MARCH,1923. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW.

Russia. Awunautiiwhea Observatorium bei Linhbwg. Arbfiten. ScientiJic Amm'can. . v. 128. April, 1923. Braun8chm.g. 14. Band. 19.22-Continued. Sand-blasting the clouds for man-made weather. p. 234. Scholtz, e. Wolkenmessungen mit den Entfernungsmesser. p. Sin'its. Leipzig. Bd. 56. JanJMarz 19.98. 158-181. Schmid, F. Die Nachtdiimmerung. p. 1-15. Stave, 0. Aerolo ' he Untersuchungen zum Zwecke der Wetter- Socihta meteorobgica ituliana. Bolletlino bimenauale. Totino. v. 41. diagnose. p. lK110 Genmw- Marzn 192.3. Stfive, G. Eine Verbesbrung der Haarhygrometer. . 117-118. Crestani, G. L'instdlazime del pluviometro. . 17-19. Tetens, Otto. Der agliche Gang des Windes in der Zeien Atmos- Eredia, Filippo. Cwiino de Giorgi. p. 19-20. (8bituary.l phare aber Lindenberg. p. 62-54. Eredii, Filippo. Sul climr dello wtretto di Mage lano. Wegener, K. Die Flugstelle des ObservatrJrium Lindenberg. p. Gamba, Pericle. Messimi e minimi di temperatura ne?':&a di 162-167. Pavia. Trentennio-1892-1921. p. 5-17. sciences. 15 fiv. i'9.'3. Revue ghkrale des Paris. $4. ande. Tycos-Rochester. Rochester, N. 13. April, 1963. Schereschewsky, Ph., & Wehrle, Ph. Leg systhmes nuageux. p. Y. v. 72-79. Flora, S. P. Dry wcsther electric storms. p. 22-23. Rot a1 meteorological society. Quarterly jozimal. London. v. Is the earth's climate chan+S? p. 10-13. 48. Moulton, Robert H. Jwk Frost not 80 bad as he is painted. Many detober beneficial re3ults are due to action ol frost on fruits and plants. Clark,17. .Edmund, Adames, Henry B., & Margary, Ivan D. Report on t e phenological observations in the British Islands, from 1'. 24-2.5; 3:. 1920 to 1921. 31. Pearce, E. P. Smir notes nn westher forecasting. p. 14-15. December November No. new series. Umsekuic. Fmdftrrf. 27. khrg. 193. Dines, J. S. Note on the effect of a coast line on precipitation. p. Ktjppen, W. bie Kliniate rlcr Pleneten. p. 1-3. (6. Jan.) 357-362. Loeser, R. Ein alter Gedanke iu neiier Anwendung. p. 24. (13. Dines, L. E. G. Note on wind strncture at observatory, Cahirciveen. 362-361. Jan.) Douglas, C. K. & Observations of upper cloud drift as an aid to U. S. Air service. ll'icshirigton., D. C. 71. 8. April, 1923. research and to weather forecmting. p. 342456. Inventor says he can make rdn, but Weather Bureau won't predict Hay, G. R. Arrangements for supplying information to pilots fly- his shower. in on the London-continental air routes. p. 365370. Sherry, B. J. h?ketccmlogirel service on the Army's model =.%. L. J ordan, F. R. G. S. . 371-373. [Obituary.] airway. p.. 33-24. Retirement of W. R. Dines, F. l!. S. p. 291-295. U. S. Hydroqraphzc ofice. Pilot chart of the Indian oeean. May, 1923. Richardson, L. F., Wagner, A., & Dietzius, R. An observational Hurd, willis Edwin. Tropical stom of the eastern North Pacific test of the geostrophic approximation in the stratosphere. p. ocean. 32S-341. Welter. Berlili. {O. {ahrg. Jan.-Feb.-M&z 2926. Waran, E. P. A new form of direct-reading barometer. .287-291. Dorno, C. Die wnssenschaftliche und prakhhe Bedeutung der Royal society of London. Proceedings. Lom?on. Ser. v. 100. Meteornlogie. p. 18-36. March I, 19%: 2 Edlund, C. Die neue Funkwetterntation in Ostgr6nland. p. C. G. Knott, 1556-1923. p. xxvjj-xxv!ii. [Obituary.] 26-28. G. W. Walker, 1874-1921. p. xxii-xxvi. [Obituary.] Hartmann, Wilh. Das Klima des Feldberggipfels im Schwarzwald. Science. New York. !. 