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Alexander the Great and Hephaestion
2019-3337-AJHIS-HIS 1 Alexander the Great and Hephaestion: 2 Censorship and Bisexual Erasure in Post-Macedonian 3 Society 4 5 6 Same-sex relations were common in ancient Greece and having both male and female 7 physical relationships was a cultural norm. However, Alexander the Great is almost 8 always portrayed in modern depictions as heterosexual, and the disappearance of his 9 life-partner Hephaestion is all but complete in ancient literature. Five full primary 10 source biographies of Alexander have survived from antiquity, making it possible to 11 observe the way scholars, popular writers and filmmakers from the Victorian era 12 forward have interpreted this evidence. This research borrows an approach from 13 gender studies, using the phenomenon of bisexual erasure to contribute a new 14 understanding for missing information regarding the relationship between Alexander 15 and his life-partner Hephaestion. In Greek and Macedonian society, pederasty was the 16 norm, and boys and men did not have relations with others of the same age because 17 there was almost always a financial and power difference. Hephaestion was taller and 18 more handsome than Alexander, so it might have appeared that he held the power in 19 their relationship. The hypothesis put forward here suggests that writers have erased 20 the sexual partnership between Alexander and Hephaestion because their relationship 21 did not fit the norm of acceptable pederasty as practiced in Greek and Macedonian 22 culture or was no longer socially acceptable in the Roman contexts of the ancient 23 historians. Ancient biographers may have conducted censorship to conceal any 24 implication of femininity or submissiveness in this relationship. -
Essay 2 Sample Responses
Classics / WAGS 23: Second Essay Responses Grading: I replaced names with a two-letter code (A or B followed by another letter) so that I could read the essays anonymously. I grouped essays by levels of success and cross-read those groups to check that the rankings were consistent. Comments on the assignment: Writers found all manner of things to focus on: Night, crying, hospitality, the return of princes from the dead (Hector, Odysseus), and the exchange of bodies (Hector, Penelope). Here are four interesting and quite different responses: Essay #1: Substitution I Am That I Am: The Nature of Identity in the Iliad and the Odyssey The last book of the Iliad, and the penultimate book of the Odyssey, both deal with the issue of substitution; specifically, of accepting a substitute for a lost loved one. Priam and Achilles become substitutes for each others' absent father and dead son. In contrast, Odysseus's journey is fraught with instances of him refusing to take a substitute for Penelope, and in the end Penelope makes the ultimate verification that Odysseus is not one of the many substitutes that she has been offered over the years. In their contrasting depictions of substitution, the endings of the Iliad and the Odyssey offer insights into each epic's depiction of identity in general. Questions of identity are in the foreground throughout much of the Iliad; one need only try to unravel the symbolism and consequences of Patroclus’ donning Achilles' armor to see how this is so. In the interaction between Achilles and Priam, however, they are particularly poignant. -
Iphigenia in Aulis by Euripides Translated by Nicholas Rudall Directed by Charles Newell
STUDY GUIDE Photo of Mark L. Montgomery, Stephanie Andrea Barron, and Sandra Marquez by joe mazza/brave lux, inc Sponsored by Iphigenia in Aulis by Euripides Translated by Nicholas Rudall Directed by Charles Newell SETTING The action takes place in east-central Greece at the port of Aulis, on the Euripus Strait. The time is approximately 1200 BCE. CHARACTERS Agamemnon father of Iphigenia, husband of Clytemnestra and King of Mycenae Menelaus brother of Agamemnon Clytemnestra mother of Iphigenia, wife of Agamemnon Iphigenia daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra Achilles son of Peleus Chorus women of Chalcis who came to Aulis to see the Greek army Old Man servant of Agamemnon, was given as part of Clytemnestra’s dowry Messenger ABOUT THE PLAY Iphigenia in Aulis is the last existing work of the playwright Euripides. Written between 408 and 406 BCE, the year of Euripides’ death, the play was first produced the following year in a trilogy with The Bacchaeand Alcmaeon in Corinth by his son, Euripides the Younger, and won the first place at the Athenian City Dionysia festival. Agamemnon Costume rendering by Jacqueline Firkins. 2 SYNOPSIS At the start of the play, Agamemnon reveals to the Old Man that his army and warships are stranded in Aulis due to a lack of sailing winds. The winds have died because Agamemnon is being punished by the goddess Artemis, whom he offended. The only way to remedy this situation is for Agamemnon to sacrifice his daughter, Iphigenia, to the goddess Artemis. Agamemnon then admits that he has sent for Iphigenia to be brought to Aulis but he has changed his mind. -
