IJCAI-99 CONFERENCE PROGRAM
Welcome to
Detroit, Michigan, USA (1989) IJCAI-99, the Sixteenth International Sydney, Australia (1991) Joint Conference on Artificial Chambery, Savoie, France (1993) Intelligence, is sponsored by the Inter- Montreal, Quebec, Canada (1995) national Joint Conferences on Artificial Nagoya, Japan (1997) Intelligence, Inc. (IJCAII), and the Scan- The 2001 conference is scheduled for IJCAI-99 ADVISORY COMMITTEE dinavian AI societies: Danish AI Society Seattle, Washington, USA, August 3-10. (DAIS), Finnish AI Society (FAIS), Chair Norwegian AI Society (NAIS), and the Luigia Carlucci Aiello, Università di Roma Swedish AI Society (SAIS). To organize IJCAI-99 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE “La Sapienza” (Italy) IJCAI-99 a Nordic IJCAI Scientific Maria Gini, University of Minnesota (USA) Conference Chair Advisory Committee (NISAC) has been Hiroaki Kitano, Sony Computer Science established. Luigia Carlucci Aiello, Università di Roma ”La Laboratory (Japan) Sapienza” (Italy) Teuvo Kohonen, Helsinki University of Technology IJCAII sponsors biennial conferences on Program Chair (Finland) artificial intelligence, which are the main Thomas Dean, Brown University (USA) Jean Claude Latombe, Stanford University (USA) forums for presenting AI-research results Secretary-Treasurer Nada Lavrac, J. Stefan Institute (Slovenia) to the international AI community. Ronald J. Brachman, AT&T Labs - Research Juzar Motiwalla, Kent Ridge Digital Labs Previous conference sites were (USA) (Singapore) Washington, D.C., USA (1969) Bernd Neumann, Universitaet Hamburg Conference Arrangements Chair (Germany) London, England (1971) Anita Kollerbaur, Stockholm University and Royal Stanford, California, USA (1973) Karen Sparck Jones, FBA, University of Cam- Institute of Technology (Sweden) bridge (England) Tbilisi, Georgia, USSR (1975) Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (1977) Local Arrangements Chair Pietro Torasso, University of Turin (Italy) Tokyo, Japan (1979) Carl Gustaf Jansson, Stockholm University and J.R. Quinlan, RuleQuest Research Pty Ltd and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (1981) Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) University of New South Wales (Australia) Karlsruhe, Germany (1983) Nordic IJCAI Scientific Advisory Tibor Vámos, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Los Angeles, California, USA (1985) Committee Chair (Hungary) Milan, Italy (1987) Erik Sandewall, Linköping University (Sweden) David Waltz, NEC Research Institute (USA)
IJCAI-99 PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Program Chair Radu Horaud, CNRS and INRIA Rhone-Alpes Marco Schaerf, University of Rome ”La Sapienza” Thomas Dean, Brown University (USA) (France) (Italy) Liliana Ironi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Noel Sharkey, University of Sheffield (UK) Agnar Aamodt, Norwegian University of Science (CNR, Italy) Sam Steel, University of Essex (UK) and Technology (NTNU, Norway) Finn V. Jensen, Aalborg University (Denmark) Kilian Stoffel, University of Neuchatel Susanne Biundo, University of Ulm (Germany) Peter Jonsson, Linköping University (Sweden) (Switzerland) Joost Breuker, University of Amsterdam Hiroaki Kitano, Sony Computer Science Peter Struss, Technical University of Munich (Netherlands) Laboratory (Japan) and OCC’M Software (Germany) Joachim M. Buhmann, University of Bonn Daphne Koller, Stanford University (USA) Moshe Tennenholtz, Technion (Israel) (Germany) Sarit Kraus, Bar-Ilan University (Israel) and Volker Tresp, Siemens AG (Germany) Eugene Charniak, Brown University (USA) University of Maryland (USA) Toby Walsh, University of Strathclyde (UK) Henrik Christensen, Royal Institute of Technology David Leake, Indiana University (USA) (Sweden) David McAllester, AT&T, Labs - Research (USA) Rina Dechter, University of California/Irvine (USA) Tutorial Chair Robert Milne, Intelligent Applications (UK) Pedro Domingos, Instituto Superior Tecnico Boi Faltings, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de (Portugal) Andrew Moore, Carnegie Mellon University (USA) Lausanne (EPFL, Switzerland) Boi Faltings, Ecole Polytechnique Federale Leora Morgenstern, IBM (USA) Workshop Chair de Lausanne (EPFL, Switzerland) Maria Teresa Pazienza, University of Rome ”Tor Sebastian Thrun, Carnegie Mellon University Ian Frank, Electrotechnical Laboratory (Japan) Vergata” (Italy) (USA) Dan Geiger, Technion (Israel) and Microsoft Henri Prade, Institute Recherche en Informatique Research (USA) de Toulouse (IRIT, France) Additional Volunteer help Malik Ghallab, LAAS-CNRS (Centre National Daniela Rus, Dartmouth College (USA) to Program Committee de la Recherche Scientifique) (France) Claude Sammut, University of New South Wales Kee-Eung Kim, Brown University (USA) Randy Goebel, University of Alberta (Canada) (Australia) Vibhu O. Mittal, Just Research & Carnegie Mellon University (USA)
3 CONFERENCE PROGRAM IJCAI-99
LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE IJCAII ORGANIZATION NISAC (NORDIC IJCAI SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE) Chair Trustees Carl Gustaf Jansson, Stockholm University and Michael P. Georgeff (President), Australian Chair Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) Artificial Intelligence Institute (Australia) Erik Sandewall, Linköping University (Sweden) Luigia Carlucci Aiello, Università di Roma Vice Chair and Conference Arrangements Chair ”La Sapienza” (Italy) Anita Kollerbaur, Stockholm University and Royal Agnar Aamodt, NTNU, Trondheim (Norway) Hector Levesque, University of Toronto (Canada) Institute of Technology (Sweden) Niels Ole Bernsen, Odense University (Denmark) C. Raymond Perrault, SRI International (USA) Henrik Christensen, Royal Institute of Technology, Subcommittee Chairs Wolfgang Wahlster, German Research Center Stockholm (Sweden) Tord Dahl, Financial Chair, Stockholm University for AI (Germany) Patrick Doherty, Linköping University (Sweden) and Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) Thomas Dean, Brown University (USA) Patrik Eklund, University of Umeå (Sweden) Lars Mollberg, Fund-Raising Chair, Ericsson Bernhard Nebel, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Telecom (Sweden) Joergen Fischer Nilsson, Technical University of Freiburg (Germany) Denmark (Denmark) Kersti Hedman, Exhibition Chair, SITI (Sweden) Peter Gärdenfors, University of Lund (Sweden) Henrik Eriksson, Affiliate Events Chair, Linköping Secretariat University (Sweden) Lars Kai Hansen, Denmark´s Technical University Ronald J. Brachman (Secretary-Treasurer), AT&T (Denmark) Labs - Research (USA) Liasions Officers & Representatives for Timo Honkela, Helsinki University of Technology AI Societies Priscilla Rasmussen, Academic and Research (Finland) Erik Sandewall, NISAC Liaison, Linköping Conference Services (USA) Sture Hägglund, Linköping University (Sweden) University (Sweden) Peter Johansen, University of Copenhagen Silvia Coradeschi, RoboCup Liaison, Linköping Former Trustees (Denmark) University (Sweden) Barbara J. Grosz, Harvard University (USA) Christen Krogh, University of Oslo (Norway) Agnar Aamodt, NAIS, Norwegian University of Wolfgang Bibel, Technische Hochschule Science and Technology (Norway) Darmstadt (Germany) Jan Komorowski, The Norwegian Institute of Technology (Norway) Patrick Doherty, SAIS, Linköping University Alan Bundy, University of Edinburgh (Scotland) (Sweden) Bente Maegaard, University of Copenhagen Alan Mackworth, University of British Columbia (Denmark) Timo Honkela, FAIS, Helsinki University of (Canada) Technology (Finland) Brian Mayoh, Aarhus University (Denmark) Saul Amarel, Rutgers University (USA) Brian Mayoh, DAIS, Aarhus University (Denmark) Ilkka Niemelä, Helsinki University of Technology Patrick J. Hayes, University of West Florida (USA) (Finland) Other Members Raj Reddy, Carnegie Mellon University (USA) John Perram, University of Odense (Denmark) Sture Hägglund, Linköping University (Sweden) Erik Sandewall, Linköping University (Sweden) Anna Sågvall-Hein, Uppsala University (Sweden) Rune Gustavsson, University College of Alistair D.C. Holden (retired), University of Carlskrona/Ronneby (Sweden) Annika Waern, Swedish Institute of Computer Washington (USA) Science (SICS)/ SITI (Sweden) Åsa Rudström, Stockholm University and Royal Max B. Clowes (deceased), formerly University Institute of Technology (Sweden) Karl Johan Åström, Lunds Institute of of Sussex (UK) Technology (Sweden) Diana Sidarkeviciute, Royal Institute of Donald E. Walker (deceased), formerly Bellcore Technology (Sweden) (USA) Enn Tyugu, Royal Institute of Technology Woodrow W. Bledsoe (deceased), formerly (Sweden) University of Texas (USA) Peter Wahlgren, Stockholm University (Sweden)
CITY ON WATER The noblest part of Stockholm is built on a few small islands. The picture shows Stockholm’s old town facing Lake Mälaren. Below is a glimpse of the roof of the ASPLUND JAN
Royal Palace with its flag. Towards the right you can see the towers of the : church “Storkyrkan” and “Riddarholm’s church” furthest to the right. O PHOT
4 IJCAI-99 CONFERENCE PROGRAM
IJCAI-99 Awards
The winner of the 1999 IJCAI Award Professor Jennings is recognized for his The IJCAI Award for Research for Research Excellence is Judea Pearl, contributions to practical agent architec- Excellence and the Computers and Professor at the Computer Science Depart- tures and his applied work in the field of Thought Award are made by the IJCAII ment of the University of California Los multi-agent systems. He will deliver a lec- Board of Trustees, upon recommenda- Angeles, USA. Professor Pearl is recognized ture entitled Agent-Based Computing: tion by the IJCAI Awards Selection for his fundamental work on heuristic Promise and Perils in the evening of Committee, which consists this year of search, reasoning under uncertainty, and August 3, 1999. Daniel Bobrow (Palo Alto, USA) causality. He will deliver a lecture entitled C. Raymond Perrault (Palo Alto, USA) Reasoning with Cause and Effect in the THE DONALD E. WALKER Ross Quinlan (Sydney, Australia) evening of August 5, 1999. Erik Sandewall (Linköping, Sweden) DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD Wolfgang Wahlster (Saarbruecken, Germany, IJCAI COMPUTERS AND Chair) The IJCAI Distinguished Service Award THOUGHT AWARD was established in 1979 by the IJCAII Trustees to honor senior scientists in AI for The IJCAI Awards Selection Committee The Computers and Thought Award is contributions and service to the field dur- receives advice from members of the IJCAI presented at IJCAI conferences to out- ing their careers. Previous recipients have Awards Review Committee, who comment standing young scientists in artificial been Bernard Meltzer (1979), Arthur on the accuracy of the nomination mate- intelligence. The award was established Samuel (1983), Donald Walker (1989), rial and provide additional information with royalties received from the book Woodrow Bledsow (1991) and Daniel G. about the nominees. The IJCAI Awards “Computers and Thought”, edited by Bobrow (1993). Review Committee is the union of the Edward Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman; In 1994, the IJCAI Distinguished Ser- former Trustees of IJCAII, the IJCAI-99 it is currently supported by income from vice Award was renamed the Donald E. Advisory Committee, the Program Chairs IJCAII funds. Walker Distinguished Service Award in of the last three IJCAI conferences, and Past recipients of this honor have been memory of the late Donald E. Walker, the past recipients of the IJCAI Award for Terry Winograd (1971), Patrick Winston who shaped the IJCAII organization as a Research Excellence and the IJCAI Distin- (1973), Chuck Rieger (1975), Douglas Secretary-Treasurer. guished Service Award, with nominees Lenat (1977), David Marr (1979), Gerald At IJCAI-99, the Donald E. Walker excluded. Sussman (1981), Tom Mitchell (1983), Distinguished Service Award will be given Hector Levesque (1985), Johan de Kleer to Wolfgang Bibel, Professor for Intel- IJCAI AWARD FOR RESEARCH (1987), Henry Kautz (1989), Rodney lectics at the Department of Computer EXCELLENCE Brooks (1991), Martha Pollack (1991), Science of the Darmstadt Institute of Hiroaki Kitano (1993), Sarit Kraus (1995), Technology in Germany. As a pioneering The IJCAI Award for Research Excellence Stuart Russell (1995), and Leslie Kaelbling researcher in automated deduction, is given at the IJCAI conference to a sci- (1997). Professor Bibel is recognized entist who has carried out a program of The winner of the 1999 IJCAI Comput- for his outstanding contribu- research of consistently high quality, yield- ers and Thought Award is Nicholas R. tions and service to the inter- ing several substantial results. Past reci- Jennings, Professor at the Department national AI community pients of this award are John McCarthy of Electronic Engineering of the Queen including his creation of (1985), Allen Newell (1989), Marvin Mary & Westfield College, University of ECCAI, which has operated Minsky (1991), Raymond Reiter (1993), London, UK. since 1982 as an umbrella Herbert Simon (1995), and Aravind Joshi organization of 27 European (1997). societies for Artificial Intelligence. For more information about the winners please refer to the following homepages: Professor Wolfgang Bibel http://kirmes.inferenzsysteme.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/~bibel/ Professor Nick Jennings http://web.elec.qmw.ac.uk/staff/nrj.htm Professor Judea Pearl http://singapore.cs.ucla.edu/jp_home.html
5 CONFERENCE PROGRAM IJCAI-99
IJCAI -99 Support Programs
