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Vol.V August, 1923 No. 8

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WASHINGTON, D. G.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

ADAMS, BYRON S. HENDERSON, JAMES B. BARR, LESTER A. HENDLEY, C. M. BERRY, ALBERT E. HOWENSTEIN, H. R. BONES, THOMAS JENKINS, DR. RALPH BRENIZER, W. F. KING, HARRY BRITTON, ALEXANDER LEE, RALPH W. BROWN, WALTER A. LEONARD, B. CARR, JOSHUA W. LINTON, I. B. CLAPP, JOHN H. MACKALL, DR. LOUIS CLARKE, A. L. MAEDEL, J. A. COHEN, MYER MARKS, ARTHUR D. COOPER, WM. KNOWLES NEWBOLD, JOHN L. CROWLEY, JOHN T. NOYES, FRANK B. DOLPH, JOHN POOLE, JOHN DULIN, T. C. RHEEM, E. D. EYNON, WM. JOHN SCOTT, DR. JAMES BROWN GALLIHER, W. G. SELBY, WILLIAM GALLIHER, W. T. SHEA, JAS. F. CANS, ISAAC SOMERVILLE, THOS. GICHNER, FRED S. STUTLER, WARNER HAM, W. F. TOBRINER. LEON HARRIS, GEORGE W. WALKER, GEO. E. WEST, L. PERRY

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VOL. V, No. 8 WASHINGTON, D. C. . AUGUST, 1923 The Fifth International Conference of American States Held at Santiago, Chile, March 25 to May j, IQ 2j> THE delegation of the United States of Delegation, was elected president and Mr. Manuel America to the Fifth International Confer¬ Rivas Vicuna secretary general of the Conference. ence of American States was composed as During their visit to Santiago the members of follows: the delegation received many courtesies from Delegates—Hon. Henry P. Fletcher, chair¬ United States Ambassador Collier, and from the man; Hon. Frank B. Kellogg, Hon. Atlee Pome- Embassy staff. rene, Hon. Willard Saulsbury, Hon. Frank C. The Conference ended on May 3, 1923. The Partridge, Hon. George E. Vincent, Hon. Wm. United States delegation left Santiago for Buenos Eric Fowler, Hon. L. S. Rowe. Aires, on May 6, sailing from Buenos Aires by Secretary of the Delegation—Hon. J. Butler the S. S. Western World on May 10, arriving at Wright. New York May 28. The Argentine and Chilean Assistant Secretaries—Mr. E. C. Wilson and governments put at the disposal of the delegation Mr. Cord Meyer, of the U. S. Diplomatic Service. a special train to convey it from Santiago to Special Assistant and Disbursing Officer—Miss Buenos Aires and every effort was made to pro¬ Margaret M. Hanna. vide for the comfort and convenience of the dele¬ Technical Assistants—Mr. G. A. Sherwell, Mr. gates during the journey. E. F. Feely, Mr. R. H. Ackerman, of the Depart¬ Returning from the Conference, the delegation ment of Commerce; Captain W. R. Sales, U. S. was received by the Presidents of Argentina and Navy; Major. F. E. McCammon, U. S. Army; Uruguay, and entertained by the Ministers of Dr. }. D. Long, U. S. Public Health Service. Foreign Affairs of Uruguay and Brazil, by United The delegation sailed from New York on the States Ambassadors Riddle and Morgan, and by S, S. Santa Teresa on March 6, 1923, and arrived Minister Philip. at Valparaiso March 24, proceeding to Santiago The various topics of the program to be con¬ the same day. En route to the Conference the sidered at the Conference were referred to eight delegation was received by the presidents of principal committees, as follows: Political, Jurid¬ Panama and Peru, and was entertained by the ical, Hygiene, Communications, Commerce, Agri¬ Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru and by culture, Armaments and Education. In addition, United States Minister South and Charge a Government Committee was constituted, com¬ d’Affaires Sterling. posed of the heads of delegations, under the The inaugural session of the Conference was chairmanship of the President of the Conference, held on Monday, March 26, at 3:30 p. m. to supervise and regulate the work of the Con¬ Mr. Agustin Edwards, chairman of the Chilean ference; to this committee were also referred, in [225] the first instance, all new questions and indepen¬ Documents: The purpose of this convention is to dent resolutions and the subject of future con¬ assist Inter-American Commerce, often handi¬ ferences. capped by the lack of knowledge of the different The Conference held 16 plenary sessions, ap¬ customs laws, regulations and procedure. The proved and signed 4 conventions and adopted 73 convention not only provides for the exchange of resolutions. all customs laws, decrees and regulations between The conventions concluded were the following: the contracting states but also entrusts to the (1) A Continental Treaty providing for the Inter-American High Commission the publication settlement of disputes arising between the Ameri¬ of a hand book containing such laws of the can Republics by means of an impartial investiga¬ respective countries. A single amendment, sub¬ tion of the facts involved. This treaty provides mitted by the United States Delegation, was that all controversies arising between the Ameri¬ agreed to, which provides for the publication of can States which it has been impossible to settle these laws in an abridged form to comply with through diplomatic channels shall be submitted to the usage prevalent in the United States. a Commission of Inquiry for investigation and re¬ Among the resolutions adopted by the Confer¬ port. The Commission will be composed of five ence are: members, all nationals of American States, and will render its report within one year from the Reorganization of the Pan American Union. date of its first meeting; the findings of the Com¬ Matters relating to hygiene, including the fol¬ mission will be considered as reports and will not lowing points : (1) A statement of guiding prin¬ have the force of arbitral awards. The treaty ciples and procedures in the development of pub¬ follows the general lines of the Bryan Treaties lic health work, (2) a uniform international mari¬ and of the treaty establishing Commissions of In¬ time sanitary code, (3) change of name from In¬ quiry concluded in February, 1923, between the ternational to Pan American Sanitary Bureau, (4) United States of America and the Republics of responsibility of Government for care of indigent Central America. It is noteworthy that this treaty sick, (5) development of public hygiene as a pro¬ is exclusively American in character, providing a fession, (6) continued recognition of hygiene means of settlement of American disputes by and public health by Pan American Conferences, Americans. (7) sanitary safeguarding of national frontiers, (2) Trade Mark Convention: The United (8) uniform standards for foods and drugs, (9) States Delegation with a view to meeting the ob¬ international conferences of heads of health serv¬ jections of certain of the Latin American coun¬ ices, (10) detailed suggestions for incorporation tries to the Trade Mark Convention of 1910, pre¬ in the proposed sanitary code, and (11) increase in sented a draft convention, which, after certain the list of obligatorily reportable diseases and ex¬ modifications made at the request of other delega¬ pressing appreciation of the services rendered by tions, was approved. It is believed that this con¬ the Rockefeller Foundation to the cause of inter¬ vention as finally signed affords all the protection national health and medical education; that can reasonably he expected for American Improvement of Ocean Transportation, con¬ Trade Marks on this continent and that the pay¬ taining the proposal of the American Delegation ment of national fees in their entirety as provided recommending the encouragement and improve¬ for should be acceptable to trade mark owners, ment of maritime communications between the who will now have the privilege of selecting the States of this continent by the adoption of uni¬ countries where they want their trade marks form rules and regulations in the ports of entry, registered. The basic principle of the convention the granting of such exemptions and facilities as fully respects the national legislation and fiscal are compatible with the laws of each State to the interests of all the signatory states and gives full merchant ships of other States, and the advance¬ protection to trade mark users in the countries ment of maritime communications of the Pacific where ownership of the mark is acquired through between the United States and the countries of registration. Central and South America in order completely (3) Convention for the Uniformity of Nomen¬ to satisfy the requirements of commercial traffic, clature for the Classification of Merchandise: This recognizing, however, the improvements made in convention, presented by the American Delegation, these communications during recent years; provides for the use of the so-called Brussels Intercontinental Railroad and Motor Transpor- Nomenclature of 1913 by the contracting parties lation. providing in part for the reorganization of in their statistics on national commerce. the Pan American Railroad Commission, and

(4) Convention for the Publicity of Customs (Continued on page 243) [226] The “Four Horsemen” In The Near East Sy Consul General George Horton, Formerly of Smyrna A REVIEW in detail of the happenings dur¬ gold to cash the drafts of American citizens ing the recent upheaval in Smyrna would who were contemplating leaving for the United be sufficient to fill volumes, and these States, the passage through France to Switzer¬ hurried sketches are given in a free-hand way in land at the moment when France was mobiliz¬ the hope that they may be of interest to my ing all the resources of the whole nation and colleagues who know of that war and flame- her citizens were converging upon the railroad visited s t a tions, part of the my jour¬ world. I ney down have had through the what I be¬ heart of lieve is the S witzer- -unique ex¬ land, where perience of I found my being a wife and c o nsular d aughter, officer a t and my re- t w o large t u r n to cities, Sa¬ Smyrna lonika and under the Smyrna, circum¬ both of stances which have then exist¬ been de¬ ing are ex- stroyed by periences h i s t o ric of extreme fires. I interest have also that could twice been easily be obliged to lengthened evacuate into chap¬ my colony, SMYRNA Courtesy of Art and Archaeology ters. once dur¬ On my ing the Great War, taking them out as return to Smyrna I found all my British, far afield as Berne, in Switzerland, and French, and Italian colleagues doing every¬ the second time, after the destruction of thing in their power to prevent a rupture Smyrna, to Piraeus. I had come to with Turkey; but, as we all know, Turkey de¬ Washington just before the outbreak of the clared war on all these nations, and one by one Great War, had spent one night in New York the protection of their interests was turned over and then come on to the Capital City. On the to the Americans. The American Consulate in evening of my arrival in Washington an an¬ Smyrna was a large building, a sort of Italian nouncement that Great Britain had declared palace, belonging to a baron of that nationality, war on Germany was brought to the Cosmos with the consular office on the first floor of the Club, and the next morning I received instruc¬ residence and the incumbent of the post in the tions to return immediately to my post. My trip second story. The various representatives of to Southampton and Cherbourg with a number the other nations on leaving left with me their of consular officials who had received similar staffs of three or four people each, with the con¬ instructions, the transportation of bags of sent of the Turkish Government, and their [227] AMERICAN ^ONSULAH^ULLETIN

