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UK Macro-moth Verification Grading taken from the NBN Record Cleaner The following grades were applied for use with the NBN Record Cleaner for guidance only! The website may be found at: https://nbn.org.uk/tools-and-resources/nbn-toolbox/nbn-record-cleaner/ 1. Species that can be relatively easily identified even by inexperienced recorders with the use of up-to- date field guides. Such records would be accepted without the need for additional evidence as long as they conform to the normal flight period and geographical range of the species. 2. Species where care is needed for identification. Should not present any difficulty for experienced recorders, but inexperienced recorders may be expected to provide additional evidence in the form of photographs of reasonable quality that show as many of the identification features as possible or, alternatively, a specimen. Even experienced recorders may be expected to provide additional evidence if the record is outside of the normal flight period or geographical range of the species. 3. Species that are difficult to identify. Even experienced recorders may be expected to provide additional evidence, for example a specimen, particularly if the record is outside of the normal flight period or geographical range of the species. 4. Species that can only be identified following critical assessment, often involving dissection and examination of genitalia. A specimen should be retained for confirmation. These verification grades carry no warranty. Errors and omissions, please notify Les Evans-Hill, email [email protected]. Code Taxon Vernacular Grade 3.001 Triodia sylvina Orange Swift 1 3.002 Korscheltellus lupulina Common Swift 1 3.003 Korscheltellus fusconebulosa Map-winged Swift 2 3.004 Phymatopus hecta Gold Swift 1 3.005 Hepialus humuli Ghost Moth 1 50.001 Cossus cossus Goat Moth 1 50.002 Zeuzera pyrina Leopard Moth 1 50.003 Phragmataecia castaneae Reed Leopard 1 52.001 Pennisetia hylaeiformis Raspberry Clearwing 1 52.002 Sesia apiformis Hornet Moth 2 52.003 Sesia bembeciformis Lunar Hornet Moth 2 52.004 Paranthrene tabaniformis Dusky Clearwing 1 52.005 Synanthedon scoliaeformis Welsh Clearwing 1 52.006 Synanthedon spheciformis White-barred Clearwing 1 52.007 Synanthedon culiciformis Large Red-belted Clearwing 1 52.008 Synanthedon formicaeformis Red-tipped Clearwing 1 52.009 Synanthedon flaviventris Sallow Clearwing 1 52.010 Synanthedon andrenaeformis Orange-tailed Clearwing 1 52.011 Synanthedon myopaeformis Red-belted Clearwing 1 52.012 Synanthedon vespiformis Yellow-legged Clearwing 1 52.013 Synanthedon tipuliformis Currant Clearwing 1 52.014 Bembecia ichneumoniformis Six-belted Clearwing 1 52.015 Pyropteron chrysidiformis Fiery Clearwing 1 52.016 Pyropteron muscaeformis Thrift Clearwing 1 53.001 Apoda limacodes Festoon 1 53.002 Heterogenea asella Triangle 1 54.001 Jordanita globulariae Scarce Forester 3 54.002 Adscita statices Forester 3 54.003 Adscita geryon Cistus Forester 3 54.004 Zygaena purpuralis Transparent Burnet 1 54.005 Zygaena loti Slender Scotch Burnet 2 54.006 Zygaena exulans Scotch Burnet or Mountain Burnet 2 54.007 Zygaena viciae New Forest Burnet 3 54.008 Zygaena filipendulae Six-spot Burnet 1 54.009 Zygaena lonicerae Narrow-bordered Five-spot Burnet 3 54.010 Zygaena trifolii Five-spot Burnet 3 65.001 Falcaria lacertinaria Scalloped Hook-tip 1 65.002 Watsonalla binaria Oak Hook-tip 2 65.003 Watsonalla cultraria Barred Hook-tip 2 65.004 Drepana curvatula Dusky Hook-tip 3 65.005 Drepana falcataria Pebble Hook-tip 1 65.006 Sabra harpagula Scarce Hook-tip 1 65.007 Cilix glaucata Chinese Character 1 65.008 Thyatira batis Peach Blossom 1 65.009 Habrosyne pyritoides Buff Arches 1 65.010 Tethea ocularis Figure of Eighty 1 65.011 Tethea or Poplar Lutestring 2 65.012 Tetheella fluctuosa Satin Lutestring 2 65.013 Ochropacha duplaris Common Lutestring 2 65.014 Cymatophorina diluta Oak Lutestring 1 65.015 Polyploca ridens Frosted Green 1 65.016 Achlya flavicornis Yellow Horned 1 66.001 Poecilocampa populi December Moth 1 66.002 Trichiura crataegi Pale Eggar 1 66.003 Malacosoma neustria Lackey 1 66.004 Malacosoma castrensis Ground Lackey 2 66.005 Eriogaster lanestris Small Eggar 1 66.006 Lasiocampa trifolii Grass Eggar 1 66.006 Lasiocampa trifolii f. flava Pale Grass Eggar 2 66.007 Lasiocampa quercus Oak Eggar 