• whether any other sources of support IJCAII is pleased to announce the continu- THE CONFERENCE FEE WAIVING ation of its Travel Awards Program for are available to the applicant and PROGRAM students, junior scientists and scientists whether the local AI Society has been from Eastern Europe and other countries approached for support Limited funds are available to cover the with unstable currency interested in • a letter of support (for students only) conference participation fee of participants attending IJCAI-99. ECCAI will also pro- from the applicant’s advisor. from Eastern Europe as well as from vide travel funds for young members of an A post-conference report and receipts developing countries. ECCAI Member Society. The Conference totaling the award amount will be In order to apply, submit a letter of Fee Waiving Program will help some of required after the conference in order to application and a short CV electronically the participants from Eastern Europe and receive the award. or by post to: developing countries. Additionally, the In the event that travel award applica- Student Volunteer Program continues to Diana Molero tions exceed available funds, preference provide limited support to those students Electrum 204 will be given to students who have an willing to help make IJCAI-99 a success. KTH/Teleinformatik accepted technical paper, and then to stu- 164 40 Kista dents who are actively participating in the Sweden IJCAII TRAVEL AWARD PROGRAM conference in some way or those having e-mail: [email protected] unstable currency problems. Travel awards are available for students The deadline for applying is April 1, 1999. and junior researchers through IJCAII and ECCAI TRAVEL AWARD PROGRAM other national societies. Due to limited STUDENT VOLUNTEER PROGRAM availability of IJCAII Travel Award Pro- The European Coordinating Committee gram funds, it is highly recommended that Students not requiring travel assistance for Artificial Intelligence (ECCAI) has a applicants, especially students, approach should apply only for the Student Volun- small number of Travel Grants with a their local AI Society first for possible teer Program, which provides complimen- value of 400 Euros each, available for support. For information regarding the tary registration, including conference pro- young members of an ECCAI member IJCAI-99 Travel Award Program, please ceedings, to full time students in exchange society. Priority will be given to authors of contact: for assisting IJCAI-99 organizers in papers accepted for the technical program Sweden. IJCAI-99 over papers for workshops. Recipients This program does not provide travel c/o Priscilla Rasmussen should play an active role in IJCAI-99 as a award funds, and is designed for local 75 Paterson Street, Suite 9 presenter, chair, panelist, etc. In exchange students or students who have other New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA for support, a report for publication will sources for travel funds. The deadline for Phone: +1-732-342-9100 be required. Deadline for applications is Fax: +1-732-342-9339 volunteer applications is May 10, 1999. May 4, 1999. E-mail: [email protected] For further information regarding the For full details and the application pro- Student Volunteer Program, please refer to The original and three copies of a letter of cedure, see the ECCAI web site at the IJCAI-99 Web pages or contact the request should be submitted to Priscilla http://www.eccai.org, or e-mail. Student Volunteer Coordinator: Rasmussen no later than May 1, 1999. This application should state: Dr. Robert Milne Åsa Rudström ECCAI Travel Grants Officer SICS • the status of the applicant (student, Intelligent Applications P.O. Box 12 63 junior faculty, etc.) 1 Michaelson Square SE-164 29 Kista • type of planned participation in the Livingston, W. Lothian Sweden IJCAI-99 program (accepted technical Scotland, UK E-mail: [email protected] session or workshop paper, etc.) Tel: +44 1506 47 20 47 Fax: +44 1506 47 22 82 • an estimate of attendance costs Email: [email protected] STOCKHOLM’S MANY BRIDGES Several bridges connect the islands and areas of land which comprise the city of Stockholm. One of the longest is ”Västerbron” (West Bridge) which is an important link between the northern and southern central parts of town. PHOTO: JAN ASPLUND IJCAI-99 CONFERENCE PROGRAM
Conference Program Description
IJCAI-99 OFFICIAL OPENING CEREMONY AND RECEPTION IJCAI-99 is composed of various complementary programs • the Technical Program, including The Opening Ceremony will start at 5 pm ago, ending at the Vaxholm Fortress. technical paper presentations by top August 2, and be held at City Conference Upon arrival you will be served a tradi- scientists in the field and invited Centre followed by a Reception in the tional Nordic dinner in ancient, historic speakers City Hall of Stockholm. surroundings. The boats will then take The Opening Ceremony will be chaired you back to Stockholm starting at around • the Tutorial Program (20 tutorials) by Luigia Carlucci Aiello, the Conference 10 pm. • the Workshop Program Chair of IJCAI-99. The Reception will be Informal dress is recommended. Please (30 workshops) hosted by the City of Stockholm. register early, as space is limited. • the Exhibition (3 days) Please mark on the registration form if RoboCup-99 will be held from you intend to participate in the Reception. DETAILED CONFERENCE PROGRAM July 27 to August 6 at the same venue Conference Dinner as IJCAI-99. For the latest information about the Additional affiliated conferences and The Dinner will be at Vaxholm Fortress Conference, please see: workshops are described on page 23. on August 4 to a cost of 600 SEK http://www.ijcai.org/ijcai-99 including VAT. Boats will take you from the City’s center at 6 pm for a one-hour There you can also find details about cruise through the Stockholm Archipel- technical sessions, latest May 1999.
CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE
MORNING AFTERNOON EVENING Morning sessions 8.30 am – 12.30 pm, Friday, July 30 Registration Afternoon sessions RoboCup 2 – 6 pm, except for August 2 when Saturday, July 31 Registration sessions start at 8 am. Workshops RoboCup
Sunday, August 1 Registration Workshops Tutorials RoboCup
Monday, August 2 Registration Workshops Opening Ceremony, Reception Tutorials
Tuesday, August 3 Registration Computers and Thought Technical Sessions Lecture RoboCup Semifinals Exhibition
Wednesday, August 4 Registration Technical Sessions Dinner RoboCup Finals Exhibition
Thursday, August 5 Registration Business Meeting Technical Sessions Research Excellence Lecture 12.30 – 2 pm, open Exhibition to all attendees.
Friday, August 6 Registration Technical Session
7 INVITED SPEAKERS IJCAI-99
Invited Speakers
Minoru Asada, Osaka University and Stig B. Hagström, Stanford University John Hooker, Carnegie Mellon University Henrik I. Christensen, The Royal Institute of From Teaching to Learning: The Role of Unifying Optimization and Constraint Technology in Stockholm and Centre for AI in an Educational Paradigm Shift Satisfaction Autonomous Systems Robotics in the Home, Office, and Playing Field Simultaneously with the information The optimization methods of operations “explosion” in the last few decades there research and the constraint satisfaction has been a corresponding “explosion” in methods of artificial intelligence have a Robots are moving into our everyday life higher education in most countries. This unifying theme: both fields exploit the fun- for tasks like entertainment, cleaning, and growth in number of students has essen- damental and related dualities of search delivery. To arrive at such systems, a num- tially followed an “extrapolation” of vs. inference and strengthening vs. relax- ber of key scientific questions must be traditional teaching modes. ation. This allows the two fields to be seen answered and technological breakthroughs There have, however, been a number of as special cases of a more general app- must be accomplished. The areas of ser- attempts to apply modern electronic tools roach and suggests new methods that fit vice robotics and the RoboCup each to promote a change described as “from into neither OR nor AI. define common tasks that allow evalua- teaching to learning”. tion of systems promoting integration of In a joint effort Stanford University and robotics and AI. In this talk the applica- selected Swedish universities are promot- tion domains are introduced, recent results Radu Horaud, CNRS and INRIA Rhone-Alpes ing a shift towards learning through are reviewed, and issues for future genera- Non-Metric Dynamic Vision: A Paradigm Learning Laboratories. The talk will illus- tions are outlined. for Representing Motion in Perception trate some basic ideas and concepts behind Space this collaboration and the Learning Labo- ratories. Luca Console, Universitá di Torino The representation of motion is of central and Oskar Dressler, Technical University importance in many artificial intelligence- of Munich related fields such as robotics, computer Model-based Diagnosis in the Real World: David Heckerman, Microsoft Research graphics, virtual reality, neurophysiology, Lessons learned and Challenges remaining Learning Bayesian Networks and so forth. A crucial and not yet com- pletely understood issue is, however, the Model-based diagnosis techniques have For two decades, Bayesian networks con- measurement of motion. Computer vision started to enter industrial applications and structed by experts have been used in has proposed a paradigm called “dynamic commercial tools. We focus on pointing intelligent systems with a fair amount of vision”. Within this paradigm, the vast out the reasons behind these successes, in success. More recently, researchers have majority of solutions consider a single terms of both technical solutions and developed techniques for constructing camera. In this talk we advocate that a industrial needs. The lessons learned and Bayesian networks (both parameters and pair of uncalibrated cameras should be open problems hampering wider applica- structure) from a combination of expert preferred. tion suggest future theoretical and practi- knowledge and data. These techniques can The motion measurement and represen- cal research. significantly reduce the cost of building tation issued from such a camera pair are an intelligent system and can be used to more tractable from a mathematical point identify causal relationships from non- of view and can be used in a wider range Neil Gershenfeld, Physics and Media Group experimental data – an important break- of applications, such as visual guidance of at the MIT Media Lab robots and vehicles, visual surveillance, Natural Intelligence through for science. I will describe some of these techniques, concentrating on and virtualized reality. methods borrowed from Bayesian statis- While the study of machine intelligence tics, and discuss real-world applications. has focused on the programming of general-purpose computers, digital logic The picture shows the main entrance represents a small subset of the latent to KTH, Royal Institute of Technology. KTH was founded in 1827 and is the capability of natural systems to manipu- largest of Sweden’s six universities of late information. I present some of the technology. Since 1917 KTH has been remarkable computational tasks that can housed centrally in Stockholm in be performed by the evolution of simple beautiful buildings. Today these classical and quantum systems, and con- buildings have monument status. KTH has 11,000 undergraduate sider the implications for inference and students, and a staff of 2,900 people. interfaces of bringing rich sensory infor- mation into more conventional computing environments.
8 IJCAI-99 INVITED SPEAKERS
Lydia Kavraki, Rice University Donia Scott, University of Brighton Moshe Tennenholtz, the Technion Israel Computational Approaches to Drug Design The Multilingual Generation Game: Institute of Technology Authoring Fluent Texts in Unfamiliar Realizing Electronic Commerce: Languages From Economic and Game-Theoretic The rational approach to pharmaceutical Models to Working Protocols drug design begins with an investigation of the relationship between chemical struc- This talk presents Multilingual Natural Mechanism design is the branch of eco- ture and biological activity. Information Language Generation (M-NLG), which is nomics and game theory that deals with gained from this analysis is used to aid the proving successful in its attempts to the design of economic settings and proto- design of new or improved drugs. Compu- achieve the same goals as machine transla- cols. In this talk we review some of the tational chemists involved in rational drug tion (the more familiar alternative technol- mechanism design literature and discuss design routinely use an array of programs ogy for automating multilingual document some essential steps in the adaptation of to compute geometric and chemical char- production) while avoiding many of its economic mechanisms to non-cooperative acteristics of molecules. In this talk I pitfalls. computational environments, such as the describe areas of computer-aided drug Internet. design that are important to computa- tional chemists but are also rich in algorithmic problems and have attracted Oliviero Stock, IRST, Istituto per la Ricerca the attention of computer scientists. Scientifica e Tecnologica Was the Title of This Talk Generated Automatically? Prospects for Intelligent Interfaces and Language Robert Schapire, AT&T Labs – Research Theory and Practice of Boosting Language processing has a large practical potential when we realize that, for A view of Stockholm University and the Frescati instance, it can be integrated with other Campus area. The campus is situated in the Boosting is a general method for produc- world’s first national city park, an area rich in ing a very accurate classification rule by modalities made available by a computer. natural beauty yet close to the heart of the combining rough and moderately inaccu- Intelligent interfaces are artifacts that capital. Stockholm University’s roots date back rate “rules of thumb.” While rooted in a (often) practically embody these concepts. to 1878. The University moved from the central part of the city to Frescati in 1970. Stockholm theoretical framework of machine learn- Some prototypes are presented and chal- lenges for the future are discussed. University has 4 faculties: Natural Sciences, ing, boosting has been found empirically Humanities, Social Sciences and Law. to perform rather well. In this talk, I will With 34,000 students and 3,800 permanent introduce the Boosting algorithm employees, Stockholm University one of AdaBoost and explain the underlying Sweden’s largest educational establishments. theory of boosting, including an explana- tion of why boosting often does not suffer from overfitting. I also will describe some BERGSTRÖM recent applications of boosting. PER
9 TUTORIALS IJCAI-99
Tutorial Program
The IJCAI-99 Tutorial Program features 20 four-hour tutorials nized in five main themes A–E with four tutorials in each that explore evolving techniques. Each tutorial is taught by theme. The themes are A) Multiagent Systems, B) Situated experienced scientists and practitioners in AI. A separate regi- Artificial Intelligence, C) Planning and Scheduling, D) Basic stration fee applies to each tutorial. The tutorials will be orga- Technologies, and E) Knowledge Extraction and Discovery.
