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Carolingian, Romanesque, Gothic
3 periods: - Early Medieval (5th cent. - 1000) - Romanesque (11th-12th cent.) - Gothic (mid-12th-15th cent.) - Charlemagne’s model: Constantine's Christian empire (Renovatio Imperii) - Commission: Odo of Metz to construct a palace and chapel in Aachen, Germany - octagonal with a dome -arches and barrel vaults - influences? Odo of Metz, Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, circa 792-805, Aachen http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=pwIKmKxu614 -Invention of the uniform Carolingian minuscule: revived the form of book production -- Return of the human figure to a central position: portraits of the evangelists as men rather than symbols –Classicism: represented as roman authors Gospel of Matthew, early 9th cent. 36.3 x 25 cm, Kunsthistorische Museum, Vienna Connoisseurship Saint Matthew, Ebbo Gospels, circa 816-835 illuminated manuscript 26 x 22.2 cm Epernay, France, Bibliotheque Municipale expressionism Romanesque art Architecture: elements of Romanesque arch.: the round arch; barrel vault; groin vault Pilgrimage and relics: new architecture for a different function of the church (Toulouse) Cloister Sculpture: revival of stone sculpture sculpted portals Santa Sabina, Compare and contrast: Early Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, Rome, 422-432 Christian vs. Romanesque France, ca. 1070-1120 Stone barrel-vault vs. timber-roofed ceiling massive piers vs. classical columns scarce light vs. abundance of windows volume vs. space size Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, Roman and Romanesque Architecture France, ca. 1070-1120 The word “Romanesque” (Roman-like) was applied in the 19th century to describe western European architecture between the 10th and the mid- 12th centuries Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca. 1070-1120 4 Features of Roman- like Architecture: 1. round arches 2. -
Laon Cathedral • Early Gothic Example with a Plan That Resembles Romanesque
Gothic Art • The Gothic period dates from the 12th and 13th century. • The term Gothic was a negative term first used by historians because it was believed that the barbaric Goths were responsible for the style of this period. Gothic Architecture The Gothic period began with the construction of the choir at St. Denis by the Abbot Suger. • Pointed arch allowed for added height. • Ribbed vaulting added skeletal structure and allowed for the use of larger stained glass windows. • The exterior walls are no longer so thick and massive. Terms: • Pointed Arches • Ribbed Vaulting • Flying Buttresses • Rose Windows Video - Birth of the Gothic: Abbot Suger and St. Denis Laon Cathedral • Early Gothic example with a plan that resembles Romanesque. • The interior goes from three to four levels. • The stone portals seem to jut forward from the façade. • Added stone pierced by arcades and arched and rose windows. • Filigree-like bell towers. Interior of Laon Cathedral, view facing east (begun c. 1190 CE). Exterior of Laon Cathedral, west facade (begun c. 1190 CE). Chartres Cathedral • Generally considered to be the first High Gothic church. • The three-part wall structure allowed for large clerestory and stained-glass windows. • New developments in the flying buttresses. • In the High Gothic period, there is a change from square to the new rectangular bay system. Khan Academy Video: Chartres West Facade of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE). Royal Portals of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE). Nave, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (begun 1134 CE, rebuilt after 1194 CE). -
Mont Saint-Michel, France
Mont Saint-Michel, France The beautiful Mont Saint-Michel at night The timeless treasure of Mont Saint-Michel rises from the sea like a fantasy castle. This small island, located off the coast in northern France, is attacked by the highest tides in Europe. Aubert, Bishop of Avranches, built the small church at the request of the Archangel Michael, chief of the ethereal militia. A small church was dedicated on October 16, 709. The Duke of Normandy requested a community of Benedictines to live on the rock in 966. It led to the construction of the pre-Romanesque church over the peak of the rock. The very first monastery buildings were established along the north wall of the church. The 12th century saw an extension of the buildings to the west and south. In the 14th century, the abbey was protected behind some military constructions, to escape the effects of the Hundred Years War. However, in the 15th century, the Romanesque church was substituted with the Gothic Flamboyant chancel. The medieval castle turned church has become one of the important tourist destinations of France. The township consists of several shops, restaurants, and small hotels. Travel Tips Remember that the tides here are very rough. Do not try to walk over sand as it is dangerous. Get the help of a guide if you wish to take a stroll over the tidal mudflats. The Mount has steep steps; climb carefully. Mont St-Michel Location Map Facts about Mont St-Michel The Mont St-Michel and its Bay were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. -
