Plaintiff's Exhibit 6
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Wikipedia's Economic Value
WIKIPEDIA’S ECONOMIC VALUE Jonathan Band and Jonathan Gerafi policybandwidth In the copyright policy debate, proponents of strong copyright protection tend to be dismissive of the quality of freely available content. In response to counter- examples such as open access scholarly publications and advertising-supported business models (e.g., newspaper websites and the over-the-air television broadcasts viewed by 50 million Americans), the strong copyright proponents center their attack on amateur content. In this narrative, YouTube is for cat videos and Wikipedia is a wildly unreliable source of information. Recent studies, however, indicate that the volunteer-written and -edited Wikipedia is no less reliable than professionally edited encyclopedias such as the Encyclopedia Britannica.1 Moreover, Wikipedia has far broader coverage. Britannica, which discontinued its print edition in 2012 and now appears only online, contains 120,000 articles, all in English. Wikipedia, by contrast, has 4.3 million articles in English and a total of 22 million articles in 285 languages. Wikipedia attracts more than 470 million unique visitors a month who view over 19 billion pages.2 According to Alexa, it is the sixth most visited website in the world.3 Wikipedia, therefore, is a shining example of valuable content created by non- professionals. Is there a way to measure the economic value of this content? Because Wikipedia is created by volunteers, is administered by a non-profit foundation, and is distributed for free, the normal means of measuring value— such as revenue, market capitalization, and book value—do not directly apply. Nonetheless, there are a variety of methods for estimating its value in terms of its market value, its replacement cost, and the value it creates for its users. -
Decentralization in Wikipedia Governance
Decentralization in Wikipedia Governance Andrea Forte1, Vanessa Larco2 and Amy Bruckman1 1GVU Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology {aforte, asb}@cc.gatech.edu 2Microsoft [email protected] This is a preprint version of the journal article: Forte, Andrea, Vanessa Larco and Amy Bruckman. (2009) Decentralization in Wikipedia Governance. Journal of Management Information Systems. 26(1) pp 49-72. Publisher: M.E. Sharp www.mesharpe.com/journals.asp Abstract How does “self-governance” happen in Wikipedia? Through in-depth interviews with twenty individuals who have held a variety of responsibilities in the English-language Wikipedia, we obtained rich descriptions of how various forces produce and regulate social structures on the site. Our analysis describes Wikipedia as an organization with highly refined policies, norms, and a technological architecture that supports organizational ideals of consensus building and discussion. We describe how governance on the site is becoming increasingly decentralized as the community grows and how this is predicted by theories of commons-based governance developed in offline contexts. We also briefly examine local governance structures called WikiProjects through the example of WikiProject Military History, one of the oldest and most prolific projects on the site. 1. The Mechanisms of Self-Organization Should a picture of a big, hairy tarantula appear in an encyclopedia article about arachnophobia? Does it illustrate the point, or just frighten potential readers? Reasonable people might disagree on this question. In a freely editable site like Wikipedia, anyone can add the photo, and someone else can remove it. And someone can add it back, and the process continues. -
Wikipedia Is Under 'Siege'
Wikipedia and Academic Research A guide on interacting with the free encyclopaedia. Greek Fire Catapult (Harper's Engraving) Public domain image from Wikicommons. Wikipedia is under ‘siege’. It may be helpful, in the first instance, to think of Wikipedia in terms of it being under siege. Whether this is from politicians, PR companies or from private individuals seeking to either gain an advantage in some way or denigrate a rival in some way, the point remains that the Wikipedia community is primed to protect the integrity of its main Open Knowledge project in order to hold on what is good about it. Wikipedia administrators will often immediately revert any changes they perceive as a threat as part of their default safety-first approach. Consequently, the advice from Wikimedia UK is to adopt a ‘softly, softly’ approach when making edits to Wikipedia articles i.e. not overloading the encyclopaedia with too many external links at one time without due consideration of the relevance of the link to the article or if it really adds anything. Protecting the integrity of Wikipedia Parliament WikiEdits Twitter account - Screengrab 28/03/2016 With preserving the integrity of Wikipedia in mind, those Wikipedia edits made from Parliamentary IP addresses are routinely monitored through the Parliament WikiEdits Twitter account (@parliamentedits). Did you know? There are PR companies out there offering ‘Wikipedia sanitisation’ as a service. Imagine the following situation: A new Wikipedia User account has appeared and its only activity is to add external links- all to the same site- to a lot of articles. To a Wikipedia editor this looks promotional and doesn’t look like building an encyclopaedia. -
