March 1923) James Francis Cooke
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Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics After World War I
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO WORKING PAPER SERIES Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I Jose A. Lopez Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Kris James Mitchener Santa Clara University CAGE, CEPR, CES-ifo & NBER June 2018 Working Paper 2018-06 https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/working-papers/2018/06/ Suggested citation: Lopez, Jose A., Kris James Mitchener. 2018. “Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I,” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper 2018-06. https://doi.org/10.24148/wp2018-06 The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I Jose A. Lopez Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Kris James Mitchener Santa Clara University CAGE, CEPR, CES-ifo & NBER* May 9, 2018 ABSTRACT. Fiscal deficits, elevated debt-to-GDP ratios, and high inflation rates suggest hyperinflation could have potentially emerged in many European countries after World War I. We demonstrate that economic policy uncertainty was instrumental in pushing a subset of European countries into hyperinflation shortly after the end of the war. Germany, Austria, Poland, and Hungary (GAPH) suffered from frequent uncertainty shocks – and correspondingly high levels of uncertainty – caused by protracted political negotiations over reparations payments, the apportionment of the Austro-Hungarian debt, and border disputes. In contrast, other European countries exhibited lower levels of measured uncertainty between 1919 and 1925, allowing them more capacity with which to implement credible commitments to their fiscal and monetary policies. -
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan. -
Thirty-Second Annual List of Papers
1923.] LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS 485 THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL LIST OF PAPERS READ BEFORE THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY AND SUBSEQUENTLY PUBLISHED, INCLUDING REFERENCES TO THE PLACES OF PUBLICATION ALEXANDER, J. W. A proof and extension of the Jordan-Brouwer separa tion theorem. Read April 29, 1916. Transactions of this Society, vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 333-349; June, 1922. Invariant points of a surface transformation of given class. Read Dec. 28, 1922. Transactions of this Society, vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 173- 184; April, 1923. BARNETT, I. A. Differential equations with a continuous infinitude of variables. Read Dec. 28, 1918. American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 172-190; July, 1922. Linear partial differential equations with a continuous infinitude of variables. Read Dec. 28, 1918, and April 24, 1920. American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 42-53; Jan., 1923. BELL, E. T. On restricted systems of higher indeterminate equations. Read (San Francisco) June 18, 1920. Transactions of this Society, vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 483-488; Oct., 1921. Anharmonic polynomial generalizations of the numbers of Bernoulli and Euler. Read (San Francisco) April 9, 1921. Transactions of this Society, vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 89-112; Sept., 1922. Periodicities in the theory of partitions. Read (San Francisco) April 8, 1922. Annals of Mathematics, (2), vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 1-22; Sept., 1922. Relations between the numbers of Bernoulli, Euler, Genocchi, and Lucas. Read (San Francisco) April 8, 1922. Messenger of Mathe matics, vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 56-64, and No. 5, pp. 65-68; Aug. -
Fairy Tale Versions~
FAIRY TALES/FOLK TALES Fairy Tales are a type of folktale in which magic plays a great part. Compiled by Sheila Kirven GENERAL Anderson, Hans Christian Steadfast Tin Soldier Juv.A544ste Armstrong, Gerry The magic bagpipe Juv. 788.9 .A735m Browne, Anthony Into the Forest Juv. B882i (Story incorporates elements of familiar tales) Casserley, Anne Roseen Juv. 398.21 .C344r Chapman, Gaynor The Luck Child Juv. 398.21.C466l 1968 De Regniers, Beatrice Little Sister and the Month Brothers Juv. D431Li Schenk The House in the Wood and Other Old Fairy Stories Juv. 398.2.G864h Little Lit: Folklore and Fairy Tale Funnies Juv.398.21.F666 Hennessy, B. G. Once Upon a Time Map Book: Take a Tour Juv.H515o of Six Enchanted Lands (Peter Pan, Wizard of Oz, Alice in Wonderland, Jack and then Beanstalk, Aladdin, Snow White) Jacobs, Joseph The buried moon; a tale told