The SSAFA Reading Gurkha Project – Update 2018
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Baby-Farming’ in England and Wales in the Wake of the Children Act 1908
Crimes and Misdemeanours 3/2 (2009) ISSN 1754-0445 ‘MORE IGNORANT AND STUPID THAN WILFULLY CRUEL’: HOMICIDE TRIALS AND ‘BABY-FARMING’ IN ENGLAND AND WALES IN THE WAKE OF THE CHILDREN ACT 1908 Daniel Grey1 Abstract This article examines the impact of the Children Act 1908 on longstanding concerns that foster or informally 'adoptive' parents were uniquely likely to murder the children in their care. Making particular reference to the last two high-profile cases of 'baby-farmers' tried for homicide on the Welsh and English Assize circuits (in 1907 and 1919, respectively) it argues that the infant life protection provisions in the 1908 Act had a dramatic and immediate impact on such prosecutions, removing the automatic presumption of malice in cases where fostered or adopted children died in suspicious circumstances. Keywords: baby-farming, Infant Life Protection Acts, child homicide Introduction Harry William George Roberts, son of a labourer also named Harry Roberts, was born on 19 December 1909 at the Dorset harbour town of Weymouth. His mother had died within four days of giving birth – presumably from puerperal fever, which remained a major cause of maternal mortality until the development of sulphonamide drugs in the 1930s.2 When Roberts looked for a family to care for his son, Robert Flann, a 41 year old labourer, and his 43 year old wife Annie agreed to look after him. Initially they did so free of charge, and when Roberts found work and offered to pay towards his son‟s upkeep, he was assured by Flann that the offered sum of half-a- crown was unnecessary, and „two shillings would do.‟3 None of this suggests a pecuniary motivation for taking in the little boy, and indeed, the baby‟s aunt later testified that the Flanns had always seemed very loving adoptive parents as she regularly saw Robert Flann nursing and fussing over him. -
Maryland Historical Magazine, 1960, Volume 55, Issue No. 4
MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE VOL. 55, No. 4 DECEMBER, i960 CONTENTS PAGE George Calvert: His Yorkshire Boyhood ]ames W. Foster 261 Constitutional Reform and Election Statistics in Maryland, 1790-1812 /. R. Vole 275 The Causes of the Maryland Revolution of 1689 Michael G. Kammen 293 Old Quaker Burying Ground, "West River /. Reaney Kelly 334 John Ferdinand Dalziel Smith: Loyalist Harold Hancock 346 Sidelights 359 Letter of Francis Scott Key ed. by Franklin R. Mullaly Excerpts from Two Pinkney Letter Books ed. by Dorothy Brown Reviews of Recent Books 371 Cappon, ed.. The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Corre- spondence between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams, by Charles A. Barker Labaree, ed., The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, by Curtis Carroll Davis Hall, Benjamin Franklin and Polly Baker: The History of a Literary Deception, by Ellen Hart Smith Hamilton, Braddock's Defeat: The Journal of Captain Cholmelefs Batman, ... by Milton W. Hamilton Sears, George Washington and the French Revolution, by Ellen Hart Smith Parham, ed., ATy Odyssey: Experiences of a Young Refugee from Two Revolutions ... by Frank F. White, Jr. Powers, ed., The Maryland Postal History Catalog . ., by H. Findlay French Gray et al, The Historian's Handbook: A Key to the Study and Writing of History, by Frank F. White, Jr. Ferguson and Ferguson, The Piscataway Indians of Southern Maryland, by Frederic Matthew Stiner Notes and Queries 380 Contributors 383 Annual Subscription to the Magazine, $4.00. Each issue $1.00. The Magazine assumes no responsibility for statements or opinions expressed in its pages. Richard Walsh, Editor C. A. Porter Hopkins, Asst. -
Amelia Dyer and Baby Killing Professor Joanna Bourke 14
Amelia Dyer and Baby Killing Professor Joanna Bourke 14 January 2021 This is the third of six talks on Evil Women. Eve was the original one, allegedly responsible for introducing sin into the world, resulting in the banishment of humanity from the Garden of Eden. We then turned to the much-maligned Evil Witch in the popular fairy-tale, Snow White. But today, we turn our gaze towards a very different woman who has been branded evil. Unlike Eve and the Wicked Witch, this woman was a material, flesh-and-blood presence. She is Amelia Dyer, serial killer of babies and infants. She was the most prolific mass murderer (at least on British soil) in modern British history. With the mythical Eve, I pointed to the misogyny of the Christian Church. The story of the Evil Witch in Snow White was told as a tale about fears of aging, active women. But Dyer was no myth or phantasm within a folktale. She was a real woman who, over a thirty-year period in late nineteenth century Britain, murdered around 300 infants. She has been dubbed a ‘baby butcher’ and ‘angel maker’. She was a ‘ghoul’. Until 1979, her monstrous deeds earned her a prominent place in the Chamber of Horrors section of Madame Tussauds. Journalist and ‘true crime’ biographers have branded her as ‘one of Victorian Britain’s most evil murderers’, ‘fiendish’, ‘diabolical’, one of the ‘terrible monsters’ of Victorian Britain, and a ‘mother super devil’ who ‘slithered her way… to baby farming’. As late as 2019, one popular author even adopted a physiognomic approach, claiming that Dyer’s ‘malevolence’ could be seen in ‘her fearsome features’, which ‘reflected the horrific crime with which she was charged’. -