The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology (2007)
P1: JzG 9780521845205pre CUFX147/Woodard 978 0521845205 Printer: cupusbw July 28, 2007 1:25 The Cambridge Companion to GREEK MYTHOLOGY S The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology presents a comprehensive and integrated treatment of ancient Greek mythic tradition. Divided into three sections, the work consists of sixteen original articles authored by an ensemble of some of the world’s most distinguished scholars of classical mythology. Part I provides readers with an examination of the forms and uses of myth in Greek oral and written literature from the epic poetry of the eighth century BC to the mythographic catalogs of the early centuries AD. Part II looks at the relationship between myth, religion, art, and politics among the Greeks and at the Roman appropriation of Greek mythic tradition. The reception of Greek myth from the Middle Ages to modernity, in literature, feminist scholarship, and cinema, rounds out the work in Part III. The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology is a unique resource that will be of interest and value not only to undergraduate and graduate students and professional scholars, but also to anyone interested in the myths of the ancient Greeks and their impact on western tradition. Roger D. Woodard is the Andrew V.V.Raymond Professor of the Clas- sics and Professor of Linguistics at the University of Buffalo (The State University of New York).He has taught in the United States and Europe and is the author of a number of books on myth and ancient civiliza- tion, most recently Indo-European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman Cult. Dr. -
Homer's Iliad Via the Movie Troy (2004)
23 November 2017 Homer’s Iliad via the Movie Troy (2004) PROFESSOR EDITH HALL One of the most successful movies of 2004 was Troy, directed by Wolfgang Petersen and starring Brad Pitt as Achilles. Troy made more than $497 million worldwide and was the 8th- highest-grossing film of 2004. The rolling credits proudly claim that the movie is inspired by the ancient Greek Homeric epic, the Iliad. This was, for classical scholars, an exciting claim. There have been blockbuster movies telling the story of Troy before, notably the 1956 glamorous blockbuster Helen of Troy starring Rossana Podestà, and a television two-episode miniseries which came out in 2003, directed by John Kent Harrison. But there has never been a feature film announcing such a close relationship to the Iliad, the greatest classical heroic action epic. The movie eagerly anticipated by those of us who teach Homer for a living because Petersen is a respected director. He has made some serious and important films. These range from Die Konsequenz (The Consequence), a radical story of homosexual love (1977), to In the Line of Fire (1993) and Air Force One (1997), political thrillers starring Clint Eastwood and Harrison Ford respectively. The Perfect Storm (2000) showed that cataclysmic natural disaster and special effects spectacle were also part of Petersen’s repertoire. His most celebrated film has probably been Das Boot (The Boat) of 1981, the story of the crew of a German U- boat during the Battle of the Atlantic in 1941. The finely judged and politically impartial portrayal of ordinary men, caught up in the terror and tedium of war, suggested that Petersen, if anyone, might be able to do some justice to the Homeric depiction of the Trojan War in the Iliad. -
Extended Abstract Vol 3, Iss 1 International Journal of Advanced
Extended Abstract International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Vol 3, Iss 1 Instrumentation Engineering 2020 Machine Learning 2019: Cassandra-A novel versatile fully scalable Predictive Maintenance solution: Ludovic A. Krundel - IngDan Labs • Cogobuy Group, Comtech Tower, Hong Kong Ludovic A. Krundel IngDan Labs, Cogobuy Group, Comtech Tower, Hong Kong Machines with moving parts induce vibrations. Paris, who demands that he will travel to Sparta, and Various readings such as wavelength, frequency, on the off chance that Hesione isn't returned to him, he phase, amplitude, and more, measure these vibrations. will take Helen. The pressure increments when Analysis of these readings can not only identify but Cassandra encounters a sort of fit and collapses, also facilitate the prediction of faults. Advanced having anticipated the drop of Troy. By the time she calculations such as Fast