Special Libraries, May 1923
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Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics After World War I
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO WORKING PAPER SERIES Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I Jose A. Lopez Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Kris James Mitchener Santa Clara University CAGE, CEPR, CES-ifo & NBER June 2018 Working Paper 2018-06 https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/working-papers/2018/06/ Suggested citation: Lopez, Jose A., Kris James Mitchener. 2018. “Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I,” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper 2018-06. https://doi.org/10.24148/wp2018-06 The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Uncertainty and Hyperinflation: European Inflation Dynamics after World War I Jose A. Lopez Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Kris James Mitchener Santa Clara University CAGE, CEPR, CES-ifo & NBER* May 9, 2018 ABSTRACT. Fiscal deficits, elevated debt-to-GDP ratios, and high inflation rates suggest hyperinflation could have potentially emerged in many European countries after World War I. We demonstrate that economic policy uncertainty was instrumental in pushing a subset of European countries into hyperinflation shortly after the end of the war. Germany, Austria, Poland, and Hungary (GAPH) suffered from frequent uncertainty shocks – and correspondingly high levels of uncertainty – caused by protracted political negotiations over reparations payments, the apportionment of the Austro-Hungarian debt, and border disputes. In contrast, other European countries exhibited lower levels of measured uncertainty between 1919 and 1925, allowing them more capacity with which to implement credible commitments to their fiscal and monetary policies. -
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan. -
Thirty-Second Annual List of Papers
1923.] LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS 485 THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL LIST OF PAPERS READ BEFORE THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY AND SUBSEQUENTLY PUBLISHED, INCLUDING REFERENCES TO THE PLACES OF PUBLICATION ALEXANDER, J. W. A proof and extension of the Jordan-Brouwer separa tion theorem. Read April 29, 1916. Transactions of this Society, vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 333-349; June, 1922. Invariant points of a surface transformation of given class. Read Dec. 28, 1922. Transactions of this Society, vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 173- 184; April, 1923. BARNETT, I. A. Differential equations with a continuous infinitude of variables. Read Dec. 28, 1918. American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 172-190; July, 1922. Linear partial differential equations with a continuous infinitude of variables. Read Dec. 28, 1918, and April 24, 1920. American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 42-53; Jan., 1923. BELL, E. T. On restricted systems of higher indeterminate equations. Read (San Francisco) June 18, 1920. Transactions of this Society, vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 483-488; Oct., 1921. Anharmonic polynomial generalizations of the numbers of Bernoulli and Euler. Read (San Francisco) April 9, 1921. Transactions of this Society, vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 89-112; Sept., 1922. Periodicities in the theory of partitions. Read (San Francisco) April 8, 1922. Annals of Mathematics, (2), vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 1-22; Sept., 1922. Relations between the numbers of Bernoulli, Euler, Genocchi, and Lucas. Read (San Francisco) April 8, 1922. Messenger of Mathe matics, vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 56-64, and No. 5, pp. 65-68; Aug. -
Volume 41, Number 02 (February 1923) James Francis Cooke
Gardner-Webb University Digital Commons @ Gardner-Webb University The tudeE Magazine: 1883-1957 John R. Dover Memorial Library 2-1-1923 Volume 41, Number 02 (February 1923) James Francis Cooke Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude Part of the Composition Commons, Ethnomusicology Commons, Fine Arts Commons, History Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, Music Education Commons, Musicology Commons, Music Pedagogy Commons, Music Performance Commons, Music Practice Commons, and the Music Theory Commons Recommended Citation Cooke, James Francis. "Volume 41, Number 02 (February 1923)." , (1923). https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/698 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the John R. Dover Memorial Library at Digital Commons @ Gardner-Webb University. It