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Albizia Procera Journal Home Page www.bbbulletin.org BRITISH BIOMEDICAL BULLETIN Original Phytochemical Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Aerial Parts of Albizia procera S. Sivakrishnan1* and A. KottaiMuthu1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Received 26 Feb. 2014 Received in revised form 05 March 2014 Accepted 07 March. 2014 The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical activity of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Albizia procera Roxb. Keywords: (Benth.) belonging to the family Mimosaceae. The aerial parts Triterpenoids, were collected and extract prepared from ethanol by hot Flavonoids, Saponins, continuous percolation method in Soxhlet apparatus for 24 hrs and Albizia procera. found triterpenoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Each active compound shows different activities against different type of diseases like cancer, liver disorders, diabetes, atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases etc. It also possesses antioxidant properties. According to their characteristics, they can be involved Corresponding author: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering & into medicinal plant category. Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail address: [email protected] © 2014 British Biomedical Bulletin. All rights reserved Sivakrishnan et al________________________________________________ ISSN-2347-5447 Introduction The plant kingdom is undoubtedly considered useful in treating pregnancy valuable as a source of new medicinal problems, for stomach-ache and sinus. They agents1. Medicinal plants have various were reported to exhibit various effects on living systems2. Medicinal plants pharmacological activities such as CNS contents are used for the development of activity, cardiotonic activity, lipid-lowering new drug compounds that are used in the activity, anti-oxidant activity hepato- treatment of different type of diseases like protective activity, hypoglycemic activity, liver and heart problems, cancer, diabetes3, etc9. Even through, traditionally, leaves of atherosclerosis etc. There is no rational Albizia procera were extensively used for therapy available for treating the above the treatment of variety of wounds10. Seeds diseases is still a challenge to the modern are powdered and used in amoebiasis. It medicine. Therefore, most of the medicinal cures urinary tract infections including plants raw materials are used for the glycosuria, haemorrhoids, fistula and worm development of new drugs4,5. These infestation. It also suppresses skin diseases. medicinal plants are used to treatment for Fruits of Albizia procera acts as astringent variety of diseases without any side effects6. and diminishes Kapha and Sukra11. In India, Albizia procera is widely leaves are poulticed on to ulcers12. Hence distributed from India and Myanmar through the present study was to evaluate the Southeast Asia to Papua New Guinea and phytochemical activity of ethanolic extract northern Australia. The habitat ranges from of aerial parts of Albizia procera Roxb. monsoon forest, mixed deciduous forest, (Benth.). savannah woodlands, pyrogenic grassland, roadsides and dry gullies, to stunted, Collection and Identification of Plant seasonal swamp forest. It is commonly materials found in open secondary forest and in areas The aerial parts of Albizia procera with a pronounced dry season. Albizia were collected from Tuliarai, Tirunelveli procera is a tree with an open canopy, up to District of Tamil Nadu, India. Taxonomic 30 m tall and trunk of 35 (60 max.)cm in identification was made from Botanical diameter; bole straight or crooked, up to 9 Survey of Medicinal Plants Unit Siddha, m. Bark smooth, pale yellowish-brown or Government of India. Palayamkottai. The brown with horizontal ridges; branches aerial parts of Albizia procera were dried terete, glabrous. Leaves bipinnate; apex under shade, segregated, pulverized by a rounded or subtruncate, often emarginate, mechanical grinder and passed through a 40 mucronate; both surfaces sparsely appressed mesh sieve. puberulous, rarely glabrous on top side. Flowers 15-30 per glomerule, sessile, Preparation of Extracts uniform, bisexual. Fruits rich red or reddish- The above powdered materials were brown, flattened pods, chartaceous, successively extracted with ethanol by hot glabrous, with distinct marks over the seeds; continuous percolation method in Soxhlet mature pods each containing 6-12 seeds, apparatus13for 24 hrs. The extract was seeds are small, greenish-brown, elliptical to concentrated by using a rotary evaporator round, flat, with a hard, smooth seed coat. and subjected to freeze drying in a This plant is used traditionally