by Joseph Jacobs. Juv. 398.21 .J17b Jacobs, Joseph Indian fairy tales Juv.398.2 .J17i 1969 MacDonald, George, The golden key Juv. M135g Matsutani, Miyoko, The crane maiden. Juv. 98.21 .M434c My Storytime Collection of First Favorite tales Juv. 398.2.M995 2002 O’Malley, Kevin Once upon a cool motorcycle dude Juv. O543o (Two classmates try to tell a fairy tale to their class with some imaginative twists to some well-known fairy tale elements!) Oxenbury, Helen. Helen Oxenbury nursery story book. Juv. 398.21 .O98h San Jose, Christine Little Match Girl Juv. 398.21.A544j San Souci, Robert D. White Cat Juv.398.21.SS229w 1990 Singer, Marilyn Follow Follow: A book of Reverso poems Juv.811.54.S617f (Poems -
Commonlit | the Pied Piper of Hamelin
Name: Class: The Pied Piper of Hamelin By Robert Browning 1888 Robert Browning (1812-1889) was an English poet and playwright known for his dramatic verse. “The Pied Piper of Hamelin,” published in 1888, is a poetic retelling of the German legend from the Middle Ages in which a man is hired to lure rats away from a town with his magic pipe. As you read, take notes on the Piper's actions and motivations. [1] Hamelin town's in Brunswick, By famous Hanover city; The River Weser, deep and wide, Washes its wall on the southern side; [5] A pleasanter spot you never spied; But, when begins my ditty, Almost five hundred years ago, To see townsfolk suffer so From vermin, was a pity. [10] Rats! They fought the dogs, and killed the cats, And bit the babies in the cradles, And ate the cheeses out of the vats, And licked the soup from the cook's own ladles, [15] Split open the kegs of salted sprats,1 "Pied Piper with Children" by Kate Greenaway is in the public Made nests inside men's Sunday hats, domain. And even spoiled the women's chats, By drowning their speaking With shrieking and squeaking [20] In fifty different sharps and flats. 1. a small fish of the herring family 1 At last the people in a body To the Town Hall came flocking: "'Tis clear," cried they, "our Mayor's a noddy;2 And as for our Corporation—shocking [25] To think we buy gowns lined with ermine3 For dolts4 that can't or won't determine What's best to rid us of our vermin! You hope, because you're old and obese, To find in the furry civic robe ease? [30] Rouse up, sirs! Give your brains a racking To find the remedy we're lacking, Or, sure as fate, we'll send you packing!" At this the Mayor and Corporation Quaked with a mighty consternation.5 [35] An hour they sat in council, At length the Mayor broke silence: "For a guilder6 I'd my ermine gown sell, I wish I were a mile hence! It's easy to bid one rack one's brain — [40] I'm sure my poor head aches again I've scratched it so, and all in vain. -
Fairy Tales & Legends: the Novels
Koertge, Ron. Lies, Knives and Girls in Red Dresses (Little Red Riding Hood) Levine, Gail Carson. Fairest (Snow White isn’t the fairest of them all) These are tales that are written in full Lo, Malinda. novel form, with intricately developed Ash (Cinderella) plots and characters. Sometimes the Marillier, Juliet. version is altered, such as taking place in a Wildwood Dancing (The Frog Prince different location or being told through and Twelve Dancing Princesses, set in the eyes of a different character. Transylvania) Anderson, Jodi Lynn. Martin, Rafe. Tiger Lily (Peter Pan) Birdwing (A continuation of Six Swans) Barron, T.A. Masson, Sophie. The Lost Years of Merlin series Serafin (Puss in Boots, only the cat is an Great Tree of Avalon series angel in disguise) Bunce, Elizabeth. McKinley, Robin. A Curse as Dark as Gold (Rumplestiltskin) Beauty (Beauty & the Beast) Coombs, Kate. Spindle’s End (Sleeping Beauty) The Runaway Princess Meyer, Marissa. (A new twist on old tales) Lunar Chronicles (Dystopian fairy tales) Crossley-Holland, Kevin. Meyer, Walter Dean. Arthur trilogy Amiri & Odette (Swan Lake set in the Projects) Delsol, Wendy. Stork trilogy (Snow Queen) Napoli, Donna Jo. Dokey, Cameron. Beast (Beauty & the Beast, set in Persia, Golden (Rapunzel) told from Beast’s point of view) Beauty Sleep (Sleeping Beauty) Breath (Pied Piper) Donoghue, Emma. Crazy Jack (Jack and the Beanstalk; Kissing the Witch (13 tales loosely Jack’s looking for his dad) connected to each other) The Magic Circle (Hansel & Gretel; the witch’s story) Durst, Sarah Beth. Ice (East of the Sun, West of the Moon) Pearce, Jackson. -
Live to Re-Tell the Tale