1 66.007 Lasiocampa quercus Oak Eggar 2 66.008 Macrothylacia rubi Fox Moth 1 66.009 Dendrolimus pini Pine-tree Lappet 1 66.010 Euthrix potatoria Drinker 1 66.011 Phyllodesma ilicifolia Small Lappet 1 66.012 Gastropacha quercifolia Lappet 1 67.001 Endromis versicolora Kentish Glory 1 68.001 Saturnia pavonia Emperor Moth 1 69.001 Mimas tiliae Lime Hawk-moth 1 69.002 Smerinthus ocellata Eyed Hawk-moth 1 69.003 Laothoe populi Poplar Hawk-moth 1 69.004 Agrius convolvuli Convolvulus Hawk-moth 1 69.005 Acherontia atropos Death's-head Hawk-moth 1 69.006 Sphinx ligustri Privet Hawk-moth 1 69.007 Sphinx pinastri Pine Hawk-moth 1 69.008 Hemaris tityus Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth 2 69.009 Hemaris fuciformis Broad-bordered Bee Hawk-moth 2 69.010 Macroglossum stellatarum Humming-bird Hawk-moth 1 69.011 Daphnis nerii Oleander Hawk-moth 1 69.012 Proserpinus proserpina Willowherb Hawk-moth 1 69.013 Hyles euphorbiae Spurge Hawk-moth 2 69.014 Hyles gallii Bedstraw Hawk-moth 2 69.015 Hyles livornica Striped Hawk-moth 1 69.016 Deilephila elpenor Elephant Hawk-moth 1 69.017 Deilephila porcellus Small Elephant Hawk-moth 1 69.018 Hippotion celerio Silver-striped Hawk-moth 1 70.001 Idaea serpentata Ochraceous Wave 2 70.002 Idaea muricata Purple-bordered Gold 2 70.003 Idaea ochrata Bright Wave 2 70.004 Idaea rusticata Least Carpet 1 70.005 Idaea dilutaria Silky Wave 3 70.006 Idaea fuscovenosa Dwarf Cream Wave 2 70.007 Idaea humiliata Isle of Wight Wave 3 70.008 Idaea seriata Small Dusty Wave 2 70.009 Idaea subsericeata Satin Wave 2 70.010 Idaea sylvestraria Dotted Border Wave 2 70.011 Idaea dimidiata Single-dotted Wave 2 70.012 Idaea trigeminata Treble Brown Spot 2 70.013 Idaea biselata Small Fan-footed Wave 2 70.014 Idaea contiguaria Weaver's Wave 2 70.015 Idaea emarginata Small Scallop 1 70.016 Idaea aversata Riband Wave 1 70.017 Idaea degeneraria Portland Ribbon Wave 2 70.018 Idaea straminata Plain Wave 2 70.019 Scopula immorata Lewes Wave 1 70.020 Scopula nigropunctata Sub-angled Wave 2 70.021 Scopula ornata Lace Border 1 70.022 Scopula rubiginata Tawny Wave 1 70.023 Scopula marginepunctata Mullein Wave 1 70.024 Scopula imitaria Small Blood-vein 1 70.025 Scopula immutata Lesser Cream Wave 2 70.026 Scopula ternata Smoky Wave 2 70.027 Scopula floslactata Cream Wave 2 70.028 Scopula emutaria Rosy Wave 1 70.029 Timandra comae Blood-Vein 1 70.030 Cyclophora pendularia Dingy Mocha 2 70.031 Cyclophora annularia Mocha 1 70.032 Cyclophora albipunctata Birch Mocha 1 70.033 Cyclophora puppillaria Blair's Mocha 2 70.034 Cyclophora ruficiliaria Jersey Mocha 3 70.035 Cyclophora porata False Mocha 3 70.036 Cyclophora punctaria Maiden's Blush 2 70.037 Cyclophora linearia Clay Triple-lines 2 70.038 Rhodometra sacraria Vestal 1 70.039 Phibalapteryx virgata Oblique Striped 1 70.040 Scotopteryx mucronata Lead Belle 3 70.041 Scotopteryx luridata July Belle 3 70.042 Scotopteryx peribolata Spanish Carpet 1 70.043 Scotopteryx bipunctaria Chalk Carpet 1 70.045 Scotopteryx chenopodiata Shaded Broad-bar 1 70.046 Orthonama vittata Oblique Carpet 1 70.047 Nycterosea obstipata Gem 1 70.048 Xanthorhoe decoloraria Red Carpet 1 70.049 Xanthorhoe fluctuata Garden Carpet 1 70.050 Xanthorhoe biriviata Balsam Carpet 2 70.051 Xanthorhoe spadicearia Red Twin-spot Carpet 2 70.052 Xanthorhoe ferrugata Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet 2 70.053 Xanthorhoe designata Flame Carpet 1 70.054 Xanthorhoe montanata Silver-ground Carpet 1 70.055 Xanthorhoe quadrifasiata Large Twin-spot Carpet 2 70.056 Catarhoe cuculata Royal Mantle 1 70.057 Catarhoe rubidata Ruddy Carpet 1 70.058 Costaconvexa polygrammata Many-lined 2 70.0581 Costaconvexa centrostrigaria Traveller 3 70.059 Camptogramma bilineata Yellow Shell 1 70.060 Epirrhoe tristata Small Argent and Sable 2 70.061 Epirrhoe alternata Common Carpet 1 70.062 Epirrhoe rivata Wood Carpet 2 70.063 Epirrhoe galiata Galium Carpet 1 70.064 Euphyia biangulata Cloaked Carpet 2 70.065 Euphyia unangulata Sharp-angled Carpet 2 70.066 Earophila badiata Shoulder Stripe 1 70.067 Anticlea derivata Streamer 1 70.068 Mesoleuca albicillata Beautiful Carpet 1 70.069 Pelurga comitata Dark Spinach 1 70.070 Larentia clavaria Mallow 1 70.071 Entephria flavicinctata Yellow-ringed Carpet 2 70.072 Entephria caesiata Grey Mountain Carpet 1 70.073 Spargania luctuata White-banded Carpet 2 70.074 Hydriomena