has been accepted for inclusion in The tudeE Magazine: 1883-1957 by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Gardner-Webb University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 4 ETUDE MUSIC MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1923 A Wealth of Rewards For Your Spare Time Just a little enthusiastic time spent in get¬ Thousands Have Done Everybody Needs Some ting new subscriptions for ETUDE MUSIC This for Years of MAGAZINE will bring them to you without Why Not YOU ? These Premiums one penny outlay. For Three New Subscriptions O’CEDAR MOP. WATER^^: PROOF APRON,i?ub8Criplion neat and attractive. I YourOwn Subscription FREE Our Most Popular Premium LAVALLIERE—solid gold, large amethyst and THREE PIECE SHIRTWAIST SET—consists 4 pearls with baroque pearl pendant. of bar pin and two small pins—gold filled, Send three subscriptions at $2.00 each ($6.00 in all) and very popular. -
Survey of Current Business July 1923
MONTHLY SUPPLEMENT TO COMMERCE REPORTS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS COMPILED BY BUREAU OF THE CENSUS : BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE : BUREAU OF STANDARDS No. 23 JULY 1923 CONTENTS Page. Pag«. Summary for May 1 Trend of business movements—Continued. Business indicators (diagrams and table) 2 Tobacco 37 Wholesale price comparisons (diagram and table) 4 Transportation 37 Comparison of wholesale price index numbers (diagram) 6 Labor 38 Business conditions in May 7 Price index numbers 38 Employment in basic industries (diagrams) 19 Distribution movement 39 Index numbers of production and marketing 21 Public finance 40 Trend of business movements: Banking and finance 40 Summary of business 23 Foreign exchange and trade 42 Textiles 24 Trade and industry of foreign countries 43 Metals 25 Monthly data since 1913 45 Fuel and power 27 Detailed tables: Paper and printing 28 Cotton 46 Rubber and automobiles 29 Public utilities 48 Glass and optical goods 29 Miscellaneous 50 Building and construction 29 World crop production 52 Hides and leather 32 Imports into the United States ,.. 54 Chemicals, naval stores, and oils 33 Exports from the United States 55 Foodstuffs 34 Sources of data 57 SUMMARY FOR MAY. Production of commodities continued at the level Distribution through wholesale channels was larger attained in March and generally exceeded the ApriJ than in April. Retail sales in mail-order houses made output. Several important industries, such as pig a seasonal decline, but chain-store and department- iron, steel ingots, petroleum, and automobiles, again store trade was larger than in April. Bank clearings made new high records. -
Germany 1919-1941 U.S
U.S. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE REPORTS : GERMANY 1919-1941 U.S. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE REPORTS: GERMANY, 1919-1941 Edited by Dale Reynolds Guide Compiled by Robert Lester A Microfilm Project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 44 North Market Street • Frederick, MD 21701 Copyright© 1983 by University Publications of America, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-89093^26-6. Note on Sources The Documents in this Collection are from the National Archives and Record Service, Washington, D.C., Record Group #165. Mil- itary Intelligence Division Files: Germany. TABLE OF CONTENTS Red Index 1 Reel I 1 Reel II 6 Reel III 10 Reel IV 15 Reel V 18 Reel VI 22 Reel VII 25 Reel VIII 29 Reel IX 31 Reel X 33 Reel XI 33 Reel XII 34 Reel XIII 35 Reel XIV 38 Reel XV 39 Reel XVI 41 Reel XVII 43 Reel XVIII 45 Reel XIX 47 Reel XX 49 Reel XXI 52 Reel XXII 54 Reel XXIII 56 Reel XXIV 58 Reel XXV 61 Reel XXVI 63 Reel XXVII 65 Reel XXVIII 68 Subject Index 71 Dates to Remember February 3,1917 Severance of U.S. Diplomatic Relations with Germany; Declara- tion of War November 11,1918 Armistice December 1, 1918 U.S. Troops of the 3rd Army cross the Rhine and Occupy the Rhine Province July 2,1919 Departure of the U.S. 3rd Army; the U.S. Army of the Rhine Occupies Coblenz in the Rhine Province December 10, 1921 Presentation of Credentials of the U.S. Charge d'Affaires in Berlin April 22, 1922 Withdrawal of U.S. -
The Ends of Four Big Inflations