Sunday, August 1 Monday, August 2 9.00 am – 1.00 pm 2.00 pm – 6.00 pm 8.00 am – 12.00 am 1.00 pm – 5.00 pm
A1 Agents and Multiagents in the A2 Ontological Engineering A3 Collaborative Multiagent A4 Principles of Agents and Internet and Intranets Asunción Gómez-Pérez Systems Multiagent Systems: Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh Barbara Grosz, Charlie Ortiz Social, Ethical, and Legal Abstractions and Reasoning Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh
B1 Robotic Soccer: The Research B2 Intelligent Multimedia B3 Behavior-based Robotics B4 User-Adaptive Systems: Challenges and the Concrete Interface Agents Maja Matari´c, Ronald Arkin An Integrative Overview Simulation and Real Robot Wolfgang Wahlster, Elisabeth Andre Anthony Jameson Platforms Peter Stone, Manuela Veloso
C1 Practical Planning Systems C2 Knowledge-based Scheduling C3 Recent Advances in C4 Economically Founded Steve Chien, Brian Drabble Steve Chien, Stephen Smith AI Planning: A Unified View Multiagent Systems Subbarao Kambhampati Tuomas W. Sandholm
D1Neural Networks for Data D2Probabilistic Argumentation D3Learning Bayesian Networks D4Solving AI Problems with Structures: Principles and Systems from Data Satisfiability Applications Jurg Kohlas, Rolf Haenni Nir Friedman, Moises Goldszmidt Ian Gent, Toby Walsh Paolo Frasconi, Alessandro Sperduti
E1 Evaluating Machine Learning E2 Practical Text Mining E3 Automatic Text E4 Introduction to Information and Knowledge Discovery Ronen Feldman Summarization: Methods, Extraction Technology Foster Provost, David Jensen Systems and Evaluation Douglas E. Appelt, David J. Israel Udo Hahn, Inderjeet Mani
Tutorial Descriptions
A1 Agents and Multiagents in the community, from funding agencies, and enterprise and (b) independently designed, Internet and Intranets even in the lay press. This is because of autonomous components that must inter- Sunday, AM the expansion of information-rich environ- operate in separate enterprises. Therefore, ments, not only in the Internet at large, developing agents and multiagents in such but also in intranets and virtual private environments requires synthesizing AI and networks. Key applications include tele- database techniques for capturing and communications management, virtual using semantics through abstractions such enterprises, logistics, healthcare, and as datamodels, ontologies, transactions, manufacturing automation, to name but relaxed transactions, and workflows. a few. Successful agent applications in This tutorial presents the essential such domains will depend not only on AI background – in AI, databases, and Michael N. Huhns Munindar P. Singh techniques but also on a solid understand- distributed computing concepts, archi- ing of the underlying database issues. tectures, theories, and techniques – Agents and multiagent systems or multi- Information-rich environments for anyone planning to learn about and agents have been gathering an increasing inherently involve both (a) existing, contribute to the principles and applica- amount of attention lately in the research heterogeneous components within an tions of agent technology. It includes a
10 IJCAI-99 TUTORIALS
comprehensive overview of the state of the The tutorial will provide answers to the A3 Collaborative Multiagent Systems art in several agent applications, involving following questions: Monday, AM not only the retrieval of information, but • What is an ontology? also its update. • What principles should I follow to This tutorial will guide practitioners by build an ontology? describing implemented, tested agent- based approaches to large-scale informa- • What types of ontologies already exist? tion access and management. It will intro- • How are ontologies organized in duce graduate students and others to a libraries? new area with lots of exciting and impor- • What are the relationships between tant open problems. ontologies and knowledge bases? Barbara Grosz Charlie Ortiz • What methodology/steps should I use PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: Systems that are able to act as collabo- to build my own ontology? The background concepts in AI, databases, and rative partners on joint tasks have the distributed computing are covered within the • Which techniques are appropriate for potential to greatly improve human- tutorial. Thus, the tutorial is self-contained. each step? computer interactions and productivity. THE PRESENTERS have a long trackrecord in • How do software tools support the Such collaborative systems are within the theory and practice of multiagent systems in process of building and using onto- reach thanks to progress in our under- open, information-rich environments. They have logies? standing of rationality, both collective given a number of tutorials at international AI, • What are the most well-known ontolo- and individual. database, and distributed computing conferences. gies? Can I use existing ontologies to This tutorial will describe both the They coedited the book “Readings in Agents,” build my ontology? What are the uses major theoretical advances that can sup- published by Morgan Kaufmann in 1998 and now port the principled designs of such systems in its second printing. of ontologies in applications? as well as describe implementations based After the three hours tutorial, participants on these theories. PROFESSOR HUHNS (Ph.D., USC, 1975) edited will be familiar with the theoretical foun- The tutorial will begin with an the books “Distributed Artificial Intelligence”, dations of this field, will be table to build overview of rationality: What it means for volumes 1 and 2, and authored over 100 papers ontologies and identify potential applica- an agent to be rational and how this can and reports. He is serving or has served on tions for this technology. numerous program committees, conference be reflected in agent designs. This will advisory boards, and journal editorial boards, include a brief review of models of mental PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: including two IEEE magazines and one ACM state: for example, the representation and transactions. Participants need to have background knowledge on Knowledge Engineering and Artificial Intelli- role of intentions and the relation of inten- Homepage: www.ece.sc.edu/faculty/Huhns/ gence. tions to other attitudes such as that of belief. PROFESSOR SINGH (Ph.D., Texas, 1993) Then we will consider information flow authored a book “Multiagent Systems” and ASUNCIÓN GÓMEZ PÉREZ is B.A. in Computer several papers on agents and databases. He is Science (1990), M.S.C. on Knowledge Engineer- within agent architectures, emphasizing Editor-In-Chief of IEEE Internet Computing. ing (1991), Ph.D. in Computer Sciences (1993) considerations of resource-boundedness Dr. Singh has also chaired conferences on co- by Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain. She and the ways this affects formalizations operative information systems and agents. also is MS.C. on Business Administration (1994) and system designs. by Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, Spain. She Homepage: www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/mpsingh/ The tutorial will then examine a range has visited (1994-1995) the Knowledge Systems of approaches to modeling the collabora- Laboratory at Stanford University. She is Asso- ciate Professor (1995- ) at the Computer Science tive behavior of a group of agents on a School at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, joint task. Several formal computational Spain. She also is the Executive Director (1995) models will be presented and examined in of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the the light of major philosophical approach- School. Her current research activities include, es. The formal models require the intro- A2 Ontological Engineering among others: Theoretical ontological founda- duction of new notions of intention, Sunday, PM tions, Methodologies for building ontologies, ability, and helpful behavior. These new Ontological Reengineering, Evaluation of notions will be examined, as will ways to ontologies, Uses of ontologies in applications, model stages of partiality in joint planning Knowledge Management on the web, etc. She has processes. The relationship of this work to published more than 20 papers on the above issues. She has lead 5 projects funded by various work in distributed AI will be discussed institutions and/or companies. She is author of briefly. Finally, applications to human- one book on Ontological Engineering and co- computer communication and planning Asunción Gómez Pérez author of a book on Knowledge Engineering. She will be discussed. has been co-organizer of the workshops and con- The aims of this tutorial are to present the ferences on ontologies at ECAI-98, SSS-97 and PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: ECAI-96. She has taught tutorials on Ontological theoretical foundations of the field of This tutorial is suitable for a general AI audience. Engineering at ECAI-98, SEKE-97 and CAEPIA-97. Knowledge of AI planning would be helpful. It ontological engineering, methodologies E-mail: [email protected] should be of interest to: researchers in distributed and software environments for building AI; those interested in the theoretical aspects of ontologies, and the uses of ontologies in collaboration; and those interested in designing commercial and research applications. and building collaborative information systems, user interfaces, and planning systems.
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BARBARA GROSZ is Gordon McKay Professor of tions will benefit from a principled usage domain provides a myriad of AI research Computer Science at Harvard University and is a of the above abstractions, which enable opportunities related to multi-agent past president of AAAI. Her research addresses true agent functionality. fundamental problems in modeling collaborative systems, machine learning, real-time activity and in developing computer systems able This tutorial includes some historical planning, opponent modeling, intelligent to collaborate with each other and their users. background, but emphasizes conceptual robotics, and several other AI topics. She is one of the developers of the SharedPlans and technical material relating to the At IJCAI-97, conference attendees had model of collaboration. She is extending this above abstractions. It provides a compre- the opportunity to witness the first robotic model and using it to construct collaborative interfaces and computer agents that work hensive survey, and describes how the soccer world cup (RoboCup) competi- together in teams. above abstractions are being used in some tions. Another competition will be held at upcoming multiagent systems. This IJCAI-99. Competitions are held within CHARLIE ORTIZ is a computer scientist in the tutorial introduces AI practitioners and both simulation and real platforms. This Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI International students to multiagent systems. It is tutorial is an opportunity to learn the full where he has also served as director of the Applied AI Technology Program. While a post- especially useful for those transitioning range of research that has been going on doctoral fellow at Harvard, he conducted research from traditional agent systems and behind the competitions. on collaborative planning systems and rational applications to multiagent systems proper. This tutorial will be of interest to AI agency. He holds an S.B. in physics from MIT researchers and practitioners concerned and an M.S. in computer science from Columbia PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: University. His Ph.D. in computer science from with real-time multi-agent systems, includ- the University of Pennsylvania was for his work The tutorial is self-contained; it assumes only ing entertainment domains. The tutorial on causation. some familiarity with AI. will also be particularly relevant to current E-mail: [email protected] THE PRESENTERS have a long trackrecord in the and potential robotics researchers. It will theory and practice of multiagent systems. They help summarize the current state of the art have given a number of tutorials at international in a coherent framework so that they can computer science conferences. They coedited the build upon past accomplishments and book “Readings in Agents”, published by Morgan identify future research opportunities. Kaufmann in 1998 and now in its second printing. A4 Principles of Agents and Multiagent The tutorial will specifically introduce PROFESSOR HUHNS (Ph.D., USC, 1975) edited the RoboCup simulator and robotic plat- Systems: Social, Ethical, and Legal the books “Distributed Artificial Intelligence”, forms and the algorithms developed for Abstractions and Reasoning volumes 1 and 2, and authored over 100 papers multi-agent control learning, teamwork and reports. He is serving or has served on Monday, PM numerous program committees, conference architecture, and distributed robotic per- advisory boards, and journal editorial boards, ception and action. In addition, we plan to including two IEEE magazines and one ACM take special care to identify the generality transactions. of the techniques developed within Homepage: www.ece.sc.edu/faculty/Huhns/ RoboCup for researchers interested in PROFESSOR SINGH (Ph.D., Texas, 1993) other domains similar to robotic soccer. authored a book “Multiagent Systems” and several papers on agents and databases. He is PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: Editor-In-Chief of IEEE Internet Computing. Participants in this tutorial need not have Michael N. Huhns Munindar P. Singh Dr. Singh has also chaired conferences on co- previous familiarity with robotic soccer. operative information systems and agents. Homepage: www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/mpsingh/ The agent metaphor comes packaged with PETER STONE is a Ph.D: candidate in Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon Univer- a number of powerful abstractions. These sity. He received his M.S. in Computer Science include traditional AI abstractions, such as from Carnegie Mellon University in 1995 and his beliefs, knowledge, and intentions as well B.S. in Mathematics from the University of as the newer and more interesting social, Chicago in 1993. His research interests include B1 Robotic Soccer: The Research planning and machine learning, particularly in ethical, and legal abstractions. multi-agent systems. Mr Stone has been a central Traditional AI considers stand alone Challenges and the Concrete Simu- figure in the creation of the RoboCup initiative, entities, and studies actions merely in lation and Real Robot Platforms currently serving as the chair of the RoboCup-99 terms of their causes and effects, and sim- simulator committee. Sunday, AM plistic obligations and constraint reasoning E-mail: [email protected] over them. In contrast, agents are social, MANUELA M. VELOSO is Associate Professor of their actions involve the ethical concepts Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. of right and wrong, and they may engage She received her Ph.D. in Computer Science from in a variety of legal relations. The latter Carnegie Mellon University in 1992. Prof. Veloso researches in the area of artificial intelligence. themes are emphasized in this tutorial. Her long-term research goal is the effective con- Agent applications are drawing increas- struction of systems of multiple agents where ing attention from researchers, practi- cognition, perception, and action are combined to tioners, and even users. All too often, address planning, execution, and learning tasks. however, current agent-based systems Prof Veloso is the U.S. representative and found- Peter Stone Manuela Veloso ing member of the International Committee for neither support nor use the abstractions the RoboCup International Federation. that make agents interesting in the first Robotic soccer is a multi-agent domain E-mail: [email protected] place. Some developers are aware of these consisting of teams of agents that need to limitations, but necessarily come up with collaborate in a real-time, noisy, adver- ad hoc solutions. However, the applica- sarial environment. As such, this exciting
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B2 Intelligent Multimedia Interface interested in the basic concepts underlying the successful approach to solving situated development of interface agents and practitioners AI problems. Agents seeking a thorough overview of the key issues in In this tutorial we present a brief histo- applications. The tutorial assumes no prior Sunday, PM knowledge on multimedia interface agents, but a ry of intelligent robotics, describe the basic knowledge of AI concepts will enhance the interdisciplinary origins of behavior-based value of this course for participants. control, and place it in historical context relative to classical deliberative approach- PROF. DR. WOLFGANG WAHLSTER is the Direc- tor of the German Research Center for Artificial es, reactive control, and the currently most Intelligence (DFKI GmbH) and a Professor of Arti- popular hybrid control. We illustrate the ficial Intelligence in the Department of Computer basic principles of behavior-based control, Science at the University of Saarbruecken. He is a and methods for system synthesis and AAAI Fellow and a recipient of the Fritz Winter analysis. We present an overview of rele- Award. In 1998 he was awarded the degree of Wolfgang Wahlster Elisabeth Andre Doctor Honoris Causa by the Institute of Techno- vant biological inspirations and models of logy at Linköping University, Sweden. He serves robot control, from a neuroscientific, The objective of the tutorial is to provide as a Trustee of IJCAII and a member of the ethological, and psychological perspective. a survey of a new generation of highly Executive Board of the AI section of the German Key issues in perception for behavior- personalized agent-based or assistant-like Informatics Association (GI). Prof. Wahlster was the Conference Chair for IJCAI-93, the Chair of based systems, including active, action- interface agents which have gained con- the Board of Trustees of IJCAII from 1991–1993, oriented, and modular perception, are siderable interest both in academia and the ECAI-96 Program Chair and the Program covered. We conclude by surveying the industries. Personalization refers to the Co-Chair of ACL/EACL-97. He is currently the current state-of-the-art in research and Chair of ECCAI and the Vice-President of ACL. He ability of an interface to adapt its behavior applied control, and outline the outstand- to the information needs, interaction is the Co-Editor of the new Readings in Intelligent User Interfaces. ing problems and current directions, styles, and media preferences of individual including robot learning and multi-robot users in particular situations. DR. RER NAT. ELISABETH ANDRE is a project control. Numerous videotapes of robots in In the context of the World Wide Web leader at the German Research Center for Arti- action are used to illustrate and evaluate it wouldn’t make sense to delegate the task ficial Intelligence (DFKI GmbH). Since February 1997, she has been the Chair of the ACL Special the presented concepts. of personalizing presentations to the infor- Interest Group on Multimedia Language Process- The target audience is the general AI mation providers. One reason is that ing (SIGMEDIA). Dr. Andre is on the editorial community; the tutorial ties behavior- information providers would have to board of AI Communications and the area editor based robotics to general AI methods, for Intelligent User Interfaces of Electronic anticipate all possible users and situations principles and goals. It gives a clear idea in order to provide adequate presentation Transactions on Artificial Intelligence (ETAI). Furthermore, she has been editing a special issue of the current state of a major area in formats. on Animated Interface Agents of the Applied robotics, thus making many of the talks in In the tutorial, we will discuss recent Artificial Intelligence Journal and a special issue the robotics sessions, as well as the IJCAI developments in the design of intelligent on Information Agents of the German Artificial and AAAI Robotics contest and Exhibi- Intelligence Journal. multimedia interfaces that go beyond the tion demonstrations, more interesting and standard canned text, predesigned graph- Both presenters have been actively involved in numerous industrial projects dealing with accessible. ics and prerecorded images and sounds various applications of intelligent user interface typically found in commercial multimedia technology. PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: systems of today. We will show that it is The tutorial will not require any robotics back- possible to adapt many of the fundamental ground on the part of the audience. A general concepts developed to date in computa- AI background (at the level of an undergraduate AI course) will be sufficient to follow all of the tional linguistics in such a way that they B3 Behavior-based Robotics material in the tutorial. become useful for multimedia presenta- Monday, AM tions as well. We will address key applica- MAJA MATARIC´ is an assistant professor in the Computer Science Department and the Neuro- tions such as communication assistants for science Program at the University of Southern the Internet, multimedia helpware, infor- California, and Director of the USC Robotics mation retrieval and analysis, authoring, Research Labs. She received her PhD in training, monitoring, and decision support. Computer Science and AI in 1994 and her MS There is also a peripheral aspect of per- in 1990, both from MIT. She is on the editorial board of JAIR and Adaptive Behavior. Her sonalizing user interfaces. By peripheral research interests include multi-robot and personalization, we mean that the system multi-agent control and learning, and modeling personifies itself audiovisually, e.g. as an Maja Mataric´ Ronald Arkin imitation. She is a member of AAAI and ISAB. animated life like character. The tutorial Behavior-based robotics has, in the last RONALD ARKIN is a Professor in the College of will introduce the technology for the decade, emerged as one of the leading Computing at Georgia Tech and is Director of the development of animated interface agents Mobile Robot Laboratory. His interests include approaches to mobile robot control and which play the role of a communication behavior-based reactive control and action-orient- has been effectively applied in a variety of assistant who explains, comments and ed perception for mobile robots and unmanned domains, ranging from modeling biologi- aerial vehicles, robot survivability, multi-agent highlights the material to be presented. cal systems, to studying difficult robotics robotic systems, and learning in autonomous The tutorial will be augmented by numer- systems. He recently completed a textbook problems, to real-world applications. ous videos and interactive demos. entitled “Behavior-Based Robotics” (MIT Press) Behavior-based control addresses the and is the Series Editor for the book series PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: fundamental AI issues of sensing, thinking Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents. and acting in realtime and presents a He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a The tutorial is designed for both researchers member of AAAI and ACM.
