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SYNOPSIS of Biological DATA on the LUMPSUCKER Cyclopterus Lumpus (Linnaeus, 1758)

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FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 147 FIR/S 147 SAST - Lumpsucker1,78(20),003,O1 SYNOPSIS OF BIOLOGiCAL DATA ON THE LUMPSUCKER Cyclopterus lumpus (Linnaeus, 1758) A F°O FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS FIR/Si 47 FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 147 SAST - Lumpsucker - 1,78(20),003,O1 SYNOPSIS OF BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE LUMPSUCKER Cycloptrus lunzpus (Linnaeus, 1758) Prepared by J. Davenport Animal Biology Group Marine Science Laboratories University College of North Wales Menai Bridge Gwynedd North Wales UK FOOD ABB AGRICULTURE ORGABIZATION OP THE UNITED NATIONS Rome 1985 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization oftheUnitedNations concerning thelegal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-42 ISBN 92-5-102330-1 Allrights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. © FAO 1985 FIR/S147 Lumpsucker PREPARATION OF TRIS SYNOPSIS This synopsis has been prepared in view of the importance of Cyclopterus lumpus in the fisheries of the Eastern North Atlantic. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to thank a number of people for providing access to unpublished information, helping with translation, or pointing out significant references: From Norway: Professor S. Vader, Drs T. Raug and E. Kj8rsvik. From Iceland: Drs S.A. Schopka and V. Thorsteinsson. From Federal Republic of Germany: Dr C. Wiencke. From Great Britain: Professor R. Williams ABSTRACT This synopsis compiles and reviews the presently available informationon identity, distribution, bionomics, life history, population structure and dynamics, exploitation, aquaculture and weed control potential of the lumpsucker, Cyclopterus lumpur (Linnaeus, 1758). Distribution: For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as follows: Author FAO Fisheries Department Davenport, J., Synopsís of biological data on the FAO Regional Fisheries Officers 1985 lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus Regional Fisheries Councils and (Linnaeus, 1758), FAO Fish.Synop., Commissions (147):31 p. Selector SM FIR/S147 Lumpsucker CONTENTS Page IDENTITY 1 1.1 Nomenclature 1 1.1.1 Valid name 1.1.2 Objective synonymy 1 .2 Taxonomy 1 1.2. I Affinities 1 1.2.2 Taxonomic status 1.2.3 Subspecies/races 1 1 .2.4 Common names 3 1.2.4.1 Standard names 3 1.2.4.2 Vernacular/localized/obsolete names 3 1 .3 Morphology 3 1.3.1 Anatomy 3 1.3.2 Cytomorphology 3 1.3.3 Protein specificity 3 DISTRIBUTION 3 2.1 Total Area 3 2.2 Differential Distribution 6 2.2.1 Spawn, larvae and juveniles 6 2.2.2 Adults 6 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY 6 3.1 Reproduction 6 3.1.1 Sexuality 6 3.1.2 Maturity 6 3.1.3 Mating 7 3.1.4 Fertilization 7 3.1.5 Gonads 7 3.1.6 Paternal guardianship of egg masses 10 3.1.7 Spawn 12 3.2 Pre-adult Phase 12 3.2.1 Embryonic phase 12 3.2.2 Larval/adolescent phase 13 3.3 Adult Phase 14 3.3.1 Longevity 14 3.3.2 Hardiness 14 3.3.3 Competition 15 3.3.4 Predators 15 3.3.5 Parasites 15 3.3.6 Pollution 15 3.4 Nutrition and Growth 15 3.4.1 Food 15 3.4.2 Growth 16 3.4.3 Metabolism 17 3.5 Behaviour 17 3.5.1 Migrations and local movements 17 3.5.2 Territoriality/schooling 19 vi FIR/S147 Lumpsucker Page 4. POPULATION 19 4.1 Structure 19 4.1.1 Sex ratio 19 4.1.2 Age composition 19 4.1.3 Size composition 19 4.2 Abundance and Density of Population 19 4.3 Natality and Recruitment 20 4.3.1 Reproduction rates 20 4.3.2 Factors affecting reproduction 20 4.3.3 Recruitment 20 4.4 Mortality 20 4.4.1 Egg, larval and juvenile mortality 20 4.4.2 Adult mortality 20 4.5 Population Dynamics 20 EXPLOITATION 21 5.1 Fishing Equipment 21 5.2 Boats 21 5.3 Fishing Areas 22 5.4 Fishing Seasons 22 5.5 Fishing Operations and Results 22 5.6 Processing 25 PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT 26 6.1 Regulatory Measures 26 6.2 Management 26 REFERENCES 27 FIR/S147 Lumpsucker IDENTITY length. Sensory canals on the head are well developed; there is a pore between the post- 1 Nomenclature orbital and suprabranchial pores. There are 5 pores on the infraorbital and 6 on the opercular- 1.1.1 Valid name mandibular canals. Cyclopterus lumpusLinnaeus, 1758;Figure 1. The preorbital bone is larger than the first suborbital bone; the second suborbital compara- 1.1.2 Objective synonymy tively large. The suborbital stay is trapezoid in form with subequal upper and lower edges. Cyclopterus lumpusLinnaeus after Artedi The hyomandibular bone is broad, its width (1738) greater than half its length. The metapterygoid Cyclopterus lumpusLinnaeus, 1758 lamina bears a braod projection on its inner Cyclopterus minutusPallas, 1769 surface, the tip of this projection closely fits Cyclopterus lumpusvar.hudsoniusCox, 1920 the lateral side of the hyomandibular process, After lleno (1970). and makes an oblong interrosseous space between the hyomandibular and the posterior margin of 1. 