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The Christchurch Attack Report: Key Takeaways on Tarrant’S Radicalization and Attack Planning
The Christchurch Attack Report: Key Takeaways on Tarrant’s Radicalization and Attack Planning Yannick Veilleux-Lepage, Chelsea Daymon and Amarnath Amarasingam i The Christchurch Attack Report: Key Takeaways on Tarrant’s Radicalization and Attack Planning Yannick Veilleux-Lepage, Chelsea Daymon and Amarnath Amarasingam ICCT Perspective December 2020 ii About ICCT The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague (ICCT) is an independent think and do tank providing multidisciplinary policy advice and practical, solution- oriented implementation support on prevention and the rule of law, two vital pillars of effective counterterrorism. ICCT’s work focuses on themes at the intersection of countering violent extremism and criminal justice sector responses, as well as human rights-related aspects of counterterrorism. The major project areas concern countering violent extremism, rule of law, foreign fighters, country and regional analysis, rehabilitation, civil society engagement and victims’ voices. Functioning as a nucleus within the international counter-terrorism network, ICCT connects experts, policymakers, civil society actors and practitioners from different fields by providing a platform for productive collaboration, practical analysis, and exchange of experiences and expertise, with the ultimate aim of identifying innovative and comprehensive approaches to preventing and countering terrorism. Licensing and Distribution ICCT publications are published in open access format and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons -
Rebuilding Efforts to Take Years News Officials Estimate All Schools in Oslo Were Evacu- Ated Oct
(Periodicals postage paid in Seattle, WA) TIME-DATED MATERIAL — DO NOT DELAY News In Your Neighborhood A Midwest Celebrating 25 welcome Se opp for dem som bare vil years of Leif leve sitt liv i fred. to the U.S. De skyr intet middel. Erikson Hall Read more on page 3 – Claes Andersson Read more on page 13 Norwegian American Weekly Vol. 122 No. 38 October 21, 2011 Established May 17, 1889 • Formerly Western Viking and Nordisk Tidende $1.50 per copy Norway.com News Find more at www.norway.com Rebuilding efforts to take years News Officials estimate All schools in Oslo were evacu- ated Oct. 12 closed due to it could take five danger of explosion in school years and NOK 6 fire extinguishers. “There has been a manufacturing defect billion to rebuild discovered in a series of fire extinguishers used in schools government in Oslo. As far as I know there buildings have not been any accidents be- cause of this,” says Ron Skaug at the Fire and Rescue Service KELSEY LARSON in Oslo. Schools in Oslo were Copy Editor either closed or had revised schedules the following day. (blog.norway.com/category/ Government officials estimate news) that it may take five years and cost NOK 6 billion (approximately Culture USD 1 billion) to rebuild the gov- American rapper Snoop Dogg ernment buildings destroyed in the was held at the Norwegian bor- aftermath of the July 22 terrorist der for having “too much cash.” attacks in Oslo. He was headed to an autograph Rigmor Aasrud, a member of signing at an Adidas store on the Labor Party and Minister of Oct. -
Crime, Terrorism Or Nightmare
CRIME, TERRORISM OR NIGHTMARE: News Representations of the 2011 Norway Attacks Master’s thesis Sampsa Markkula University of Jyväskylä Department of Languages English May 2014 JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO Tiedekunta – Faculty Laitos – Department Humanistinen tiedekunta Kielten laitos Tekijä – Author Sampsa Markkula Työn nimi – Title Crime, Terrorism or Nightmare: News Representations of the 2011 Norway Attacks Oppiaine – Subject Työn laji – Level Englanti Pro gradu -tutkielma Aika – Month and year Sivumäärä – Number of pages Toukokuu 2014 77 sivua + 2 liitettä Tiivistelmä – Abstract Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää vuoden 2011 Norjan terrori-iskun ja sen tekijän Anders Breivikin representaatioita