furcata July Highflier 1 70.075 Hydriomena impluviata May Highflier 1 70.076 Hydriomena ruberata Ruddy Highflier 2 70.077 Pennithera firmata Pine Carpet 1 70.078 Thera cognata Chestnut-coloured Carpet 2 70.079 Thera britannica Spruce Carpet 2 70.081 Thera obeliscata Grey Pine Carpet 2 70.082 Thera juniperata Juniper Carpet 1 70.083 Thera cupressata Cypress Carpet 1 70.084 Plemyria rubiginata Blue-bordered Carpet 1 70.085 Cidaria fulvata Barred Yellow 1 70.086 Electrophaes corylata Broken-barred Carpet 1 70.087 Cosmorhoe ocellata Purple Bar 1 70.088 Eustroma reticulata Netted Carpet 1 70.089 Eulithis prunata Phoenix 1 70.090 Eulithis testata Chevron 1 70.091 Eulithis populata Northern Spinach 2 70.092 Eulithis mellinata Spinach 2 70.093 Gandaritis pyraliata Barred Straw 1 70.094 Ecliptopera silaceata Small Phoenix 1 70.095 Chloroclysta siterata Red-Green Carpet 2 70.096 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  • Phragmites Australis

    Phragmites Australis

    Journal of Ecology 2017, 105, 1123–1162 doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12797 BIOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE BRITISH ISLES* No. 283 List Vasc. PI. Br. Isles (1992) no. 153, 64,1 Biological Flora of the British Isles: Phragmites australis Jasmin G. Packer†,1,2,3, Laura A. Meyerson4, Hana Skalov a5, Petr Pysek 5,6,7 and Christoph Kueffer3,7 1Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; 2School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; 3Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich,€ Switzerland; 4University of Rhode Island, Natural Resources Science, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; 5Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-25243, Pruhonice, Czech Republic; 6Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic; and 7Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa Summary 1. This account presents comprehensive information on the biology of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (P. communis Trin.; common reed) that is relevant to understanding its ecological char- acteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biologi- cal Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors and to the abiotic environment, plant structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and diseases, as well as history including invasive spread in other regions, and conservation. 2. Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan species native to the British flora and widespread in lowland habitats throughout, from the Shetland archipelago to southern England.
  • Keys for Nocturnal Workshop April 2018

    Keys for Nocturnal Workshop April 2018

    Keys for the identification of British and Irish nocturnal Ichneumonidae Gavin R. Broad Dept. of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD; email: [email protected] Introduction These notes and draft keys support the Nocturnal Ichneumonoidea Recording Scheme (http://nocturnalichs.myspecies.info/), concentrating on Ichneumonidae. The main emphasis here is on the species of Ophioninae, a subfamily of predominantly nocturnal species, and on the species of Netelia. The keys and notes presented here are mostly rather rough and ready, although keys to Cidaphus and Enicospilus are taken from published papers. Some illlustrations have been copied from published sources: Ophion from Brock (1982), Cidaphus from Fitton (1985), Enicospilus from Broad & Shaw (2016) and Netelia (Netelia) from Konishi (2005). Kazuhiko Konishi has also kindly sent me a draft plate with his drawings of Netelia (Bessobates) male genitalia, based on British specimens. A few of my own images are included. Figures are numbered independently for each key. Dichotomous characters are listed first, confirmatory characters that are not reflected in the other half of the couplet are placed in square brackets. It is important to bear in mind that many species of Ophion and Netelia are not identifiable by single characters, instead several characters need to be evaluated in combination. The more specimens that you’ve amassed, the better, as it will then be easier to compare character states across species. These keys are not intended for formal publication in their current state but please do send this to anybody who may be interested in learning more about nocturnal ichneumonoids.