DOCSLIB.ORG

Social Factory" in Postwar Italian Radical Thought from Operaismo to Autonomia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Social Factory City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 6-2014 The "Social Factory" In Postwar Italian Radical Thought From Operaismo To Autonomia David P. Palazzo Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/262 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE “SOCIAL FACTORY” IN POSTWAR ITALIAN RADICAL THOUGHT FROM OPERAISMO TO AUTONOMIA by DAVID PETER PALAZZO A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 DAVID PETER PALAZZO All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in satisfaction of the Dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Jack Jacobs________________________ __04/10/2014________ ____________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Dr. Alyson Cole_______________________ ___04/10/2014_______ ____________________________________ Date Executive Officer ___Dr. Mary Gibson____________________________ ___Dr. Frances Fox Piven________________________ Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract THE “SOCIAL FACTORY” IN POSTWAR ITALIAN RADICAL THOUGHT FROM OPERAISMO TO AUTONOMIA by DAVID PETER PALAZZO Adviser: Professor Jack Jacobs This dissertation examines the “social factory” as it developed conceptually within postwar Italian Autonomist Marxism. This concept is defined historically as an outgrowth of the critique of political economy that accompanied a rethinking of Marxism in postwar Italian working class political thought through the experience of Quaderni Rossi, which culminated in the theoretical and practical work of Potere Operaio, with fragments in the area of Autonomia. Historically, this dissertation locates the “social factory” as derivative of two figures: Raniero Panzieri and Mario Tronti, as well as two subsidiary movements that were articulated, separately, by Antonio Negri and Mariarosa Dalla Costa. Conceptually, the “social factory” is understood in two differing modes: as the result of capitalist accumulation and, the other, as the consequence of the increasing tertiarization of economic life. Both are problematic and unresolved within Italian workerist thought; Negri and Dalla Costa contribute to the discussion of a “social factory” critique of political economy in terms of extending the conceptualization of class and the understanding of social relations within advanced, post-Fordist capitalism. The idea of the “social factory” is understood historically to signify the relationship between capital and class, to understand the role of capital as an element of command within a particular, historical mode of production. In this regard, the development of operaismo is delineated in terms of the critique of political economy and its secondary concept: class composition. The history of a rather rich and varied political orientation constitutes the substantive matter of this work, with the conceptual apparatus forming the definitive characteristics of a distinct political movement: operaismo. In short, the “social factory” is explained historically through its articulation in iv Quaderni Rossi, Classe Operaio, the student movement, the “hot autumn,” Potere Operaio, and Autonomia. Between the early-1960s and the mid 1970s Italy was the country of class conflict. This dissertation tells a story of that historical moment as understood through the development of its main concept, the “social factory,” as a critique of political economy. v Acknowledgements In the course of a dissertation there are many people that deserve recognition. First and foremost is the late Marshall Berman. He was the first person I spoke to of this work and he gave me a characteristic and practical piece of advice: “would you rather do research at 42nd and 5th or live in Italy for consecutive summers?” The iconic citizen of New York City instructed me to go abroad, to Italy, to enjoy my dissertation experience. Thank you. My adviser Jack Jacobs: always a mentor—supportive, challenging, and enlightening; steadfast and encouraging. This work bears the imprint of both of their influences. To Joan Tronto, thank you for being part of the proposal defense and for supporting the initial development of this work. To the staff at Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, who assisted my archival research— particularly David Bidussa, Loretta Lanzi, Massimiliano Tarantino, and Alfredo Puttini—thank you for welcoming me with open arms and for patiently dealing with my particular demands. To the staff at the Biblioteca Centrale at Palazzo Sormani, thank you for the endless days of microfiche tape and assistance in periodical research. To the staff at Libreria Calusca a.k.a. Cox 18—while I lived in Porto Ticinese, thank you for the introduction to your rich historical and cultural archives, preserved in the face of state terror. Thanks to the Centro Sociale Leoncavallo—for the informal conversations over dinner, the personal connections, and intellectual