in lyophilizer till dry powder was obtained. anticancer7, pain, convulsions, delirium and septicemia8. The decoction of bark is given for rheumatism, haemorrhage and is BBB[2][1][2014]235-241 Sivakrishnan et al________________________________________________ ISSN-2347-5447 Preliminary Screening of Phytochemical Hager's Test Test A fraction of the extract was treated with Hager's reagent and observed for the Phytochemical Screening of ethanolic extract formation of yellow precipitate, indicated from Albizia procera the presence of alkaloids. The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening for the Test for Carbohydrates detection of various plant constituents present. The term qualitative analysis refers Molisch's Test to the establishing and providing the identity To 2 ml of the extract, 1 ml of - of a substance. The pharmacological actions napthol solution was added, and of crude drugs were determined by the concentrated sulphuric acid was added nature of their constituents the through the sides of test tube. Purple or phytoconstituents are responsible for the reddish violet colour at the junction of the desired therapeutic properties. To obtain two liquids revealed the presence of these pharmacological effects, the plant carbohydrates. materials itself or extract in a suitable solvent or isolated active constituent may be Fehling's Test used. To 1ml of the extract, equal The ethanolic extract of Albizia quantities of Fehling's solution A and B procera was subjected to the following were added, while heating formation of a chemical tests used for the identification of brick red precipitate that indicated the various active constituents14. presence of carbohydrates. Tests for Alkaloids Benedict's test To 5ml of Benedict’s reagent, 1ml of Dragendroff's Test extract solution was added and boiled for 2 A fraction of the extract was treated minutes and cooled. Formation of a red with Dragondroff’s reagent and observed for precipitate showed the presence of the formation of yellow coloured precipitate, carbohydrates. indicated the presence of alkaloids. Tests of Glycosides Wagner's Test A fraction of the extract was treated Legal's Test with Wagner's reagent and observed for the The extract was dissolved in pyridine formation of a reddish brown precipitate, and sodium nitroprusside solution was indicated the presence of alkaloids. added to make it alkaline. The formation of pink red to red colour showed the presence Mayer's Test of glycosides. A fraction of the extract was treated with Mayer's reagent and observed for the Baljet Test formation of white precipitate or creamy To 1 ml of the ethanolic extract was coloured precipitate, indicated the presence added with 1 ml sodium picrate solution and of alkaloids. the yellow to orange colour revealed the presence of glycosides. BBB[2][1][2014]235-241 Sivakrishnan et al________________________________________________ ISSN-2347-5447 Borntrager’s Test fluorescence to indicate the presence of A few ml of dilute HCl was added to coumarins. 1 ml of the extract solution. It was then boiled, filtered and the filtrate was extracted Test for Flavonoids16,17 with chloroform. The chloroform layer was then treated with 1 ml of ammonia. The Shinoda test formation of red colour showed the presence The dried extract powder or extract of anthraquinone glycosides. was treated with 5ml of 95% ethanol. Few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid and Keller Killiani Test 0.5g of magnesium turnings. Pink colour The extract was dissolved in acetic was observed which shows the presence of acid containing traces of ferric chloride and flavonoids. it was then transferred to a test tube containing sulphuric acid. At the junction, Test for Tannins and Phenolic formation of a reddish brown colour, which compounds18 gradually became blue, confirmed the presence of glycosides. Ferric chloride test 1 ml of the extract was added with Tests for Phytosterol15 ferric chloride and observed for the formation of a dark blue or greenish black Libermann Burchard Test colour indicated the presence of Tannins and Mixed 3ml of extract was added with Phenolic compounds. 3ml of acetic acid anhydride. It was heated and then cooled. Few drops of concentrated Gelatin Test sulphuric acid were added. Appearance of A fraction of the extract was treated blue colour shows the presence of with 1%gelatin containing 10%NaCl and phytosterol. observed for the precipitation, indicated the presence of Tannins and Phenolic Salkowski's Test compounds. Dissolve the extract in chloroform and equal volume of concentrate sulphuric Tests for Proteins and Amino Acids acid was added. Formation of bluish red to cherry red colour in chloroform layer and Biuret Test
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