Real Ideal Photography in France, 1847–1860
REAL IDEAL PHOTOGRAPHY IN FRANCE, 1847–1860 1. Henri Le Secq 2. Édouard Baldus French, 1818–1882 French, born Germany, 1813–1889 Small Dwelling in Mushroom Cave, 1851 Tour Saint-Jacques, Paris, 1852–1853 Salted paper print from a paper negative Salted paper print from a paper negative Image: 35.1 x 22.7 cm (13 13/16 x 8 15/16 in.) Image: 42.9 x 34 cm (16 7/8 x 13 3/8 in.) The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles 84.XP.370.24 84.XM.348.4 3. Henri Le Secq 4. Charles Nègre French, 1818–1882 French, 1820–1880 South Porch, Central Portal, Chartres Cathedral, 1852 Notre–Dame, Paris, about 1853 Waxed paper negative Waxed paper negative Image: 34 x 24 cm (13 3/8 x 9 7/16 in.) Image: 33.6 x 24 cm (13 1/4 x 9 7/16 in.) The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles 2015.39.1 2015.43.1 TRUST/horizontal.ai 6/8 point The J. Paul Getty Trust 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 403 Tel 310 440 7360 [email protected] Communications Department Los Angeles, CA 90049-1681 www.getty.edu 7/9 point The J. Paul Getty Trust 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 403 Tel 310 440 7360 [email protected] Communications Department Los Angeles, CA 90049-1681 www.getty.edu 8/10 point The J. Paul Getty Trust 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 403 Tel 310 440 7360 [email protected] Communications Department Los Angeles, CA 90049-1681 www.getty.edu 9/11 point The J. -
University Micrcsilms International 300 N
INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. -
Gothic Europe 12-15Th C
Gothic Europe 12-15th c. The term “Gothic” was popularized by the 16th c. artist and historian Giorgio Vasari who attributed the style to the Goths, Germanic invaders who had “destroyed” the classical civilization of the Roman empire. In it’s own day the Gothic style was simply called “modern art” or “The French style” Gothic Age: Historical Background • Widespread prosperity caused by warmer climate, technological advances such as the heavy plough, watermills and windmills, and population increase . • Development of cities. Although Europe remained rural, cities gained increasing prominence. They became centers of artistic patronage, fostering communal identity by public projects and ceremonies. • Guilds (professional associations) of scholars founded the first universities. A system of reasoned analysis known as scholasticism emerged from these universities, intent on reconciling Christian theology and Classical philosophy. • Age of cathedrals (Cathedral = a church that is the official seat of a bishop) • 11-13th c - The Crusades bring Islamic and Byzantine influences to Europe. • 14th c. - Black Death killing about one third of population in western Europe and devastating much of Europe’s economy. Europe About 1200 England and France were becoming strong nation-states while the Holy Roman Empire was weakened and ceased to be a significant power in the 13th c. French Gothic Architecture The Gothic style emerged in the Ile- de-France region (French royal domain around Paris) around 1140. It coincided with the emergence of the monarchy as a powerful centralizing force. Within 100 years, an estimate 2700 Gothic churches were built in the Ile-de-France alone. Abbot Suger, 1081-1151, French cleric and statesman, abbot of Saint- Denis from 1122, minister of kings Louis VI and Louis VII. -
Burgundian Gothic Architecture
BURGUNDIAN GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE ROBERT BRANNER DEPARTMENT OF ART HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK A. ZWEMMER LTD LONDON tjj V1 © 1960 A. ZWEMMER LTD, 76-80 CHARING CROSS ROAD, LONDON WC2 MADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BLOCKS ETCHED BY W. F. SEDGWICK LTD, LONDON SEI TEXT AND ILL USTRATIONS PRINTED BY PERCY LUND, HUMPHRIES AND CO. LTD, BRADFORD BOUND BY KEY AND WHITING LTD, LONDON NI Contents List of Plates I. Auxerre Cathedral, the interior of the chevet 2a. Anzy Ie Due, the nave 2b. Paray Ie Monial, the nave 3a. Fontenay, the nave 3b. Pontigny, the nave 4a. Fontenay, the chapter house 4b. Vermenton, detail of the nave sa. Bar sur Aube, St Pierre, the exterior of the chevet sb. Bar sur Aube, St Maclou, detail of the nave 6a. Chablis, St Pierre, the