Cooperation of Russia's Wiki- Volunteers with the Institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan
ФАДН России Cooperation of Russia's Wiki- volunteers with the institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan «Language policy: practices from across Russia» Online dialogue forum Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs (FADN), 18.12.2020 Farhad Fatkullin, materials - w.wiki/qT8 Distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International free license pursuant to Art.1286 of the Russian Federation Civil Code Project objectives To assure To inspire other perseverance ethnic groups in and the Republic of development Tatarstan and of Tatar around Russia to language in the follow suit digital age Cooperation of Russia's Wiki-volunteers with the Republic of Tatarstan institutions — w.wiki/qT8 And who are you? * thinking, speaking and writing in 6 languages * Conference interpreting since 2000 * Bachelor of Management * Cross-cultural Communication & Interpreting Specialist * Taught Risk Management in English * Haven't been to the Arctic and Antarctic * 2018 Wikimedian of the Year Farhad Fatkullin, born 1979 * Volunteer secretary of «Wikipedias in Kazan the languages of Russia» initiative * Member of the Tatarstan Presidential [email protected] Commission for the Preservation and +7 9274 158066 Strengthening of Tatar language use (as frhdkazan @ Wikipedia Wikimedia RU Non-Profit Partnership representative) Cooperation of Russia's Wiki-volunteers with the Republic of Tatarstan institutions — w.wiki/qT8 Wiki-volunteering? «Imagine a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. That's our commitment.» Cooperation -
Wikimedia and Universities | Martin Poulter and Nick Sheppard
Insights – 33, 2020 Wikimedia and universities | Martin Poulter and Nick Sheppard Wikimedia and universities: contributing to the global commons in the Age of Disinformation In its first 30 years the world wide web has revolutionized the information environment. However, its impact has been negative as well as positive, through corporate misuse of personal data and due to its potential for enabling the spread of disinformation. As a large-scale collaborative platform funded through charitable donations, with a mission to provide universal free access to knowledge as a public good, Wikipedia is one of the most popular websites in the world. This paper explores the role of Wikipedia in the information ecosystem where it occupies a unique role as a bridge between informal discussion and scholarly publication. We explore how it relates to the broader Wikimedia ecosystem, through structured data on Wikidata for instance, and openly licensed media on Wikimedia Commons. We consider the potential benefits for universities in the areas of information literacy and research impact, and investigate the extent to which universities in the UK and their libraries are engaging strategically with Wikimedia, if at all. Keywords Wikipedia; Wikimedia; Wikidata; information literacy; research impact; strategy MARTIN POULTER NICK SHEPPARD Open Research Website Editor and Advisor Technical Developer University of Leeds University of Bristol Introduction ‘The original idea of the web was that it should be a collaborative space … by writing something together [people] could iron out misunderstanding.’ Tim Berners-Lee1 The world wide web has both fulfilled and fallen short of its early promise. Its impact on how we access and share information has been revolutionary. -
Lessons from Citizendium
Lessons from Citizendium Wikimania 2009, Buenos Aires, 28 August 2009 HaeB [[de:Benutzer:HaeB]], [[en:User:HaeB]] Please don't take photos during this talk. Citizendium Timeline ● September 2006: Citizendium announced. Sole founder: Larry Sanger, known as former editor-in-chief of Nupedia, chief organizer of Wikipedia (2001-2002), and later as Wikipedia critic ● October 2006: Started non-public pilot phase ● January 2007: “Big Unfork”: All unmodified copies of Wikipedia articles deleted ● March 2007: Public launch ● December 2007: Decision to use CC-BY-3.0, after debate about commercial reuse and compatibility with Wikipedia ● Mid-2009: Sanger largely inactive on Citizendium, focuses on WatchKnow ● August 2009: Larry Sanger announces he will step down as editor-in-chief soon (as committed to in 2006) Citizendium and Wikipedia: Similarities and differences ● Encyclopedia ● Strict real names ● Free license policy ● ● Open (anyone can Special role for contribute) experts: “editors” can issue content ● Created by amateurs decisions, binding to ● MediaWiki-based non-editors collaboration ● Governance: Social ● Non-profit contract, elements of a constitutional republic Wikipedian views of Citizendium ● Competitor for readers, contributions ● Ally, common goal of creating free encyclopedic content ● “Who?” ● In this talk: A long-time experiment testing several fundamental policy changes, in a framework which is still similar enough to that of Wikipedia to generate valuable evidence as to what their effect might be on WP Active editors: Waiting to explode ● Sanger (October 2007): ”At some point, possibly very soon, the Citizendium will grow explosively-- say, quadruple the number of its active contributors, or even grow by an order of magnitude ....“ © Aleksander Stos, CC-BY 3.0 Number of users that made at least one edit in each month Article creation rate: Still muddling Sanger (October 2007): “It's still possible that the project will, from here until eternity, muddle on creating 14 articles per day. -