Fourier Transform and recuperates, Paris has cruised to Sparta and returned, application of pre-trained deep networks lead to bringing Helen, who wears a veil. Cassandra before projection estimates. long starts to suspect—but does not need to believe— that Helen isn't in Troy, after all. No one is allowed to Cassandra provides accurate Predictive Maintenance see her, and Cassandra has seen Paris' previous darling for all types of machinery with moving parts and more Oenone clearing out his room. Be that as it may, she is such as train rails. Our solution is as revolutionary as incapable to acknowledge that Troy—that her father— replacing the horse by the car: using Cassandra in a would proceed to get ready for a war on the off chance factory can avoid considerable costs in the break down that its preface were untrue.In spite of the fact that related expenses. -
Dares Phrygius' De Excidio Trojae Historia: Philological Commentary and Translation
Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Dares Phrygius' De Excidio Trojae Historia: Philological Commentary and Translation Jonathan Cornil Scriptie voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Master in de Taal- en letterkunde (Latijn – Engels) 2011-2012 Promotor: Prof. Dr. W. Verbaal ii Table of Contents Table of Contents iii Foreword v Introduction vii Chapter I. De Excidio Trojae Historia: Philological and Historical Comments 1 A. Dares and His Historia: Shrouded in Mystery 2 1. Who Was ‘Dares the Phrygian’? 2 2. The Role of Cornelius Nepos 6 3. Time of Origin and Literary Environment 9 4. Analysing the Formal Characteristics 11 B. Dares as an Example of ‘Rewriting’ 15 1. Homeric Criticism and the Trojan Legacy in the Middle Ages 15 2. Dares’ Problematic Connection with Dictys Cretensis 20 3. Comments on the ‘Lost Greek Original’ 27 4. Conclusion 31 Chapter II. Translations 33 A. Translating Dares: Frustra Laborat, Qui Omnibus Placere Studet 34 1. Investigating DETH’s Style 34 2. My Own Translations: a Brief Comparison 39 3. A Concise Analysis of R.M. Frazer’s Translation 42 B. Translation I 50 C. Translation II 73 D. Notes 94 Bibliography 95 Appendix: the Latin DETH 99 iii iv Foreword About two years ago, I happened to be researching Cornelius Nepos’ biography of Miltiades as part of an assignment for a class devoted to the study of translating Greek and Latin texts. After heaping together everything I could find about him in the library, I came to the conclusion that I still needed more information. So I decided to embrace my identity as a loyal member of the ‘Internet generation’ and began my virtual journey through the World Wide Web in search of articles on Nepos. -
HYADES Star and Rain Nymphs | Greek Mythology
Google Search HYADES Web Theoi Greek Name Transliteration Latin Name Translation Ὑας Hyas Sucula Rainy Ones Ὑαδες Hyades Suculae (hyô, hyetos) THE HYADES were the nymphs of the five stars of the constellation Hyades. They were daughters of the Titan Atlas who bore the starry dome of heaven upon his shoulders. After their brother Hyas was killed by a lion, the tear-soaked sisters were placed amongst the stars as the constellation Hyades. Hyas himself was transformed into the constellation Aquarius. The heliacal setting of their constellation in November marked the start of the rainy season in Greece, hence the star nymphs were known as "the Rainy Ones." According to Nonnus the Hyades were the same as the Lamides nurses of the god Dionysos. The Hyades were also closely identified with the Nysiades and Nymphai Naxiai, the other reputed nurses of the god. The Hyades were also connected with the Naiades Mysiai, in which their brother Hyas is apparently substituted for a lover, Hylas. PARENTS [1.1] ATLAS & PLEIONE (Hyginus Fabulae 192) [1.2] ATLAS & AITHRA (Musaeus Frag, Hyginus Astronomica 2.21, Ovid Fasti 5.164) [2.1] HYAS & BOIOTIA (Hyginus Astronomica 2.21) NAMES [1.1] PHAISYLE, KORONIS, KLEEIA, PHAIO, EUDORE (Hesiod Astronomy 2) [1.2] PHAESYLA, KORONIS, AMBROSIA, POLYXO, EUDORA (Hyginus Fabulae 192) [1.3] AMBROSIA, EUDORA, AESYLE (Eustathius on Homer's Iliad 1156) ENCYCLOPEDIA HY′ADES (Huades), that is, the rainy, the name of a class of nymphs, whose number, names, and descent, are described in various ways by the ancients. Their parents were Atlas and Aethra ( Ov. -
English I Summer Reading the Odyssey by Homer (Trans