vä littömästi iskun jälkeen kahdessa sanomalehdessä, The Daily Telegraph ja The New York Times. Erityisesti keskityn siihen, esitetäänkö iskut terrorismina, rikoksena vai jotenkin muutoin, sekä tekeekö media kytköksiä aiempiin samankaltaisiin tapauksiin ja on ko lehtien välillä eroja esitystavassa. Norjan terrori-isku on taustoiltaan ja tapahtumaympäristöltään uniikki, joten vastaavaa tutkimusta ei ole aiemmin tehty. Representaatioita tutkitaan Fairclough’n kriittisen diskurssianalyysin keinoin ja tukeutuen so veltuvin osin aiempiin löydöksiin mediatutkimuksen alalta. Representaatioita etsitään sekä otsikkotasolta että valittujen artikkelien koko sisällöstä. Osoittautui, että vaikka terrorismiviittaukset olivat otsikkotasolla vähäisiä, iskut leimattiin artikkel ien sisällössä useimmiten terrorismiksi. Breivikiä verrattiin useissa artikkeleissa yhdysvaltalaisiin -
Awaiting Breivik's Verdict
(Periodicals postage paid in Seattle, WA) TIME-DATED MATERIAL — DO NOT DELAY Taste of Norway Roots & Connections Sound Spirits Barneblad: Aquavit: Gode venner er engler som løfter Fun with balloons oss opp igjen når våre vinger har That’s the spirit! glemt hvordan det er å fly. for kids of all ages Read more on page 8 – Nils Bredesen Read more on page 10 Norwegian American Weekly Vol. 123 No. 26 June 29, 2012 Established May 17, 1889 • Formerly Western Viking and Nordisk Tidende $1.50 per copy Norway.com News Find more at www.norway.com Awaiting Breivik’s verdict News The recent Oil Fund move to July 22 trial ends buy property based from tax haven Luxembourg is under fire after 10 weeks from Norwegian-born French corruption hunter Eva Joly. “I of emotionally cannot understand how it’s pos- charged sible to set up a branch of the Oil Fund in a tax haven. It should testimonies be prohibited,” said a shocked Joly to Klassekampen. NOK STAFF COMPILATION 6.6 billion (almost USD 1.1 Norwegian American Weekly billion) was invested in compa- nies registered in tax havens the “The funeral gave me moti- Cayman Islands, Jersey, Guern- sey, and Luxembourg last year. vation. The multicultural Norway Answering Eva Joly’s censure, I’m so proud of. It showed that he Labor (Ap) Deputy Minister of failed. And we must be proud of it. Finance Hilde Singsaas stated Bano did not die in vain. She died there is nothing unusual about for the multicultural Norway.” establishing a property fund in Lara Rashid was one of the Luxembourg when investing in five witnesses to testify on the last more than one country. -
Oslo Tingrett - TOSLO-2011-188627-24 - RG-2012-1153
Utskrift fra Lovdata - 17.01.2018 09:02 Oslo tingrett - TOSLO-2011-188627-24 - RG-2012-1153 Instans Oslo tingrett - Dom. Dato 2012-08-24 Publisert TOSLO-2011-188627-24 - RG-2012-1153 Stikkord (22. juli-saken / 22. juli-dommen) Strafferett. Terror. Drap. Sprengning. Tilregnelighet. Forvaring. Straffeloven § 39c, § 44, straffeloven § 147a første ledd bokstav a og b, jf. straffeloven § 148 første ledd 1. straffalternativ og § 233 første og annet ledd, jf. § 49. Sammendrag En 32 år gammel mann ble for to terrorhandlinger der blant annet 77 personer ble drept, dømt til 21 års forvaring med en minstetid på 10 år. Tiltalte drepte 8 og skadet 9 personer alvorlig da han sprengte en bombe i Regjeringskvartalet i Oslo. Eksplosjonen forårsaket også omfattende materielle ødeleggelser. Samme dag drepte gjerningsmannen 69 personer på Utøya, flertallet av disse var deltakere på AUFs sommerleir. I tillegg ble 33 ungdommer skadet. Foruten de fysiske skadene ble et stort antall personer påført psykiske lidelser. Tiltalte ble av retten funnet å være tilregnelig, dvs. ikke psykotisk, på gjerningstidspunktet. Retten har en omfattende og grundig vurdering av om vilkårene for tilregnelighet er oppfylt. Han kunne dermed idømmes straff. Saksgang Oslo tingrett TOSLO-2011-188627-24 (11-188627MED-OTIR/05). Rettskraftig. Parter Den offentlige påtalemyndighet (statsadvokat Svein Holden og statsadvokat Inga Bejer Engh) mot A (advokat Geir Lippestad, advokat Vibeke Hein Bæra, advokat Tord Eskild Kvinge Jordet og advokatfullmektig Odd Ivar Aursnes Grøn). Forfatter Rettens leder tingrettsdommer Wenche Elizabeth Arntzen, fagdommer tingrettsdommer Arne Lyng. Meddommere: Ernst Henning Eielsen, Diana Patricia Fynbo, Anne Elisabeth Wisløff. Sist oppdatert 2018-01-17 TOSLO-2011-188627-24 - RG-2012-1153 Side 1 Utskrift fra Lovdata - 17.01.2018 09:02 Side 3 1. -