About the Property >> Summary | Heritage | Location | Transport | the Property | the Opportunity | Planning | Method of Sale | Contact
EXCEPTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY www.cavershampark.co.uk Summary | Heritage | Location | Transport | The property | The opportunity | Planning | Method of sale | Contact Summary • Grade II listed manor house with stunning views across the Thames Valley • c115,000 sq ft (GIA) including ancillary buildings • Set in c93 acres of formal gardens and parkland • Less than 0.5 miles (5 min walk) to a wide range of local amenity, including supermarket, shops, restaurants and pubs • 2 miles from central Reading • Suitable for conversion to residential or a range of alternative uses (stpp) • Potential for new development within grounds (stpp) • For sale freehold with vacant possession Summary | Heritage | Location | Transport | The property | The opportunity | Planning | Method of sale | Contact Heritage EARLY PERIOD AND 18TH CENTURY 19TH – 20TH CENTURY BBC ACQUISITION MIDDLE AGES A £130,000 building programme was started The house burnt to the ground in 1850 and A fire caused serious damage to the roof in The site was established by the Anglo- in the early 18th century following the William was later re-built in a classical style around 1926 and following ongoing financial struggles, Saxons, who built the first manor house Cadogan’s purchase of the site. It was during an iron frame, designed by architect Horace and the outbreak of WWII, Caversham Park near Caversham Bridge. Following three this period Caversahm Park was arguably at Jones. This version of the manor house is what was sold to the BBC in 1941, when it became generations of Norman control, the site came its height with formal gardens, deer park and survives today (to varying degrees). -
Geer Genealogy
THE GEER GENEALOGY A HISTORIC1\L RECORD OF GEORGE AND THOMAS GEER AND THEIR DESCENDANTS · IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1623 TO 1923 BY WALTER GEER ILLUS'I'RA'I'ED NEW YORK •• BRENCfA.NO'S COPYRIGHT 1923, BY WALTER GEER All rights resmetl THE PLIMPTON PRESS NOi!. WOOD•MASS•ll'•S•A Jn £!1!}emotiam EVEREI I SELDEN GEER 23 FEBRUARY 1850-24 OCTOBER :i:917 FOREWORD N PRESENTING a revised and enlarged edition of the Geer Genealogy, it may be of interest to place on I record some facts in relation to the two works already published, and also tell the story of one which never appeared. In 1856, James Geer, of Ledyard, Connecticut, pub lished a little book of eighty-four pages, entitled His torical Sketch and Genealogy of George and Thomas Geer from r62r to r856. James Geer was then seventy-two years of age. He was a descendant in the fifth generation of George Geer, through his fourth son, Robert. His family had always lived on the homestead of George Geer, which is also still the home of his own descendants. As much of the material contained in the First Part of this volume is taken ~rom the Genealogy published by James Geer, we quote here a part of his Introduction in which he states the origin of his work: " Living as the writer does upon the homestead of George Geer, and having in his possession many of th~ original papers belonging to him and his children, it very naturally prompted frequent inquiries respecting the pa:.'t history of the Geer Family on the part of those de scendants who visited the spot once trodden by our honored and revered sire. -
Baby Farming
Baby farming Baby farming refers to the practice of accepting custody 2 Decline of an infant or child in exchange for payment in late- Victorian Era Britain and, less commonly, in Australia Spurred by a series of articles that appeared in the British and the United States. If the infant was young, this usu- Medical Journal in 1867, Parliament of the United King- ally included wet-nursing (breast-feeding by a woman not dom began to regulate baby farming in 1872 with the pas- the mother). Some baby farmers “adopted” children for sage of the Infant Life Protection Act. A series of acts lump-sum payments, while others cared for infants for passed over the next seventy years, including the Children periodic payments. Act 1908 and the 1939 Adoption of Children (Regula- tion) Act, gradually placed adoption and foster care under the protection and regulation of the state. 3 Related usage 1 Description The term has been used to describe the sale of eggs for use in assisted conception, particularly in vitro fertilization. Though baby farmers were paid in the understanding that The Nazis’ Lebensborn (“Fountain of Life”) programme [2] care would be provided, the term “baby farmer” was used has been described as a form of baby farming. as an insult, and improper treatment was usually implied. Illegitimacy and its attendant social stigma were usually the impetus for a mother’s decision to put her children 4 In popular culture “out to nurse” with a baby farmer, but baby farming also encompassed foster care and adoption in the period be- • The title character in Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist fore they were regulated by British law. -