dialogue that “liberated spaces” offer (and many others who nourished my spirit as a foreigner investigating Italian history and politics). I would like to thank the Graduate Center of the City University of New York for its material support, particularly the staff in the Mina Rees Library’s Inter-Library Loan office who found and retreated the bulk of my initial secondary sources, but also to the administration who thought my work of enough interest to award me funding to conduct research and to write. Second to them is the staff at the New York Public Library’s “Schwarzman Building” and “Science, Industry, and Business Library.” Studying Italian political thought and history in New York City would have proved impossible without these institutions. I would like to individually acknowledge Professors Frances Fox Piven and Mary Gibson: the latter, for her commitment to students of Italian history and ideas; the former, for her unceasing support for students interested in working class studies and the social movements that they create. Lastly, thanks to my immediate family. Mom, thank you for your unquestioning support. Thanks to Rabab Elfiky for her support and encouragement at the culmination of this work. In a general sense, this work was made possible by the rich history of working class peoples who vi struggle, and have struggled, to attain a better life for themselves, outside the boundaries of the wage- slavery offered to them by capital. I’m proud to have written this for my father. Thanks dad for being union and talking about your work-life. I have undoubtedly overlooked many people who in myriad ways contributed to this work (especially my professors from URI who, in my undergraduate years, were remarkable). To the Italians who constitute this history, I’ve tried my best to represent what I know of your struggles honestly and without discrimination. Yet, in standard fashion, all the errors within are my own. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: Working class politics from the Resistance to the Economic Miracle 12 CHAPTER 2: The crisis of 1956 and the birth of Autonomist Marxism: Raniero Panzieri and the origins of Quaderni Rossi 57 CHAPTER 3: The “social factory” and socialist revolution in the theoretical and political work of Quaderni Rossi 96 CHAPTER 4: Classe Operaia: The primacy of working class struggle and the organization of revolution 142 CHAPTER 5: Students and revolutionary class politics: capitalist planning, the scholastic system, and student revolt 205 CHAPTER 6: The “social factory” and workers’ liberation from work: the “hot autumn” and working class revolution 292 CHAPTER 7: The “social factory” and the question of “worker centrality” 350 CONCLUSION 385 WORKS CITED 388 viii INTRODUCTION This dissertation is a historical reconstruction of the “social factory” concept as developed within the intellectual tradition of Italian operaismo in the postwar period up through the end of the Bretton Woods period. As a critique of political economy, the “social factory” was formulated in order to understand how those living in advanced capitalist economies were subjected to capital’s unceasing pressure to develop individual and collective capacities and focus ones efforts and energies towards the needs and goal of capital accumulation. One purpose of introducing this concept is that it served as a unifying concept under the rubric of class that provided an open and fluid framework for heterogeneous social groups. Its fundamental thrust informs us that regardless of identity, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, or status, we are forced to sell ourselves, and in turn become that particular commodity, labor-power, that generates capital. Traditionally, the socialist conception of technological progress sought to lesson the burden of work, yet this has not occurred. Rather, with the achievements in technological development, work life has increased, with the amount of time spent on such items increasingly penetrating traditionally “private” realms of being. At the core of this phenomenon is not simply the role of money as the coercive tool of capital; nor is it
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Quaderni D'italianistica : Revue Officielle De La Société Canadienne
    ANGELO PRINCIPE CENTRING THE PERIPHERY. PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE ITALLVN CANADL\N PRESS: 1950-1990 The Radical Press From the end of the Second World War to the 1980s, eleven Italian Canadian radical periodicals were published: seven left-wing and four right- wing, all but one in Toronto.' The left-wing publications were: II lavoratore (the Worker), La parola (the Word), La carota (the Carrot), Forze nuove (New Forces), Avanti! Canada (Forward! Canada), Lotta unitaria (United Struggle), and Nuovo mondo (New World). The right-wing newspapers were: Rivolta ideale (Ideal Revolt), Tradizione (Tradition), // faro (the Lighthouse or Beacon), and Occidente (the West or Western civilization). Reading these newspapers today, one