Christian Terror in Europe? the Bible in Anders Behring Breivik's Manifesto
J Bible Recept 2017; 4(1): 147–169 Hannah Strømmen* Christian Terror in Europe? The Bible in Anders Behring Breivik’s Manifesto DOI 10.1515/jbr-2017-2006 Abstract: In the attempts to understand the ideology underpinning the terror attack in Norway 22nd July 2011, and the growth of far-right extremism in Europe more generally, Christianity and the uses of the Bible are a largely neglected feature. In this article, I examine the way in which the Bible is used in Anders Behring Breivik’s manifesto, arguing that this provides an important example of the role of Christianity in far-right discourse. I show that the Bible functions as a legitimating device, glossing violence as defense of a Christian Europe; as a motivational instrument, positing God as a fellow fighter; and, as an origin for Europe. The Bible is situated in a pre-modern state where its signifying powers are policed. At the same time, it is wrenched out of this solidified framework, cut up and pasted into the manifesto hypertext in order to serve as a contemporary ally to an anti-Muslim and anti-multicultural cause. Keywords: Terror; Bible; Christianity; far right; Breivik; Europe. 1 Introduction On 22nd July 2011, Anders Behring Breivik dressed in a fake police uniform, drove to the Government Headquarters (the government office buildings), in Oslo (Regjeringskvartalet) and planted a bomb, which detonated shortly thereafter. He then gained entry to the island of Utøya, where the Norwegian Labour party’s youth organization [Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking (AUF)] held their annual political summer camp, and shot indiscriminately at the young people there. -
A Comparison of Responses to Political Mass Shootings in the United States and Norway
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations Sociology & Criminal Justice Summer 2016 What Can State Talk Tell Us About Punitiveness? A Comparison of Responses to Political Mass Shootings in The United States and Norway Kimberlee G. Waggoner Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/sociology_criminaljustice_etds Part of the Criminology Commons, Scandinavian Studies Commons, and the Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons Recommended Citation Waggoner, Kimberlee G.. "What Can State Talk Tell Us About Punitiveness? A Comparison of Responses to Political Mass Shootings in The United States and Norway" (2016). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dissertation, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/6e42-3262 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/sociology_criminaljustice_etds/10 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology & Criminal Justice at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHAT CAN STATE TALK TELL US ABOUT PUNITIVENESS? A COMPARISON OF RESPONSES TO POLITICAL MASS SHOOTINGS IN THE UNITED STATES AND NORWAY by Kimberlee G. Waggoner B.S. May 2009, Northern Arizona University M.S. May 2011, Northern Arizona University A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2016 Approved by: Randolph Myers (Director) Mona J.E. Danner (Member) Tim Goddard (Member) ABSTRACT WHAT CAN STATE TALK TELL US ABOUT PUNITIVENESS? A COMPARISON OF RESPONSES TO POLITICAL MASS SHOOTINGS IN THE UNITED STATES AND NORWAY Kimberlee G. -
New Multicultural Identities in Europe Religion and Ethnicity in Secular Societies CURRENT ISSUES in ISLAM
