LETCESTERSHIRE ENTOI}TOLOGIGAL SOGIETY
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INTRODUCTION
The south-west of Lelcestershire 1s poorry served by nature reserves and sites of special scientific lnterest (SSSI). rndeed, severar sltes have been destroyed in recent years. either by draindg€, motorway construction or guarry tnfirling.
when tlinckley & Bosworth council decided that the amenity varue of the Burbage common and woods complex was not being fully exploited, littre did they rearise the profound effect their decision to commission an ecorogicar survey of the site wourd have on the area. The construction of a new gorf course resulted in the common no longer being treated as a fairway and, since 1984, the common has reverted to a more heath-like appearance. As a resurt the summer of 1988 saw the common awash with flowers.
The 1984 survey (Baker et a7, 1985) recommended the proper maintenance of both the common and woods and a management pran was developed for the site. since 198s, work has been carried out by the countryside Ranger and his team in dev- oping the comprex for recreationar use whilst enhancing its natural history interest. Grass cutting regimes were intro- duced on the common while in the woods coppice cycresr esp- ecially for hazel, together with thinning of crowded standards have been reintroduced.
Figure 1.
Burbage Common
and lloods,
Leicestershire
,n# The results were startling. First and second year coppiced areas were waII-te-wall bluebells and wood anemones and, as 'Iight penetrated into the woodlands, the site became more attractive to insects and birds. The laying of hardcore paths seemed, initially, to be a big mistake. However, this has been a blessing in disguise. Walkers keep to the paths thus leaving much of the wood relatively undisturbed. fndeed, leachates from the paths seem to have enhanced the growth of broad-leaved helleborines and, more recently, greater butter- fly orchids have appeared in greater numbers than ever seen before.
With such changes taking place, monitoring of the site has been carried out by the Countryside Ranger with particular reference to plants and birds. A small- group of enthusiasts joined in this monitoring by running periodic light traps in Burbage Wood with plans to extend trapping into Sheepy Wood and onto the Common. The present report describes the findings in relation to the range of macro-lepidoptera in Burbage Wood during the period 1984 to 1988. Also included is a range of historical records associated with the wood which have been uncovered to date.
GENERAL TNFORMATION ABOUT THE SITE
Burbage Common and Woods (Figure 1 ) cover approximately 74 hectares being made up of the Common (30 ha), Burbage Wood (2O ha), Sheepy Wood (13 ha) and the recently acquired Common extension ( 1 t ha) . The site is located between two major roads, the Leicester Road (A47) and Sapcote Road (A5070) leading to the M69 motorway. Lying about two miles east of Hinckley town centre, the site occupies two tetrads of SP49. A bridleway extends from Smithy Lane on the Sapcote side of the complex across the Common to Burbage Common Road near the A47. Numerous footpaths criss-cross throughout. The site is bisected by the Birmingham-Leicester railway line.
Evidence of ridge and furrow in Burbaqe $lood indicates that the wood is not as old as it may seem at first glance and is I probably of secondary ancient woodland status. Certainly the wood has been in existence for some time as it appears on a 1777 map produced by Prior. Burbage Wood is nationally recognised and protected by provisions of the Wildlife and Countryside Act ( 1981 ) as a sssr. rt has also been desig- nated as a "site of ecological significance at county level" by the Leicestershire Museums Service on behalf of the county council. At this time Burbage Common and Sheepy Wood have received'recognition as being of district significance. '$
l:! Burbage Wood is predominantly an oak-ash woodland with der- r{l elict hazel coppice and a floristically-rich understorey. r::i-!'s Restoration of coppicing compartments in some parts of the q wild flowers .s wood has resulted in transitory open areas where 'n bloom in profusion. By the end of 1988 the hazel was once =:
again starting to shade out the ground flora in the coppiced J t areas. Some thinning of standard trees has allowed the 'j growth of younger specimens thus establishing a woodland with a good age profile. This type of traditional, woodland v management will ensure a living, rather than dying, habitat. MOTHRECORDING
Little in the way of htgtorical records exlst for the wood. Father DesmondMurray of Stoke Golding carrled out some recording during the 1950s and there lg some evl.dence from the Leicestershire MugeumsServlce that a small amount of surveying was carried prior to this in the the 1930s, 1940s and later in the 1960s. However, lt was not untll the 1980s that intensive monitoring was carried out using ltght traps. The 1980s data were generated at a slngle stte ln the woodland (Figure 1 ) using a 125 watt mercury vapour lamp. The light trap was run for up to four hours on any particular visit (Table 1 ). Occasionally a second light trap was run about 50 metres from the main trap and a Heath trap was run on a few extra occasions out of sight of the main lights.
Tabl-e 1. Dates of Tight trapping at Burbage tlood 1984-8.