17. 1923. p. 114. Fog removal and rain making. Suppl. p. ix. (.) Robitzsch, M. Die Schiitzun der BewBkungsgrade. p. 28-31. Eumphteys, W. J. Three of a kind. p. 386-391. (.) Troeger, Heinz. Gewitter un% Ortlichkeit. p. 31-32. [Review of three recent books on meteorology.] SOLAR OBSERVATIONS. SOLAR AND SKY RADIATION MEASUREMENTS DURINQ minute per centimeter square measured at Washington MARCH, 1923. at noon on equals the hi hest intensity pre- By HERBERTH. KIMBALL, In Charge, Solar Rsdiation Investigations. viousl measured at that station in &arch. TabT e 2 shows that the total solar and sky radiation For a description of instruments and ex osures and an Mceived on a horizontal surface averaged above the account of the method of obtaining mf reducing the laarch normal at Maclison and Lincoln, and during the measurements, the reader is referred to this REVIEWfor rest two weeks of the month at Washin ton. April, 1920,48:225, and a note in the issue for November, Skylight-polarization measurementg oQ tained at Wash- 1922,. 50: 595. ington on 11 clays give a mean of 56 er cent, with a From Table 1 it is seen that direct solar-radiation in- maximum of 63 per cent on the 29th. Jhese are slightly tensities aver wed somewhat below the normal values for below t3heaverage values for Washington for March. At March at Was"K ington, and close to normal at Madison Madison the ground was covered with snow throughout and Lincoln. An intensity of 1.45 gram-calories per the month, and no measurements were obtained.

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TABLE1.-Solar radiution intensities during March, 192.3. TABLEl.-&'~lo~ mdintion intensities dwing iinrch, 19?.+--Continued. [Gram-doriesper minute per square centimeter of norm21 surface.] Lincoln, Ncbr. Washheton. D. C. -~ I I Pun's remth distance. _. s a.m. 7s. 7' 175. inj 70.70 j w. 00 I 0.0" I (jo.00 170.70 175. io178 70 NO^. I _------75th Air m3ss. DLltc. Lorn1 Ne- Date. Air m35s. rid- mean ___1UP:in solar ian A. M. lime. soh time. P. tinic. N. I !-' -. e. 5.0 14.0 13.0 i 2.0 111.01 2.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 e. -- __ -- __ -- - __ 1-I-I _- _-I -I --- I-' .- win. ral. I tal. ral. tal. ml. ea!. cal. ral. cal. mat. I ral. i cal. 1 tal.. 1 !I1 I:!. mm. 3:;;rch 2...... I 3.45 ...... ' ...... 10.93 1.18' 3.99 3 ...... I 4.ij ...... I ...... 1 01 ...... ti. u2 ' ...... 3.45; 0.M: 5.31; I 3.93 ...... I ...... ! 0.w: 1' ml . 3. .!5 s ...... 9 ...... 4.57 ...... I...... 8 ...... ! 2.74 ...... :...... ; 0.71 1: o$ 1.w 2,s; i 0.81 2'. 11; II) ...... 3.30 ...... 3 ...... 0.4s, 11; l.l!I! 13. 6.27 !. 1;. ili ...... 1 ...... li 3.151 3.81 14 4.75. 0.57, .I...... I ...... I ...... 3.45 ...... ; ___.._ 19: ...... 1.31; 17...... I 2.i4' ...... j ..... _I--.-- 2.62 1.19 ! n.v3!..i:k! 1.45 20 ...... 4.17 20...... 23 4.17 3 13;__.___I 0.73; l.fl2, ...... 3. Q ...... 21 ...... I 24 3.31 3130 O.ti2' 0.i9 0.971 ... 2. .I9 ...... 24...... I 21; 20...... 5. lii, 0.64, 0. til; 0.79; ...... !::: : : :I: :: ...... 4. Si ...... 4.17 0.8 0.52 4.75 28 ...... 2i...... _____. 29 ...... ZJ...... 0.911 ...... 1 ___.__I...... i 1.5'2 .30...... i.00 ...... :...... 3. 9Y 1.45 Mcms ...... 1.30 1.0s 0.01; 0.76 ...... 31...... 0.91 0.9s i.w!..i:iil 1)qurtiires...... +O.U io.00 -O.Ol,f0.00 ...... ?Ivms...... 0.681 0.761 0.85' ...... Uepslures.. ... __ ._.. -0.03;-0.06,-0. 