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B4 User-adaptive Systems: PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: and state space planning, operator-based This tutorial will be accessible to persons with no planning and hierarchical task network An Integrative Overview previous knowledge of user-adaptive systems. It planning. Advanced concepts such as inte- Monday, PM is also aimed at experienced researchers in this area who want to make better use of relevant grated planning and scheduling, decision research that has been conducted outside of their theoretic planning, and mixed initiative own research communities. planning will also be briefly discussed. Important questions relevant to planning ANTHONY JAMESON is a senior project director will be covered in the tutorial such as: and lecturer at the University of Saarbruecken who also participates in industrial projects at the • Are planning techniques applicable to German Research Center for AI (DFKI). He has my problem? Anthony Jameson published on various aspects of user-adaptive systems since the early 1980's and was program • If so, what are the most appropriate co-chair of UM97, the Sixth International Confer- planning representations and This tutorial deals with the broad class of ence on User Modeling. systems that adapt to properties and E-mail: [email protected] • How can I acquire, verify, and main- behaviors of individual users. These sys- tain my planning knowledge base? tems perform many different functions, • How can a planning system be embed- including information retrieval and presen- ded into my operational setting? tation, product recommendation, instruc- tion, intelligent help, interface adaptation, Practical Planning Systems PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: automated execution of the user's routine C1 Knowledge of basic concepts from artificial intelli- tasks, and support for collaboration. The Sunday, AM gence will be presumed: search, expert systems, AI techniques used include machine learn- logic-like representations. Familiarity with some ing methods, probabilistic and decision- planning and scheduling systems, basic search theoretic approaches, logic-based tech- strategies, reactive systems, and/or scripting lan- guages would be helpful but not essential. niques, and various more or less applica- tion-specific methods. DR. STEVE CHIEN is Technical Group Supervisor Research on user-adaptive systems has of the Artificial Intelligence Group at the Jet been unnecessarily fragmented, with spe- Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of cialized communities focusing on particu- Technology, where he leads efforts in automated Steve Chien Brian Drabble planning and scheduling. His current projects lar types of application or particular include basic research and deployment of plan- implementation techniques. This tutorial Automated planning is the generation of a ning systems for automated science analysis, aims to further cross-fertilization among sequence of actions (potentially to a level spacecraft mission planning, spacecraft design, maintenance of space transportation systems, these communities by providing a unifying that can be executed) to achieve some and Deep Space Network Antenna operations. conceptual framework as well as pointers desired world state while obeying the con- Dr. Chien holds B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Com- to major developments throughout the straints of the domain. Planning systems puter Science, all from the University of Illinois. area. can be used to automate procedure gener- Dr. Chien is also an Adjunct Assistant Professor The tutorial will consider in turn six ation problems in a wide range of areas with the Department of Computer Science of the questions that can be asked about any University of Southern California. He is a 1995 such as: data analysis, distribution logis- recipient of the Lew Allen Award for Excellence, user-adaptive system: tics, systems engineering, process flow, the highest honor JPL awards to researchers in 1. What function is served by the adap- crisis response, and space payload opera- the early years of their professional careers. tation? tions. DR. BRIAN DRABBLE is a member of Artificial Automated planning technology can 2. What (if any) properties of the user are Intelligence Applications Institute at the University modeled? reduce operations costs, decrease manual of Edinburgh and has been actively involved in AI 3. What input data about the user are errors and thus increase consistency, and planning and scheduling research over the past obtained? reduce dependency on key personnel. 10 years. His current responsibilities include This tutorial will cover key issues, being project leader and co-principal investigator 4. What techniques are employed to make on the O-Plan projects which is part of the $66 inferences on the basis of the data? problems, and approaches central in field- million ARPA/Rome Laboratory Planning Initia- ing automated planning systems with 5. What techniques are used to determine tive. In addition he has worked with a number of lessons and solutions drawn from the clients including Toshiba, Hitachi, European the appropriate system adaptation? presenters’ experience in fielding planning Space Agency, British Government, etc. to bring- ing AI planning and scheduling into their organi- 6. What is the empirical basis of the app- systems for science data analysis, space- lication of these techniques? zations and products. Dr. Drabble has supervised craft payload checkout, and communica- a number of Ph.D. and M.Sc students from the For each question, we will compare and tions antenna operations. University’s Department of Artificial Intelligence. evaluate the contributions that have been This tutorial will cover the basic con- The topics have included Reactive Execution made so far. The entire presentation will cepts in domain-independent artificial Agents Models for Plan Based Diagnosis, and be illustrated with concrete examples of Knowledge Aquisition for Planning. He has also intelligence planning including: search, presented AIAI’s Planning and Scheduling course existing systems. representing planning knowledge, plan to a large number of representatives from industry and commerce.
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C2 Knowledge-based Scheduling University of Southern California. He is a 1995 SUBBARAO KAMBHAMPATI is an associate recipient of the Lew Allen Award for Excellence, professor of computer science at Arizona State Sunday, PM the highest honor JPL awards to researchers in University, where he directs the YOCHAN the early years of their professional careers. research group. He received his bachelors degree in electrical engineering from Indian Institute of DR. STEPHEN F. SMITH is a Senior Research Sci- Technology, Madras, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees entist in the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon in Computer Science from University of University where he is Director of the Intelligent Maryland, College Park. He has published over Coordination and Logistics Laboratory. Since seventy technical articles on planning, learning joining the faculty at CMU/RI in 1982, Dr. Smith's and related areas of AI. He was a 1994 NSF research has focused on frameworks and tech- Young Investigator and a 1996 AAAI invited niques for flexible planning, scheduling and con- speaker. He has taught courses and has trol in practical domains. Dr. Smith has directed published several tutorial articles on AI planning, Steve Chien Stephen Smith the development of several innovative constraint- and is the author of a 1997 IJCAI challenge paper based scheduling systems, which have been field- on bridging plan-synthesis paradigms. Increasingly, AI and knowledge-based ed in numerous application domains spanning techniques are providing a practical basis semiconductor manufacturing, military airlift and tanker mission management, and communica- for effective solutions to complex schedul- tions antenna scheduling. His current research ing problems. This tutorial will cover the interests include distributed, mixed-initiative and principal concepts and techniques that reactive planning and scheduling, reconfigurable C4 Economically Founded Multiagent underlie AI-based approaches to auto- and self-organizing scheduling system architec- Systems tures, and agent-based modeling and analysis of mated scheduling. supply chain dynamics. Monday, PM We will start by covering basic schedul- ing concepts such as representation of scheduling knowledge and constraints, search, constraint propagation, conflict resolution, bottleneck analysis, search con- C3 Recent Advances in AI Planning: trol heuristics, and basic constructive and A Unified View iterative approaches to schedule genera- tion. Monday, AM Tuomas Sandholm Next, more advanced scheduling topics will be covered, including scheduling In multiagent systems – e.g. for under uncertainty, reactive scheduling, agent-mediated electronic commerce – distributed scheduling, mixed-initiative computational agents find contracts on scheduling, machine learning approaches behalf of the real world parties that they to scheduling, and evolutionary computa- represent. This automation saves human tion approaches. We will conclude with a Subbarao negotiation time, and computational characterization of the current state of Kambhampati agents are often better at finding beneficial research and practice, and a discussion of deals in combinatorially and strategically Although planning is one of the oldest the prospects and open issues in the field. complex settings. Applications include research areas of AI, recent years have The tutorial will be motivated with experi- electronic trading, manufacturing planning brought many dramatic advances in both ences drawn from real-world scheduling and scheduling among companies, electric- its theory and practice. On the theory side, systems which have been or are currently ity markets, allocating and pricing band- we now understand the deep connections being deployed, and concepts will be illus- width in multi-provider multi-consumer among AI planning, constraint satisfac- trated using examples drawn from these computer networks, digital libraries, tion, logic and operations research. On the systems. vehicle routing among dispatch centers, practical side, we have effective ways of and resource allocation in distributed capturing and using domain-specific PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: operating systems, to name just a few. control knowledge, and have planners Knowledge of basic concepts from artificial intelli- A key research goal is to design open that are capable of synthesizing plans with gence will be presumed: search, expert systems, distributed systems in a principled way logic-like representations. Familiarity with some hundred or more actions in minutes. that leads to globally desirable outcomes planning and scheduling systems, constraint These, in short, are exciting times for AI even though every participating agent only propagation, and basic search strategies would planning research. be helpful but not essential. considers its own good and may act insin- This tutorial will provide a comprehen- cerely. The tutorial covers relevant topics sive overview of the field, placing both the DR. STEVE CHIEN is Technical Group Supervisor in AI, game theory, market mechanisms, of the Artificial Intelligence Group at the Jet traditional ideas and the recent advances voting, auctions (also combinatorial auc- Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of in a unified perspective, and delineating Technology, where he leads efforts in automated tions), coalition formation, and contract their application potential. Our primary planning and scheduling. His current projects nets. Emphasis is given to rigorous results emphasis will be on planning in determin- include basic research and deployment of plan- and algorithms – both classic ones from ning systems for automated science analysis, istic domains, although we shall make sev- microeconomics and recent ones from the spacecraft mission planning, spacecraft design, eral connections to scheduling as well as distributed AI community – that have maintenance of space transportation systems, planning in stochastic domains. and Deep Space Network Antenna operations. direct applications to computational Dr. Chien holds B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Com- agents. Effects of computational limita- PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: puter Science, all from the University of Illinois. tions, i.e. agents' bounded rationality, are Dr. Chien is also an Adjunct Assistant Professor The tutorial should be accessible to anyone with with the Department of Computer Science of the basic computer science and AI background. discussed as a key feature that has not
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received adequate attention. Implementa- sequence processing, the tutorial will begin D2 Probabilistic Argumentation tion experiences will be shared, and real with a review of basic concepts underpin- Systems world applications presented. ning recurrent neural networks, for those attendees which are not familiar with such Sunday, PM PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: a class of models. Algorithms for training The tutorial is targeted to the builder of multi- recursive neural networks are presented as agent systems that consist of multiple self- interested agents. It also serves to familiarize generalizations of gradient computation newcomers and executive level participants with algorithms for recurrent nets, and com- the issues in multiagent systems. No background plexity as well computational issues are is required in economics or multiagent systems. discussed. Finally, examples of applica- tions in chemistry, structural pattern TUOMAS SANDHOLM is Assistant Professor of computer science at Washington University in St. recognition, and theorem proving are Jürg Kohlas Rolf Haenni Louis. He received the Ph.D. and M.S. degrees in presented. computer science from the University of Massa- chusetts at Amherst in 1996 and 1994. Prior to PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: Probabilistic argumentation systems pro- that he earned an M.S. (B.S. included) with dis- Although we will briefly review the essential con- vide an intuitive and natural approach to tinction in Industrial Engineering and Manage- cepts for data structure and neural networks, we non-monotonic reasoning under uncertain- ment Science from the Helsinki University of will assume that the attendants will be familiar Technology, Finland. He has nine years of experi- ty. The basic idea is to find arguments in with data structures; we also assume basic ence building multiagent systems. He has also favor and against certain hypotheses. knowledge of linear algebra and calculus for the co-developed two fielded AI systems, and is Chief treatment of some neural network paradigms. Arguments are composed of uncertain Scientist of an electronic commerce startup com- assumptions, which are used for capturing pany. He has published over 65 technical papers, PAOLO FRASCONI received the M.Sc. degree in and received several academic awards. the uncertainty of the given knowledge. Electronic Engineering in 1990 and the