gets the impression that they were written in a remote era. The socio-political reality that generated these publications has been radically altered on both sides of the ocean. As a con- sequence of the recent disintegration of the communist system, which ended over seventy years of East/West confrontational tension, in Italy the party system to which these newspapers refer no longer exists. Parties bear- ing new names and advancing new policies have replaced the older ones, marking what is now considered the passage from the first to the second Republic- As a result, the articles on, or about, Italian politics published ^ I would like to thank several people who helped in different ways with this paper. Namely: Nivo Angelone, Roberto Bandiera, Damiano Berlingieri, Domenico Capotorto, Mario Ciccoritti, Elio Costa, Celestino De luliis, Odoardo Di Santo, Franca lacovetta, Teresa Manduca, Severino Martelluzzi, Roberto Perin, Concetta V. Principe, Guido Pugliese, Olga Zorzi Pugliese, and Gabriele Scardellato.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghostlier Demarcations on the Posthumous Edition of Althusser’S Writings
    Ghostlier demarcations On the posthumous edition of Althusser’s writings Gregory Elliott ʻWe do not publish our own drafts, that is, our Corpet, Yann Moulier Boutang and François Math- own mistakes, but we do sometimes publish other eron, they may be classified as follows: peopleʼs.ʼ (1) Two volumes of autobiographical writings issued Louis Althusser, 1963 in 1992 – the two memoirs (1985/1976) presented in ʻWhat use is Althusser?ʼ The question rhetorically LʼAvenir dure longtemps, suivi de Les Faits, and the posed on the Left Bank in 1968, as structures took to prison-camp notebooks and correspondence (1940–45) the streets, invites reactions other than the blunt rien assembled in the Journal de captivité. An expanded of (some of) those who recently marked the thirtieth version of LʼAvenir, including other autobiographical anniversary of their Maydays. When a selection from texts as well as three chapters omitted from the ʻconfes- his correspondence is published this autumn, a post- sionsʼ, appeared in 1994. A slack English translation of humous edition of Althusserʼs oeuvre will be nearing the first edition had been marketed in the UK the year completion that provides copious matter for sustained before by a mid-Atlantic conglomerate. Unfathomably, reflection and informed reaction. Yet if, as David the US version renders the Gaullist obiter dictum of Macey observed here three years ago, ʻ[t]he death Althusserʼs title The Future Lasts Forever. of the philosopher has led to a resurrection of his (2) Two volumes of psychoanalytical writings writingsʼ, then it is a cause for regret that the main – Ecrits sur la psychanalyse, from correspondence effect of one of them – the ʻwild analysisʼ of LʼAvenir with Jacques Lacan commenced in 1963 to Althusserʼs dure longtemps – has been more or less to eclipse the interventions in the controversy over the dissolution others.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Chapter 1
    Notes Introduction 1. Timothy Campbell, introduction to Bios. Biopolitics and Philosophy by Roberto Esposito (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008), vii. 2. David Graeber, “The Sadness of post- Workerism or Art and Immaterial Labor Conference a Sort of Review,” The Commoner, April 1, 2008, accessed May 22, 2011, http://www.commoner.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/graeber_ sadness.pdf. 3. Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended 1975–1976 (New York: Picador, 2003), 210, 211, 212. 4. Ibid., 213. 5. Racism works for the state as “a break into the domain of life that is under power’s control: the break between what must live and what must die” (ibid., 254). 6. Ibid., 212. 7. Michel Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France 1978–1979 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 219. 8. Ibid., 224. 9. Ibid., 229. 10. See Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer. Sovereign Power and Bare Life (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998) and State of Exception (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005). 11. Esposito, Bios. Biopolitics and Philosophy, 14, 15. 12. Ibid., 147. 13. Laurent Dubreuil, “Leaving Politics. Bios, Zo¯e¯ Life,” Diacritics 36.2 (2006): 88. 14. Paolo Virno, A Grammar of the Multitude (New York: Semiotext[e], 2004), 81. Chapter 1 1. Catalogo Bolaffi delle Fiat, 1899–1970; repertorio completo della produzione automobilistica Fiat dalle origini ad oggi, ed. Angelo Tito Anselmi (Turin: G. Bolaffi , 1970), 15. 2. Gwyn A. Williams, introduction to The Occupation of the Factories: Italy 1920, by Paolo Spriano (London: Pluto Press, 1975), 9. See also Giorgio Porosini, 174 ● Notes Il capitalismo italiano nella prima guerra mondiale (Florence: La Nuova Italia Editore, 1975), 10–17, and Rosario Romero, Breve storia della grande industria in Italia 1861–1961 (Milan: Il Saggiatore, 1988), 89–97.