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Inflation: Causes and Effects Volume Author/Editor: Robert E. Hall Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-31323-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/hall82-1 Publication Date: 1982 Chapter Title: The Ends of Four Big Inflations Chapter Author: Thomas J. Sargent Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11452 Chapter pages in book: (p. 41 - 98) The Ends of Four Big Inflations Thomas J. Sargent 2.1 Introduction Since the middle 1960s, many Western economies have experienced persistent and growing rates of inflation. Some prominent economists and statesmen have become convinced that this inflation has a stubborn, self-sustaining momentum and that either it simply is not susceptible to cure by conventional measures of monetary and fiscal restraint or, in terms of the consequent widespread and sustained unemployment, the cost of eradicating inflation by monetary and fiscal measures would be prohibitively high. It is often claimed that there is an underlying rate of inflation which responds slowly, if at all, to restrictive monetary and fiscal measures.1 Evidently, this underlying rate of inflation is the rate of inflation that firms and workers have come to expect will prevail in the future. There is momentum in this process because firms and workers supposedly form their expectations by extrapolating past rates of inflation into the future. If this is true, the years from the middle 1960s to the early 1980s have left firms and workers with a legacy of high expected rates of inflation which promise to respond only slowly, if at all, to restrictive monetary and fiscal policy actions. -
Yesterday's News: Media Framing of Hitler's Early Years, 1923-1924
92 — The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, Vol. 6, No. 1 • Spring 2015 Yesterday’s News: Media Framing of Hitler’s Early Years, 1923-1924 Katherine Blunt Journalism and History Elon University Abstract This research used media framing theory to assess newspaper coverage of Hitler published in The New York Times, The Christian Science Monitor, and The Washington Post between 1923 and 1924. An analysis of about 200 articles revealed “credible” and “non-credible” frames relating to his political influence. Prior to Hitler’s trial for treason in 1924, the credible frame was slightly more prevalent. Following his subsequent conviction, the non-credible frame dominated coverage, with reports often presenting Hitler’s failure to over- throw the Bavarian government as evidence of his lack of political skill. This research provides insight into the way American media cover foreign leaders before and after a tipping point—one or more events that call into question their political efficacy. I. Introduction The resentment, suspicion, and chaos that defined global politics during the Great arW continued into the 1920s. Germany plunged into a state of political and economic turmoil following the ratification of the punitive Treaty of Versailles, and the Allies watched with trepidation as it struggled to make reparations pay- ments. The bill — equivalent to 33 billion dollars then and more than 400 billion dollars today — grew increas- ingly daunting as the value of the mark fell from 400 to the dollar in 1922 to 7,000 to the dollar at the start of 1923, when Bavaria witnessed the improbable rise of an Austrian-born artist-turned-politician who channeled German outrage into a nationalistic, anti-Semitic movement that came to be known as the Nazi Party.1 Ameri- can media outlets, intent on documenting the chaotic state of post-war Europe, took notice of Adolf Hitler as he attracted a following and, through their coverage, essentially introduced him to the American public. -
Jefferson County (Page 1 of 24) Office: Chancery Court
Jefferson County (Page 1 of 24) Office: Chancery Court Type of Record Vol Dates Roll Format Notes Enrollment Books 1 Feb 1872 - Nov 1876 A-328 35mm Minutes 1-3 Apr 1836 - Apr 1865 1 35mm Minutes 4-5 Jun 1865 - Nov 1871 2 35mm Minutes 6-7 Mar 1872 - Jul 1880 3 35mm Minutes 8-9 Jul 1880 - Jan 1890 4 35mm Minutes 10-11 Jul 1890 - May 1899 5 35mm Minutes 12 May 1899 - Jul 1904 6 35mm Minutes 13-14 May 1904 - May 1915 A-323 35mm Minutes 15-16 May 1915 - May 1924 A-324 35mm Minutes 17-18 May 1924 - May 1932 A-325 35mm Minutes 19-20 May 1932 - May 1948 A-326 35mm Minutes 21 Nov 1948 - May 1962 A-327 35mm Minutes 22-27 May 1962 - Jun 1970 A-12,297 16mm Minutes 28-33 Jun 1970 - Mar 1975 A-12,298 16mm Minutes 34-39 Mar 1975 - Apr 1978 A-12,299 16mm Minutes 40-45 Apr 1978 - Jul 1980 A-12,300 16mm Minutes 46-51 Jul 1980 - Jul 1982 A-12,301 16mm Minutes 52-56 Jul 1982 - Jan 1984 A-12,302 16mm Minutes 57-62 Jan 1984 - Aug 1985 A-12,303 16mm Minutes 63-68 Aug 1985 - Apr 1987 A-12,304 16mm Minutes 69-74 Apr 1987 - Dec 1988 A-12,305 16mm Minutes 75-80 Dec 1988 - Feb 1990 A-12,306 16mm Minutes 81-86 Feb 1990 - Mar 1991 A-12,307 16mm Minutes 87-93 Mar 1991 - Jul 1992 A-12,308 16mm Minutes 94-99 Jul 1992 - Dec 1993 A-12,309 16mm Minutes 100-104 Dec 1993 - Jul 1995 A-12,310 16mm Minutes, Chamber 1-3 Jun 1937 - Aug 1968 A-12,296 16mm Jefferson County (Page 2 of 24) Office: Circuit Court Type of Record Vol Dates Roll Format Notes Minutes, Civil Apr 1844 - Dec 1848 7 35mm Minutes, Civil Apr 1852 - Dec 1860 8 35mm Minutes, Civil Apr 1861 - Dec 1972 7 35mm Minutes, -