Caversham (August 2019) • © VCH Oxfordshire • Social Hist
VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Caversham (August 2019) • © VCH Oxfordshire • Social Hist. • p. 1 VCH Oxfordshire Texts in Progress Caversham Social History Social Character and Communal Life Caversham’s population was long split between the main settlements of Caversham and Lower Caversham in the south (which had ready access to the trading and social opportunities offered by neighbouring Reading), and the small scattered hamlets and farmsteads of the parish’s central and northern parts. Manor houses in the south-east (latterly in Caversham Park) were intermittently occupied by high-status resident lords from the Middle Ages onwards, but landownership became increasingly divided, and by the 18th century the riverside settlements were relatively ‘open’, with strong outside links and (by the 19th century) marked religious Nonconformity. Major residential development in the late 19th and early 20th century turned Caversham, Lower Caversham and (later) Emmer Green into suburbs of Reading both socially and administratively, while the northern upland areas remained rural. The Middle Ages During the Middle Ages Caversham manor was held by a succession of leading aristocrats of mainly comital rank and above, including the earls of Pembroke and Warwick. William Marshal (1146/7--1219), regent of England from 1216, chose Caversham as one of his main residences, and his generous endowment of the shrine and chapel there may have been part of a larger investment in the manor house, which stood close to the Thames.1 William kept a huntsman at Caversham,2 and either maintained or created the deer park, which was stocked with ten does in 1223.3 Free warren (the right to small game) was enjoyed as ‘of old’.4 Later lords maintained the house, which saw sporadic royal visits from Henry III,5 Edward I,6 and Edward II.7 Caversham was one of Margaret de Lacy’s regular residences 1 Above, landownership; for chapel, below, relig. -
Cruising Guide for the River Thames
Cruising Guide to The River Thames and Connecting Waterways 2012-2013 Supported by Introduction and Contents As Chairman of BMF Thames Valley, I am immensely Introduction 3 proud to introduce the 2012/13 Cruising Guide to The River Thames Management 4-5 the River Thames and its connecting waterways. The Non-tidal River Thames 7-13 Cruising Guide has been jointly produced with the Environment Agency and is supported by the Port Bridge Heights - Non-tidal River Thames 14 of London Authority - it provides all the relevant St John’s Lock - Shifford Lock 15 information anyone would need whilst boating on Shifford Lock - Sandford Lock 16-17 The River Thames and its connecting waterways. Sandford Lock - Benson Lock 18-19 BMF Thames Valley is a Regional Association of the Cleeve Lock - Sonning Lock 20-21 British Marine Federation, the National trade association for the leisure boating industry. BMF Thames Valley Sonning Lock - Boulter’s Locks 22-23 represents around 200 businesses that all share a Boulter’s Lock - Old Windsor Lock 24-25 passion for our inland waterways. 2012 is going to be Bell Weir Lock - Shepperton Lock 26-27 an exciting year on the River Thames with the London Shepperton Lock - Teddington Lock 28-29 2012 Olympics and the Diamond Jubilee celebrations. What’s new for 2012! The Tidal Thames 30 • New map design Tidal Thames Cruising Times 31 • Complete map of navigable River Thames from Lechlade Teddington Lock - Vauxhall Bridge 32-33 to the Thames Barrier • Information on the non-tidal Thames - Environment Agency Lambeth Bridge -
Prospectus Supplement.Indd 2 13/11/2013 21:43 TH FORM6 TABLE 1 AVERAGE POINTS ACHIEVED by YEAR GROUP 13 AFTER 2 YEARS STUDY
PROSPECTUS TH SUPPLEMENT FORM THE BISHOP’S STORTFORD HIGH SCHOOL 6th form prospectus6 supplement.indd 1 13/11/2013 21:43 TH FORM6 TBSHS A-LEVEL RESULTS 2013 Students at The Bishop’s Stortford High School have smashed However the highest scores of all were achieved by Adam all records with their results in this year’s A Level exams. Wiles who swept the board with 4 A* Grades at A Level and Yet again the pass rate was 100%, with nearly one-third of a similar result in his Extended Project to read Computing at all passes coming at Grades A* or A and 63% of them at Imperial College, London. Grade B or above. Both of these figures represent the highest ever reached at The School. Consequently no fewer than 47 In addition to the students mentioned, Tom Barker, Ed Grant, students, including nearly 40% of female applicants, have won Rachel Hogan, Tugrul Irmak, Tom Kitchen, Craig Murray, Rob places at prestigious Russell Group universities. Muscroft, Toby Newman, Will Readshaw, John Reynolds, Alex Robertson, Ben Ruffles, Keyan Shah, Jack Stevens, Callum Individual successes included Tse, James Twamley and Luke Williams each gained at least 3 A Level passes at Grades A or A*. Katherine Cowles, whose 4A*s and 1 A earned her a place at St Edmund Hall, Oxford to read English and French Acting Head Teacher Paul Noble said, “I am truly delighted with these outstanding results. Supported by their parents Annie Loveday achieved 3 A*s and 2 As and will be studying and their extremely dedicated, inspirational teachers, our History at St. -