2 Taxonomy the metapterygoid lamina. The opercular bone is triangular, with a wide base and a high wing on 1 .2.1 Affinities the outer edge. The subopercular bone is broad anteriorly, but very slender posteriorly; a - Suprageneric projection extends to the middle of the inner edge of the opercular bone, ending in a sharp Kingdom Animalia tip. The interopercular bone is wide and Phylum Chordata slightly concaved. The outer edge of the pre- Subphylum Vertebrata frontal bone is short and slightly notched on Superclass Gnathostomata the anterior margin. The frontals are as long as Class Osteichthyes wide, and are nearly square in form; each sends Subclass Actinopterygii out a thin projection which overhangs the greater Infraclass Teleostei part of the eye. The hyper- and hypo-coracoids Division Euteleostei are small; the actinosts somewhat separated from Superorder Acanthopterygli each other and without distinct foramina between Series Percomorpha them. The ventral spine has a sharp, stronghook Order Scorpaeniformes on its back. Family Cyclopteridae Subfamily Cclopterinae The intestine is long, being more than twice the length of the body in adult fish, with - Generic diagnosis many bends. There are numerous pyloric caecae (36-79). Vertebral number ranges from 29-30. -Body compressed anteriorly and posteriorly, (slightly modified by the author from lleno, 1970). somewhat polygonal in transverse section at the middle of the body.Bead short and thick, sub- - Specific diagnosis quadrangular in cross section. Snout blunted, rounded. Mouth terminal, opening slightly up- An Atlantic lumpsucker with a large, humped wards. Teeth simple, small, conical,and arranged dorsal crest which overgows the first dorsal fin in several rows anteriorly. Eye moderate in so that no free rays are visible. Three longi- size, laterally. The first dorsal fin covered tudinal rows of compressed tubercles on the side by thick skin, forming a high and long crest of the body and large gill slits extending below with large compressed tubercles on the front and the upper corner of the pectoral fin bases. top of the crest in adult fish.Height of crest increases with age, the back is much humped in Dorsal spines 6-8, dorsal rays 9-11, anal old specimens, so the depth of body changes rays 9-10, pectoral rays 19-20, caudal rays 11-12, with growth stage; in large specimens it is nearly vertebrae 29-30 (11+18 to 19). (Smitt, 1892; equal to half the whole length of the body, but Ueno, 1970). is much less than half the length in small young specimens. There are three longitudinal rows of 1 .2.2 Taxonomic status large compressed tubercles on the side of the body; the uppermost row begins above the eye and Cyclopterus lumpus isa unique species, continues behind the gill opening to the base well established on morphological grounds (see of the caudal fin without interruption; the lleno, 1970 for review), with no close relatives. middle row begins above the pectoral fin, runs It is the only species of the genusCyclopterus. backwards in parallel with the upper row, and also reaches the base of the caudal fin; the 1 .2.3 Subspecies/races lower row runs along the lower edge of the body from behind the pectoral fin to the front of the Lumpsuckers from cold and/or low salinity anal fin. There are 2-3 pairs of tubercles areas (e.g., Baltic Sea, Barents Sea, Hudson Bay) between the first and second dorsal fins forming tend to show a reduction or absence of skin a square structure. The sucker is slightly tuberculation, together with reduced sharpness longer than wide and about 1/5-1/6 of the body of the dermal lumps. This led Cox (1920) to 2 FIR/S147 Lumpsucker Figure 1 Uale and female lumpsuckers (Redrawn by the author from plates in Smitt, 1892) FIR/S 147 Lumpsucker 3 propose separate variety status (C.lumpusvar. Interest in lunpsucker anatomy has centered hudsonius)for the Hudson Bay population, but no upon the pronounced sexual dimorphism of the subspecies or varieties are currently recognized. species (size, colour during spawning season, No biochemical/electrophoretic genetic studies proportion of subcutaneous gelatinous tissue, appear to have been performed upon the species.
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  • Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf

    Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf

    European Journal of Taxonomy 73: 1-73 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.73 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2014 · Carneiro M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A5F217D-8E7B-448A-9CAB-2CCC9CC6F857 Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf Miguel CARNEIRO1,5, Rogélia MARTINS2,6, Monica LANDI*,3,7 & Filipe O. COSTA4,8 1,2 DIV-RP (Modelling and Management Fishery Resources Division), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Brasilia 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3,4 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author: [email protected] 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:90A98A50-327E-4648-9DCE-75709C7A2472 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1EB6DE00-9E91-407C-B7C4-34F31F29FD88 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D3AC760-77F2-4CFA-B5C7-665CB07F4CEB 8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:48E53CF3-71C8-403C-BECD-10B20B3C15B4 Abstract. The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences.