cancers Review Large Scale Molecular Studies of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Novel Markers, Mechanisms and Translational Perspectives Raitis Peculis †, Helvijs Niedra † and Vita Rovite * Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1-k1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia;
[email protected] (R.P.);
[email protected] (H.N.) * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +371-674-730-83 † Both authors contributed equally to this review. Simple Summary: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors are non-cancerous tumors of the pituitary gland, that may overproduce hormones leading to serious health conditions or due to tumor size cause chronic headache, vertigo or visual impairment. In recent years pituitary neuroendocrine tumors are studied with the latest molecular biology methods that simultaneously investigate a large number of factors to understand the mechanisms of how these tumors develop and how they could be diagnosed or treated. In this review article, we have studied literature reports, compiled information and described molecular factors that could affect the development and clinical characteristics of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, discovered factors that overlap between several studies using large scale molecular analysis and interpreted the potential involvement of these factors in pituitary tumor Citation: Peculis, R.; Niedra, H.; development. Overall, this study provides a valuable resource for understanding the biology of Rovite, V. Large Scale Molecular pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Studies of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Novel Markers, Mechanisms Abstract: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are non-metastatic neoplasms of the pituitary, and Translational Perspectives. which overproduce hormones leading to systemic disorders, or tumor mass effects causing headaches, Cancers 2021, 13, 1395. https:// vertigo or visual impairment.