Month Calendar 1923 & Holidays 1923
January 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 New Year's Day 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3 Martin Luther King Day 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 4 28 29 30 31 5 January 1923 Calendar February 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 7 Lincoln's Birthday Mardi Gras Carnival Valentine's Day 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 8 Presidents Day and Washington's Birthday 25 26 27 28 9 February 1923 Calendar March 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 Daylight Saving St. Patrick's Day 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 12 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 13 Good Friday March 1923 Calendar April 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 Easter April Fool's Day Easter Monday 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 29 30 18 April 1923 Calendar May 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 18 Cinco de Mayo 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Mother's Day Armed Forces Day 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 21 Pentecost Pentecost Monday 27 28 29 30 31 22 Memorial Day May 1923 Calendar June 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 22 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 23 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 24 Flag Day 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 Father's Day 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 26 June 1923 Calendar July 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 27 Independence Day 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 15 16 17 18 19 -
The Conservatives in British Government and the Search for a Social Policy 1918-1923
71-22,488 HOGAN, Neil William, 1936- THE CONSERVATIVES IN BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE SEARCH FOR A SOCIAL POLICY 1918-1923. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE CONSERVATIVES IN BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE SEARCH FOR A SOCIAL POLICY 1918-1923 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Neil William Hogan, B.S.S., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by I AdvAdviser iser Department of History PREFACE I would like to acknowledge my thanks to Mr. Geoffrey D.M. Block, M.B.E. and Mrs. Critch of the Conservative Research Centre for the use of Conservative Party material; A.J.P. Taylor of the Beaverbrook Library for his encouragement and helpful suggestions and his efficient and courteous librarian, Mr. Iago. In addition, I wish to thank the staffs of the British Museum, Public Record Office, West Sussex Record Office, and the University of Birmingham Library for their aid. To my adviser, Professor Phillip P. Poirier, a special acknowledgement#for his suggestions and criticisms were always useful and wise. I also want to thank my mother who helped in the typing and most of all my wife, Janet, who typed and proofread the paper and gave so much encouragement in the whole project. VITA July 27, 1936 . Bom, Cleveland, Ohio 1958 .......... B.S.S., John Carroll University Cleveland, Ohio 1959 - 1965 .... U. -
CLEVELAND, 0 ., FEBRUARY, 1923 Number Two
The Baptist Herald A DENOMI NATIONAL MONTHLY V0°ICJ NG T H E INT ERESTS O F T H E GERMAN BAPTIST YOUNG PEOPLE'S AND SUNDAY SCHOOL WORKERS' UNIO N Volur;ne One CLEVELAND, 0 ., FEBRUARY, 1923 Number Two REV. G. A. S CHUL T E February, J 922 THE BAPTIST H:B:RALD r 3 What's Happening Rev. H. G. Braun, Pastor at Irving affiliation remains with the Bethel Park, Chicago, has accepted the call of Church. has received 80 new members since the church at Pekin, I11., and will en Easter. The Baptist Herald The Young People's Society of tl:e ter upon his new pastorate in the early Miss Lydia Mindrup, daughter of Rev. part of February. Fleischmann Memol'ial Church in Phila delphia heartily invite you to the third and Mrs. F r. l\Iindrup of Buffalo Cen ''Resolved, that fancy work is, more ter, Ia., after an illness of several Stewardship and the Young People March 4: "Our Obligation Towards God's Owner- beneficial to girls than r eading." This annual Young People's Conference of the ship of Us." Atlantic Conference, to be held during months, died of heart failure, Jan. 1, a was the topic of a well-rendered de aged 23 years. Interment took place in HE Denominational Finan.ce Committee held. March 11: "The Hallowing of Our Whole Life." bate at one of the meetings of the the Lincoln Holidays, Feb. 10- 12 in meeting in Cle veland during the ~rs t week m clusive. As a very heavy registration is Shell Creek, Nebr.