    [Show full text]
  • FIGHT BACK the INVADERS 1.0.1 Italian Right Wing Tentacles on the Struggle for Animals and Environment INDEX Intro
    FIGHT BACK THE INVADERS 1.0.1 Italian right wing tentacles on the struggle for animals and environment INDEX Intro ......................................................................................................... pag. 3 ANARCHO-NATIONALISTS....................................................................... pag. 5 RESISTENZA NAZIONALE and AUTONOMI NAZIONALISTI National Resistance and Autonomous Nationalist ....................................... pag. 6 I LUPI DANNO LA ZAMPA Wolves landing the paw .............................................................................. pag. 7 MASSIMO TURCI ..................................................................................... pag. 10 ROBERTA CAPOTOSTI ............................................................................ pag. 11 MICHELA VITTORIA BRAMBILLA ............................................................ pag. 12 IL ROSSOBRUNISMO Redbrownism ............................................................................................ pag. 13 LA FORESTA CHE AVANZA The forrest moving forward .................. pag. 20 MEMENTO NATURAE ........ ................. pag. 23 100% ANIMALISTI AND DERIVATES ..... pag. 26 RECOGNIZED AND ISOLATED in the No Muos movement ........................ pag. 31 PAE - European Animal-rights Party ....... pag. 35 Sources ................................................ pag. 39 2 ANTISPEFA – Antispeciecists Antifa- In this first work, we start exami- scist Milan wants to be a counter- ning some of these movements, information archive
    [Show full text]
  • Refractory Migrants. Fascist Surveillance on Italians in Australia, 1922-1943
    Saggi Refractory Migrants. Fascist Surveillance on Italians in Australia, 1922-1943 Gianfranco Cresciani Ministry for the Arts, New South Wales, Australia There are exiles that gnaw and others that are like consuming fire. There is a heartache for the murdered country… PABLO NERUDA We can never forget what happened to our country and we must always remind those responsible that we know who they are. ELIZABETH RIVERA One of the more salient and frightening aspects of European dictatorships during the Twentieth Century, in their effort to achieve totalitarian control of their societies, was the grassroots surveillance carried out by their state secu- rity organisations, of the plots and machinations of their opponents*. Nobody described better this process of capillary penetration in the minds and condi- tioning of the lives of people living under Communist or Fascist regimes than George Orwell in his book Nineteen Eighty-Four, published in 1949 and warning us on the danger of Newspeak, Doublethink, Big Brother and the Thought Police. However, the process of mass surveillance of refractory sub- jects preceded the rise of totalitarianism. The Ochrana in Tsarist Russia and the Direzione Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza (hereafter DGPS, Directorate- General of Public Safety) in Liberal Italy, to give just two examples, had al- 6 © Edizioni della Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli gennaio-giugno 2004 ready begun this screening practice at the end of the Nineteenth Century1. However, it was in the Twentieth Century that the obsession for pervasive, absolute
    [Show full text]
  • 0714685003.Pdf
    CONTENTS Foreword xi Acknowledgements xiv Acronyms xviii Introduction 1 1 A terrorist attack in Italy 3 2 A scandal shocks Western Europe 15 3 The silence of NATO, CIA and MI6 25 4 The secret war in Great Britain 38 5 The secret war in the United States 51 6 The secret war in Italy 63 7 The secret war in France 84 8 The secret war in Spain 103 9 The secret war in Portugal 114 10 The secret war in Belgium 125 11 The secret war in the Netherlands 148 12 The secret war in Luxemburg 165 ix 13 The secret war in Denmark 168 14 The secret war in Norway 176 15 The secret war in Germany 189 16 The secret war in Greece 212 17 The secret war in Turkey 224 Conclusion 245 Chronology 250 Notes 259 Select bibliography 301 Index 303 x FOREWORD At the height of the Cold War there was effectively a front line in Europe. Winston Churchill once called