nave 6b. Montreal, the crossing and apse 7a. Langres Cathedral, the interior 7b. Bar sur Aube, St Maclou, the nave Sa. Sens Cathedral, the interior of the chevet sb. Chablis, St Martin, the hemicycle 9a. Auxerre, St Eusebe, the nave 9b. Vezelay, the interior of the chevet 10. Pontigny, the interior of the chevet lIa. Canterbury, a detail of Trinity Chapel IIb. Geneva, former Cathedral, a detail of the choir 12a. Troyes, Madeleine, a detail of the choir I2b. Sens Cathedral, a detail of the north tower wall 13a. Auxerre Cathedral, the north aisle of the chevet 13b. Clamecy, St Martin, the ambulatory wall 14. Auxerre Cathedral, an exterior detail of the hemicycle clerestory IS. Auxerre Cathedral, a detail of the clerestory and triforium 16a. -
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS INTRODUCTION I-1 Chartres
448 Great Spires: Skyscrapers of the New Jerusalem ILLUSTRATION CREDITS INTRODUCTION I-1 Chartres Cathedral (from Étienne Houvet, Chartres Cathedral, rev. by Malcolm B. Miller, Chartres, 1985, cover). I-2 Cologne Cathedral (from Wolff, Cologne Cathedral, 7). I-3 Strasbourg, from the Liber Chronicarum of Hartmann Schedel, woodcut, 1493 (from Elizabeth Rücker, Hartmann Schedels Weltchronik: Das grösste Buchunternehmen der Dürerzeit Munich, 1988, 200-201). I-4 New York, Empire State Building (from Sam Hunter, John Jacobus, and Daniel Wheeler, Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, New York, 2000, 210). I-5 Freiburg im Breisgau, Minster (courtesy Freiburger Münsterbauverein, e.V, Freiburg). I-6 Antwerp, Notre-Dame (from Buyle, Architecture Gothique en Belgique, 96). I-7 Lübeck, Marienkirche (from Heinle and Leonhardt, Towers, 155). I-8 Norwich Cathedral (photograph by Charles D. Cuttler). I-9 Chartres Cathedral, seen rising above the wheat fields of Beauce (from Anne Prache, Chartres Cathedral: Image of the Heavenly Jerusalem, Paris, 1993, 123). I-10 Saturn V launch seen rising across the marshes of Florida (from Richard P. Hallion, ed., Apollo: Ten Years Since Tranquility Base, Washingon, D.C., 1979, 16). I-11 Ulm Minster, spire (photograph by Robert Bork). I-12 Aachen Cathedral treasury, three towered reliquary (from Herta Lepie and Georg Minkenberg, Die Schatzkammer des Aachener Domes Aachen, 1995, 31). I-13 Vienna, Stephansdom, spire (from Arthur Saliger, Cathedral and Metropolitan Church: St. Stephen’s in Vienna, Munich, 1990, 16). Illustration Credits 449 CHAPTER 1 1-1 Babylon, Tower of Babel; reconstruction (from Heinle and Leonhardt, Towers, 29. 1-2 Strasbourg Cathedral, north tower and spire with stair turrets (photograph by Javier Gómez Martinez). -
Introduction
Introduction Kathleen Nolan www.ashgate.com Dany Sandron’s overview of Anne Prache’s career, delivered in May of 2010 and included as the Preface to this volume, gives a sense of the breadth of Prache’s research interests and of her intellectual legacy, which inspired this volume. Sandron notes that early in her career, Prache’s work on Saint-Remi at Reims broadened the scope of an architectural monograph by contextualizing the building as a whole, giving the same weight to liturgical and civic history as to archeological evidence. A theme that stands out in thewww.ashgate.com monograph, as Sandron observes, is Prache’s highlighting of the all-encompassing role of the sponsor of the construction project, Peter of Celle, in what Sandron called the “project management” over the two decades of his abbacy. Prache’s prodigious body of scholarship demonstrates her activity across media and across methodologies. Always a meticulous observer of the nuts and bolts of construction history, Prache embraced as well broad questions of meaning and message, as her study of Chartres Cathedral as an image of thewww.ashgate.com Heavenly Jerusalem so eloquently attests. Prache was also open to applying new tools to medieval art history, notably dendrochronology, the use of which she pioneered for the study of Gothic buildings. Apart from her own research interests, Prache was a bridge-builder, constructing links between the academic community in France and the United States. Professor Prache’s relationship with the US began when she was a Focillon Fellow at Yale University in 1950; she taught at the University of Pennsylvania in 1982, and she was active as an www.ashgate.comadvisor to the International Center of Medieval Art. -
The Gothic Cathedral St
