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Simulation of Liquefaction-Induced Damage of the Port of Long Beach Using the UBC3DPLM Model December 2016 6

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Simulation of Liquefaction-Induced Damage of the Port of Long Beach Using the UBC3DPLM Model December 2016 6 STATE OF CALIFORNIA • DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ADA Notice TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE For individuals with sensory disabilities, this document is available in alternate TR0003 (REV 10/98) formats. For information call (916) 654-6410 or TDD (916) 654-3880 or write Records and Forms Management, 1120 N Street, MS-89, Sacramento, CA 95814. 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION NUMBER 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER CA16-2933 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT DATE Simulation of Liquefaction-induced Damage of the Port of Long Beach Using the UBC3DPLM Model December 2016 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 7. AUTHOR 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO. Luis G. Arboleda-Monsalve; Hung Nguyen METRANS PROJECT 15-02 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NUMBER University of Southern California METRANS Transportation Center Sol Price School of Public Policy 11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER Ralph and Goldy Lewis Hall RGL 216 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0626 65A0533 TO 12 12. SPONSORING AGENCY AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED California Department of Transportation Final Report Division of Research, Innovation, and System Information 10/21/2015 to 09/01/2016 P.O. Box 942873 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE Sacramento, CA 942873 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 16. ABSTRACT In the past decades, expansion projects of port facilities in California, USA, have been completed by placing hydraulic fills. These loose manmade fills and even their subjacent natural estuarine and marine deposits, have shown to be susceptible to liquefaction. The case of study presented in this research, the Port of Long Beach (POLB), Pier S, which is located within a few miles of the Newport-Inglewood and the Palm Verdes faults, offers a unique opportunity to use advanced constitutive soil models to study liquefaction. This research is presented to develop the following specific objectives: i) to calibrate constitutive model parameters to reproduce laboratory tests following different stress paths and shear strain levels; ii) to assess the use of an advanced constitutive soil model (UBC3D-PLM) to predict the soil behavior at the POLB, Pier S when a seismic event induces liquefaction; iii) to provide recommendations related to the permanent deformations of soils which could compromise the resiliency of the port. A semi- empirical evaluation of the liquefaction triggering and settlements were developed. Then, numerical analyses using the UBC3D- PLM soil model were used to determine the onset of liquefaction and estimate ground-induced settlements based on post- liquefaction excess pore pressure dissipation. This work presents the results of boundary value element simulations of cyclic undrained direct simple shear and monotonic triaxial compression. Numerical simulations are performed to study the free-field response and behavior of hypothetical structures when an Operating and Contingency Level Earthquakes occur. The assessment of liquefaction susceptibility based on semi-empirical methods showed that Unit B is the only liquefiable layer under both earthquake levels. Generally, large discrepancies were observed in the calculation of liquefaction-induced ground settlements using classical semi-empirical approaches. 17. KEY WORDS 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Liquefaction, Constitutive Model, Settlement, Numerical Analyses. No restrictions. This document is available to the public through CALTRANS and METRANS website: https://www.metrans. org/research/simulation- liquefaction-induced-damage-port-long- beachusing-ubc3d-plm-model 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION (of this report) 20. NUMBER OF PAGES 21. COST OF REPORT CHARGED Unclassified 167 Reproduction of completed page authorized. DISCLAIMER STATEMENT This document is disseminated in the interest of information exchange. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California or the Federal Highway Administration. This publication does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation. This report does not constitute an endorsement by the Department of any product described herein. For individuals with sensory disabilities, this document is available in alternate formats. For information, call (916) 654-8899, TTY 711, or write to California Department of Transportation, Division of Research, Innovation and System Information, MS-83, P.O. Box 942873, Sacramento, CA 94273-0001. SIMULATION OF LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED DAMAGE OF THE PORT OF LONG BEACH USING THE UBC3D-PLM MODEL Final Report METRANS PROJECT 15-02 December 2016 Principal Investigator Luis G. Arboleda-Monsalve Assistant Professor Co-Principal Investigator Hung Nguyen Professor Research Assistants Jaime Andres Mercado Andrew Sover Andres F. Uribe Deisy Preciado Nestor Avila Department of Civil and Construction Engineering Management California State University, Long Beach Long Beach, CA 90840 II Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the accuracy of the data and information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation, University Transportation Centers Program, the California Department of Transportation and the METRANS Transportation Center in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government, the California Department of Transportation, and California State University, Long Beach assume no liability for the contents or use thereof. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California, CSULB, or the Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Contents III Abstract In the past decades, expansion projects of port facilities in California, USA, have been completed by placing hydraulic fills. These loose man-made fills and even their subjacent natural estuarine and marine deposits, have shown to be susceptible to liquefaction. The case of study presented in this research, the Port of Long Beach (POLB), Pier S, which is located within a few miles of the Newport-Inglewood and the Palos Verdes faults, offers a unique opportunity to use advanced constitutive soil models to study liquefaction. This research is presented to develop the following specific objectives: i) to calibrate constitutive model parameters to reproduce laboratory tests following different stress paths and shear strain levels; ii) to assess the use of an advanced constitutive soil model (UBC3D-PLM) to predict the soil behavior at the POLB, Pier S when a seismic event induces liquefaction; iii) to provide recommendations related to the permanent deformations of soils which could compromise the resiliency of the port. A semi-empirical evaluation of the liquefaction triggering and settlements were developed. Then, numerical analyses using the UBC3D-PLM soil model were used to determine the onset of liquefaction and estimate ground-induced settlements based on post-liquefaction excess pore pressure dissipation. This work presents the results of boundary value element simulations of cyclic undrained direct simple shear and monotonic triaxial compression. Numerical simulations are performed to study the free-field response and behavior of hypothetical structures when an Operating and Contingency Level Earthquakes occur. The assessment of liquefaction susceptibility based on semi-empirical methods showed that Unit B is the only liquefiable layer under both earthquake levels. Generally, large discrepancies were observed in the calculation of liquefaction-induced ground settlements using classical semi-empirical approaches. The numerical simulations showed that Unit B for all earthquake motions developed pore water pressure ratios larger than 85%, which caused significant reductions of the vertical effective stresses, hence, liquefaction occurred. Simulations of hypothetical structures showed that settlement of structures with shallow foundations on liquefiable soils were controlled by a combination of different failures mechanisms. However, it was observed that the model is capable to predict the onset of liquefaction and estimate liquefaction-induced settlements. Keywords: Liquefaction, Constitutive Model, Settlement, Numerical Analyses. Contents IV Table of Contents Page Disclaimer ........................................................................................................................................ I Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ III List of figures ............................................................................................................................... VI List of tables ................................................................................................................................. XI Disclosure .................................................................................................................................... XII 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 2. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND ON SOIL LIQUEFACTION .......................................... 9 2.1 Semi-Empirical Approaches for Liquefaction Evaluation ............................................. 12 2.1.1 Liquefaction Evaluation using Standard Penetration
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