Ph.D. Deriving arguments is a matter of degree in Computer Science in 1994, both from the University of Florence, Italy. He is currently deduction in an appropriate logic. Non- Associate Professor with Dipartimento di Inge- monotonicity is obtained in a natural way gneria Elettrica ed Elettronica at the University of by eliminating contradictory arguments. D1 Neural Networks for Data Cagliari, Italy. He was Assistant Professor with A quantitative judgement of hypotheses the Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica at the is possible by weighting the uncertain Structures Principles and University of Florence, Italy. In 1992 he was a Visiting Scholar in the Department of Brain and assumptions according to their likelihood Applications Cognitive Science at the Massachusetts Institute or probability. In this way, reliabilities of Sunday, AM of Technology, Cambridge. In 1994 he was a Visi- arguments are obtained and degrees of ting Scientist at Centro Studi e Laboratori Teleco- support and plausibility in the sense of the municazioni (CSELT), Turin. His current research interests include neural networks, Markovian Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence can be models, and graphical models, with particular derived for the hypotheses. Probabilistic emphasis on problems involving learning about argumentation systems are therefore based sequential and structured information. Paolo on a novel combination of classical logic Frasconi is the author of around 50 refereed (for deduction) and probability theory (for papers mainly in the areas of graphical models for learning, neural networks, pattern recognition, measuring the reliabilities of deductions). artificial intelligence. The tutorial will present the conceptual Paolo Frasconi Alessandro Sperduti foundations of probabilistic argumenta- ALESSANDRO SPERDUTI received his universi- tion systems. Furthermore, relations to The purpose of the tutorial is to examine ty education from the University of Pisa, Italy other formalisms (e.g. Bayesian networks, the state of the art in the use of connec- (“Laurea” and Doctoral degrees in 1988 and 1993, respectively, all in Computer Science). In evidence theory, ATMS, probabilistic logic, tionist networks for processing data struc- 1993 he spent a period at the International Com- default logic, etc.) will be elucidated. tures and to present a unified view of for- puter Science Institute, Berkeley, supported by a The expressiveness of probabilistic malisms and tools for dealing with rich postdoctoral fellowship. In 1994 he moved back argumentation systems permits us to to the Computer Science Department, University data representations, covering connection- model problems from different domains ist architectures for data structures, learn- of Pisa, where he was Assistant Professor, and where he presently is Associate Professor. His (e.g. model-based prediction, state estima- ing algorithms, and applications. In partic- research interests include pattern recognition, tion and diagnostics, failure trees, project ular, we will show that it is possible to image processing, neural networks, hybrid sys- scheduling, sensor fusing, testimonies, represent and classify structured informa- tems. In the field of hybrid systems his work has public key certification, information tion very naturally. Moreover, it is possible focused on the integration of symbolic and con- nectionist systems. He contributed to the organi- retrieval, etc.). This shows its extensive to formalize several supervised models for zation of several workshops on this subject and applicability and usefulness for all sorts of classification of structures which stem very he served also in the program committee of problems of reasoning under uncertainty. naturally from well known models, such conferences on neural networks. Alessandro Several examples of different application Sperduti is the author of around 50 refereed as back propagation through time net- fields will be discussed in the tutorial. works, real-time recurrent networks, papers mainly in the areas of neural networks, fuzzy systems, pattern recognition, and image Efficient deduction mechanisms are of simple recurrent networks, recurrent processing. particular importance for probabilistic cascade correlation networks, and neural argumentation systems. For that purpose, trees. appropriate approximation strategies exist Because many concepts and formal for computing only the most relevant tools are inherited from the theoretical arguments in polynomial time. In this way, framework of recurrent networks for the complexity of dealing with logical
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deduction can be controlled. Based on from data. Learning these particular mod- D4 Solving AI Problems with these considerations, inference mecha- els is desirable for several reasons. First, Satisfiability nisms for probabilistic argumentation sys- there is a wide array of off-the-shelf tools tems will be sketched. that can apply the learned models for pre- Monday, PM diction, decision making and diagnosis. PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE Second, learning Bayesian networks also Only elementary knowledge of propositional logic provides a principled approach for semi- and discrete probability is required. parametric density estimation, data analy- PROF. JÜRG KOHLAS is professor of theoreti- sis, pattern classification, and modeling. cal computer science at the University of Fribourg Third, in some situations they allow us to (Switzerland). He has been a partner of the Euro- provide causal interpretation of the pean Basic Research Activity “Defeasible Reason- observed data. Fourth, they allow us to ing and Management of Uncertainty” (1993- combine knowledge acquired from experts Ian Gent Toby Walsh 1996). He is the leader of the project “Probabilis- tic Argumentation Systems” (1997-1999) and the with information from raw data. initiator of the project “Inference and Deduction: In this tutorial we will start by review- In recent years, there has been an explo- an Integration of Logic and Probability”, both ing the basic concepts behind Bayesian sion of research in AI into propositional sponsored by the Swiss National Foundation for networks. We will then describe the funda- satisfiability (or SAT). There are many fac- Research. mental theory and algorithms for inducing tors behind the increased interest in this area. One factor is the improvement of DR. ROLF HAENNI is research scientist at the these networks from data including learn- Institute of Informatics of the University of Fri- ing the parameters and the structure of the search procedures for SAT. New local bourg. He has been a partner of the European network, how to handle missing values search procedures like GSAT and Walk- Basic Research Activity “Defeasible Reasoning and hidden variables, and how to learn SAT are able to solve SAT problems with and Management of Uncertainty” (1993-1996), causal models. Finally, we will discuss thousands of variables. At the same time, and he is the manager of the project “Probabilis- tic Argumentation Systems” (1997-1999). advanced methods, open research areas, implementations of complete search algo- and applications of these learning rithms like Davis-Putnam have been able Both lecturers are experienced in the tutorial methods, including pattern matching and to solve open mathematical problems. topic for many years. classification, speech recognition, data Another factor is the identification of analysis, and scientific discovery. hard SAT problems at a phase transition in solubility. A third factor is the demon- PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE stration that we can often solve real-world This tutorial is intended for people interested in problems by encoding them into SAT. D3 Learning Bayesian Networks data analysis, data mining, pattern recognition, There has also been an improved theoreti- machine learning and reasoning under uncertain- cal understanding of SAT, particularly in from Data ty. Familiarity with the basic concepts of probabil- ity theory will be helpful. the analysis of such phase transition Monday, AM behaviour. This halfday tutorial will NIR FRIEDMAN received a Ph.D. in computer review the state of the art for research in science from Stanford in 1997, was a postdoctor- satisfiability and discuss applications in al scholar in the Computer Science Division at the University of California, Berkeley till late 1998, which algorithms for satisfiability have and is currently a faculty member in the Institute proved successful. of Computer Science at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. In recent years, he has been exten- PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: sively working on inference, planning, and The tutorial will be aimed at the general AI audi- learning with probabilistic representations of ence, both academic and industrial. In particular, uncertainty. This work mainly focuses on using Nir Friedman Moises Goldszmidt limited prior knowledge will be assumed about Bayesian networks for concept learning, data logic and computational complexity. mining, reinforcement learning, and more Bayesian networks are compact and com- recently computational biology. IAN GENT is a lecturer in the Department of putationally efficient representations of Computer Science at the University of probability distributions. Over the last MOISES GOLDSZMIDT is a senior computer Strathclyde. He holds an MA in Mathematics from scientist at SRI International, where he conducts decade, they have become the method of the University of Cambridge, an MSc in Artificial research and directs several projects in the area choice for the representation of uncertain- Intelligence from Edinburgh University, and a of learning and adaptive systems. From 1992- Ph.D. in Computer Science from University of ty in artificial intelligence. Today, they 1996 he was a research scientist with the Rock- Warwick. play a crucial role in modern expert sys- well Science Center in Palo Alto. He received a tems, diagnosis engines, and decision sup- PhD in Computer Science from the University of TOBY WALSH is a research fellow in the Depart- California, Los Angeles in 1992. Dr. Goldszmidt port systems. ment of Computer Science at the University of has numerous publications on topics related to Strathclyde and an honorary fellow at the Division In recent years, there has been signifi- representation and reasoning under uncertainty, of Informatics at Edinburgh University. He cant progress in methods and algorithms automatic induction of Bayesian networks, deci- received a BA in Mathematics and Physics from for inducing Bayesian networks directly sion making, and nonmonotonic reasoning. the University of Cambridge, and a MSc and PhD from the Department of Artificial Intelligence at
17 TUTORIALS IJCAI-99
Edinburgh University. He has been a Marie-Curie statistics, computational learning theory, stant. Search engines only exacerbate the postdoctoral fellow at INRIA (Nancy, France) and and minimum description length formal- problem by making more and more docu- at IRST (Trento, Italy), and a SERC postdoctoral isms. Finally, it will address the challenges ments available in a matter of a few key fellow at the Department of Artificial Intelligence in Edinburgh. faced by open-ended knowledge discovery, strokes. Text mining is a new and exciting surveying insights from a wide body of research area that tries to solve the infor- Ian Gent and Toby Walsh are founding members work ranging from AM, EURISKO, and mation overload problem by using tech- of the APES research group, a cross-university MetaDENDRAL through more recent niques from data mining, machine learn- group of researchers dedicated to improving the use of empirical methods within artificial intelli- work in scientific discovery and data min- ing, NLP, IR and knowledge management. gence. For more details, see ing. Text mining involves the preprocessing of http://www.cs.strath.ac.uk/apes document collections (text categorization, PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: term extraction), the storage of the inter- The tutorial assumes almost no prior background mediate representations, the techniques to in statistics, though audience members should be analyze these intermediate representations familiar with basic machine learning algorithms for classification and reinforcement learning. The (distribution analysis, clustering, trend tutorial is best suited to researchers who are analysis, association rules, etc.) and visual- E1 Evaluating Machine Learning and building systems with a learning component, and ization of the results. In this tutorial we to researchers constructing dedicated machine will present the general theory of text Knowledge Discovery learning and data mining systems. mining and will demonstrate several sys- Sunday, AM FOSTER PROVOST studies knowledge discov- tems that use these principles to enable ery and machine learning at Bell Atlantic (former- interactive exploration of large textual ly NYNEX) Science and Technology. His research collections. We will present a general has focused on evaluation, scaling up, and using architecture for text mining and will out- background knowledge, and on applications such as fraud detection and network diagnosis. With line the algorithms and data structures Ron Kohavi, Foster coedited a recent special behind the systems. Special emphasis will issue of the journal Machine Learning on “Appli- be given to efficient algorithms for very Foster Provost and cations of Machine Learning and the Knowledge large document collections, tools for visu- ▲ David Jensen Discovery Process.” alizing such document collections, the use An increasing proportion of AI systems DAVID JENSEN is research assistant professor of intelligent agents to perform text min- discover and apply new knowledge. of computer science at the University of Massa- ing on the internet, and the use of infor- chusetts, Amherst. His research focuses on learn- Obvious examples are dedicated systems mation extraction to better capture the ing and knowledge discovery, and he has written major themes of the documents. The for machine learning and data mining, and spoken extensively on statistical pathologies and further examples include planning, of learning algorithms. He is managing editor tutorial will cover the state of the art in scheduling, problem solving, and robotic of Evaluation of Intelligent Systems, a web- this rapidly growing area of research. accessible resource about statistical evaluation systems that embed learning in a larger Several real world applications of text methods for studying AI systems. context. In addition, many AI systems are mining will be presented. the result of careful experimentation and Foster and David presented a tutorial on evaluat- PREREQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: tuning by experimenters – a form of inter- ing data mining algorithms at the 1998 Interna- The tutorial is suitable to the general audience. active knowledge discovery. tional Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD98). No special knowledge in needed as the tutorial is This tutorial examines the central self-contained. It should be of interest to practi- question of how to evaluate discovered tioners from data mining, NLP, IR, knowledge knowledge. Such evaluation can be carried management and the general AI audience interested in this fast growing research area. out by a researcher or by an AI system itself. In either case, careful evaluation is RONEN FELDMAN is a senior lecturer at the the key to improving learned knowledge Mathematics and Computer Science Department and to using it effectively. E2 Practical Text Mining of Bar-Ilan University in Israel, and the Director of The tutorial will cover four general the Data Mining Laboratory. He received his B.Sc. Sunday, PM in Math, Physics and Computer Science from the topics. First, it will examine fundamentals Hebrew University, M.Sc. in Computer Science of empirical evaluation of learned knowl- from Bar-Ilan University, and his Ph.D. in edge, including basic challenges, statistical Computer Science from Cornell University. He is foundations, useful statistical and visual- the founder and president of Instinct Software, a startup company specializing in development of ization techniques, and specific pitfalls. text mining tools and applications. Second, it will discuss how to evaluate learned knowledge in the context of the goals and problem characteristics of a Ronen Feldman specific task, focusing on specific tech- niques for evaluating knowledge in the The information age has made it easy to face of uncertainty about particular task store large amounts of data. The prolifera- parameters such as error costs and class tion of documents available on the Web, frequencies. Third, it will examine the on corporate intranets, on news wires, and specific challenges of evaluating knowl- elsewhere is overwhelming. However, edge when it is derived inductively, while the amount of data available to us is concentrating on unifying ideas from constantly increasing, our ability to absorb and process this information remains con-