101- ...... I,,I,,.,. ~ ~ 1 Extfi%pokted. Maillson, Wis. _- 11ari-11 1 ...... I 3.151 ...... 1 ...... 1 .____.I1.241...... I...... ( 4.17 2...... o..sl ...... I 1.W3 1.a3 ...... ,...... i...... i...... ,...... , 1;. 27 10...... I:;: 1.09 1.21 1.35 1.52 1.33 1.15 ...... 8.15 14...... 1.d...... 1.04 1.19, 1.3i, 1.5Yl ...... 2. lli 16...... 1.101 ...... 1.14 1.5 1.41 1.5s: 1.33 1.20 ...... I 1.24 19 ...... 0.511 ____._I...... 0.79 23...... 2.31; 24 ...... I .... 1.24 26 ...... I .... 1.24 l-111. ml. ral. eal. 2;...... I ...... 1. "0 28 ...... I 0. il Wi? -82 -51 -1w ...... ,...... 1.24 37 1 -Sl -12 -203 . 1.13 320 -46 -31 - 7fl.l 432 f23 +31 -MI Mmns ...... I 31 (1.201 ...... 5s +93 + 150 +444 ...... -..... WEATHER OF NORTH AMERICA AND ADJACENT OCEANS.

NOR.TH ATLANTIC OCEAN. cod,, between Hat.teras and Cmada. Fog was observed on from 2 t.o 4 lltitys in the Gulf of Mexico, the maximum By F. A. l'OUX0. occiirrin~in t.he 5-degree square between latitudes 35" nnd 30"k. mid longitudes 90" mcl 95" FV. The middle The average pressure for the month \vas consider:ibly soct>ionof the stcnnier lanes was, as usual, coniparatively below the normal at St. Johns, Newfouncll:uicl, while :i.t free from fog, nncl it wxts dso rare in tlie vicinity of the land stations on the Bmericm coast,, south of Nmtucket,, Brit.ish Isles, nl though somewhat nbove the normal in small positive departures were the rule, the sitme ccndi- the rcgion het,wecn the 15th meridian antl the French tions holding true at stations on the south const.:.: of the C(J:l.St. British Isles. The pressuro at Bermud:i wtis consider- Tho unusunlly severe weather that has prevailecl over ably above the norninl. mliile ut the Azores it, was helow. the North Atlmtic siilce Se t.ember, continued in full The atmospheric conditions over t,he itren between these force (luring Mnrcli. :tlthougP 1, taking t.he ocem ns a two localities wits rather ahnormltl during a portion of wliole. talieremns n clccrense 111 the number of .iIays with the month, when the steep gritclient was responsihle for winds of gale force, a.9 compared wit.h Februnrv, although turbulent weather? which in some cases wits :i.ccompnnied they were ttbore t.ho iiorniii.1 for March. The severest by corn arativcly high bnrornetric readings. Lermick. went.lier occurred in the region bet,u-eentlie 40th and 45th Shetlan3 Islands, wus within the limits of an area of par:illels nnd 40 t.li aiid GOth meridians, where gdes were high pressure that remained over northmestern Europc rrport,eil on from 7 to 10 days. Over that portion of the from the 14th to 31st, antl the high pressure at that st,enmer lnnes hetwceii the %Mi and 40th meridians, tlie station during t.his period. was responsible for mi IIIIIIYU- coni1it.ioiis were not fnr from normnl, wliile the waters ally large positive tlepnrture from tlie normal for tdie ndjticent. t.o t,he European coast were cornparat,ivelg free month. froni severe wenther, due to the long period of anti- The number of days on wliich €og was reported was cyi:lonic conditions referred to above. apparently slightly below the normal over the Grand The month began with a disturbance off Hatterns. Banks, while it was somewhat above dong the Americnn wliile at the same time the eastern part of the steamer

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