The Birth Mother and the Evolution of Adoption Policy and Practice in England Since 1926 by Dr Jatinder Sandhu
The birth mother and the evolution of adoption policy and practice in England since 1926 by Dr Jatinder Sandhu A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Nottingham Trent University for the Degree of PhD This research programme was carried out in collaboration with Family Care Adoption Agency, Nottingham. October 2012 Queries regarding this work should be directed to: [email protected] Abstract This PhD is an empirical investigation of how the evolution of adoption agency policy and practice in the twentieth century has impacted upon birth mothers’ motives for relinquishment, and their experiences of adoption. It examines how birth mothers have reached decisions about the adoption of their children, their role in the adoption process and how these answers have varied historically. Further, it attempts to understand the relationship between birth mothers’ experiences and wider moral, social and policy environments and how adoption agencies have mediated that relationship. Attitudes towards initiating and maintaining contact are also examined. Understanding changes in birth mothers’ options, motives and experiences of adoption have important implications for the adoption support services offered by adoption agencies. This thesis used a mixed methods approach, combining documentary analysis, with interviews and focus groups. This PhD draws upon archival materials collated from adoption case files, adoption panel meeting minutes (APMM), annual reports and other official documentation. It also utilizes evidence collated interviews carried out with six former Family Care personnel and professionals from six other adoption agencies, along with two focus groups carried out with the seven members of Family Care’s current adoption team. -
Caversham Heritage Map a Guide to Historic Sites in and Around Caversham
CAVERSHAM HERITAGE MAP A guide to historic sites in and around Caversham Detail from View of Caversham through the Abbey gateway, 1791. On the left is St Peter’s Church, the old bridge and a group of houses and boat builders’ workshops. Lower Caversham, which was known as East Thorpe, is over to the right. Copyright © CADRA 2012 The early history bridge at Caversham comes soon after Growth from 1850 of Caversham William’s death. Around the same time Caversham Park was laid out and fenced The coming of the railways brought rapid Archaeological finds show human activity as a hunting park, including the land now economic growth to Reading and to the in Caversham from Palaeolithic through to occupied by the BBC site and Caversham Oxfordshire village of Caversham. As Roman times. Gravel excavations at Dean’s Park Village. employment opportunities grew, housing Farm uncovered what may have been an Wartime conflicts continued when the was built close to the village centre for early Christian baptismal font. Manor passed to the Earl of Warwick – workers and on the heights for the more ‘the King Maker’ – who was killed in the affluent. Along with the housing came Wars of the Roses. He was to be the last traders, schools, churches and a new Lord of the Manor to reside at the house cemetery. The boatyards on the Thames 4 The iron bridge which opened in 1869, c. 1900 by the river. switched from building working boats to leisure craft as boating and swimming well as a replacement for the iron bridge – became more popular. -
Illegitimacy in English Law and Society, 1860–1930
Illegitimacy in English law and society, 1860–1930 Illegitimacy in English law and society, 1860–1930 Ginger S. Frost Manchester University Press Copyright © Ginger S. Frost 2016 The right of Ginger S. Frost to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by Manchester University Press Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 978 1 7849 9260 6 hardback First published 2016 The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guara ntee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Typeset by Out of House Publishing Contents Acknowledgements vi Introduction 1 1 ‘Strangers in the blood’: custody, inheritance, and taxation 14 2 ‘The workhouse or death’: maternal crimes and illegitimacy 49 3 Part of the family? Non-maternal carers in the criminal courts 79 4 Courts of last resort: affiliation and the poor law 109 5 Simple acts of justice: illegitimacy and law reform 146 6 Love and loss: family and illegitimacy 179 7 ‘Passed from hand to hand’: child circulation 204 8 ‘Bad blood’? Social discrimination 238 Conclusion 266 Bibliography 276 Index 292 Acknowledgements All books are collaborative efforts to one extent or another. I have accrued many debts in writing this book, financially and intel- lectually.