18 IJCAI-99 TUTORIALS
E3 Automatic Text Summarization: PRERQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: related areas, (2) the types of applications Some familarity with questions relating to natural for which the technology is suitable, Methods, Systems, and Evaluation language processing and information retrieval (3) techniques for the evaluation of IE sys- Monday, AM techniques is considered helpful, but will not be a necessary prerequisite for attending the tutorial. tem performance (4) an analysis of a typi- A background in general computer science is cal IE system and its components, required, and prior exposure to artificial intelli- (5) an overview of both theoretical and gence methodologies is desirable. practical techniques relevant to building information extraction systems, (6) where UDO HAHN is professor for computational lin- guistics at Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, to find public domain resources for build- Germany. He works at the intersection of text ing information extraction systems, and
▲ Udo Hahn understanding and information systems, includ- (7) limitations of the technology, and and Inderjeet Mani ing areas such as text summarization, intelligent productive areas for future research. The text retrieval, acquisition of knowledge from texts, tutorial would be suitable for managers Research and development in automatic and text mining. He has been involved in the development of a German-language text summa- who want to understand the technology text summarization has been assuming rization system (TOPIC). His most recent work and what is involved in its application, increased importance with the rapid aims at the incorporation of condensation opera- developers who are interested in getting growth of the Web and on-line informa- tors into the formal framework of description started in the area of information extrac- tion services, which provide access to vast logics. Udo Hahn has (co-)authored four books, thirty-five articles in journals and compiled tion, and students who are contemplating amounts of textual data. The goal of auto- volumes, and more than ninety proceedings study or research in the area of informa- matic text summarization is to take a contributions. tion extraction. partially structured source text, determine its information content, and present the INDERJEET MANI is a Principal Scientist in the PRERQUISITE KNOWLEDGE: most important content in a manner Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the MITRE Corporation in Reston, Virginia, where he has led We do not make any assumption about the back- sensitive to the needs of the user and the a variety of projects in information retrieval, infor- ground of tutorial attendees other than a general task to be accomplished. This tutorial is mation extraction, and text summarization. familiarity with computing, automata, grammars, intended to give an overview of the main He holds one patent, and is the author of more and languages that would be typical of an under- graduate computer science major. methodologies and systems currently avail- than thirty refereed papers in the areas of text summarization, information retrieval, machine able to deal with these challenges, as well translation, natural language generation, natural DOUGLAS APPELT is a senior computer scien- as recent evaluation efforts. language interfaces, and formal semantics. tist in the Artificial Intelligence Center of SRI The tutorial begins with a discussion of Dr. Mani's current summarization-related International. He received his Ph.D. in Computer activities include assisting the U.S. Government Science in 1981 from Stanford University. the varieties of text summarization. Natu- Dr. Appelt has conducted research in natural- rally occurring human summarization on the TIPSTER Summarization Evaluation Task (SUMMAC), and co-editing a book on text language generation, speech acts, and spoken activities are contrasted with strategies summarization (Advances in Automatic Text language systems. He is affiliated with the Center underlying professional abstracting. Sum- Summarization), to be published by MIT Press). for the Study of Language and Information at marization methods and tasks are differen- Stanford University, and was president of the Association for Computational Linguistics and tiated from the closely related ones found has served on the editorial boards of Computa- in other activities involving text analysis, tional Linguistics and Computational Intelligence. such as information retrieval (document filtering), information extraction, or text DAVID ISRAEL is a senior computer scientist in E4 Introduction to Information the Artificial Intelligence Center of SRI Interna- mining. Both shallow approaches, incor- tional. He received his Ph.D. in Philosophy from porating statistical and linguistic tech- Extraction Technology the University of California at Berkeley in 1974. niques, as well as deeper approaches, Monday, PM He has served on the faculty of Tufts University, where summarization is characterized as and as a research scientist at BBN. Dr. Israel has an AI reasoning task, are discussed. This been active in research in natural language semantics, formal logic and knowledge represen- leads to the presentation of various system tation, and has been involved in numerous pro- architectures for summarization, including jects at SRI involving the application of informa- a characterization of key condensation tion extraction technology. He is on the editorial operations involved. Evaluation metrics board of Computational Intelligence. and current evaluation efforts, including the U.S. Government's TIPSTER SUMMAC evaluation, are discussed in Douglas Appelt David Israel detail. New research areas such as multi- document and multi-media summarization Information Extraction (IE) Technology is are also treated. In addition, we character- directed at recovering specific, highly ize the state of commercial summarization structured information from ordinary products and conclude by identifying natural language texts such as newspaper outstanding problems which remain chal- articles, email messages, and other on-line lenging topics for future Ph.D. theses. sources of textual information. Recent The target audience we address is research has led to advances in IE technol- mainly researchers, students, software ogy that make this collection of techniques developers, and research managers with an ripe for practical application. In this tutor- interest in sophisticated tools for taming ial, we will discuss (1) the nature of the the ever increasing flow of textual data. technology, and what distinguishes it from
19 WORKSHOPS IJCAI-99
Workshop Program (By invitation only)
The workshops will take place July 31 – August 2. They are arranged in nine tracks centered around broad research topics and problem domains. Participation is limited to those determined by the workshop organizers prior to the conference. Additional information on the workshop program can be found in the IJCAI-99 Webpages.
Track Saturday Sunday Monday July 31 August 1 August 2
Track “KRR” KRR-2: Nonmonotonic KRR-3: Hot Topics in Spatial Reasoning, Action and Change and Temporal Reasoning Knowledge Michael Thielscher, Hans W. Guesgen, KRR-1: Practical [email protected] [email protected] Representation Reasoning and Rationality and Reasoning John Bell, [email protected] KRR-4: Qualitative and Model KRR-5: Ontologies and Based Reasoning for Complex Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Systems and their Control Learned and Future Trends Robert Milne, Richard Benjamins, [email protected] [email protected]
Track “ML” ML-1: Statistical Machine ML-2: Neural, Symbolic, ML-3: Support Vector Machines Learning for Large-Scale and Reinforcement Methods Craig Saunders, Machine Learning Optimization for Sequence Learning [email protected] Justin Boyan, C. Lee Giles, [email protected] [email protected] Ron Sun, [email protected]
ML-4: Learning About Users ML-5: Automating the Åsa Rudström, Construction of Case Based [email protected] Reasoners Sarabjot Singh Anand, [email protected] Agnar Aamodt, [email protected] David W. Aha, [email protected]
Track “IRF” IRF-1: Intelligent IRF-2: Machine Learning IRF-3: Text Mining: Foundations, Information Integration for Information Filtering Techniques and Applications Information Dieter Fensel, Thorsten Joachims, Ronen Feldman, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Retrieval and Filtering
20 IJCAI-99 WORKSHOPS
Track Saturday Sunday Monday July 31 August 1 August 2
Track “ABS” ABS-1: Agent Mediated ABS-2: Agent Communication ABS-3: Learning About, Electronic Commerce Languages From and With other Agents Agent-Based Alexandros Moukas Frank Dignum, Jose M. Vidal, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Systems Carles Sierra B. Chaib-draa, [email protected] [email protected] Fredrik Ygge [email protected]
ABS-4: The Third International Workshop on RoboCup ABS-5: Team Behavior and Manuela M. Veloso, Plan Recognition [email protected] Simon Goss, [email protected]
Track “PLAN” PLAN-1: Adjustable PLAN-2: Scheduling and Plan- Autonomy Systems ning meet Real-time Monitoring Planning, David Kortenkamp, in a Dynamic and Uncertain World [email protected] Abdel-Illah Mouaddib, Scheduling, and [email protected] Control Thierry Vidal, [email protected]
Track “ROB” ROB-1: Robot Action Planning ROB-2: Adaptive Spatial ROB-3: Reasoning with Michael Beetz, Representations of Dynamic Uncertainty in Robot Navigation Robotics [email protected] Environments Alessandro Saffiotti, Joachim Hertzberg, Gerhard Kraetzschmar, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Track “BUS” BUS-1: Knowledge Management BUS-2: Intelligent Workflow and Process Management: and Organizational Memory The New Frontier for AI in Business AI and Business Rose Dieng, Mamdouh Ibrahim, [email protected] [email protected] Nada Matta, Brian Drabble, [email protected] [email protected]
Track “NLP” NLP-1: Knowledge-Based NLP-2: Knowledge And Document Drafting Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Natural Language L.Karl Branting, Systems [email protected] Jan Alexandersson, Processing James Lester, [email protected] [email protected]
Other Topics EMP: Empirical AI CASA: Computational Auditory SATIS: Non Binary Constraints Achim Hoffmann, Scene Analysis Jean-Charles Regin, [email protected] Frank Klassner, [email protected] [email protected] Wim Nuijten, [email protected]
21 EXHIBITION PROGRAM/ROBOT WORLD CUP IJCAI-99
Exhibition Program
In conjunction with the conference there meeting place for the participants. for Information Technology (SITI) is will be an exhibition illustrating AI tech- Selected companies and research pro- responsible for the exhibition. niques as obvious elements of most tech- jects will participate as exhibitors together Please contact Elisabeth Stahlenius for nologies today. The exhibition will create with some of the most important multi- more information. a stimulating and supporting supplement national industrial companies and pub- E-mail: [email protected] to the conference and make an informal lishers. The Swedish Research Institute
Robot World Cup Soccer Games and Conferences 27 July – 6 August, 1999
REAL ROBOT SMALL LEAGUE LEGGED ROBOTS The Robot World Cup, RoboCup, is an international initiative to foster AI and Teams of up to five real robots of small The RoboCup-99 Sony legged robot intelligent robotics research by provid- size (approximately 15 cm in diameter) league will take place in a carpeted field, ing a standard problem, a soccer game, compete on a 1.525 x 2.74 m field. with landmarks and goals. The game will in which a wide range of technologies be 3 on 3 robots using a small ball. can be integrated and examined. This is the third RoboCup event, and it will be held in Stockholm, Sweden. The com- REAL ROBOT MEDIUM LEAGUE petitions will take place at the City WORKSHOP Conference Center, Stockholm, in Teams of up to five real robots of medium conjunction with the sixteenth Inter- size (approximately 50 cm in diameter) The workshop ABS-4 (see page 21) will national Joint Conference on Artificial compete on a 4.575 x 8.22 m field. present and discuss technical details of the Intelligence (IJCAI-99). robots and software agents that partici- pate in the competition, as well as other research and educational topics related to The first Robot World Cup, RoboCup -97, SIMULATION LEAGUE RoboCup. A post workshop proceedings was held in Nagoya, Japan, in August will be published by Springer-Verlag as a 1997, and included the participation of Software agents play soccer using the sub-line of Lecture Notes on Artificial more than 40 teams. The second Robot RoboCup soccer server simulator, avail- Intelligence (LNAI). Details about paper World Cup, RoboCup-98, was held in able from the RoboCup Web page. The submission will be made available at the Paris, in July 1998, and more than 50 RoboCup Simulator League is a part of RoboCup official Web site. teams participated. IJCAI’s official Challenge Paper Program, For additional information please refer In order for a team of robot agents to where successful results will be reported at to the RoboCup official Web site actually play a soccer game, different tech- IJCAI-99. (http://www.robocup.org/). nologies must be incorporated, including design principles of autonomous agents, multi-agent collaboration, strategy acquisi- tion, real-time reasoning, sensor-fusion, and learning. RoboCup is a task for a team of multiple fast-moving robot agents in a dynamic-nondeterministic, and adversarial environment.