Wikimania Stockholm Program.Xlsx
Wikimania Stockholm Program Aula Magna Södra Huset combined left & right A wing classroom. Plenary sessions 1200 Szymborska 30 halls Room A5137 B wing lecture hall. Murad left main hall 700 Maathai 100 Room B5 B wing classroom. Arnold right main hall 600 Strickland 30 Room B315 classroom on top level. B wing classroom. Gbowee 30 Menchú 30 Room B487 Officially Kungstenen classroom on top level. B wing classroom. Curie 50 Tu 40 Room B497 Officially Bergsmann en open space on D wing classroom. Karman 30 Ostrom 30 middle level Room D307 D wing classroom. Allhuset Ebadi 30 Room D315 Hall. Officially the D wing classroom. Yousafzai 120 Lessing 70 Rotunda Room D499 D wing classroom. Juristernas hus Alexievich 100 Room D416 downstairs hall. Montalcini 75 Officially the Reinholdssalen Williams upstairs classroom 30 Friday 16 August until 15:00 All day events: Community Village Hackathon upstairs in Juristernas Wikitongues language Building Aula Magna Building 08:30 – Registration 08:30 – 10:00 10:00 Welcome session & keynote 10:00 – Michael Peter Edson 10:00 – 12:00 12:00 co-founder and Associate Director of The Museum for the United Nations — UN Live 12:00 – Lunch 12:00 – 13:00 13:00 & meetups Building Aula Magna Allhuset Juristernas hus Södra Huset Building Murad Arnold Curie Karman Yousafzai Montalcini Szymborska Maathai Strickland Menchú Tu Ostrom Ebadi Lessing Room A5137 B5 B315 B487 B497 D307 D315 D499 Room Space Free Knowledge and the Sustainable RESEARCH STRATEGY EDUCATION GROWTH TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIPS TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY HEALTH PARTNERSHIPS -
Addressing the Challenges and Opportunities of a Feminist Rhetorical Approach for Wikipedia-Based Writing Instruction in First-Year Composition
2/4/2021 CF 45: A Feminist Rhetorical Approach for Wikipedia-based Writing Instruction by Jialei Jiang and Matthew A. Vetter Composition Forum 45, Fall 2020 http://compositionforum.com/issue/45/ Addressing the Challenges and Opportunities of a Feminist Rhetorical Approach for Wikipedia-based Writing Instruction in First-Year Composition [http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&username=compforum] Jialei Jiang and Matthew A. Vetter Abstract: Wikipedia’s gender gaps are both well-established and well-challenged, and while Wikipedia- based assignments have become more common in composition, teacher-scholars have not fully explored the opportunities for feminist pedagogy offered by the encyclopedia. This article reports on a teacher research study designed to examine the efficacy of the feminist rhetorical approach for understanding critical literacy learning through Wikipedia-based assignments in First-Year Composition (FYC). Findings from student forum posts, surveys, and reflection essays suggest that, despite its benefits, the Wikipedia assignment has been met with challenges that hinder students from making contributions critically and effectively, especially as they struggle to assume agency and criticality in the FYC classroom. By identifying and addressing these challenges, we seek to offer alternative approaches to teaching feminist rhetorical inquiries in FYC, and to expand the current critical practices in Wikipedia-based writing instruction. Introduction In what has by now become a widely-cited study, the Wikimedia Foundation found that less than 10% of Wikipedia editors identify as women, and less than 1% as transgender (Glott et al.). The encyclopedia that “anyone can edit,” according to this research, is primarily edited by an overwhelmingly male demographic. -
Communications Tuning Session Q1 FY20-21 MTP Priority Update Brand Awareness
Communications Tuning Session Q1 FY20-21 MTP Priority Update Brand Awareness Overview OKRs Brand Awareness is important to our strategic direction because we intend to grow around the world, and you cannot join a movement you do not Elevate Foundation brand understand. Our objective is to clarify and strengthen the global perception of Wikimedia and our free knowledge mission. Celebrate Wikipedia’s 20th Birthday Progress and Challenges Evolve Movement brand Elevate Brand was advanced through a far-reaching media campaign in India alongside fundraising efforts that helped to clarify the work that the foundation does, and where fundraising dollars go, while further underlining Actions how projects like Wikipedia work. We secured several thought leadership opportunities to reach new audiences. Our media impact increased, as did ● our social media and Medium following. Finalize communications campaign around WHO partnership (The campaign will launch Celebrate Wikipedia 20 is on track. The project is shifted towards by the end of October) virtual-only celebration planning, with online event guides and digital swag in production for January. ● Finalize launch plans for Wikipedia 20 (kick off is January 15) Activities to evolve the Movement Brand were paused through March 1 based on advice from project staff and a Board resolution on Sept. 24. ● Support ad-hoc Board committee on Movement Brand project (Q2 - Q3) Department: Communications Brand Awareness MTP Outcomes MTP Metrics Y2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Goal Status Status Status Status Clarify and strengthen Wikipedia Clarify and strengthen Wikimedia Maintain the brand architecture awareness: brands to maintain awareness of brand GERMANY - 80% awareness of 70% and above. -