archives. The Turkish Valli, or Governor of room in a large cafe where he was wont to take the Province, was the famous Rahmi Bey of his coffee and his raid, and to which he ad¬ Smyrna, a tall, thin man with flashing eyes, and mitted by card only certain ones of his personal extremely intelligent. It was obviously impossible friends. He had a keen sense of humor. Dur¬ to accommodate all the staffs of the various inter¬ ing the bombardment of the Smyrna fortress by ests entrusted to my care in the building of the the British fleet, he discovered that the British American Consulate. To the French, British, always ceased firing for half an hour about five and Italians were soon added the Bulgarians, o’clock. I have several times come up to him Russians, Serbians and all the other nations of standing with watch in hand in front of the combination engaged in the war, bringing Cramer’s cafe and have heard him make the under our charge, including the Americans, in remark; “In five minutes (or in ten minutes, as the neighborhood of a round dozen of con¬ the case might be) our British friends will cease sulates. Permission was requested to rent a bombarding us in order to take their tea. We large American tobacco warehouse near the will now have our raki.” Consulate, but it was refused. I. therefore, with An incident that throws light on the gay the consent of the American Ambassador at character of the Smyrna population as it then Constantinople, accepted the offer of the British existed is to be found in the fact that they soon Consulate as a residence and moved into it with believed that the British had no intention of my family, and installed the various staffs in the bombarding the city itself. The flash of the residence portion of the American building; the guns especially at dusk, the splashes of water Secretary of the French Consulate, for instance, thrown to a great height by the exploding shells occupied the bath room. A large portion of the and the explosions when a powder magazine work was in the nature of distributing the relief was let off formed a theatrical spectacle of the which was allotted by the different governments highest interest, which could be observed from for their colonies. This work is familiar to all the windows and sidewalk in front of the nu¬ Consuls who served during the war. Commit¬ merous cafes on the quays, which were crowded tees of the most responsible men of the different with those watching the bombardment. Useless colonies were appointed, as well as a central to say that places at windows commanded in¬ American committee. A large room was fitted credible prices and that the private proprietors up for relief purposes. A long string of appli¬ reaped a rich harvest. cants passed in at one door and along a grating At Smyrna at this time there was a severe where their names were taken down, the epidemic of fatal spotted typhus, and it was amounts given and entered in books and receipts necessary to take the most extraordinary pre¬ taken. For the assembling and filing of these cautions for the safety of my staff. I appointed receipts the assistance was obtained of expert a doctor, who sprayed all of the officers twice a bookkeepers in Smyrna, notably those of the day. All the employes were dressed in aprons two principal railways, and all the books were tied tightly about their throats and reaching to regularly kept. The receipts were carefully and their feet, and they sat with their feet on mats methodically entered and copied. Among other soaked in a strong prophylactic solution. De¬ duties was that of alleviating as much as pos¬ spite all this, the French Secretary, Mr. Parienti, sible the situation of the various colonies by who stayed in the same office with me, was interceding in their behalf in numerous in¬ taken down with this disease and died in a very stances where they were imprisoned or arrested few days. The danger will be understood wdien on the charge of espionage and other reasons. it is remembered that the people being relieved, Very early in the game communications with who numbered several thousand and included Constantinople and with the Department were many of the poorest elements of the city, were practically shut off, it was impossible to send passing through the offices in a line all day. mail, and cipher telegrams were forbidden. At home, on the advice of a doctor, we had two Any official action would have to be accom¬ trunks, into one of which the family threw its plished by keeping on the best terms possible clothing each night, where it was liberally with the local authorities. Similar situations treated with napthaline. From the second trunk developed afterwards at Saloniki during the we all took a change of clothing each morning, and without doubt this precaution did much war, and later at Smyrna during the Greek oc¬ tc>wards protecting us from disease. cupation. When the rupture with Turkey finally oc¬ Rahmi Bey was an extremely interesting char¬ curred, it was necessary to go through all the acter. He fitted up on the quay, luxuriously, a voluminous records of the office and take out [228] and destroy anything which might imperil the and on every sort of a moving vehicle and life or liberty of any of the inhabitants of animal that could convey them and their belong¬ Smyrna, a task which required a great deal of ings. There was an extraordinary number of labor and patience. The Miscellaneous Record old Syrian carts—vehicles, the wheels of which Book kept during this interval was of extreme were made simply by sawing off rings from a interest. I did not wish to destroy it, and as tree. On the cross bar connecting these two Americans leaving Smyrna at that time were wheels a plank is laid without springs, and this not allowed to take even cigarette papers with primitive conveyance was drawn by any sort of them, an air-tight lead casket was made for the animal that the soldier had been able to Miscellaneous Record Book and it was taken find—oxen, donkeys, or horses. In the mean¬ at night to the terrace of the house and dropped time the city had become filled with many thou¬ into the water tank, where it remained until my sands of refugees from the interior, who were second occupancy of the post. sleeping on the streets and filled the American As this Mission article has and other to do with institu¬ m y occu¬ tions. A pancy o f collection the post at o f several S m y r na. t housand there is no pounds room in it Turkish for an ac¬ was taken count o f up in my the trip to office, a Berne with p rovisional the Ameri¬ committee can colony, organized, and from and Ameri¬ there v i a can busi¬ Rome and ness men Corfu, and contributed by automo¬ their auto¬ bile across ANCIENT AQUEDUCT, SMYRNA mobiles and Albania to lorries and Saloniki. Suffice it to say that when I arrived in a few hours an active relief organi¬ at Corfu with my family, news was received zation of Americans was working among that a vast conflagration was destroying the city the refugees. Had it not been for this to which we were going. I made two attempts action of the American colony at Symrna, to leave Corfu. On the first attempt I was the deaths by starvation would have reached ordered back and my baggage unloaded from a very high percentage. The city of the ship, for the reason that a British steamer Symrna caught fire about noon on the 13th of from Malta had been sunk by submarine just September and the flames spread with pro¬ outside of the harbor. On the second attempt digious rapidity from the Armenian quarter I reached Santi Quaranta, and from there the down to the quay and to the Greek and Euro¬ journey was made across the mountains of Al¬ pean sections. In the meantime two destroyers bania to Saloniki, which was still burning when I arrived there. had arrived and the officers and crews were of I returned to Smyrna soon after the Greek oc¬ the greatest assistance in saving the colony. cupation of the city. When it was seen that the conflagration was Soon after our arrival the Greek army began general and that the city was likely to be taken to pass through the town, and it was a most or destroyed as well as the American Theater, picturesque sight, but of which I do not believe in which was concentrated the American colony, any photographs were taken. They passed it became necessary to take the American citi¬ through in great fatigue, ragged, hungry, and zens on one of the destroyers to Piraeus. covered with dust, silent and stunned, on foot (Continued on page 245) [229] The American Consular Service What It Means To One CMan, By Consul General Alexander W. Weddell I LOVE the Consular Service and all its works, town wrote to a Consul, saying that she was and since the Good Book tells us somewhere ill with a mortal malady and that before she that we should be ever prepared to give a rea¬ died she wished to see her only son; no address son for the faith that is in us, I am setting down was given, no hint or clew as to how the miss¬ some of the basic causes for this affection. ing boy might be found. The bare duty of the Not that it is always easy to be fond of the officer, who had jurisdiction over a continent, Service; Oh, no! The grey days come too would perhaps have been performed if he had often, but these are finally blotted out of the written a chilling, perfunctory letter telling the book of remembrance by the gold. And this mother that “in the absence of more specific in¬ recalls an incident related to me by Doctor formation no steps would seem possible on the Egan, lately our Minister at Copenhagen. It part of this office,” etc. But this officer did not was during the administration of Mr. Roose¬ do that. He broadcasted this appeal for help, velt; picturesque phrases were filling the air. and finally the youngster was located—lonely, Doctor Egan called at the White House one penniless, convalescing from a severe illness, morning in response to an invitation to lunch¬ and homesick beyond words. He was brought eon ; he was shown into the President’s study: to a seaport, passage was arranged for him as a here he found Mr. Roosevelt pacing up and cook’s helper, and in the course of two months down the room, a batch of newspaper clippings from the receipt of the request, mother and son in each hand, and these hands waving like sema¬ phores. “Egan,” he cried, “they’re all after me were reunited. today, but” and here eves and teeth bulged and Again there is the satisfaction of feeling one’s glistened, “I LIKE THE JOB !” self an integral part of a huge machine, doing In recounting the things I like in the Service, the most interesting thing in the world—regu¬ I find that some of these are perhaps personal lating the affairs of the members of the great to me, although I hope they are shared by family of nations. others who have the honor of holding the Presi¬ I confess that one of the sharp pangs I should dent’s commission. And, first, I put the oppor¬ experience on leaving the Service would be the tunity offered for service to our country. Yes, feeling thereafter that I was an outsider, an I know that Doctor Johnson referred to Patriot¬ innocent bystander, a looker-on in Vienna. No ism as the last refuge of a scoundrel, but I won’t longer could I on rare and treasured holidays be bullied and frightened by a phrase of the stroll into a colleague’s office, monopolize his sapient Doctor’s from stating what I really and best chair, and discuss with him the fate of the sincerely count as a prime source of satisfaction Rogers’ Bill, or who would be promoted to fill in the work. This service to one’s country old Bloggins’ job, or what Stepgood, who has naturally finds its most frequent opportunity just come out of Russia, thinks of conditions for expression in the treatment of American there, and the remedies necessary to clarify the citizens, either at home or abroad, and I imagine situation; no longer would this colleague feel that few officers have not graved on the tablets at liberty to hand over to me the Department’s of memory cases in which through their efforts latest circular instruction and ask me howinhell- mental and moral suffering, not to mention afeller can be expected to get the data called for financial loss, has been averted or softened; under Sec. XIV, subsection (a) ; no more would how frequently has this relief been afforded to I experience the divine discontent, dictating those who could in no way make any return for resignations to be written at night and destroyed the kindness shown ? In such cases one has the in the morning. No, I should be an alien, an relieving feeling that there is no ulterior motive outcast, no longer one of the bunch. lurking behind or dictating the “little nameless, But there are other sides, important and unremembered acts of kindness.” prominent, to the consular career which should Perhaps an illustration may not be out of be treated with the gravity they deserve— place: Recently a woman in a small California adagio, adagio, scrioso—and as one of these I [230] would lay down the maxim that the oppor¬ ever, it is hoped, losing sight of his family tradi¬ tunities for self-improvement and growth in the tions, where these are of fortitude and high re¬ Service are surpassed in no other profession or solve and adversity met unshrinkingly, nor occupation. This applies in special measure to again those gentle stimuli so intangible yet so the man with a taste for study; as my young strong, “invisible as music, yet positive as friend H. S. remarked to me recently: “The sound,” which to how many happy folk are things that I want to do in the line of self- bound up in the simple phrase “home influence;” improvement are just the things that I ought for these are the supports which he must de¬ to do to make me a better consular officer.” It pend on in great degree to carry him unscathed is an officer’s duty to study languages, it is his through a life that is ofttimes beset with diffi¬ duty to learn all he can of political economy culties—springing in some measure from the and international law and politics, of the science fact that it is a new life. of government, of general history, especially of But if the young American abroad is sur¬ the country in which he is stationed; it is his rounded by temptations of a certain kind, on the duty to be well posted on current events; it is other hand what opportunities the nature of his his duty to try to measure up to all the things work affords for soaring above those whose life that become a man. Is he a socially inclined is given to business, with its manifold distrac¬ person? This quality can be endlessly culti¬ tions and allurements. The consular officer vated in meeting and keeping on good terms has nothing to buy, nothing to sell; by law, not with his colleagues and the officials and business to mention his sacred honor, he is forbidden to men in his district. Is he inclined to study? embark in any gainful pursuit in the country He must burn the midnight oil, or fall behind, of his residence; no turn of the stock market, no while it often happens that he is in cities where change in the price of commodities, endangers special courses can be followed in the local uni¬ his income. He can look at the world from a versity or college, and where he can cultivate standpoint of detachment and true idealism. valuable and agreeable friendships with the in¬ Turning again to the Service, there is the tellectual leaders of the community. Is he a satisfaction that comes to the conscientious offi¬ lover of nature? His walks and excursions cer in feeling that he is helping to make it a over the countryside give him an intimate and bigger and a finer thing, informed by high ideals first-hand knowledge of sections of his district and aspirations, and with increasing efficiency which will supplement his consular studies in and usefulness as a battle cry. Each officer in the very best way. The necessity of studying inculcating in those around him an entire loy¬ languages, especially French, German, Spanish, alty to the Department, which means loyalty to and Italian, need hardly be stressed here; quite the Government and to the Country, in inspiring apart from the value of these alien tongues in his helpers to renewed effort and to the doing the conduct of his office is the inner, deeper of each task in the very best and most thorough satisfaction of seeing golden doors roll back way is, unconsciously it may be, promoting his revealing literatures rivaling our own in no¬ own development. bility, copiousness and beauty. To those who, like myself, are now slowly Am I neglecting character-building? I do strolling down the autumnal lane the spectacle not mean to. Here the task is harder, but not of growth in the juniors we are called on to one to be shirked. I hope it is not too bromidic watch over for varying lengths of time is an¬ to say that most people live on borrowed good¬ other of the pleasures of the work. It is one’s ness; family traditions, home influence, the early effort repeated—the way that this diffi¬ moral atmosphere of the home town, the contact culty or that is met and solved recalls our own with people richer than ourselves in the higher struggle, and now we see it re-acted, on a larger values; all these things are to the man who scale it may be, and with greater interests in¬ stays in America like moral crutches, which he volved, yet with the facts essentially the same. need never cast aside. In leaving the United For these, and many other reasons which I States for “dominions beyond seas” a man must would find it difficult to express even had my put these in some measure behind him, at least readers the leisure to read more, I echo Mr. in the beginning of his foreign life; not, how¬ Roosevelt’s phrase: “I like the job.” [231] The Maker of a Nation Saint Croix, Where Hamilton Worked as a Boy, By Consul Henry D. Baker WHILE on a recent voyage from Trinidad that it was just here, in 1769 that Alexander to New York my steamer, the Paria. Hamilton, when a boy of only 12 years old, had stopped for a few hours to load sugar worked at his desk as a clerk for Nicholas Cruger. at Christiansted, the leading town of Saint It was, in fact, right here, that he had first shown Croix, one of the Virgin Islands of the remarkable business precocity, which so impressed United States included in the wartime pur¬ his patron, Mr. Cruger, that he gave him the chase from Denmark. It is a quaint little town, necessary assistance to follow the pathway of am¬ and probably is not much changed from what it bition, so that he reached New York in 1772 to was well over a century ago. Silver coins im¬ begin his wonderful career as one of the very pressed with the head of the King of Denmark greatest of all Americans. still circu¬ Probably late here, in those much more days the largely p r edomi¬ than Amer¬ nant busi- ican money. ness car- Over the r i e d on i m posing here was in facade o f wines and the old rums, as govern¬ well as ment build- general ing the nr erchan- American dise, and in Stars and the recol¬ Stripes now lection o f float just old-timers, above the this par- royal in¬ t i c u 1 a r signia of house had Denmark. THE STARTING POINT OF A GREAT CAREER held an im- Saunter¬ The business house at Christiansted, St. Croix, Virgin Islands, where portant ing along Alexander Hamilton zoorked as a clerk when only 12 years old reputation the leading as a center business street I dropped into one of the of such trade. Evidently amongst wine bottles first stores I passed, intending to make and rum puncheons, the young boy Hamilton did some small purchase, mainly as an excuse his painstaking clerical work, not knowing that for asking some questions as to the goods the future had in store for him a vastly more sold for the Virgin Islands’ trade, and coun¬ weighty work of drafting the Constitution for a tries from which imported. While glancing around new nation. a mixed lot of hardware, crockery, furniture and I felt a sense of awe as I realized that in this ether miscellaneous merchandise, I was surprised place, humble and ordinary as it appeared, in its to notice a very fine, large portrait on the wall of crude assortment of general merchandise typical Alexander Hamilton. The inscription stated it of a “Main Street” provincial town, some great was copied from the oil painting of Hamilton by ambitions of a young boy had here met Destiny; Trumbull, now in the City Hall at New York, and and that in the history of the world, Destiny had that it was presented to the Misses Quinn (who probably never made a more important call than owned the shop) by the Misses Schuyler, of New when it visited this obscure room in Christian¬ York, great granddaughters of Alexander Hamil¬ sted to summon the young Hamilton to America ton. As I expressed great interest in this picture to become a nation builder, and to design the Miss Quinn was good enough to show me a side solid and permanent foundations of our Ameri¬ stock storeroom of this establishment, explaining can Republic in that Constitution, which, to [232] AMERICAN CONSULAR, ^WLLETIN