22 IJCAI-99 AFFILIATED EVENTS
Affiliated Events
Workshop on Assembling the Subsystems into International Workshop on Cooperative You can attend workshops in a Whole Information Agents (CIA-99) Copenhagen, Linköping, Stockholm July 29-30, 1999 Roskilde (near Copenhagen) July 31-August 2, 1999 Uppsala, Sweden and Uppsala prior to the main Conference. In Linköping there are The workshop brings together researchers The workshop covers all topics in the three back-to-back workshops. After from classical AI, behavioral AI, artificial research area of intelligent and collaborat- IJCAI-99, you can stay and attend a life, robotics, evolutionary computation ing information agents. Special themes workshop in Stockholm, or you can and neural networks to discuss the issue of include Information Agents in Uncertain continue to meetings in Trondheim or assembling the subsystems into a whole. Environments, Mobile Information Helsinki. Brian Mayoh ([email protected]) Agents, and Advanced Human-Agent Interaction and Virtual Information Spaces. The chair for IJCAI-99 affiliated events is 3rd International Knowledge Retrieval, Use, and Matthias Klusch ([email protected]) Henrik Eriksson, e-mail [email protected]. Storage for Efficiency Symposium (KRUSE’99) More information about each event can be July 26-28, 1999 Linköping, Sweden found in the IJCAI-99 Web pages. As you The symposium provides a forum for CBR by the Norwegian Fjords: Exploring the can see from this overview, there are exploring current research in artificial Data-Knowledge Axis clusters of workshops before and after intelligence, knowledge and databases that August 8-9, 1999 Trondheim, Norway IJCAI-99. pertains to the organization, encoding, Although airfare in Scandinavia can be The workshop brings together researchers inference and retrieval of logical and com- high if you purchase the tickets separately, interested in case-based reasoning. plex objects derived from knowledge. The it is often possible to find affordable pack- Agnar Aamodt ([email protected]) event brings together researchers from age deals. Also, do not forget about other diverse disciplines as well as practitioners means of travel. There are excellent train engaged in developing real knowledge- connections between most of the affiliate- Networks’99 based systems. event cities. For example, it is possible to August 8-10, 1999 Helsinki area, Finland Peter Eklund ([email protected]) get train tickets that include ferry connec- The main theme of the workshop will be tion for traveling from Copenhagen to practical applications of Kohonen’s self- Stockholm. There are also affordable 6th International Workshop on Knowledge organizing maps, Bayesian models, fuzzy cruises between Stockholm and Helsinki. Representation Meets Databases (KRDB’99) logic, evolutionary computation, and case- July 29-30, 1999 Linköping, Sweden based reasoning. The workshop is devoted to facilitate Timo Honkela ([email protected]) SATELLITE WORKSHOPS cross-fertilization between the fields of knowledge representation and databases. Ph.D. Summer School: The Visual Animate 3rd International Workshop on Intelligent Enrico Franconi ([email protected]) Engine Agents for Telecommunication Applications (IATA’99) July 26-30, 1999 Copenhagen, Denmark August 9-11, 1999 Stockholm, Sweden The summer school focuses on models of International Workshop on Description Logics (DL’99) The workshop provides a forum for visual animate engines in the triple point discussing different perspectives and between psychophysics, integral photogra- July 30-August 1, 1999 Linköping, Sweden requirements for telematics and agent- phy, and vision agents in artificial intelli- The workshop is devoted to discussing oriented technology; also, the workshop gence. The summer school is intended for developments and applications of knowl- provides an opportunity for the presenta- Ph.D. students and senior researchers who edge representation formalisms based on tion of state-of-the-art approaches and are interested in entering this field. description logics. techniques in the area of agent-based Jens Arnspang ([email protected]) Patrick Lambrix ([email protected]) telematics services. IATA’99 organizers ([email protected])
23 AFFILIATED EVENTS IJCAI-99
15th Conference on Uncertainty in AI (UAI-99) RELATED CONFERENCES IN THE INDUSTRIAL SIDE EVENT July 30 - August 1, 1999 Stockholm, Sweden NORDIC/BALTIC REGION The conference is a primary international Seminar on Modeling and Simulation Software 11th Scandinavian Conference on Image forum for exchanging results on the use of for Advanced Training Analysis principled uncertain reasoning methods in August 3-4, 1999 Stockholm, Sweden June 7-11, 1999 Kangerlussuaq intelligent systems. The scope of the con- The seminar addresses next generation (Søndre Strømfjord), Greenland ference covers a broad spectrum of modeling and simulation systems for dis- The conference covers topics related to approaches to automated reasoning and tributed training including intelligent agent image analysis, including computer vision, decision making under uncertainty. technologies, high-level software architec- pattern recognition, neural networks, UAI-99 organizers ([email protected]) tures, management of distributed services statistical methods, and remote sensing. and supporting database technology. The The conference will offer internationally seminar, which is organized by SAAB acclaimed speakers in plenary talks and International Congress on Logic Methodology Training Systems Research Council, will and Philosophy of Science XI parallel sessions with selected oral presen- be aimed at researchers and practitioners tations and posters. August 20-26, 1999 Cracow, Poland in the area. Peter Johansen ([email protected]) The congress covers the field of Logic Sture Hägglund ([email protected]) Methodology and Philosophy of Science. There are six logic sections, two sections Artificial Intellligence and Law (ICAIL-99) on general philosophy of science, six sec- June 14-17, 1999 Oslo, Norway tions on philosophical problems related to The conference is concerned with the the sciences, and three sections devoted to investigation of legal reasoning and argu- ethical, historical, and social perspectives mentation using computational methods, on philosophy of science. applications of AI techniques to support LMPS-99 organizing committee tasks in regulated domains, especially legal ([email protected]) systems, and the investigation of AI tech- niques using law as the example domain. Andrew Jones ([email protected])
JAN ASPLUND
This picture shows the exterior of the Vasa Museum which is, according to a survey made in 1996, rated the best museum in Stockholm. The warship Vasa capsized on her maiden voyage, August 10, 1628. On April 24, 1961, the ship broke the water surface again, after 333 years on the bottom of the sea. In the Vasa Museum’s large shiphall stands the care- fully restored ship.This is the only remaining ship of its kind in the world still intact from the 17th century .
24 IJCAI-99 REGISTRATION INFORMATION
Registration Information
Registration may be done in advance IJCAI-99 TECHNICAL PROGRAM ROBOCUP or onsite. Onsite registration will take August 3-6, 1999 place in the City Conference Centre. Participants in RoboCup-99 should regis- Registration hours will be Friday, Your IJCAI-99 technical program registra- ter for IJCAI-99 Technical Program. July 30 from 1.00 pm–6.00 pm, tion includes admission to all technical RoboCup team leaders should also register Saturday July 31–Friday August 6 paper sessions, invited talks, the IJCAI-99 their teams. from 7.30 am–6.00 pm. Additional Exhibition, the IJCAI-99 opening session The team fees including VAT are registration hours will be set up for and reception at Stockholm City Hall, and RoboCup participants. Please refer to the IJCAI-99 Conference Proceedings. Simulation League SEK 2500 the IJCAI -99 web pages for further 1 USD is approx. 8 SEK. Real Robot Leagues SEK 5000 information. Advance registration can be done Technical Program Fees including 25 % VAT either via the web or with the enclosed Early Late Onsite IJCAI-99 DINNER registration form for the Conference, Regular SEK 4250 SEK 5000 SEK 5750 for the Social Program, and for making Student SEK 1250 SEK 1500 SEK 1750 The fee for the dinner is SEK 600 includ- hotel reservations in Stockholm during ing VAT. For more information, see page the Conference. 29. TUTORIAL PROGRAM Registration for the City Hall reception must be marked on the form in order to August 1-2, 1999 ACCOMPANYING PERSONS obtain a ticket. The reception is included Your tutorial program registration in the technical program fee. A restriction Accompanying persons are entitled to includes admission to one tutorial, the in the number of participants on certain attend the Opening Ceremony and the IJCAI-99 Exhibition, and one tutorial syl- tours and events might be necessary. Reception and the IJCAI-99 Exhibition. labus. Prices quoted are per tutorial. A Please note that registration for the vari- The registration fee for an accompany- maximum of four tutorials may be taken. ous tours and events will be confirmed on ing person is SEK 600 including VAT. City Hall reception is not included. a first-come-first-served basis as payments 1 USD is approx. 8 SEK. are received. ACCOMMODATIONS All prices include 25% VAT and are in Tutorial Fees including 25 % VAT Swedish crowns, SEK. The VAT will be A number of rooms in different price cate- repaid to foreign enterprises, except com- Early Late Onsite gories have been booked in Stockholm at panies providing health care, banks and Regular SEK 1850 SEK 2300 SEK 2300 preferential rates for the Conference. insurance companies. For the recovery of Student SEK 750 SEK 950 SEK 950 The prices below include VAT and VAT, receipts or other documents of pay- breakfast. ments must be attached to an application form. Members in the European Union Single room Double room WORKSHOP PROGRAM should add a VAT Registration Certificate, Category A SEK 1600-2000 SEK 1900-2400 members outside the European Union July 31 - August 2, 1999 Category B SEK 850-1600 SEK 1200-1900 should add a Cooperation Certificate Workshop registration is limited to those Category C SEK 680-850 SEK 945-1200 Registration. The VAT application form active participants determined by the and information about how to fill it in workshop organizer prior to the confer- Hotel accommodation will be reserved will be available at the Symposium ence. when the registration form, together with Secretariat at the registration desk. the hotel deposit (see form) has been Should you require more information Workshop Fees including 25 % VAT received by Congrex. Congrex reserves the about VAT before the Conference, you are right to book another hotel category if the welcome to contact: Workshop Fee SEK 500 desired accommodation should be fully Deloitte & Touche Sweden AB TTS Tax Transfer Service Individuals must pay the IJCAI Technical booked. The deposit will be deducted P.O. Box 10152 Program registration fee in addition to the from the hotel bill upon presentation SE-121 26 Stockholm-Globen workshop fee for each workshop. of the participants’ personal voucher, Sweden
Early registration fees must be paid by June 1, 1999. Late registration fees must be paid by July 1, 1999. ! From July 1, 1999, onsite registration fees are applied. !
25 REGISTRATION INFORMATION IJCAI-99
which will be issued upon registration in • Transfer to S-E-Banken (Skandinaviska CANCELLATIONS Stockholm. Hotel reservations should be Enskilda Banken), SE-106 40 Stock- made on the registration form. For pay- holm, Sweden, SWIFT-code: ESSESESS, Cancellations of registration ment details, see next section. Hotels in account No. 5267-10 216 90, in SEK Notification of cancellation must be sent the city are safe, clean and well-kept. This to Congrex, Attn: IJCAI , P.O. Box in writing to Congrex. Cancellations of is also true for smaller and cheaper hotels. 5619, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden. registrations will be accepted until June IJCAI-99 Headquarter Hotel will be • Holders of American Express, Visa or 15th 1999, up to which date the total Sheraton, price single SEK 1875, double Eurocard/Mastercard may use their amount will be refunded less SEK 500 for SEK 2175, executive SEK 2175/2375. cards for charging all costs. Please administrative expenses. We regret that no Distance to City Conference Centre from indicate card number, expiry date, refunds can be made for cancellations Sheraton is about a 7-10 minute walk. and precise name of card holder on received after June 15th 1999. RoboCup-99 Headquarter Hotel will the registration form. be Wallin Hotel in the same block as City • Scandinavian residents may pay by Cancellation of hotel reservation Conference Centre, price single SEK 655, bank and postal giro transfer. Bank Notification of cancellation must be sent souble SEK 855. giro 224-7021, Postal giro 9052-2. in writing to Congrex. Cancellation of any Youth Hostel Accommodation Registration paid after the early registra- hotel reservation will be accepted until June 15th 1999 with the total amount If you are interested in information about tion deadline, June 1 1999 will be subject to late registration fees. Registration paid refunded. We regret that the hotel deposit Youth Hostel accommodation, please indi- cannot be refunded after June 15th 1999. cate this on the registration form. after the late registration deadline July 1, 1999 will be subject to on site registration If you wish to book a bed in a youth Cancellation of social events hostel, please indicate whether you are fees. Hotels can be reserved during the Notification of cancellations must be sent male or female on the registration form. whole period, also onsite. in writing to Congrex (please see address The price varies between SEK 185-250 per Student registration must be accompa- above). Cancellation of social events will bed. Breakfast, sheets and towels are not nied by proof of full-time student status, be accepted until June 30 1999, and the included in the price, but can be provided such as copy of current student ID-card. total amount will be refunded. For cancel- at the youth hostel for a small charge. Please complete the enclosed registra- lations received after June 30, 1999 and Youth hostel places will be reserved when tion form and send it together with your up to two days before the start of the the registration form together with a hos- payment to: Conference, the payments will be refunded tel deposit of SEK 200 has been received Congrex Sweden AB less 50%. After that no refund will be by Congrex. Attn: IJCAI-99 P.O. Box 5619 given. SE-114 86 STOCKHOLM PAYMENT INFORMATION SWEDEN Disclaimer Fax number +46 8 661 91 25 The Organizing Committee and Congrex Payment should be made in advance by The form is also available on the IJCAI-99 Sweden AB accept no liability for injuries/ one of the following means: web page. For more information about losses of any nature incurred by partici- • Banker’s Draft, which should be sent web registration please refer to pants and/or accompanying persons, nor together with the registration form by http://ijcai.org/ijcai-99 for loss or damage to their luggage and/or ordinary mail. The Banker’s Draft Note that the instructions for payment are personal belongings. should be purchased at your bank and to be applied also when registering via the made out in SEK to Congrex, Attn: web. IJCAI-99. Cross the draft for safety Tours, events and hotel reservations reasons. We regret that we are unable will be confirmed only when payment has to accept personal, company or Euro been received by Congrex. cheques.
IMPORTANT ADDRESSES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS
Registration, hotel booking, social events and general information Information about the conference program All matters regarding registration, hotel booking, social events and Inquiries about the conference program will be handled by general information are handled by Congrex Sweden AB. the Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stock- holm University and Royal Institute of Technology (DSV). Before and after the Conference: During the Conference all inquires to: Attn. DSV, IJCAI-99 Phone: +46 8 16 1612 Congrex Sweden AB City Conference Centre Electrum 230 Fax: +46 8 703 9025 Attn. IJCAI 99 Attn. IJCAI 99 SE-164 40 Kista Fax: +46 8 703 9025 P.O. Box 5619 Barnhusgatan 12-14 Sweden E-mail: [email protected] SE-114 86 STOCKHOLM SE 107 26 STOCKHOLM Sweden Sweden World Wide Web Phone: +46 8 459 66 00 Phone: + 46 8 506 166 00 Fax: +46 8 661 91 25 Fax: + 46 8 468 10 90 71 For the latest information about the Conference, please E-mail: [email protected] visit the Conference homepage at: http://www.ijcai.org/ijcai-99
26 IJCAI-99 LOCATION AND TRAVEL
Location and Travel
Airport and Air Transportation Public Transportation center of Stockholm, at walking distance All international flights to Stockholm Stockholm’s public transportation system from the Central Railway Station and Air arrive at Arlanda Airport. is safe, very efficient and convenient. It Bus Terminal (see map on brochure cover Airport buses leave Arlanda Airport consists of buses, trains and underground. page). every 5-10 minutes for the City Terminal In the city, hotels, museums, shops and Norra Latin, the magnificent old gram- in central Stockholm. The bus ride takes restaurants are generally within walking mar school in Florentine Reinassance style approximately 45 minutes and costs SEK distance, which makes Stockholm an ideal from 1880, has recently been renovated. 60 (January 1999). The City Conference city for strolls. It now offers all conference amenities and Centre is within a few minutes walking provides an excellent setting for IJCAI-99. distance from the City Terminal. You will Venue Visas also find taxis just outside the Arrival Hall The 16th International Joint Conference at Arlanda. Most taxi companies have a on Artifical Intelligence will be held at A visa for entering Sweden is required fixed rate of SEK 400 (January 1999) City Conference Centre (please see page from certain countries. Please check with from Arlanda Airport to central Stock- 26 for complete address). City Conference the Swedish Consulate in your home holm (the price from Stockholm to Arlan- Centre/Norra Latin, is one of Europe’s country for further information. da is 435 SEK). It is strongly recommend- largest and most beautiful congress and ed to ask the price before entering a taxi. conference facilities. It is located in the
JAN ASPLUND
STOCKHOLM GLOBE ARENA for sports and cultural events was built during 1986-88. It is one of the world’s largest, spherical buildings and will seat maximum 15,000 people.