Live to Re-tell the Tale.... Select a favourite fairy tale that you would like to re-tell. Then, choose one character from the story who will present the tale from his/her point of view. Consider the following questions as you think about your Re-told Tale: Will the story be different because of the character you have chosen? For example, if that character is a Big Bad Wolf or an Evil Witch, how might you change the story to reflect that character’s take on the story? Will there be added scenes in your tale based on the character you have chosen? For example, if you chose to tell the tale of Cinderella from the Fairy Godmother’s perspective, what might be different about your story (ie., before, during and after the ball?) How will the dialogue in the story be different as it comes from your character? Do you want to make your main character a more modernized, or nicer, or meaner version than in the original tale? What other information do you want to share about your character that might not have been part of the original story? You do not have to rewrite the entire tale, but can write a synopsis of it. (A synopsis is like a summary, that lets the reader or listener know what the whole story is about). Your synopsis can be in point form, in mini paragraphs, or in whatever form you like. You will present your story ORALLY to the group, so you can also think about how your presentation will be different than an entire written story. -
The Pied Piper of Hamelin Role-Play Level 4
The Pied Piper of Hamelin Role-play Level 4 Cast Non-speaking roles (2 or 3 children for each role) ? Narrator 1 Pied Piper Children Rats ? Narrator 2 Mayor People of Hamelin Work with the children to allocate characters and prepare a short performance. Discuss the stage directions in advance and make sure the children understand how to follow the script. Narrator 1: One day, a strange man went to see the mayor. He was wearing red and yellow clothes and he carried a pipe in his hand. Pied Piper: I am the Pied Piper and I can make the rats leave Hamelin. Mayor: If you can make these rats leave Hamelin, I will give you lots of money. Pied Piper: I will remember that. Narrator 2: Then, the strange man went into the streets of Hamelin. He began to play some strange music on his pipe. (The Piper plays. The rats stop and listen.) Narrator 1: The rats heard the music and they stopped to listen. Suddenly, one rat followed the Pied Piper. Then, another rat followed him. And another. Soon, all the rats were following the Pied Piper. (The rats follow the Piper to the river.) Copyright © LadybirdCopyright Books Ltd, 2018 page 1 The Pied Piper of Hamelin Role-play Level 4 Narrator 2: The Pied Piper walked toward the river. He was still playing the strange music on his pipe. The rats followed him and they all jumped into the river. And that was the end of the rats in Hamelin. (The Pied Piper returns to the mayor.) Narrator 1: The Pied Piper went back to see the mayor. -
Germany 1919-1941 U.S
U.S. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE REPORTS : GERMANY 1919-1941 U.S. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE REPORTS: GERMANY, 1919-1941 Edited by Dale Reynolds Guide Compiled by Robert Lester A Microfilm Project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 44 North Market Street • Frederick, MD 21701 Copyright© 1983 by University Publications of America, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-89093^26-6. Note on Sources The Documents in this Collection are from the National Archives and Record Service, Washington, D.C., Record Group #165. Mil- itary Intelligence Division Files: Germany. TABLE OF CONTENTS Red Index 1 Reel I 1 Reel II 6 Reel III 10 Reel IV 15 Reel V 18 Reel VI 22 Reel VII 25 Reel VIII 29 Reel IX 31 Reel X 33 Reel XI 33 Reel XII 34 Reel XIII 35 Reel XIV 38 Reel XV 39 Reel XVI 41 Reel XVII 43 Reel XVIII 45 Reel XIX 47 Reel XX 49 Reel XXI 52 Reel XXII 54 Reel XXIII 56 Reel XXIV 58 Reel XXV 61 Reel XXVI 63 Reel XXVII 65 Reel XXVIII 68 Subject Index 71 Dates to Remember February 3,1917 Severance of U.S. Diplomatic Relations with Germany; Declara- tion of War November 11,1918 Armistice December 1, 1918 U.S. Troops of the 3rd Army cross the Rhine and Occupy the Rhine Province July 2,1919 Departure of the U.S. 3rd Army; the U.S. Army of the Rhine Occupies Coblenz in the Rhine Province December 10, 1921 Presentation of Credentials of the U.S. Charge d'Affaires in Berlin April 22, 1922 Withdrawal of U.S. -
The Ends of Four Big Inflations