quote Gladstone, was “the greatest work ever after the Scotch home of Alexander Hamilton’s struck oft" at a given time by the brain and pur¬ father, and now belongs to a firm in Copenhagen. pose of man.” The view from here is very attractive. The grave Here also in this modest office of Nicholas Cru- is marked by a simple granite monument, inscribed ger, at Christiansted, was afforded the first busi¬ as follows: ness experience and training for the financial Rachel Fawcett Levine “best mind” of the new republic, who as the first Secretary of the Treasury laid down the funda¬ 1736-1768 mental principles which She Was the Mother still regulate the ac¬ of counting of the differ¬ ent United States Gov¬ Alexander Hamilton ernment Departments, Thus at the age of and who, amidst the only 32, when her boy chaotic confusion in was only 11, this finance, which immedi¬ mother, who was noted ately followed the as being beautiful and Revolution, “Smote the intellectually gifted, had dead corpse of public departed this life, and credit, so that it sprang before she could follow to its feet.” the distinguished career As I surveyed this of her son. She was unpretentious environ¬ the daughter of Dr. ment, in which the John Fawcett, a Hugue¬ young Hamilton had not who had left France applied his even then following the revoca¬ brilliant mind to cleri¬ tion of the Edict of cal duties, I recalled Nantes. It was evi¬ having read of the first dently from his mother, recorded letter of this who was thus laid to youthful marvel, writ¬ rest at the Grange in ten when he was a boy Saint Croix, that Ham¬ at work in Saint Croix ilton inherited his bril¬ to a friend to whom he liant natural endow¬ confided that he had ments, for she was great ambition, and apparently, in every would he willing to sac¬ way, the intellectual su¬ rifice everything for his perior of his father, ambition; everything whose chief happiness, except character. It however, was in her was indeed this notable charming society. Al¬ exception in favor of THE GRAVE OF ALEXANDER HAMIL¬ though her life was character, w h i c h he TON’S MOTHER short, and much of it would not, under the Rachel Fawcett Levine very sad, nevertheless most impelling ambi¬ she certainly achieved tion, in any way sacrifice, that refined and en¬ greatness herself and the respectful esteem of nobled his great ambition, so that thus hallowed posterity by having been the mother of one of the and led on by that Kindly Light from on High most illustrious men the world has ever known. brought him on to continued achievement of supreme value to his country. While in this store I learned that the mother of During the period June 1 to 30, 1923, inclu¬ Hamilton was buried in Saint Croix—about half sive, 1,877 miscellaneous and general letters were an hour’s ride out in the country by motor car. received in the Department from Consulates for Over a beautiful rolling country with many cattle transmission to the addressees in the United grazing, I made this trip to the grave of his States. Riga led with 399 and was followed by mother. It is on a small hill which is part of the Kovno (178), Habana (127), London (125 ), and Grange Sugar Estate, which is probably named Prague (113). [233] ROMANTIC WELFARE “Yes,” said the Vice Consul, “we must find him. Come with me to the Consulate and I will tele¬ WORK phone the different hospitals.” By the Wife of a Consular Officer Three hospitals were called and the Vice Consul was informed that no emergency case of the kind In the good old days before the war an Ameri¬ described had been brought to any of them. can Vice Consul sat at his desk in Cadiz, putting After office hours the Vice Consul escorted finishing touches on his master report on mine Mrs. Lamont to the hospitals, where, by virtue of lamps in his district, when the telephone rang his position, they were permitted to walk through and his only assistant, the messenger, announced the wards in their search. But nowhere in the that Senora Montero wanted to see him. Senora lone rows of cots could Lamont be found. Montero was the wife of the proprietor of the Three days later a tall, handsome young man tiny hotel known as the Nuevo Mundo. of about twenty-eight was shown into the office “She wants you to come over right away,” said of the Consul General at Barcelona, and intro¬ the messenger in soft Andalusian accents, “be¬ duced himself as Williamson R. Lamont, of New cause there is an American lady there in great York. distress who cannot leave the hotel.” “I am in great trouble,” he said, “and I want “But how can I leave the office at nine-thirty you to help me find Conde Arturo Rivero.” in the morning?” thought the Vice Consul. How¬ “Arturo Rivero,” repeated the Consul General; ever, turning to the messenger, he said, “Ask her “why, the last time I heard of him he left for to inform the lady that I will be right over.” the United States and ” And he hurried to the Nuevo Mundo, where he “Well,” interrupted Lamont excitedly, “he was escorted by Senora Montero into the presence came back on the same vessel with me, the Infanta of an elegantly dressed American girl. Carlotta, but he got off at Cadiz, and I must find “Do you wish to speak to me?” he inquired him right away.” deferentially. “I think you can easily find him, Mr. Lamont, “Oh,” she moaned, “will you help me find my as he is well known and highly respected here and husband? He is here in Cadiz in some hospital, at Ronda, where he has a summer home.” wounded, perhaps dying, and I can’t find him.” “But how did he get here?” asked the Vice “Highly respected!” exclaimed Lamont, rising Consul. from his chair. “I tell you he is a rascal and has run away with my wife.” “We came over on the Infanta Carlotta, reach¬ “Pretty bad,” said the Consul General, noting ing here yesterday-—we were going to Barcelona r and San Sebastian. While the vessel stopped that the excitement of his \ isitor was growing. “When did this happen?” here, he went ashore to see the town, but I had r a headache and stayed aboard. And—and—” “On Monday, when our \ essel reached Cadiz she sobbed, “he was knocked down by an auto this scoundrel said good-bye to us and other and injured, and Mrs. Delorme told me that he passengers and left the ship by one of the first was carried to this hospital.” She showed him a launches. After lunch I thought I would just slip of paper on which the words “Hospital de take a run over to the town and look around the Nuestra Senora de la Esperanza” were written. place, but my wife said she had a headache and “But there is no such hospital here that I know did not care to accompany me. I see now this of,” said the Vice Consul. was a mere subterfuge, for after I had left the vessel Rivero came back for my wife and they “Mrs. Delorme said that if I would show that went to Cadiz together in the last launch to go paper to a taxi driver he would know where to ashore.” take me. I came right over, on the last launch, “But how did you know this?” inquired the but when I reached the pier it was about five •o’clock and only one taxi driver was at the pier. Consul General. I showed him the paper, but he shook his head “When I returned to the ship,” replied Lamont, and spoke to me in Spanish, which I do not under¬ “just before sailing time, I could not find Mrs. stand. He finally seemed to understand that I Lamont, but I met Mrs. Delorme, one of the Avanted to go to a hospital and we drove off. We passengers, and after a lot of questioning I learned went to a hospital, but, as I could not make any¬ the story from her. I have been blind, blind, all one understand what I wanted, the driver brought the way over. That scoundrel had been flirting me here. Oh,” she sobbed, “do help me find him; with Louise since the day we sailed from New he is Williamson R. Lamont.” (Continued on page 246) [234] STUART J. FULLER Consul General at Tientsin and Former Consul General at Large Visits the Department Among recent visitors in Washington was Stuart J. Fuller, Consul General at Tientsin, on his first leave since 1919. Consul General Fuller entered the Service in 1906, as Vice and Deputy Consul General at Hongkong. He served subse¬ quently as Consul at Goteborg, as Vice Consul in charge at Naples, as Consul at Iquitos, and was appointed Consul at Durban. In 1913 he was appointed Consul General at Large, a position he filled until his appointment as Consul General at Tientsin. As Consul General at Large, Mr. Fuller covered North America and later the Far East and Pacific. One of his best known tours of duty was his service at Iquitos, when he in¬ vestigated conditions in the rubber districts of the Upper Amazon, following reports of cruelties inflicted upon the natives of those regions by col¬ lectors of raw rubber. Most Consular officers remember Mr. Fuller best as the very thorough Consular Inspector, who unquestionably knew more about the Consular Regulations and the Miscellaneous Record Book STUART J. FULLER than any two other persons. They remember him, American Consul General at Tientsin, China too, as full of helpful suggestions and willing to do all in his power to promote office efficiency and the good of the Service. His promotion and designation as Consul General at Tientsin meant THE STUDENT INTERPRE¬ the loss of a good inspector; the Service knew, TER CORPS IN CHINA however, that it meant as well the addition of a thoroughly competent officer in the field. In 1906 the Department of State of the United States Government sent out its first group of Mr. Fuller has been actively interested in the three young men to study the Chinese language Association since its inauguration, having served as student interpreters attached to the Legation as Vice-President in 1922. His present tour of in Peking. Since then altogether 48 men have duty has been an arduous one, due to political gone through the course of preliminary train¬ conditions in China. ing to fit them for entrance into consular and The BULLETIN, in a recent issue, announced diplomatic service in China. Mr. Fuller’s transfer to Yokohama, but that has The attached table summarizes the student been canceled and he will return to Tientsin at interpreter corps as it exists today. Of the 48 the termination of his well-earned leave of ab¬ men who went through the course, 27 are still sence. in the service of the Department of State, 1 is with the Department of Commerce as Com¬ The BULLETIN has just learned with regret of mercial Attache in China, 5 resigned and are the sudden death, at Utica, N. Y., on July 22, now in commercial business in China, 2 others who resigned are in service for the Chinese of Consul Fred R. Robinson, of Saltillo. Mr. Government, 3 died in our service, and 9 re¬ Robinson was on leave at the time of his death. signed and returned to the United States. He was appointed Consul on June 14, 1921, and Counting salaries, transportation expenses, was assigned to Saltillo, where he served con¬ and tuition, the Government invested roughly tinuously to the date of his death. Consul Gen¬ about $200,000 in the training given these 48 eral Lowrie attended the funeral on behalf of the men, and the men invested two years of life, Department and the Consular Association. (Continued on page 247) [235] AMERICAN ^ONSULAIL fiULLETIN