,t984 1985 1986..... 198? 1,',9.'8.8..: :l 1 . viil 5 . V ,,.t,..i.:.i:,ji, 2,5,,:,iv r,,,,,,, Z 5.,,i,,,t,*,,1.,.,.,.,.,.,., 26.r17..,.,.';r1.l,.i, t.6i.;..", ir i;..i.i 9,.:i.v., ',,.,i:.r.:.:.r.iir.,.:': Z . vi :,,:,::::::::r,:l5. vI. 2..3. f rri..,.,..,.,.'i.i...l ,.,.:,:.:.:r:.,. -rr rr: ..1...1.: 21 . vi.,,,,:.,.,,.4 V,ti.i:.r.,'r,r.::::rI -V ::::: ZO. vi.I.' 12.,+i.i.*. 2iinitj.t viliiii:iiii:ti:i::::llii::ii: 8. vii.i,: 24 i,ifii' 4.,i.,Vi,,,,,,:,..,,l,....,,.,..,,. 12;iN,: 2i:5....rviiiiii.i.;;iii;i1:ii;:ii .::.:::]:j:::::::: 3.x Ir6,,;,v,i,i.,.,,,.,,.,''. 3 0,,.;.vli;.;.;.;.;'1'. 6,,.,r7i [ 1.1.....,.,1,1
SPECTES OF INTEREST' :
(Abraxas lg: Clouded magpie sylvata) A local species in Leicestershire. The record of two males and a single female in pristine condition at Burbage Wood on 25.vi.88 seems to indicate that the species is breeding at the site. Previous records were fifteen and twenty-three years ago. The wood has a substantial amount of el-m suckers and some wych elm which may encourage the expansion of this population.
(Apanea t*t Slender brindle scolapacina) Another local species at the wood which has been recorded in years " three of the five survey but never in any numbers. \z The three records were all within a fortnight of each other ( 11 . viii.84 , 12. viii .87, 30 . vii.88 )
. "a::6 aLlT' Light orange underwing (Archiearis notha)
The only known record for this species at Burbage lilood was one seen on 30.iii.46. It may be advantageous to visit the wood on suitable days early in the spring to ascertain whether the wood still has a population of this moth.
WJ Scarce silver lines (Bena prasinana) A local species, the larvae of which feed on oak. OnIy once recorded from the wood (25.vii.85).
(Conibaena \tt,{ Blotched emerald bajularia) A local species with larvae feeding on oak. Found in Burbage Wood in both 1987 and 1988 after a fourteen year gap. On the night of 4.vii.87 at least twenty perfect examples of the moth were attracted to the MVL over a two hour period indicating the likelihood that there was probably a strong population at the sit.e.
tctf grirrdled white-spot (Ectropis extersaria)
Nationally notable (Nb) with larvae feeding on oak and birch. The Burbage Wood record (21.vi.86) is the only known record for the south west of Leicestershire.
(Leucosoma ,;rt, white satin salicis) l Found in 1984 and 1988 as singles. While classed as a local species by the NCC Invertebrate Site Register, the moth has been found at two other sites in the district but never in any numbers.
(ptesoleuca \er6 Beautiful carpet aLbiciTlata) Found in 1987 at dusk (4.vii.87) but also taken at lt[VL at two gardens in the district around the same time.
;1ti Lead-coloured drab (Orthosia populeti)
Recorded in 1987 with identification being eonfirmed by the examination of the genitalia. Nationally notable (Nb). I l (ehilereme aA Brown scallop vetulata) This notable species (Nb) has only been recorded once at { Burbage Wood (5.vii.63). The larvae feed on buckthorn of which only a few plants exist in the Burbage Common and Woods complex. The species is almost certainly extinct at the site. dE Scorched wing (Plagodis dolabraria) r \uoJ( .:d:, r.$ Even though generally distributed over Britain, the insect .i tends to be local. The moth was recorded at Burbage Wood r.::s ii on only one occasion (21.vi.86). However, a few miles away at Barwell the moth is regularly attracted to a garden light I trap but is never found in any numbers.
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lb\ Leopard (lcuzcra pyrtna) A local species recorded each year tn the Hlnckley dlstrict (although usually only singles) wtth only one record from Burbage Wood (26.vii.85) . SUMMARY 189 specl.es of macrolepidoptera have becn recorded at the 28 light traps run during the five year period 1984 1988. The following appendices detail the records obtained ln that time together with information on other records from the wood. To date, Burbage $loo has a total list of 209 macrolepidoptera of which several are probably now extinct at the site. Other species, for example the clouded magpie, are probably small and vulnerable populations. StilI other species are possibly vagrants. It is to be hoped that the reintroduction of traditional management to the wood will be carried out in a sympathetic way so that those species most at risk will be able to thrive. I
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arnold, GA, Arnold, MA & Thomas, RJ (1981 ). A provisional -Irst of the macrolepidoptera of Nuneaton, Tamworth, HinckLey, Bedworth, Atherstone and Market Bosworth area. Privately produced manuscript. Baker, MR, Gameson, TA & Morley, R (1985). An ecologicaL survey and management pLan for Burbage Conmon and Woods. i Hinckley & Bosworth District Council. Bouskell, T (1907). Lepidoptera. In: "The Victoria Hlstory of the County of Leicestershire" edited by W. Page, . 1, 7g-gg. Morris, R (1986 . Moth records 1985. Naturewatch (HinckLey & District Natural History Society), 10, 22-28. Morris, R (1987 . Father Murray moth collection. Naturewatch, 11, 1g-19. Morris, R (1988 Macromoths 1987. Naturewatch, 12, 16-19. U Morris, R (1989 1988 macromoth report. Naturewatch, 13, 18-1 9. tl
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am gratefut to the Leicestershire Museums Service for allowing access to information held in the Biological Records Centre. Also to the Hinckley and District Natural ll History Society (HDNHS) for the use of their records and to Sr. Louis Bertrand, headmistress (now retired) of St Martin's High School, Stoke Golding for access to the Father Murray collection of British moths.
ABBREVTATIONSUSED IN THE APPENDTCES
LMS - Leicestershire Museums Service v DPM - Father Desmond Murray moth collection AII other records are HDNHSand the author's. o
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