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Inflation: Causes and Effects Volume Author/Editor: Robert E. Hall Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-31323-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/hall82-1 Publication Date: 1982 Chapter Title: The Ends of Four Big Inflations Chapter Author: Thomas J. Sargent Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11452 Chapter pages in book: (p. 41 - 98) The Ends of Four Big Inflations Thomas J. Sargent 2.1 Introduction Since the middle 1960s, many Western economies have experienced persistent and growing rates of inflation. Some prominent economists and statesmen have become convinced that this inflation has a stubborn, self-sustaining momentum and that either it simply is not susceptible to cure by conventional measures of monetary and fiscal restraint or, in terms of the consequent widespread and sustained unemployment, the cost of eradicating inflation by monetary and fiscal measures would be prohibitively high. It is often claimed that there is an underlying rate of inflation which responds slowly, if at all, to restrictive monetary and fiscal measures.1 Evidently, this underlying rate of inflation is the rate of inflation that firms and workers have come to expect will prevail in the future. There is momentum in this process because firms and workers supposedly form their expectations by extrapolating past rates of inflation into the future. If this is true, the years from the middle 1960s to the early 1980s have left firms and workers with a legacy of high expected rates of inflation which promise to respond only slowly, if at all, to restrictive monetary and fiscal policy actions. -
Month Calendar 1923 & Holidays 1923
January 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 New Year's Day 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3 Martin Luther King Day 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 4 28 29 30 31 5 January 1923 Calendar February 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 7 Lincoln's Birthday Mardi Gras Carnival Valentine's Day 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 8 Presidents Day and Washington's Birthday 25 26 27 28 9 February 1923 Calendar March 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 Daylight Saving St. Patrick's Day 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 12 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 13 Good Friday March 1923 Calendar April 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 Easter April Fool's Day Easter Monday 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 29 30 18 April 1923 Calendar May 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 18 Cinco de Mayo 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Mother's Day Armed Forces Day 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 21 Pentecost Pentecost Monday 27 28 29 30 31 22 Memorial Day May 1923 Calendar June 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 22 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 23 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 24 Flag Day 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 Father's Day 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 26 June 1923 Calendar July 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 27 Independence Day 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 15 16 17 18 19 -
La Traviata Stagione D’Opera 2013 / 2014 Giuseppe Verdi La Traviata
G L a i 1 u t r s a e v p i p a e t a V e r d i S t a g i o n e d ’ O p e r a LaGiutsrepapevVeiradi ta 2 0 1 3 / 2 0 1 4 Stagione d’Opera 2013 / 2014 La traviata Melodramma in tre atti Libretto di Francesco Maria Piave Musica di Giuseppe Verdi Nuova produzione Teatro alla Scala EDIZIONI DEL TEATRO ALLA SCALA TEATRO ALLA SCALA PRIMA RAPPRESENTAZIONE Sabato 7 dicembre 2013, ore 18 REPLICHE dicembre Giovedì 12 Ore 20 - Turno D Domenica 15 Ore 20 - Turno B Mercoledì 18 Ore 20 - Turno A Domenica 22 Ore 15 - Turno C Sabato 28 Ore 20 - Turno E Martedì 31 Ore 18 - Fuori abbonamento gennaio Venerdì 3 Ore 20 - Turno N Anteprima dedicata ai Giovani LaScalaUNDER30 Mercoledì 4 dicembre 2013, ore 18 In copertina: La traviata di Giuseppe Verdi. Regia e scene di Dmitri Tcherniakov, costumi di Yelena Zaytseva, luci di Gleb Filshtinsky. Allestimento realizzato per l'inaugurazione della stagione scaligera 2013-14, rendering di una delle scene ideate da Dmitri Tcherniakov. SOMMARIO 5 La traviata. Il libretto 34 Il soggetto Emilio Sala Argument – Synopsis – Die Handlung ––࠶ࡽࡍࡌ Сюжет 46 L’opera in breve Emilio Sala 48 ...la musica Claudio Toscani 53 Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes in terra italina Antonio Rostagno 71 Fisiologia della Traviata Emilio Sala 93 Eros e charitas nella Traviata Paolo Gallarati 131 Un mondo a parte Benedetta Craveri 147 Nota sull’edizione della Traviata Daniele Gatti 149 “Di quell’amor...” (Note di regia) Dmitri Tcherniakov 154 La traviata alla Scala dal 1859 al 2008 Andrea Vitalini 203 Daniele Gatti 205 Dmitri Tcherniakov 206 Gleb Filshtinsky 207 Yelena Zaytseva 208 La traviata.