INSTITUTE OF POLITICS THE third session of the Institute of Politics will be held at Williams College, Williams- CONSUj^^MLLETIN town, Mass., from July 26 to August 25, 1923. The object of the Institute is to promote II Vol. V AUGUST, 1923 No. 8 || the study of international problems and relations with a view to creating a more sympathetic un¬ PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CON¬ derstanding of the ideals and policies of other SULAR ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. nations. It seeks to accomplish this means by The American Consular Bulletin is published monthly by the courses of public lectures given by distinguished American Consular Association, and is distributed by the Asso¬ ciation to its members gratis. The Bulletin is also open to pri¬ scholars and statesmen. vate subscription in the United States and abroad at the rate of 44.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Con¬ Lecture courses will he delivered by Sir Edward sular Bulletin, c/o Consular Bureau, Department of State, Wash¬ Grigg of London on The Typical Problems of the ington, D. C. The purposes of the Bulletin are (1) to serve as an exchange British Empire in Domestic and International among American consular officers for personal news and for Affairs; by Count Harry Kessler of Berlin on information and opinions respecting the proper discharge of their functions, and to keep them in touch with business and Germany and the European Tangle; by Dr. administrative developments which are of moment to them; and (2) to disseminate information respecting the work of the Con¬ Estanislas Severo Zeballos of Buenos Aires on A sular Service among interested persons in the United States, New Type of State. including business men and others having interests abroad, and young men who may be considering the Consular Service as a The round-table conferences include The Inter¬ career. national Aspects of the Russian Question, by Propaganda and articles of a tendential nature, especially such as might be aimed to influence legislature, executive or adminis¬ Boris A. Bakjmeteff, former Russian Ambassador trative action with respect to the Consular Service, or the Depar'ment of State, are rigidly excluded from its columns. at Washington; International Questions of the Contributions should be addressed to the American Consular Pacific, by George H. Blakeslee, Professor of His¬ Bulletin, c/o Consular Bureau, Department of State, Washing¬ ton, D. C. tory and International Relations, Clark Univer¬ sity ; Race as a Factor in Politics, by William Mc- Dougall, Professor of Psychology, Harvard Uni¬ versity; The League of Nations, by Royal Meeker, Commissioner, Department of Labor and The American Consular Association Industry, Harrisburg; The Conduct of Foreign Relations Under Modern Democratic Conditions, OFFICERS by Dewitt Clinton Poole, Chief of the Division WILBUR J. CARR Director of the Consular Service Honorary President of Eastern European Affairs, Department of HERBERT C. HENGSTLER Chief of the Consular Bureau State; Lazv of the Air, by Jesse Siddall Reeves, Honorary Vice-President Professor of Political Science, University of Consul General HORACE LEE WASHINGTON President Consul General TRACY LAY Vice-President Michigan; The Outstanding International Prob¬ Consul DONALD D. SHEPARD Secretary-Treasurer Consul General EVAN E. YOUNG Chairman lems of the American Continent, by Leo S. Rowe, Consul General EDWARD J. NORTON Vice-Chairman Director General of the Pan American Union; COMMITTEES and The Near East, War-time Diplomacy and EXECUTIVE Post-war Problems, by William Linn Wester- Consul General NATHANIEL B. STEWART Chairman Consul General DEWITT C. POOLE mann, Professor of Ancient History, Cornell Uni¬ Consul General EDWARD J. NORTON Consul General TRACY LAY versity. Consul EDWIN L. NEVILLE The British Commonwealth of Nations and In¬ RECEPTION ternational Problems, by Philip Henry Kerr of Consul General AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM Chairman Consul EDWIN L. NEVILLE London, and Problems of Raiv Materials and Consul FRANK C. LEE Foodstuffs in the Commercial Policies of Nations, Consul LOWELL C. PINKERTON by William S. Culbertson, vice-chairman of the BULLETIN STAFF Consul HARRY M. LAKIN Editor Tariff Commission, Washington, D. C., constitute Consul HASELL H. DICK ) . the open conferences. Consul LOWELL C. PINKERTON J Associate Editors Consul ADDISON E. SOUTHARD Business Manager Wilbur J. Carr, Director of the Consular Serv¬ Consul HAMILTON C. CLAIBORNE Treasurer ice, plans to be in attendance at least for part of The American Consular Association is an unofficial and voluntary association embracing most of the members of the session. Others attending from the Depart¬ the Consular Service of the United States. It was formed ment of State are Dr. Stanley K. Plornbeck, Office for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the Consular Service, to strengthen Service of the Economic Adviser; Richard W. Flournoy, spirit, and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the im¬ Jr. and Edward C. Wynne, Office of the Solicitor; provement of the Service. G. Harlan Miller, Diplomatic Bureau, and Harry M. Lakin, Consular Bureau. [236] ASSIGNMENTS VISITING OFFICERS Consuls, Class VII The following Consular Officers called at the Dillard B. Lasseter, Department. Department on leave or en route to new posts dur¬ William J. McCafferty, Amoy (tempo). ing the period from June 13 to luly 14: Vice Consuls de carriere J. M. Denning, Diplomatic Agent and Consul General at Tangier. Albert H. Doyle, Bucharest. Stuart J. Fuller, Consul General at Tientsin. Samuel J. Fletcher, Naples. Samuel T. Lee, Consul at Nottingham. Vice Consul and Interpreter John Q. Wood, Consul at Vera Cruz. David C. Berger, Tientsin. Jesse B. Jackson, Consul at Aleppo. Flavius J. Chapman, Harbin. S. Pinkney Tuck, Consul at Vladivostok. Gaston Smith, Consul at Malaga. A. B. Cooke, Consul at Swansea. Paul C. Squire, Consul at Lille. PROMOTIONS E. A. Wakefield, Consul at Prince Rupert. Clerks to Vice Consul de carriere Clinton E. MacEachran, Consul at Antwerp. Maurice W. Altaffer, Stuttgart. William P. George, Consul at Teneriffe. William E. DeCourcy, Geneva. Egmont C. von Tresckow, Consul at Arica. Robert F. Howard, Milan. Donald F. Bigelow, Vice Consul at Bucharest. Clarence E. Macy, Coblenz. Charles A. Bay, Vice Consul at Port au Prince. Non-Career Officers William I. Jackson, Vice Consul at Bahia. F. LeRoy Spangler, Vice Consul at Berlin. Edwin N. Atherton, Sofia. Bernard F. Hale, Vice Consul at Plymouth. William N. Carroll, Dundee. Odin G. Loren, Vice Consul at Colon. William A. Dunlap, Tampico. George L. Fleming, Bradford. W. T. Hunt, Jr., Vice Consul at Barbados. John W. Henderson, Catania. R. Flournoy Howard, Vice Consul at Milan. Stanley L. Wilkinson, Vice Consul at Tela. Fred H. Houck, Vice Consul at Hamburg. Ernest L. Monroe, Vice Consul at Harbin. APPOINTMENTS Courtland Christiani, Vice Consul at Cardiff. Vice Consuls Richard R. Callahan, Vice Consul at Port J. Walter Bailey, Nuevitas. Elizabeth. T. Edmond Burke, Bombay. Arthur G. Parsloe, Santos. ASSIGNMENTS Consular Agent DIPLOMATIC OFFICERS Antonio J. Tavares, Maranhao. Frederick A. Sterling, London. Norval Richardson, unassigned. Joseph W. Carroll, Lisbon. RESIGNED Cord Meyer, Stockholm. Y. Winthrop O’Hara, Consul Class VII. Henry I. Dockweiler, Port au Prince (tempo.). [237] SERVICE DINNER TO MIN¬ NECROLOGY ISTER SCHURMAN Miss Florence E. Hollenbach, clerk in the Con¬ On May 16, 1923, the American Minister to sulate General in Mexico City for five years died China, the Honorable Jacob Gould Schurman, there on June 5, 1923. concluded his visit to Shanghai, and on the eve The flag of the Consulate General was lowered of his departure a dinner was given in his honor to half staff on the day of her funeral and the by all the American Government employes in Consulate staff, with the exception of one commis¬ Shanghai. The dinner was the first of its kind sioned officer, who remained on duty, attended ever held in Shanghai, and the guests were rep¬ the funeral in a body. resentative of all the departments of the Ameri¬ can Government in China. Mr. Curtis Edward Huebener, former Vice Mr. Cunningham presided. The Minister Consul at Rio de Janeiro from July, 1920, to July, made a very interesting impromptu speech in 1922, died at Barra Mansa, Brazil, on May 19, which he outlined the difficulties under which 1923. the Legation and Consulates are laboring to protect American interests in the present state of disunion in China. As specific instances he Mrs. Mary A. Kirkwood, mother of Mrs. Hazel cited the capture of Americans and other for¬ Jensen, a clerk in the Consulate General in Ber¬ eigners at Lincheng and similar incidents in lin, died there on May 28, 1923. other parts of the country. The Minister has visited nearly all the Con¬ sulates and has met most of the consular and A VOTE WILL BE TAKEN other Government officials in China, so that his future intercourse will be with real persons and “It is especially recommended that all candi¬ not with a mere name. He has become well ac¬ dates for the venerable office of Consul General at quainted with local conditions by these visits Large undergo a rigid course of gymnastics, with a view to climbing Everest or visiting in Switzer¬ and knows first hand of some of the Consuls’ land !” difficulties. This has, no doubt, brought the Consulates and the Legation in closer touch than they have ever been before.