The Gothic Cathedral St. Sernin (Romanesque) Amiens Cathedral (Gothic) Ulm Munster German Cathedral Largest Gothic Structure in the World Cologne Cathedral 1248-1880 2nd largest Gothic Cathedral in the World Various Gothic Styles FRENCH ENGLISH Early Gothic (1130-1190) ‘Early English' Period (1175-1250) High Gothic (1190–1240) ‘Decorated' Period (1250-1300) Rayonnant Gothic (1240–1350) ‘Perpendicular' Period (1350- 1400) Late Gothic or the Flamboyant style (1350–1520) FRENCH Early Gothic Abbey Church of St. Denis Begun 1136-1140 by Abbot Suger FRENCH High Gothic Chartres Cathedral Reims Cathedral Amiens Cathedral Notre Dame Cathedral Much of the 1200s Tall Cathedrals that focused on artistic imagery as well as height FRENCH ‘Rayonnant’ Emphasis on more light and windows… Abbey of St. Denis (below) St. Chappelle (right) FRENCH Late Gothic or FLAMBOYANT style Very dramatic s-curved or flame tracery ENGLISH ‘Early English' Period (1175-1250) Wells Cathedral, below, became Britain's first all-pointed and all-Gothic cathedral when it was rebuilt in 1175. It is considered one of the most beautiful of Britain's cathedrals, and one of the most influential as well. Its style became the template of the new trend in British cathedrals. ENGLISH ‘Decorated' Period (1250-1300) The main characteristic of this era is the ‘bar tracery'. Here, designs in masonry ranging from the simple to the flamboyant, are set on to windows. The result is that the stonework supports of the building can become lighter. Lincoln Cathedral, England ENGLISH ‘Perpendicular' Period (1350-1400) This style is referred to as ‘Perpendicular' because of its stark, rigid exterior lines. -
2017 France with Bertrand Champagne- Alsace & Burgundy
2017 France with Bertrand Champagne- Alsace & Burgundy Dear fellow Chaîne member, “Susan and I had a WONDERFUL trip with you (and the others who joined us). It was even better than we had anticipated (which was already “high” thanks to reports and recommendations from our other Chaine friends who have traveled with you). It couldn’t possibly have been more enjoyable or better in any way. We learned a lot, enjoyed the sites, the hotel accommodations, the wineries which we visited, the educational benefits, and the wonderful wine and food – all of which you obviously worked so hard to make happen for us”. There is nothing like a testimonial to give you a sense of what my trips are all about, particularly when it conveys a message that resonates with such enthusiasm and positive feedback. I am very grateful to Michael and Susan for writing these kind words while traveling with me last September in the Southwestern region of France. This year I had the great pleasure to lead two tours and not only was it a unique opportunity to enjoy a fantastic trip to France but also to travel with Chaîne members that are sharing the same passion for our traditions and values while supporting the Chaîne Foundation. As you know there are few countries in the world that offer so much diversity of landscape, making each region of France a distinctive and unique place to visit. France not only presents all its wonders to explore, but also remains the true capital of gastronomy in the world. The food and wine are part of the French heritage and the French people are eager to share it with those of you who have an appreciation for a lifestyle that emphasizes quality and the good things of life. -
Reims Cathedral
See the Great Cathedrals of France! Airborne re-enactors with John Powell in drop zone! Reims Cathedral The Great Cathedrals of Northern France, Cross Normandy off your Bucket List in 2021! Please join us for a journey back in time to the birthplace of Gothic architecture was the north of France, particularly the northeast quarter of the country; and it is here that the finest of France's gothic cathedrals are to be found; Notre Dame de Paris, Ami- ens, Reims & Rouen. French gothic cathedrals are noted for their fine "chevets", the semi-circular ambulatory and radiating chapels located behind the choir. Chevets already existed in Romanesque cathedrals, but the architects of the great gothic cathedrals embellished them in new ways. Famous Cathedrals on the Tour: Amiens—The largest of the great French gothic cathedrals, with a height under the vault of over 40 meters. The first stone was laid in 1220. Amiens cathedral has some of the finest 13th century gothic sculpture of any cathedral in France. A UNESCO world heritage site. Reims—It was in the Notre Dame cathedral in Reims that the Kings of France used to be crowned. Reims ca- thedral remains one of the great examples of French high gothic: having suffered seriously in two world wars, it has been painstakingly restored to its original splendor. It is one of the most visited of France's great gothic cathedrals. A UNESCO world heritage site Rouen—The cathedral suffered from major damage over the centuries, including lightning strikes, structural collapses, and bombing in the WWII. It remains nevertheless one of the great French medieval gothic cathedrals and is the subject of a world-famous series of paintings by Claude Monet.