New Multicultural Identities in Europe Religion and Ethnicity in Secular Societies CURRENT ISSUES IN ISLAM Editorial board Baderin, Mashood, SOAS, University of London Fadil, Nadia, KU Leuven Goddeeris, Idesbald, KU Leuven Hashemi, Nader, University of Denver Leman, Johan, GCIS, emeritus, KU Leuven Nicaise, Ides, KU Leuven Pang, Chinglin, University of Antwerp, and KU Leuven Platti, Emilio, emeritus, KU Leuven Schallenbergh, Gino, KU Leuven Tayob, Abdulkader, University of Cape Town Stallaert, Christiane, University of Antwerp, and KU Leuven Toğuşlu, Erkan, GCIS, KU Leuven Zemni, Sami, Universiteit Gent New Multicultural Identities in Europe Religion and Ethnicity in Secular Societies Edited by Erkan Toğuşlu, Johan Leman & İsmail Mesut Sezgin Leuven University Press © 2014 by Leuven University Press / Presses Universitaires de Louvain / Universitaire Pers Leuven Minderbroedersstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium) All rights reserved. Except in those cases expressly determined by law, no part of this publication may be multiplied, saved in an automated datafi le or made public in any way whatsoever without the express prior written consent of the publishers. ISBN 978 90 5867 981 9 D / 2014 / 1869 / 1 NUR: 741/717 Layout: CO2 Premedia Cover design: Paul Verrept Table of Contents Introduction 1. Th e Manifestation of Identities in a Plural Post-Secular Europe 9 Johan Leman, Erkan Toğuşlu and İsmail Mesut Sezgin Part I: Post-Migrant Interactions/Identifi cations 2. New and Old Identity Patterns of Religious Young Muslims in Germany 35 Cüneyd Dinç 3. Connecting Home and School: on the Second generation Muslim Children’s Agency in Belgian Schools 55 Goedroen Juchtmans 4. Immigrant Identity, Social Adaptation and Post-Secular Society in Europe 73 Marcel Mečiar 5. -
Urban Planning After Terrorism
Graue Reihe des Instituts für Stadt- und Regionalplanung Technische Universität Berlin Franziska Paizs Urban Planning after Terrorism The case of Oslo with focus on the impacts of the terrorist attack on the consideration of security, memorialisation and conservation in urban planning 50 Franziska Paizs Urban Planning after Terrorism The case of Oslo with focus on the impacts of the terrorist attack on the consideration of security, memorialisation and conservation in urban planning Die Graue Reihe des Instituts für Stadt- und Regionalplanung an der Technischen Universität Berlin wird herausgegeben vom Forum Stadt- und Regionalplanung e.V. c/o Institut für Stadt- und Regionalplanung Sekretariat B7 Hardenbergstaße 40a 10623 Berlin www.isr.tu-berlin.de Graue Reihe des Instituts für Stadt- und Regionalplanung | 50 Franziska Paizs Urban Planning after Terrorism The case of Oslo with focus on the impacts of the terrorist attack on the consideration of security, memorialisation and conservation in urban planning Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de/ abrufbar. Die Beiträge der Grauen Reihe dienen der zeitnahen Publikation von Arbeiten im Internet, die aktuelle wissenschaftlich oder planungsbezogen relevante Themen angehen und sich mit unterschiedlichen Positionen in Politikbereichen der Stadt- und Regionalplanung, Stadtgeschichte und Stadtentwicklung, des Wohnungs wesens und des Planungs- und Baurechts auseinandersetzen. In dieser Reihe finden Sie u. a. Diplomarbeiten, Tagungs- und Veranstaltungsdokumentationen oder Forschungs berichte. Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin 2013 http://www.univerlag.tu-berlin.de Fasanenstraße 88 (im VOLKSWAGEN-Haus), 10623 Berlin Tel.: +49 (0)30 314 76131 / Fax: -76133 E-Mail: [email protected] Das Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. -
Rettsprosessene
Tematekst Rettsprosessene Hvordan har det norske rettsvesenet behandlet gjerningsmannen? Etter terrorangrepene 22. juli 2011 ble gjerningsmannen dømt som tilregnelig til 21 års forvaring med en minstetid på ti år. Fornærmede og etterlatte har fått voldsoffererstatning. Både straffesaken mot terroristen og erstatningssakene for å avgjøre voldsoffererstatning var utfordrende for det norske rettsvesenet, på grunn av omfanget av sakene og den voldsomme interessen fra offentligheten. Under de første avhørene av Breivik på Utøya etter pågripelsen ga han inntrykk av at det var sannsynlig med flere nært forestående angrep. I løpet av avhør på politihuset den 23. juli 2011 – etter at Geir Lippestad var oppnevnt til Breiviks forsvarer – ble det etter hvert klart at trusselen om nye angrep ikke var reell. Det var Breivik som ba om Lippestad