SERVICE WEDDINGS PARKER-COATES. Miss Gladys Cranfield Parker and Mr. Kenneth H. Q. Coates, clerk in /EfcgJt the Consulate at Birmingham, were married in the Waterloo Road Wesleyan Church, Smethwick, OUR INSPECTORS Birmingham, on June 2, 1923. Whereabouts of the “At Larges” ZUND-FUNK. Miss Margery Zund and Con¬ sul Ilo C. Funk were united in marriage on June Latest despatches from the Inspecting Consuls 26, 1923, in the presence of Vice Consul Rhodes General were received as follows: at the District Registry Office, St. Pancras, Lon¬ Eberhardt, from Stockholm. don, by Edwin H. P. Whenmouth, Deputy Super¬ Frazer, from Paris. intendent Registrar. Garrels, from Mexico City. HINNANT-JACKSON. Miss Lillian Frances Tredwell sailed from Bombay for Aden. Hinnant and Vice Consul William Isaac Jackson Johnson, from Shanghai. were married on July 4, 1923, at Indianapolis, Dawson, from Lima. Ind. Consul General Evan E. Young after a long The “BULLETIN Man” met Fred Simpich the and serious illness, is again at the Department other day and learned with pleasure of the arrival where he has been assigned as Chief of the East¬ of William Cary Simpich on June 25, 1923. ern European Division. [238] Ip AMERICAN rONSULAR, fiULLETIN AS THE TUAN HAD SAID By Geo. M. Hanson, Consul at Trieste. (Formerly at Sandakan, North Borneo) The Sultan of Sulu in real life has nothing in common with his namesake in comic opera. A score of years ago we saw the opera Sultan prancing around on the American stage and found him an amusing semi-savage, but not otherwise interesting. As a matter of fact, he is a regular fellow and a good sport, according to the rules of the game as played in Sululand, which, by the way, is made up of a few small islands in the Southern Philippines. The title of Sultan is purely religious and means the head of the Mohammedan church within the limits of the Sultanate. The Sultan of Brunei, on the northwest coast of Borneo is the recognized “Royal Highness” in the greater part of the island, and the Sultan of Sulu is re¬ garded by the mighty Sultan of Brunei as some¬ what of a poor relation, as a provincial potentate, who pays tribute to Brunei; but still a full-fledged Sultan, whose capital is in the Philippine island of Jolo and whose Sultanate takes in the city of Sandakan, in eastern Borneo, the administrative headquarters of the State of British North Borneo. The British, in Borneo as elsewhere, are good colonizers. They believe it is a wiser policy to placate the Sulus on the Borneo side of the Sulu Sultanate than to run the risk of trouble. And that is why they still pay tribute and make a great fuss over the Sultan when he honors Sandakan with a visit. In return he is expected ANOTHER OLD-TIMER to exercise conciliatory control over his sub¬ On June 1, 1923, Lai-chee completed his thir¬ jects along the Borneo coast. Once a year he tieth year of continuous service for Uncle Sam, comes to collect his tribute, and is received with as messenger in the American Consulate at Foo¬ military honors, including a salute of seventeen chow, China. Lai-chee has served under Consuls guns. During his stay of two weeks or more Hixon, Gracey, Fowler, Pontius, Hanson and he is entertained by the British officials at Gov¬ Price, with Vice-Consuls in Charge Julean ernment House, where he is visited by local Arnold, Carleton Baker, and Thompson thrown in native chiefs and other notables, who renew al¬ for good measure. Lai-chee started at $2 gold a legiance and receive his blessing. month, and now gets the munificent sum of $11 The Sultan prides himself on being an Ameri¬ gold. Altogether, during the thirty years of his can, though I do not believe, if what I was told service he has cost the Government approximately of him is true, that the Anglo-Saxon viewpoint $1,600 gold. would approve of him entirely. Under the Lai-chee is affectionately known to every man Koran, he may have four wives and no more at with whom he has served as “The Best No. 1 one time. But the Sultan has power to dismiss Office Boy” in China. He can do almost every¬ thing necessary to keep an office running a wife or divorce her by a wave of his royal smoothly, from sweeping the floors and cleaning hand, and, I am informed, that in his day he had the typewriters, to taking Admirals and their wed many wives. But there are no children wives shopping. Faithful, hardworking and and the Rajah-muda (heir apparent) is his cheerful, he is the lubricating oil and the sunshine (Continued on page 240) of the works. [239] younger brother. “Muda” is a Malay word mean¬ favorite recreation is hunting sharks for their fins ing unripe. and teeth. Alus himself was 18 and an expert A short time before the Sultan came to Borneo shark killer. in 1916 I had been requested to take charge of a After the Sultan had been officially entertained rubber plantation at Batu Lima, a few miles at Government House on the occasion referred from Sandakan, by the German owner, since in to, I had the honor of receiving him and his party my capacity as Consul I had taken over the at the Consulate. The Sultan must be given the representation of German interests. I told the consideration due his position and influence, and owner, who had been directed by the British under no circumstances could I let the British to leave the country while the war was on, I outdo me in showing him courtesy. So I invited would not be able to assume official charge of him and his party to the Consulate to tea. The his plantation but would go out to Batu Lima guests included the Sultana, the Rajah-muda, the on each pay day and check up the accounts. In Sultan’s Minister, and several Datus or Chiefs. the meantime it was agreed that I would be the The Sultana was young and good looking and she new master temporarily and he was to arrange surprised all by her intelligence and modest de¬ for a superintendent to stay on the estate per¬ meanor. She was dressed partly in a native cos¬ manently. The laborers were mostly Malays. tume, that is, the conventional Malay “sarong,” On my first visit I was approached by the a wide cloth drawn about the body, from the waist accountant, a Singhalese from Ceylon named to the knees, and held in place by a fold at the Lingham, who said the house-boy, Alus, wanted waist, a blouse on the order of a man’s shirt, and an advance of $10, Singapore currency, so that a “batique,” or silk scarf for the head. She also he could get married. I asked about the pros¬ wore shoes and stockings, a great concession to pective bride and was told she was the daughter the occasion. of Samat, the chief tapper. Her name was The Sultan was dressed in a pongee silk shirt, Canapa. I sent for her and she came with her made by a Chinese tailor in the Philippines, and mother. She was rather a little girl, and though his tie was ornamented by an immense pearl prob¬ it is customary for girls in the Tropics to marry ably worth several thousand dollars. Though he at 11, 12, and 13 years, I felt that this proposed is a Sulu or, as the Sulus are called on the Ameri¬ wedding was rushing the limit. The mother, a can side, a Moro, he speaks Malay fairly well woman of 24, said Canapa was long past 11, in and we spent a most interesting hour in conversa¬ fact would soon be 12, and was ready to marry. tion. Still she seemed so much a child that I decided I offered them cigarettes and handed the Sultan a little delay would not hurt. So I told the a package labelled “Egyptian Cigarettes, Turkish mother in as kindly a way as possible that her Tobacco.” He was delighted. Egyptian cigar¬ daughter was too young, since I had made a rule ettes, he said, were made by the followers of the to the effect that no girl under 12 could get Faithful and not by Christian infidels. I had no married without my special consent. desire to disturb his sublime faith but could have The mother asked if the wedding could go on told him those cigarettes were machine-made in when the girl was 12. This I promised her. As North Carolina, from tobacco grown in America, I had a camera with me, I offered to take their and supplied by the million to the English firm photograph. Unlike the Chinese, who have a that shipped them to the East. Had I done so the wholesome fear of cameras, they readily agreed probability is he would not have believed me! and went away seemingly well pleased. After cigarettes the Sultan, in the exaggerated It is the custom in the Orient to advance language of the East, said his joy would be com¬ small sums to servants and laborers in order to plete if he might have his picture taken with the keep them in service. When a native owes Rajah from America. I answered that it would money to the “Tuan,” master, the state law does make me most happy. Then he called me his not allow him to quit. He must stay on the job brother and said he would treasure the photo¬ till he pays off his debt. There was no reason, graph among his most cherished possessions. The therefore, to refuse the small loan asked for by Japanese photographer was called and the Sul¬ Alus, except the possible danger that after the tan arranged the group. He directed the Dataus marriage he might run away and go back to his to stand aside and indicated he would like to have people, who were Bajaus, and who lived down the the Rajah-muda and his private minister on his coast. The Bajaus are the Gypsies of the Malays. left, while the Sultana could sit on his right and They live in small boats along the shore, in order I might have a place next to Her Highness. The to avoid the insects and reptiles, and are almost two secretaries, his and mine, could stand at the as much at home in the water as on land. A back. [240] AMERICAN rONSHLAH^ttUETIN