it the Iron Curtain and said it ran from Szczecin on the Baltic Sea to Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. Both sides deployed military power along this line in the expectation of a major combat. The Western European powers created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) precisely to fight that expected war but the strength they could marshal remained limited. The Soviet Union, and after the mid-1950s the Soviet Bloc, consistently had greater numbers of troops, tanks, planes, guns, and other equipment. This is not the place to pull apart analyses of the military balance, to dissect issues of quantitative versus qualitative, or rigid versus flexible tactics.
    [Show full text]
  • Gli Anni Di Piombo Nella Letteratura E Nell'arte Degli Anni Duemila
    Facultad de Filología Departamento de Filología Moderna Área de Estudios italianos Gli anni di piombo nella letteratura e nell’arte degli anni Duemila TESIS DOCTORAL AUTORA: LILIA ZANELLI DIRECTORA: CELIA ARAMBURU SÁNCHEZ SALAMANCA 2018 II Esta Tesis Doctoral ha sido realizada bajo la dirección de la Profesora Celia Aramburu Sánchez Fdo. III IV Non posso terminare questo lavoro senza ringraziare, in primo luogo, la professoressa Celia Aramburu Sánchez, per gli insegnamenti ed il tempo che mi ha dedicato fin dall’inizio di questa ricerca, per la pazienza nel rispondere ai tanti dubbi che le sottoponevo, per la passione con la quale abbiamo condiviso questo tema, per avermi saputo orientare, consigliare, correggere, e non ultimo incoraggiare durante questi anni. Grazie anche a tutti i professori dell’Área de Estudios italianos dell’Università di Salamanca i cui insegnamenti spero di essere riuscita a plasmare nell’elaborazione di questa tesi. Un ringraziamento speciale anche alla professoressa Alessandra Zanobetti che è stata mia tutor durante il mio soggiorno presso l’università di Bologna e che ho ritrovato con piacere dopo tanti anni, senza la quale la ricerca riguardante la parte giuridica di questa tesi non sarebbe stata possibile. Grazie alla mia famiglia e poi agli amici più cari che hanno sopportato le assenze, le preoccupazioni ed incertezze e in particolare a mio cugino Maurizio Morini, testimone diretto degli “anni di piombo” e fonte di ispirazione. Grazie, Javier e Paola, per il vostro amore, per l’aiuto enorme che mi avete prestato e per avere sempre creduto in me. V VI Indice ABBREVIATURE IMPIEGATE XIII INTRODUZIONE 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Theories of Political Action
    1 THEORIES OF POLITICAL ACTION POLS 520, Spring 2013 Professor Bradley Macdonald Office: C366 Clark Office Hours: TW 2-3:30 or by appointment Telephone #: 491-6943 E-mail: [email protected] Preliminary Remarks: The character of political theory is intimately related to the diverse political practices in which the theorist wrote. Particularly in the contemporary period, theorists have increasingly recognized this political nature to their enterprise by clarifying the linkages of their theory to politics and by rethinking the way in which their ideas may promote social and political change. This critical reassessment has become particularly important in the wake of the dissolution of both classical liberalism and classical Marxism as political ideologies guaranteeing universal human emancipation, not to mention providing conceptual tools to understand the unique political dilemmas facing political actors in the 21st century. If there have been differing ideologies and theories that have confronted new conditions, there are also different strategies and tactics that have been increasingly revamped and rearticulated to engage our contemporaneity. If anything, the present century increasingly gives rise to issues associated with the nature of the “political.” How do we define political action and political knowledge? In what way is politics related to cultural practices (be they art, popular culture, or informational networks)? In what way is political action imbricated within economic practices? How has politics changed given the processes associated with globalization? This course will attempt to explore some of the more important developments within recent theory associated with defining differing positions on the nature of politics and the political.