Critical Point of View: a Wikipedia Reader
w ikipedia pedai p edia p Wiki CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader 2 CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW 3 Critical Point of View: A Wikipedia Reader Editors: Geert Lovink and Nathaniel Tkacz Editorial Assistance: Ivy Roberts, Morgan Currie Copy-Editing: Cielo Lutino CRITICAL Design: Katja van Stiphout Cover Image: Ayumi Higuchi POINT OF VIEW Printer: Ten Klei Groep, Amsterdam Publisher: Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam 2011 A Wikipedia ISBN: 978-90-78146-13-1 Reader EDITED BY Contact GEERT LOVINK AND Institute of Network Cultures NATHANIEL TKACZ phone: +3120 5951866 INC READER #7 fax: +3120 5951840 email: [email protected] web: http://www.networkcultures.org Order a copy of this book by sending an email to: [email protected] A pdf of this publication can be downloaded freely at: http://www.networkcultures.org/publications Join the Critical Point of View mailing list at: http://www.listcultures.org Supported by: The School for Communication and Design at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool van Amsterdam DMCI), the Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) in Bangalore and the Kusuma Trust. Thanks to Johanna Niesyto (University of Siegen), Nishant Shah and Sunil Abraham (CIS Bangalore) Sabine Niederer and Margreet Riphagen (INC Amsterdam) for their valuable input and editorial support. Thanks to Foundation Democracy and Media, Mondriaan Foundation and the Public Library Amsterdam (Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam) for supporting the CPOV events in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Leipzig. (http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/cpov/) Special thanks to all the authors for their contributions and to Cielo Lutino, Morgan Currie and Ivy Roberts for their careful copy-editing. -
Why Wikipedia Often Overlooks Stories of Women in History Lara Nicosia Rochester Institute of Technology
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Articles 3-16-2018 Why Wikipedia Often Overlooks Stories of Women in History Lara Nicosia Rochester Institute of Technology Tamar Carroll Rochester Institute of Technology This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.rit.edu/article Part of the History of Gender Commons, and the Information Literacy Commons Recommended Citation Nicosia, Lara and Carroll, Tamar, "Why Wikipedia Often Overlooks Stories of Women in History" (2018). The Conversation,Accessed from http://scholarworks.rit.edu/article/1847 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. https://theconversation.com/why-wikipedia-often-overlooks-stories-of-women-in-history-92555 Academic rigor, journalistic flair Why Wikipedia often overlooks stories of women in history March 16, 2018 6.25am EDT Less than a third of biographical entries on Wikipedia are about women. aradaphotography/shutterstock.com Why Wikipedia often overlooks stories of women in history March 16, 2018 6.25am EDT Movements like #MeToo are drawing increased attention to the systemic discrimination Authors facing women in a range of professional fields, from Hollywood and journalism to banking and government. Discrimination is also a problem on user-driven sites like Wikipedia. Wikipedia is the fifth most popular website worldwide. In January, the English-language version of the online Tamar Carroll Associate Professor of History, Rochester encyclopedia had over 7.3 billion page views, more than 2000 percent higher than other Institute of Technology online reference sites such as IMDb or Dictionary.com. -
Wikimania 2006 2006 the 2Nd International Wikimedia Foundation Conference
WikimaniaWikimania 2006 2006 The 2nd International Wikimedia Foundation Conference Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA August 4-6, 2006 http://wikimania2006.wikimedia.org/ To our Sponsors: Thank you! Patrons: Benefactors: Friends: TM Supporters: | 2 | Wikimania ‘06 Welcome Conference Welcome Welcome to the second an- lawyers, technologists), and we nual international Wikimedia hope that this diversity will help conference! The Wikimedia each of you to consider free Foundation is excited to host knowledge, open information, the conference -- and proud and collaborative peer produc- that it is now officially an annual tion in all of their forms. event! The past year has been One thing worth emphasiz- an exciting one for the Founda- ing: this conference is not for tion, filled with challenges and spectators. Participate actively record growth across the proj- in discussions you go to; ask ects. Questions raised by these questions; leave comments on challenges and changes will be the conference wiki; give an well debated, and in some cases improptu lightning presenta- answered, during the conference. tion; share crazy ideas with your On behalf of the many fellow conferees. And have fun! people who have made Wikima- Whether it’s competing in the nia 2006 a reality, we are pleased world Calvinball championship to welcome Wikimaniacs to or debating whether consensus Cambridge, Massachusetts, and really scales, we want you to to Harvard University. We hope have a good time. Please talk to you enjoy your stay here. We a volunteer or information desk would like to extend a special staffer if you have questions or welcome to our international need help during the conference.