On my last visit to Batu Lima, a week be¬ fore the Sultan arrived, I sent for Canapa and her mother and gave them a copy of the photo¬ graph I had taken of them two weeks before. They seemed very happy and the mother asked again if Canapa could lie married when she was 12. I again assented, and told her to go ahead and prepare for the wed¬ ding. Alus also asked the same question and I repeated my assurance to him. He told me Canapa would be 12 at the full moon which would occur, so he had learned from Lingham, on Sunday of the next week. I spoke to Lingham and asked if CULTIVATING THE COCOA PLANT IN BOLIVIA there was a Malay priest or other Mohammedan, From the leaves of this plant is extracted the powerful alkaloid known as on the estate authorized cocaine. All Indians of the high central plateau masticate the leaves of to perform marriages. the coca. The general effects are stimulating and enable the users to with¬ He said not, and added stand long journeys. It also prevents hunger and is said to aid respiration that marriage ceremonies in these high altitudes. Its continued use, of course, has very bad effects between Malays were usually performed by the Tuan, the proprietor of “He is here no more. Pie and Canapa live in the plantation, free of charge. Lingham was a the little house behind the rubber factory with Brahmin and had little respect for the ceremonials Surinim, the Kaboon (gardener), and they went of their religious enemies, the Mohammedans. to Sandakan today to try to see the Sultan.” While I was entertaining the Sultan at the Con¬ “Living with Canapa,” I muttered, “what do sulate it occurred to me that it would be a fine you mean?” thing to have him perform the wedding ceremony. “They were married at the full moon a week That would be an unexpected honor and no doubt ago, as the Tuan had said, and he is at this house would prove highly gratifying to all concerned. no more.” The more I thought of it the better I liked the “Married a week ago ! Who married them ?” idea. The young couple came back with me to Sandakan on Saturday; we would invite the Sul¬ “Why, you, Tuan, you married them.” tan to another tea, where he could smoke his fill “I married them! What are you trying to get of Turkish cigarettes made by the “faithful” in at?” North Carolina, and then would follow the wed¬ “It was the full moon, Tuan, and Canapa was ding of Alus the Bajau and the 12-year-old Malay twelve. And so they were married, as the Tuan girl, Canapa. The incident was all but closed. had said. They sleep in the house of the Kaboon, When I went to Batu Lima the following Sat¬ who is Canapa’s uncle. Is not the Tuan pleased?” urday the full moon that regulated Malay birth¬ Then the whole thing dawned suddenly. Ling¬ days for the month had waned perceptibly. Ling¬ ham was right. I had married them, however, un¬ ham met me as usual but no smiling Alus stood intentionally. The Tuan had given his consent in the doorway to greet me. and had fixed the time. What further ceremony “Where is Alus?” I asked. was needed? [241] AMERICAN ^ONSULAIL^ULLETIN

FURTHER COMPETITION Entering the lobby of the hotel when the lunch¬ eon was to be held, Consul General Eberhardt The article in the June BULLETIN which states that: “According to reports received from Con¬ met and called by name an American with whom sular officers there are now 20 ‘best equipped he had sailed into Darien harbor in 1920; in the offices in the Service,’ ” leads one of the Consuls lobby Consul Carlson handed him a letter from General at Large, who has spent several years in the secretary of the Rotarian Club in Shanghai; the inspection of offices, to remark that in his at the luncheon a magazine published by the years of inspection he has rarely met an officer in charge of a post who has not declared that his Mexico City branch of the club was shown to is the most expensive post in the country to which Mr. Eberhardt, in which he recognized many old he is assigned, if not in the world—AND HE places, faces and names. PROVES IT WITH FIGURES! It might be added that the business of the luncheon party and general conversation was con¬ An experience indicating the broad acquaint¬ ducted in Norwegian, even to the speeches. Called ance which the traveling Consul General at Large forms came to Consul General Eberhardt recently upon to salute the crowd and make a few re¬ in Christiania. marks, the Consul General was able to tell them He had been made an honorary Rotarian at his frankly that he had never enjoyed after-dinner home town in Kansas last February and was in¬ or after-luncheon speeches more—since he had vited to be the guest of the recently formed club not understood a word that zvas said. at Christiania at their regular weekly luncheon. Consul Harry Carlson, of that post, is a Ro¬ During the month of June, 1923, there were tarian and is considered as largely responsible for received 2,154 commercial and economic reports, the formation of the club there. as compared with 2,280 received in May, 1923.