    [Show full text]
  • Restructuring the Socialist Economy
    CAPITAL AND CLASS IN CUBAN DEVELOPMENT: Restructuring the Socialist Economy Brian Green B.A. Simon Fraser University, 1994 THESISSUBMllTED IN PARTIAL FULFULLMENT OF THE REQUIREMEW FOR THE DEGREE OF MASER OF ARTS Department of Spanish and Latin American Studies O Brian Green 1996 All rights resewed. This work my not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. Siblioth&ye nationale du Canada Azcjuis;lrons and Direction des acquisitions et Bitjibgraphic Sewices Branch des services biblicxpphiques Youi hie Vofrergfereoce Our hie Ncfre rb1Prence The author has granted an L'auteur a accorde une licence irrevocable non-exclusive ficence irrevocable et non exclusive allowing the National Library of permettant & la Bibliotheque Canada to reproduce, loan, nationafe du Canada de distribute or sell copies of reproduire, preter, distribuer ou his/her thesis by any means and vendre des copies de sa these in any form or format, making de quelque maniere et sous this thesis available to interested quelque forme que ce soit pour persons. mettre des exemplaires de cette these a la disposition des personnes int6ress6es. The author retains ownership of L'auteur consenre la propriete du the copyright in his/her thesis. droit d'auteur qui protege sa Neither the thesis nor substantial th&se. Ni la thbe ni des extraits extracts from it may be printed or substantiefs de celle-ci ne otherwise reproduced without doivent 6tre imprimes ou his/her permission. autrement reproduits sans son autorisatiow. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Sion Fraser Universi the sight to Iend my thesis, prosect or ex?ended essay (the title o7 which is shown below) to users o2 the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the Zibrary of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users.
    [Show full text]
  • The Winding Paths of Capital
    giovanni arrighi THE WINDING PATHS OF CAPITAL Interview by David Harvey Could you tell us about your family background and your education? was born in Milan in 1937. On my mother’s side, my fam- ily background was bourgeois. My grandfather, the son of Swiss immigrants to Italy, had risen from the ranks of the labour aristocracy to establish his own factories in the early twentieth Icentury, manufacturing textile machinery and later, heating and air- conditioning equipment. My father was the son of a railway worker, born in Tuscany. He came to Milan and got a job in my maternal grand- father’s factory—in other words, he ended up marrying the boss’s daughter. There were tensions, which eventually resulted in my father setting up his own business, in competition with his father-in-law. Both shared anti-fascist sentiments, however, and that greatly influenced my early childhood, dominated as it was by the war: the Nazi occupation of Northern Italy after Rome’s surrender in 1943, the Resistance and the arrival of the Allied troops. My father died suddenly in a car accident, when I was 18. I decided to keep his company going, against my grandfather’s advice, and entered the Università Bocconi to study economics, hoping it would help me understand how to run the firm. The Economics Department was a neo- classical stronghold, untouched by Keynesianism of any kind, and no help at all with my father’s business. I finally realized I would have to close it down. I then spent two years on the shop-floor of one of my new left review 56 mar apr 2009 61 62 nlr 56 grandfather’s firms, collecting data on the organization of the production process.