som forsvarsadvokat. For å ivareta rettsstaten – som Breivik hadde angrepet – tok Lippestad oppdraget. Hvorvidt gjerningsmannen var psykotisk (ofte omtalt som «sinnssyk» eller «gal»), eller om han kunne dømmes som tilregnelig, var et stort og betent spørsmål helt fra arrestasjonen og frem til domfellelsen. Det kan også fortsatt ansees som betent. Det henger sammen med at så godt som alle de som er enige med Breivik når det gjelder skepsis til et flerkulturelt samfunn og innvandring, mente terroraksjonen var en gal og forkastelig måte å gi uttrykk for denne skepsisen på. Dersom Breivik var utilregnelig, kunne handlingene hans forklares som psykotiske og ikke som voldelige uttrykk for ideologiske standpunkt. Terrorhandlingenes brutalitet fikk imidlertid mange – uavhengig av ideologi – til å mene at Breivik måtte være «gal» - altså utilregnelig. Aktorene Inga Bejer Engh og Svein Holden la i tiltalen ned påstand om utilregnelighet, med støtte i den første rettspsykiatriske utredningen, men ikke i den andre. -
More Millionaires in Norway News Tax Lists Released the High-Rise Centerpiece of Norway’S Bombed-Out Govern- Oct
(Periodicals postage paid in Seattle, WA) TIME-DATED MATERIAL — DO NOT DELAY The Royal Visit In Your Neighborhood Fun at the The Royal Visit in NCHHC Fall Fair words and photos Nynner du sangen om høsten med, finner ditt hjerte fred. in Brooklyn, N.Y. Read more on pages 8 – 13 – Herman Wildenvey Read more on page 17 Norwegian American Weekly Vol. 122 No. 39 October 28, 2011 Established May 17, 1889 • Formerly Western Viking and Nordisk Tidende $1.50 per copy Norway.com News Find more at www.norway.com More millionaires in Norway News Tax lists released The high-rise centerpiece of Norway’s bombed-out govern- Oct. 21 show ment headquarters may be torn down even if it’s found to be increase in structurally sound, a govern- millionaires from ment minister has confirmed. Security issues, costs and the 2009 – 2010 concerns of those who had offices in the building will all play a role in the final deci- STAFF COMPILATION Norwegian American Weekly sion. (blog.norway.com/category/ news) With its small population and sophisticated systems, it’s easy for Business the government to have full docu- Sitting on a $550 billion oil mentation of every resident who fortune, Norway said it would lives and works in Norway. Every consider investing in a pro- year at the end of October, a list posed special purpose vehicle with the net taxable income, taxes to strengthen the euro zone paid and assets of each individual rescue fund if asked. Euro zone person from last year becomes officials have said they may public information. -
Islamic Radicalization in Norway: Preventative Actions
ISLAMIC RADICALIZATION IN NORWAY: PREVENTATIVE ACTIONS Tuva Julie Engebrethsen Smith (Research Assistant, ICT) Spring 2015 ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to analyse the process of radicalization of Muslims in Norway. The paper begins by outlining the Muslim population, demographics, mosques, organizations, as well as political participation. The paper further presents a theoretical approach to radicalization while looking at the issue of radicalization in Norway. After this section, follows some case studies of Norwegian foreign fighters in Syria and supporters of terrorist attacks in Africa. At last, the government´s response to radicalization in Norway is outlined, with a following conclusion that explains the increase of among Norway´s population. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 PART 1: DEMOGRAPHY 5 Religion and Norway 5 Education 6 Socio-economic Conditions 7 Statistics Muslim Presence Norway 9 Muslim Community in Norway 11 Native Norwegians, Media, and Opposition to Muslims 11 Political Participation 15 Mosques and Islamic Centers 17 Central Jamaat Ahle Sunnat (CJAS) 17 Tawfiiq Islamic Center (TIC) 19 Islamic Cultural Centre (ICC) 20 Idara Minhaj ul-Quran (IMQ) 21 Organizations 22 The Prophet´s Ummah 22 Islam Net 25 PART 2: RADICALIZATION IN NORWAY 27 Theoretical Approach to Radicalization 27 Causes of Radicalization 28 Social Movement Theory 29 Radicalization