English I Summer Reading the Odyssey by Homer (trans. Robert Fagles, Penguin Classics) READ the Odyssey. Then answer all questions on a separate piece of paper, and be prepared for a quiz the first week of school. Even though the highlighted questions have been answered for you, you are still responsible for knowing the information. The numbers in parentheses indicate the book and the line where the answer can be found, i.e., 1.71 is book/chapter one, line 71). Books 1-4 1. What is the Greek word that is used to describe Odysseus? [ANSWER: from review article posted—polutropos ] 2. Give two examples of how polutropos could be translated into English. [ANSWER: much- turned, much-turning, wily, resourceful, complicated, contradictory. Robert Fagles translated it “man of twists and turns,” which carries a rich meaning with it, a man of many talents and interests, richly blessed and oft cursed, good at times, not so good other times.] 3. How does the poem start? [ANSWER: en medias res—in the middle of it all; that’s how the Greeks always do their storytelling.] Why start in the middle of the story? 4. At what time in Odysseus’s adventures abroad are we when the poem starts? (Remember, he will spend twenty years abroad: 10 years fighting at Troy and 10 years wandering.) 5. How are we left feeling about the suitors? Name one of them. 6. Orestus is ______________________’s son. He killed _____________________. [ANSWER: Agamemnon; Orestus killed Aegisthus.] Be sure to check out the fantastic index of characters in the back of the book. -
The Function of Lethe
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Flinders Academic Commons This is an electronic version of an article published in M. Baker and D. Glenn (eds) 2000. ‘Dante Colloquia in Australia: 1982-1999’, Australian Humanties Press: Adelaide. Coassin, Flavia 2000. The Function of Lethe. In M. Baker and D. Glenn (eds). ‘Dante Colloquia in Australia: 1982-1999’, Australian Humanties Press: Adelaide, 95-102. THE FUNCTION OF LETHE FLAVIA COASSIN WHEN, in the last canto of the Purgatorio, Dante-character claims not to remember having ever estranged himself from Beatrice, she reminds him that he has just drunk of Lethe, and adds that his inability to remember is proof of his estrangement, just as from smoke fire is inferred: "E se tu ricordar non te ne puoi," sorridendo rispuose, "or ti rammenta come bevesti di Letè ancoi; e se dal fummo foco sargomenta, cotesta oblivion chiaro conchiude colpa ne la tua voglia altrove attenta". (Purg. XXXIII, 94-99) According to Reggio, l who also quotes Chimenz, the comparison is insubstantial, because there is no logical connection between oblivion and sin as there is between smoke and fire, and thus oblivion does not count as proof, his assumption being that there could be oblivion without sin. This assumption, however, is incorrect. In Dantes poem, as well as in the classical myths concerning the afterlife, we find that the connection between the two is, on the contrary, one of cause and effect. It is not by coincidence that the episode in question (lines 91-129) contains two instances of forgetfulness, namely, of having sinned and of Mateldas previous explanation of the function of the two rivers. -
Helen of Troy
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Public Finance and Democratic Ideology in Fourth-Century BC Athens by Christopher Scott Welser BA, Sw
Dēmos and Dioikēsis: Public Finance and Democratic Ideology in Fourth-Century B.C. Athens By Christopher Scott Welser B.A., Swarthmore College, 1994 M.A., University of Maryland, 1999 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. May, 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Christopher Scott Welser This dissertation by Christopher Scott Welser is accepted in its present form by the Department of Classics as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date________________ _______________________________________ Adele C. Scafuro, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date________________ _______________________________________ Alan L. Boegehold, Reader Date________________ _______________________________________ David Konstan, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date________________ _______________________________________ Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Christopher Scott Welser was born in Romeo, Michigan in 1971. He attended Roeper City and Country School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and in 1994 he graduated from Swarthmore College, earning an Honors B.A. in Economics (his major) and Biology (his minor). After working for several years at public policy research firms in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, he decided to pursue the study of Classics, an interest of his since childhood. Upon earning an M.A. with Distinction in Latin and Greek from the University of Maryland at College Park in 1999, he enrolled in the Ph.D. program in Classics at Brown University. While working on his Ph.D., he spent two years as Seymour Fellow (2002-2003) and Capps Fellow (2004-2005) at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and participated in the summer program of the American Academy in Rome (2000).