    [Show full text]
  • Saggi E Ricerche 106 L Archivio Del Socialismo
    SAGGI E RICERCHE L ARCHIVIO DEL SOCIALISMO ITALIAN0 CUSTODITO DALLA FONDAZIONE FILIPPO TURATI DI FIRENZE RENZO RICCHI Firenze Abstract: L esigenza della fondazione di un Archivio storico del socialismo, sul modello del Bureau de documentation creato dal Partito operaio belga sin dal 1913, o del Labour Research Department promosso dai laburisti inglesi nel 1918, si è manifestata in Italia con un certo ritardo. Infatti all indomani della prima guerra mondiale il Partito Socialista Italiano mancava ancora degli strumenti organizzativi propri di un moderno partito di massa. Una prima personale iniziativa risale agli inizi del 1922 quando Cerchiaro, redattore dell Avanti!, si dedicò, tra non poche difficoltà e incomprensioni, alla costituzione di un archivio del quotidiano del partito. Parole chiave: Archivio storico del socialismo, Partito Socialista Italiano, Filippo Turati, Giacomo Matteotti, Gaetano Salvemini, Benedetto Croce, Norberto Bobbio, Ignazio Silone, Pietro Nenni, Rodolfo Mondolfo, Partito d Azione, Riccardo Lombardi, Luciano Della Mea, Mario Zagari, Torquato di Tella, Olindo Gorni, Corrado Bonfantini, Eugenio Duroni. enni storici L esigenza della fondazione di un Archivio storico del socialismo, sul modello del Bureau de documentation creato dal Partito operaio belga sin dal 1913, o del Labour Research Department promosso dai laburisti inglesi nel 1918, si è manifestata in Italia con un certo ritardo. Infatti all indomani della prima guerra mondiale il Partito Socialista Italiano mancava ancora degli strumenti organizzativi propri di un moderno partito di massa. Una prima personale iniziativa risale agli inizi del 1922 quando Cerchiaro, redattore dell Avanti!, si dedicò, tra non poche difficoltà e incomprensioni, alla costituzione di un archivio del quotidiano del partito.
    [Show full text]
  • Webconf Def 03 05 2007 IT ENG
    Main sponsors Accademia Internazionale di Scienze Ambientali International Academy of Environmental Sciences w e b c o n f e r e n c e wi t h e a s y m e e t i n g TM ° IAES3 Workshop conferenza CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE 21st CENTURY I cambiamenti climatici nel XXI secolo FUTURE PROSPECTS OF THE “HEALTH” OF OUR PLANET AND MANKIND Quale futuroper la “salute” del pianeta terra e dell’uomo Scientifi c and Political programmes and initiatives are confronted Venezia, S. Elena 19 maggio 2007 Venice, S. Elena 19 May 2007 With the scientifi c collaboration of Main sponsor Videocommunication partner Osservatorio Informativo Indipendente sul Latinoamerica www.iaes.info I cambiamenti climatici nel XXI secolo Quale futuro per la “salute” del pianeta terra e dell’uomo Il perché della Conferenza L’ultimo ciclone a spaventare l’Europa è stato Kyrill, il 18 gennaio scorso. Epicentro in Germania e conseguenze anche in Olanda, Belgio e Gran Bretagna. Venti fi no a 200 chilometri orari e decine di vittime. Solo pochi anni prima, nel 2003, l’Europa è stata soggetta all’estate più calda degli ultimi 150 anni. Più di 30000 morti sono attribuite a questa ondata di caldo, che determinò anche una catastrofi ca riduzione di raccolti e un aumento di incendi su larga scala. I mari sempre più caldi scatenano uragani e cicloni più intensi in ogni parte del Pianeta. Nel solo 2004 si sono contate 116 calamità naturali gravi, più del doppio rispetto alle 40-50 avutesi in media tra il 1970 e il 1985.
    [Show full text]