Conveniencing the Consul

•t 'I *|HEN Duty or Pleasure calls the consul to the Nation's capital, the official and social environ¬ ment and the luxurious comfort at The Shoreham enable him to dwell in his own realm.

15th and H Streets, N. W. Washington, D. C.

[242] ULLBxm ^ ^HS3I£f!3!L-C£:NSIILAI^ T\ THE FIFTH INTERNA¬ the formulation of special customs procedure for commercial aircraft and definition of standard TIONAL CONFERENCE OF landing places, together with recommendations as AMERICAN STATES to points where such landing places shall be es¬ tablished ; (Continued from page 226) Inter-American Electrical Communications, charging this commission with the study of the recommending to the American States, as an practical, technical, financial or other means of essential part of the public service, the supervision completing this road, recommending the construc¬ of international electrical communication and also tion of international railroads between neighbor¬ domestic electrical communication so far as it ing countries for the exchange of products and affects or forms part of the system of interna¬ merchandise, and, with the same object, the de¬ velopment of branch lines in the Pan American tional communication; Railroad project so that all the American coun¬ Uniformity of Shipping and Insurance Docu¬ tries may be traversed by that system, and recom¬ ments, in which the United States Delegation pre¬ mending that the States members of the Pan sented a project of a convention for the standard¬ American Union construct motor roads between ization of shipping documents in order to facili¬ their most important cities and principal ports; tate Inter-American Commerce; Commercial Aviation, providing that an Inter- Parcels Post, proposed by the American Dele¬ American Commercial Aviation Commission be es¬ gation, to obtain the ratification by the Signatory tablished to consider laws and regulations relative States of the principal convention of Buenos Aires to commercial aviation, to meet at a place and of September, 1921, and the Parcel Post Conven¬ date to be determined by the Governing Board of the Pan American Union, and charging this Com¬ tion of September, 1921, and mission with the preparation of draft laws and Commercial Arbitration, containing the Ameri¬ regulations, the determination of aerial routes and can proposal for the organization of Chambers of

THIS map illustrates the world-wide distribution of Gar¬ goyle Products. In addition to the vast distribution in the United States, 0Jf ^ Gargoyle Products are: Marketed in over 40 countries. Lubricating Oils Manufactured in 18 refineries and works (indicated by flags.) Stocked in over 600 warehouses. rf grsJt for uek type #/ soviet Obtainable at over 250 ports of call (indicated by dots.) Vacuum Service covers the world.

[243] AMERICAN (^ONSUlAILfflLLETIN

Commerce in the commercial centers of the American Continent. STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK There were presented to the committee various 26 Broadway New York concrete proposals for the limitation of arma¬ ments, but due to the divergent views of the dele¬ gations principally concerned, it was impossible to reach an agreement on this subject at this confer¬ ence. The friendly discussion of the subject, how¬ ever, served a highly useful purpose and there seems to he ground for hope that, notwithstand¬ ing the inherent difficulties, a satisfactory formula may be found. In regard to educational matters, resolutions were approved providing for the convening of a Pan American University Conference, to be held at Santiago, Chile, in 1925; entrusting to the The Mark of Quality Pan American Union the encouragement of the interchange of university professors and educa¬ tional information; and recommending the encour¬ agement of vocational training in the American Republics and the formation and development of Socony students’ organizations. A resolution was also adopted providing for the preservation of archaeological remains and all other data designed to furnish material for the Products history of the nations of America, and especially of the primitive peoples. Under this plan it was recommended that two archaelogical institutes Illuminating Oils should be established, one in the region of Mexico and Central America, and the other in the Ecua- Lubricating Oils and Greases dorean-Peruvian region. In regard to the protection of literary and artis¬ Gasoline and Motor Spirits tic copyright, a resolution was adopted recom¬ mending to the States of the American Continent Fuel Oil that they incorporate in their local legislation cer¬ tain protective measures, which were proposed by Asphaltums, Binders and the delegation of the United States. Road Oils In regard to agricultural questions, the Confer¬ ence adopted a program of wide reaching charac¬ Paraffine Wax and Candles ter for the cooperation of the American Republics in the study of agricultural problems, uniformity Lamps, Stoves and Heaters of agricultural statistics, the elimination of dis¬ eases of cattle and plants and the interchange of useful plants and seeds. Branch Offices in the Principal Cities of A resolution, proposed by the delegation of Paraguay, recommended the erection of a monu¬ Japan Philippine Islands Turkey ment in Washington in honor of Henry Clay. China Straits Settlements Syria Indo-Cliina Netherlands India Bulgaria It was decided that the Sixth International Con¬ Siam South Africa Greece ference of American States should be held at India Australasia Jugoslavia Habana, Cuba, within the shortest possible time, and, in any case, within five years from the date of the closing session of the Fifth Conference. [244] AMERICAN CONSULAR, ^ULLBTITsT

THE “FOUR HORSEMEN” IN THE NEAR EAST (Continued from page 229) The last view of Smyrna was at night, a vast, terribly beautiful panorama of flames. Word was received before we reached Piraeus that the Consulate was in flames. In that conflagration were destroyed some of the most interesting archives and records of one of the oldest con¬ sulates in the history of the American Service, in addition to my collection of treasures of a lifetime, besides furniture and a carefully se¬ lected library of about 1,500 volumes, some of which were autograph copies by famous au¬ thors—belongings that can never be replaced. However, the loss of various pictures of my father and mother as young people gives me the greatest sorrow, as they were the only pictures Experience remaining of my parents and it will not be pos¬ sible to have them replaced. One was a rare Nothing counts in ocean-travel daguerreotype of my mother as a young woman. service like experience. Operations Her body lies in the Protestant Cemetery at extending over more than 50 years Smyrna. have witnessed the sound develop¬ ment and sure growth of our famous Lines to their present com¬ During the month of June, 1923, there were manding position in the North- 2,979 Trade Letters transmitted to the Depart¬ Atlantic passenger trade. These ment as against 3,848 in May, 1923. Lines carried more than 210,000 The Consulate General at Montevideo took first passengers across the Atlantic last place in the number of Trade Letters submitted, year, including more than one- having (103), followed by London, England third of all first-class passengers (62), Guatemala City (41), Stockholm (41), Val- from New York to European ports. pariso (33), and Habana (33). Headed by the world’s largest ship, Majestic, the Homeric, Olym¬ pic the palatial, new Belgenland The Consulate at Rome, Italy, was established and the famous Big Four of our in 1797. It was raised to a Consulate General in Liverpool service, our Fleets in¬ 1871, almost a year after Rome became the Capi¬ clude 118 vessels totalling 1,238,000 tal of Italy. Francis B. Keene, Consul General tons. there since 1917, who has just completed 20 years Our complete ocean services of¬ of service, has been elected dean of the reorgan¬ fer five sailings weekly to English ized Consular Corps. This is the first time in the ports, three to France and one each long history of the office that the American chief to Ireland, Belgium and Germany. officer has been Dean of the Corps in the Eternal City. Accommodations to suit every purse and taste. Mr. T. D. Palmer, Secretary of The Export, has extended an invitation to consular officers when visiting in New York to call at their offices ^XWHITE STAR LINEXT at 50 Church Street. The Export is published in AMERICAN !•«»* y- si REP STAR LINE INTERNATIONAL MERCANTILE MARINE COMPANY the interest of trade relations and contains articles No. 1 Broadway New York in that line in the English, French, Portuguese and Spanish languages. [245] AMERICAN ^ONSHLAXL fflLLETIN

