked on the Promenade. The car’s rocker panel inscriptions were new for the 2016 season.

4. Rocky, drawing Winter Saloon 1, takes a good look at cross-bench car 36 as the 2 two vehicles pass on the Promenade on 28 July. 36 is one of the type that will be retained; it was lengthened and fitted with glazed bulkheads as early as 1908.

5. Cross-bench cars 43 and 45, built by United Electric Car Company of Preston in 1907, are both to be retained in the future regular working fleet and 45 is seen here at the Gaiety Theatre heading for the Sea Terminal on 30 July. 3 4 6. During their 1972 visit to the Isle of Man, HM Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh travelled by UEC- built crossbench car 44, which is to be retained in the special historic fleet. On 29 July it is proceeding north along the Promenade drawn by Philip, who is breaking in his newly- fitted shoes.

7. A special feature of the Sunday morning horse-car service on 31 July was the operation of double-deck car 18 drawn by two horses, Douglas 5 6 and William. Here they are shown at the Gaiety Theatre en route to the Sea Terminal. John Turton

8. The dry aftermath of earlier torrential rain on 28 July provided a rare opportunity to see two Winter Saloon cars in service. In this late afternoon view car 1, the newest car in the fleet but dating from 1913, passes 1892-built Milnes car 27 at Villa Marina.

7 8 All photography by Mike Russell unless otherwise credited.

www.tautonline.com . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2016 / 405 BOOKSHOP Order online from lrta.info/shop – or by post from: LRTA Publications, 31 Ashton Road, Wokingham RG41 1HL Postage & packing – Any UK address: add 10%; All addresses outside UK: add 20%. For Airmail despatch outside Europe: add 30%.

Are Trams Socialist? České Trolejbusy Why Britain has no Transport Policy A comprehensive review of trolleybus operation and manufacture An entertaining review of the UK’s in the Czech Republic and the former national and local transport policy – Czechoslovakia. Covers present-day or the lack of it – from well-known systems and the three which closed commentator Christian Wolmar, in which before 1980 together with technical he compares and contrasts the situation in descriptions of each type of vehicle a range of other countries. from six manufacturers operated in > 197 x 130mm softback; 124 pages, all 16 towns and cities. Czech text. 8 black & white pictures. > B5 hardback, landscape format; 160 pages, 100 colour and 88 black & white pictures, 16 maps. £8.50 plus postage & packing as shown above. £14.00 plus postage & packing as shown above.

Straßenbahn Bispham to Fleetwood Fahrzeuggeschichte in Bildern The Blackpool Tramway since 1960 - Volume Three

A photo album covering 124 years The final book in this series, in which of tramway history in the Croatian author Brian Turner completes the capital, with a table of all the car types story of how the famous tramway along operated. German text with English Blackpool Promenade developed from a summary and picture captions. precarious survivor through to the age of the Supertram. > 210 x 240mm hardback, landscape format; 120 pages, 34 black & white > A4+ hardback; 176 pages, 375 mainly and 62 colour pictures. colour pictures.

£26.00 plus postage & packing as shown above. £30.00 plus postage & packing as shown above.

Brighton’s Buses and Trams Mit der Straßenbahn durch das Berlin der 60er Jahre Written by a former Chief Engineer of the Brighton Corporation undertaking, this Band 5: Die Linien 19, 26, 27 und 46 book gives a good overview of the seaside The fifth part of this series covers two town’s transport history from trams through lines in each of the former East and West trolleybuses to buses; including much detail Berlin with superb pictures and extended on the radical co-ordination agreement with captions. German text. the local BET and Tilling Group operators. > 215 x 240mm hardback, landscape > A4+ hardback; 152 pages, 82 black & white format; 96 pages, 84 black & white and and 99 colour pictures, 3 maps. 4 colour pictures, 6 maps.

£30.00 plus postage & packing as shown above. £19.50 plus postage & packing as shown above.

La France des trains de campagne La France des lignes oubliées Les Chemins de Fer Départmentaux d’autrefois Ces 80 ans qui modifèrent le visage du train en France

A beautiful picture album packed with Another excellent pictorial review of evocative scenes from long-closed forgotten rural lines, covering the period country railways, including several with in which the total network reduced from tramway characteristics. French text. 42,000km to 30,000km. French text.

> 220 x 270mm hardback; 160 pages, > 220 x 270mm hardback; 160 pages, 61 171 black & white and 9 colour pictures. black & white and 39 colour pictures, 5 maps and list of line closures 1886-2015. £29.50 plus postage & packing as - plus postage & packing as shown above. £29.50 shown above.

Please bear in mind that we often advertise books before stock is received from publishers so delivery can take some weeks. OCTOBER 2526, 2016 BRING NEWARK, NEW JERSEY YOUR TEAM USA ALONG FOR $1,600

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