27 GENERAL INFORMATION IJCAI-99
General Information on Venue
STOCKHOLM – BEAUTY ON WATER tour will be held at the Wasa Museum on CURRENCY Stockholm – the Royal Capital of Sweden August 3. There will be a one hour cruise The official currency is Swedish Krona – is one of the most beautiful cities in the through the archipelago ending with (SEK). USD 1 = Approx. SEK 8. world. It is situated on 14 islands and IJCAI-99 Dinner at Vaxholm Fortress on (December 1998). laced by water so clean that you can fish August 4. and swim in it right in the middle of the Stockholm is also one of the communi- TIPPING city. cation hubs and economical and cultural Stockholm became the capital of Swe- centres of the Nordic area. Arlanda Air- When buying services in Sweden such as; den 700 years ago, and is today a modern port handles some 200 flights daily to and restaurants, hotels, sightseeing, etc., city with more than 1 million inhabitants. from 40 countries on 5 continents. There tipping is not required. In the picturesque winding alleyways of are direct flights from most major cities in the city’s medieval Old Town section, the Europe and from the large cities in the U.S RESTAURANT COSTS very air is redolent with history. The Old and easy connections from the rest of the Town is well known for its excellent world. Lunch Dinner Stockholm is like a Swedish Smörgås- restaurants and shopping facilities, and Fast food 35-45 50-100 within a few minutes’ walking distance is bord – it has everything. Economy 55-65 250 (3 dishes) the throbbing pulse of a modern city. An optional guided tour will be held August 2. Deluxe 85-150 400-500 (3 dishes) Since 1901 the city has been the venue CLIMATE AND DRESS Breakfast is normally included in hotel of the Nobel Prize Ceremony (see picture The weather in Stockholm at this time of prices. on brochure cover), the most prestigious the year is usually somewhat sunny with of all meetings – and indeed the city temperatures around 21° C (70° F). An makes a fitting venue. The reasons are umbrella might be useful as showers can TAX-FREE basic; facilities and experience are excel- occur. Dress will be informal throughout Non-European Union citizens have tax- lent, the city’s infrastructure is good and the Conference. free shopping privileges for goods that are it is a safe place to be. packed and sealed in the shop, and that The city offers many attractive options TIME ZONE are meant for use outside the border of for visitors. Perhaps the most breathtaking Sweden. You get a form when you make scenery of all awaits visitors to the archi- The time zone in Stockholm is the purchase, and when you leave the pelago, which with 24,000 islands is one GMT + 1 hour. country, most of the VAT is refunded. of the largest archipelagos in the world. Why not take a steamship trip out there? BANKS AND POST OFFICES You can be away all day or just a few TOURIST INFORMATION hours. If you are interested in history you Most banks open at 09.30 and close The Conference Secretariat will be most can visit the famous Open Air Museum or between 15.00 and 16.30. Post offices are happy to give you more information about the Wasa Museum. An optional guided generally open between 09.00 and 18.00 Stockholm, book tour tickets, and make restaurant reservations or assist you in any other way during your stay in Stockholm. You can also contact the Stockholm ASPLUND Information Service: JAN P.O. Box 7542, SE-103 93 Stockholm, Phone: +46 8 789 24 00, Fax: +46 8 789 24 50. Visiting address in Stockholm: Hamngatan 27, Sweden house.
PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE ORGANIZER Congrex Sweden AB has been appointed Professional Conference Organizer. Congrex Partnership is an international group of professional conference manage- ment companies with offices in Europe, North America, Latin America and Pacific Asia.
28 IJCAI-99 SOCIAL PROGRAM
Social Program (All prices include VAT)
good restaurants and entertainment. Second Waldermarsudde, which was FOR PARTICIPANTS AND The tour starts at 2 pm and lasts for once the home of Prince Eugen, the ACCOMPANYING PERSONS 1 1/2 to 2 hours. “Painter Prince”. His house, which con- tains his art collection, is now a museum MONDAY 2 AUGUST, 5 PM MONDAY 2 AUGUST offering the informal charm of a private Opening Ceremony and Welcome Reception A Walk in Gamla Stan (the Old Town) home. The tour starts at 9.30 am and lasts for 3 hours. Opening Ceremony in City Conference Price per person SEK 140. Centre followed by Welcome Reception at A guided walk through Gamla Stan, THURSDAY 5 AUGUST the Stockholm City Hall hosted by the Stockholm’s heart. This is the island on City of Stockholm. The Ceremony and which Stockholm was originally built at Drottningholm Palace reception is included in the technical pro- the beginning of the 13th century. Stroll Price per person SEK 310. gram fee and fee for accompanying per- down the narrow streets and discover Drottningholm Palace, just outside Stock- sons. breathtaking sights and fascinating build- holm, dates from the 17th century and is ings. The two most dominant buildings on modelled on Versailles. Today, the palace WEDNESDAY 4 AUGUST Gamla Stan are Stockholm Cathedral, with its magnificent park is The Royal Dinner at Vaxholm Fortress built in 1267 and therefore the oldest Family’s residence. The Court Theatre is Price per person SEK 600. church in Stockholm, and the Royal one of the oldest in the world still in use. Palace where the King and Queen still It is the only theatre that uses the original Boats will take you from the city’s center hold their official receptions and banquets. stage scenery from the 18th century. The at 6 pm for a one-hour cruise through The tour starts at 2 pm in Gamla Stan at tour starts at 1 pm and lasts for 3 1/2 the Stockholm Archipelago ending at Slottsbacken, by the Obelisk, and lasts for hours. Vaxholm Fortress. Upon arrival you will 2 hours. be served a traditional Swedish dinner in ancient historic surroundings. TUESDAY 3 AUGUST PRE CONFERENCE TOUR TO THE Swedish king Gustav Vasa decided that The Vasa Museum MIDNIGHT SUN, NORTHERN SWEDEN the Fortress should be built and the work began on the original structure in 1548, Price per person SEK 155. JULY 28 – JULY 30, 1999 but there were many alterations over the Enjoy a piece of Swedish history at the centuries. The present-day fortifications spectacular Vasa Museum, one of Price, see end of this section. date back to 1863, and the mighty walls Stockholm’s main attractions. The royal Wednesday, July 28 are built from 30,000 solid granite blocks. warship Vasa sank on her maiden voyage Departure from central Stockholm at 8 am The fortress has been attacked twice, by inside Stockholm Harbor, in 1628. After for Kiruna, situated 200 km north of the the Danish navy in 1612 and by the Russ- 333 years underwater, she was raised from Arctic Circle. Transfer to the small village ian navy in 1719. her watery grave in 1961, and after sever- of Jukkasjärvi. You will then go on to the The courtyard, that was originally the al years of restoration she has now been activity of your choice. place for military drilling, is now a place moved to her final resting place in the for events, theatre and music. Today the spectacular museum. A guide will give a Activity 1 - Historical Tour and a Visit to the Space Centre Fortress is an exciting and popular tourist fascinating account about the Vasa and attraction. what life was like onboard a warship in Guided tour of the beautiful church in The number of tickets for the Dinner the 17th century. The tour starts at 10 am Jukkasjärvi, built in 1608. The next visit is are restricted and will be distributed on a and lasts for 2 hours. to the Lappish Museum. We close the day first-come-first-served basis. by visiting the most northern-situated WEDNESDAY 4 AUGUST space centre “Esrange”. Art Tour Activity 2 - River Rafting (minimum 6 partici- OPTIONAL TOURS pants) Price per person SEK 275. Coach transfer to Aha-Mukka by the This tour will take you to two beautiful SUNDAY 1 AUGUST Torne River. Reach Pirtilathi by rubber art museums in Stockholm. Introduction to Stockholm – A Sightseeing Tour rafts and return transfer to Jukkasjärvi. First Millesgården, with its fountains, Price per person SEK 135. After dinner at the Inn in Jukkasjärvi a terraces and magnificent view of Stock- guided tour along one of Sweden’s most The best way of getting to know a city holm, which was the home of the great beautiful roads, Nordkalottvägen, will quickly is to go on a sightseeing tour by Swedish sculptor Carl Milles (1875-1955). follow. The road was inaugurated in 1984 bus. This tour gives you an overall view of He is famous for his dramatic and techni- and goes between Kiruna and Narvik in Stockholm. While passing well-known cally daring work. A number of Milles’ Norway. Although late in the evening, it buildings, museums, and parks, your guide works are displayed in the beautiful will be full daylight. will tell you about shopping facilities, garden overlooking the sea.
29 SOCIAL PROGRAMME / NEXT IJCAI CONFERENCE IJCAI-99
Thursday, July 29 man destroyer sunk by the Allies. Coach class), meals, guides, sightseeing tours, In the morning you will visit the famous transfer back to Hotel Riksgränsen. evening entertainment and all arrange- photographer Sven Hörnell to see a beau- ments during the tour. Please observe that tiful slide show showing the eight seasons Friday, July 30 a limited number of tickets are booked for of Lapland. After lunch we will make a Departure for Kiruna. When you arrive at this tour. Reservation must be received by train ride along the old railway construct- Rensjön you will be welcomed by the Lap- Congrex no later that April 20, 1998. ed between 1898 and 1903. Get off the lander Nils-Anders and his family. In the After this date, reservations will be made train at the small mountain station Katter- large lap-hut Nils-Anders will tell you upon request. at in Norway to walk one of Scandinavia’s about the Lapps, their lives, history, and most spectacular trails. It is a 2-hours culture while a light typical lunch is Please register for the social program walk (6 km) following the old construc- served. After lunch you will continue on the registration form. Tickets will tion railroad used by the workers at the towards Kiruna for departure to Stock- be distributed on a first-come-first- turn of the century. Arrival at Rombakks- holm. Arrival appr. 3 pm in Stockholm. served basis. botn. It was in these areas that one of the Congrex reserves the right to cancel largest sea battles was fought during any of the tours if the number of par- PRICE World War II. At Rombakksbotn a Nor- ticipants should be too small. Full wegian seafood feast has been prepared in Price per person in double room SEK 10.500. refund is then made. Single room supplement per night SEK 660. the remains of one of the old houses. A chartered boat will pick you up and The price includes: transfer from Stock- among other things you will pass a Ger- holm to the airport, air fare (economy
Next IJCAI Conference
For further information contact one of the Local Arrangements Chair, IJCAI-2001 IJCAI-2001, SEATTLE, USA following: James E. Hoard AUGUST 3–10, 2001 The Boeing Company Conference Chair, IJCAI-2001 P.O. Box 3707; MS 7L-43 IJCAI-2001, the Seventeenth International Prof. Hector Levesque Seattle, WA 98124-2207, USA Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science Tel: +1-206-865-3262 Fax: +1-206-865-2965 University of Toronto will be held August 3 through August 10 Pratt Building, Room 283 Ms. Carol Hamilton, AAAI, in Seattle, USA. It is sponsored by the 6 King’s College Road 445 Burgess Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA International Joint Conferences on Toronto, ON M5S 3H5, Canada Tel: +1-650-328-3123 Fax: +1-650-321-4457 Artificial Intelligence, Inc. (IJCAII) and co- Tel: +1-416-978 3618 Fax: +1-416-978 1455 Secretary-Treasurer IJCAI-2001 sponsored by AAAI (American Association Program Chair, IJCAI-2001 Dr. Ronald J. Brachman for Artificial Intelligence). Prof. Bernhard Nebel AT&T Labs-Research Institut für Informatik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität 180 Park Avenue, Room A221 Am Flughafen 17, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany P.O. Box 971 Florham Park, NJ 07932-0971, USA Tel: +49-761-203 8221 Fax: +49-761-203 8222 Tel: +1-973-360 8300 Fax: +1-973-360 8896
IJCAI-99 Conference Officials
CONFERENCE CHAIR CONFERENCE ARRANGEMENTS CHAIR LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS CHAIR Prof. Luigia Carlucci Aiello Prof. Anita Kollerbaur Prof. Carl Gustaf Jansson Dipartimento di Informatica Stockholm University and Stockholm University and e Sistemistica Royal Institute of Technology Royal Institute of Technology Università di Roma, “La Sapienza” Department of Computer and (see Conference Arrangements Chair) Via Salaria 113, 00198 Roma, ITALY Systems Sciences Tel: +39 06 884 1947 Fax: +39 06 85300849 Electrum 230, SE-164 40 Kista, SWEDEN SECRETARY-TREASURER E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +46 8 16 1619 Fax: +46 8 703 9025 Dr. Ronald J. Brachman E-mail: [email protected] AT&T Labs-Research PROGRAM CHAIR NORDIC IJCAI SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY 180 Park Avenue, Room A221 Prof. Thomas Dean COMMITTEE CHAIR P.O. Box 971 Florham Park NJ 07932-0971, USA Brown University Prof. Erik Sandewall Tel: +1-973-360 8300 Department of Computer Science Linköping University Fax: +1-973-360 8896 Box 1910, Providence, RI 02912, USA Department of Computer and Information Science Tel: +1 401 863 7645 Fax: +1 401 863 7657 S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +46 13 28 14 08 Fax: +46 13 28 58 68 E-mail [email protected]
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