ROMANTIC WELFARE “I sent my luggage to the Colon,” was the brief reply of the impatient man as he slammed WORK the door. (Continued from page 234) Mrs. Lamont had completely broken down York, and I never noticed anything.” Lamont under the strain of her anxiety, and the Vice began wildly to pace to and fro. Consul had been able to do little but look after “As I understand it,” said the Consul General, her. hut that evening he was making one more “the only evidence that you possess that Rivero desperate attempt before dinner to complete his ran away with your wife is the statement of Mrs. master report, when the knocker clapped and Delorme. Now, just who is this Mrs. Delorme?” hanged loudly. He arose reluctantly to open the “Oh, she was one of the passengers; a dressy door and was handed the “urgente” from Barce¬ sort of young widow, who dances beautifully. lona. Half audibly, he read to himself : “Reported She tried to interest Rivero, but she tells me now that Mrs. Lamont left Infanta Carlotta with that she failed because my wife held his atten¬ Conde Rivero.” tion.” He immediately forwarded his reply. “Under the circumstances you narrate, Mr. “Mrs. Lamont alone at Cadiz, believes husband Lamont, you will hardly find Count Rivero at here injured. Know nothing of Rivero.” his castle, and I would suggest that you consult “Now,” he thought, “I must ask Mrs. Lamont the Vice Consul at Cadiz, where they left the about Rivero,” and he started for the Nuevo boat. I could telegraph him for you.” Mundo. “Pretty good,” said Lamont abstractedly, “but Detained long after office hours, the Consul I lose time by that. I think I had better continue General was about to go home when the “urgente” my search for the Count. If you telegraph your from Cadiz was brought to him. Reading the Vice Consul when may I expect a reply?” message thoughtfully, he called the Hotel Colon “Tomorrow morning at the latest.” and repeated the message to Lamont, adding, “You have just time to catch the Madrid express Lamont paused in his restless pacing, and with the Consul General prepared the message. and connect for Cadiz. Shall I wire the Vice “At what hotel are you stopping? I may re¬ Consul to expect you?” ceive a reply during the evening,” said the Consul “Yes. Thank you very much,” was the hurried General, hoping to relieve Lamont. reply, in a different tone from that of the irate visitor of a few hours before. The Lamonts and the Vice Consul were dining .W.V.V.V.’.’.W.'.VV.VW.V.V.VV.V.WA'J together at the Nuevo Mundo, and were discuss¬ ing the near domestic tragedy. A. H. BUCHAN, President & Treasurer “But what could have possessed Mrs. De¬ Dixon - Buchan lorme?” asked the Vice Consul. Tobacco Company “That woman!” exclaimed Lamont. “When INCORPORATED she lost Rivero she tried her charms on me. She Dealers and Exporters got Louise out of the way, invented those vile Virginia-Carolina Leaf Tobaccos stories, and during the dreadful days after leaving (MULLINS, SOUTH CAROLINA, U. S. A.) Cadiz, she attempted to console me by saying that OUR PACKING GUARANTEED she would comfort me for the loss of my faith¬ SAMPLES SENT ON REQUEST less wife.” REFERENCES: “Only fancy,” said Mrs. Lamont, “she might PAGE TRUST COMPANY, Sanford, North Carolina, U.S.A. Codes Used: have separated us had it not been for the Con¬ FIRST NATIONAL BANK, ABC 5th Edition Mullins, South Carolina, U.S.A. Leiber’s 5 Letter suls.” LONG ISLAND NAT’L BANK, Cable Address: “Yes,” rejoined Lamont, “and before we say Hicksville, Long Island, N. Y., U.S.A. “DIBUCO good-night, let us drink to the great and glorious 2WVWVWVVVWVVVWVWVWVVWVWV American Consular Service.” [246] THE STUDENT INTERPRE¬ TER CORPS IN CHINA

(Continued from page 235) each. With few exceptions the men who left the service had given several years of work in consulates or the Legation, after completing their course, and hence returned at least a part of the Government’s investment. The “leakage” of 40 per cent from the Gov¬ ernment service cannot be regarded as entire loss, irrespective of the additional years each man gave before he left or died. The men serv¬ ing the Chinese Government are performing a service of value to our Government. Those now in commercial business in China are help¬ ing to advance American trade along specific lines. It is reasonable to suppose also that even those who left the service and returned to America to stay have helped to bring about a better understanding of our relations in China and of our opportunities in and responsibility toward that country. The three who died at their posts had all given years of service. AN INVITATION Of those still in the service of our Govern¬ ment and thus still making a return on their This is an invitation to you to submit photo¬ Government’s investment in them, 10 are in graphs of natives—at work or at play—and charge of consular offices in China and 1 in carefully prepared descriptions of the customs Europe, 9 are serving as subordinate consular of the people at your post or in the territories officers in China, 2 are language secretaries in to which you travel. our Legation in Peking, 2 are serving in the THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE is Department of State in Washington, 1 is a eagerly seeking such material in every corner of Consul General at Large inspecting 52 consular the globe and thus offers you an opportunity offices in Eastern Asia, and 1 is Commercial for an interesting and profitable hobby. Attache in China under the Department of Com¬ The State Department, to which all merce. All are helping to further American in¬ articles from consular iirritcrs are terests. In a land where foreign treaty rights submitted, has been glad to approve are so extensive, where the Consul is the court publication. of first instance in all cases at law involving his Tell native photographers and friends seeking nationals as defendants, and a sort of special outlets for pictures and articles of this market attorney for his nationals in all cases both legal in THE GEOGRAPHIC. and arbitrable where his nationals are com¬ All material accepted is Brochure descriptive of paid for promptly at at¬ material desired and book¬ plainants, where the local officials with whom he tractive rates, and that let about The Society and which is unavailable is Magazine mailed on re¬ deals correspond both in writing and verbally returned promptly by in¬ quest. in their own language almost entirely, and sured post. Address, The Editor. where conditions not existing elsewhere in the world raise problems for the American manu¬ facturer and exporter desiring to enter the National Geographic market that only a man of experience in the country can seek to solve, the value to our Gov¬ Magazine ernment of specially trained Consuls is readily Washington, D. C. apparent. The Government is getting a good return on its investment. [247] r^ONSIILAH BULLETIN

DIPLOMATIC AND SOCIAL High Commissioner Admiral Bristol at Constanti¬ nople and Mr. Imbrie here. They are men of LIFE AT TURKISH CAPITAL entirely different types and capacities, but each in his own sphere is a success. Admiral Bristol Many Disillusions About Preconceived Notions has won the respect, confidence and high regard of Ottoman Customs and Conventions of the Turks. Many of them have spoken of The Diplomatic Corps at Angora consists of him to me in the highest terms and expressed the Bolshevist Ambassador, in the best and largest delight that we had such a man here, particularly house in town; the Persian Minister, also com¬ at this juncture, when the whole desire of the fortably housed; Colonel Mongin, a French offi¬ Nationalists is to effect a closer relationship with cer, and Robert W. Imbrie, an American unofficial America in developing the resources of Anatolia. observer. Mr. Imbrie and his wife live in a box¬ Raouf Bey, the Prime Minister, is a sailor, too, car, which they have made into a most desirable and he and Admiral Bristol have much in com¬ residence. They have decorated and furnished mon. They understand one another. Admiral it with great skill and good taste and have made Bristol was an adherent of Admiral Sims in the it a coveted possession. Latife Hanoum, Kemal’s great controversy on improving the gunnery in wife, came in to tea the other afternoon and our navy. Raouf Bey followed that controversy threatened jokingly to dispossess the Imbries and closely and read all the naval reports. When give them Kemal’s villa in exchange. The car he found out I had been concerned in the matter lies on a siding near the station and close to he talked for an hour one evening about United Raouf Bey’s house. He is a frequent and in¬ States Navy target practice. formal visitor. Aduau Bey. the Angora representative at Con¬ The United States is not always fortunate in its stantinople, is another of the Nationalists in close foreign representatives; but two better men could relations with Bristol. I know that Kernal, too, hardly be found for their respective jobs than thinks highly of him. It is a happy condition for

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[248] AMERICAN rONSULAR. ^UIXETTm us now that America is looming so large in the panied Turkish lady, speaking perfect English Near East and that the eyes of the people here and quite at her ease with five strange Ameri¬ are turning to us. cans, over tea and cigarettes, and ready to talk Mr. Imbrie, in his unofficial position here as about every sort of thing or just exchange an agent of our State Department, is in a position badinage. It is revealing and illuminating, and requiring tact, understanding of men, insight into it is one of the many educational disillusions that their motives and a knowledge of this part of the compensate for the journey to this so-little-known world. All these Mr. Imbrie has. The Bol¬ part of the world. shevists have put a price on his head, growing EDWARD G. LOWRY. out of his experiences in Russia, and Kemal has Angora, April 27, 1923. given him armed guards, who are on duty day (From the Philadelphia Public Ledger.) and night about his car. The car is the social center of Angora for the resident American colony, consisting of young Warner, a Standard ADDITIONAL DIPLOMATIC Oil man, and Arthur Chester, son of the admiral who gave his name to the “Chester project.” ASSIGNMENTS Mrs. Imbrie, a Massachusetts girl and a bride of Craig W. Wadsworth, Lima. three months, is equally a factor with Mr. Imbrie. Herschel V. Johnson, Department. She speaks some Turkish, and the Turkish women Philander L. Cable, Sofia. like her. Benjamin Thaw, Jr., Santiago. It is most upsetting to all one’s preconceived Oliver B. Harriman, Copenhagen. notion of Turkey and Turkish conventions about Frederick D. K. Le Clercq, Tokyo. women to be told, “I am going to bring a Hallet Johnson, Madrid. charming woman to tea; do come and meet her,” Harold L. Williamson, Bogota. and find upon your arrival an unveiled, unaccom¬ J. Theodore Marriner, Department.

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[252] American Consuls Abroad This spring and summer probably more travelers are going abroad than have gone for the past 5 years. The great U. S. Government ships have been taxed to capacity to accommodate the eager throngs. This means new opportunities and new responsibilities for every American Consul. He should see that every American returns to America in an American ship. Recommend American Ships Contribute to the continued success of the American Merchant Marine,—your fleet. Rec¬ ommend American ships for passage to America to every prospective traveler; and to every busi¬ ness man for freight shipments. 1 he ships are swift, luxurious—among the finest afloat. Their freight and passenger accommodations are unex¬ celled, their service and speed admit no superiors. You confer a great service to your Government and to all travelers when you recommend Amer¬ ican ships.

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UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD Information Bureau Washington, D. C. WHAT YOUR CONSULS DO

American Consuls serve practically every branch of our Government, every business man and, either directly or indirectly, every private citiien. This chart shows how information gathered by them is concentrated in the Department of State and then distributed to the various governmental agencies and to private concerns and individuals. . , A Consul's more important duties are; shown, but by no means all of them.