IJCAI-99 Program Pages 3-30
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Deduction Systems Based on Resolution, We Limit the Following Considerations to Transition Systems Based on Analytic Calculi
Author’s Address Norbert Eisinger European Computer–Industry Research Centre, ECRC Arabellastr. 17 D-8000 M¨unchen 81 F. R. Germany [email protected] and Hans J¨urgen Ohlbach Max–Planck–Institut f¨ur Informatik Im Stadtwald D-6600 Saarbr¨ucken 11 F. R. Germany [email protected] Publication Notes This report appears as chapter 4 in Dov Gabbay (ed.): ‘Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, Volume I: Logical Foundations’. It will be published by Oxford University Press, 1992. Fragments of the material already appeared in chapter two of Bl¨asis & B¨urckert: Deduction Systems in Artificial Intelligence, Ellis Horwood Series in Artificial Intelligence, 1989. A draft version has been published as SEKI Report SR-90-12. The report is also published as an internal technical report of ECRC, Munich. Acknowledgements The writing of the chapters for the handbook has been a highly coordinated effort of all the people involved. We want to express our gratitude for their many helpful contributions, which unfortunately are impossible to list exhaustively. Special thanks for reading earlier drafts and giving us detailed feedback, go to our second reader, Bob Kowalski, and to Wolfgang Bibel, Elmar Eder, Melvin Fitting, Donald W. Loveland, David Plaisted, and J¨org Siekmann. Work on this chapter started when both of us were members of the Markgraf Karl group at the Universit¨at Kaiserslautern, Germany. With our former colleagues there we had countless fruitful discus- sions, which, again, cannot be credited in detail. During that time this research was supported by the “Sonderforschungsbereich 314, K¨unstliche Intelligenz” of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). -
Adoption Des Déclarations Rétrospectives De Valeur Universelle Exceptionnelle
Patrimoine mondial 40 COM WHC/16/40.COM/8E.Rev Paris, 10 juin 2016 Original: anglais / français ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L’ÉDUCATION, LA SCIENCE ET LA CULTURE CONVENTION CONCERNANT LA PROTECTION DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL, CULTUREL ET NATUREL COMITE DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL Quarantième session Istanbul, Turquie 10 – 20 juillet 2016 Point 8 de l’ordre du jour provisoire : Etablissement de la Liste du patrimoine mondial et de la Liste du patrimoine mondial en péril. 8E: Adoption des Déclarations rétrospectives de valeur universelle exceptionnelle RESUME Ce document présente un projet de décision concernant l’adoption de 62 Déclarations rétrospectives de valeur universelle exceptionnelle soumises par 18 États parties pour les biens n’ayant pas de Déclaration de valeur universelle exceptionnelle approuvée à l’époque de leur inscription sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial. L’annexe contient le texte intégral des Déclarations rétrospectives de valeur universelle exceptionnelle dans la langue dans laquelle elles ont été soumises au Secrétariat. Projet de décision : 40 COM 8E, voir Point II. Ce document annule et remplace le précédent I. HISTORIQUE 1. La Déclaration de valeur universelle exceptionnelle est un élément essentiel, requis pour l’inscription d’un bien sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial, qui a été introduit dans les Orientations devant guider la mise en oeuvre de la Convention du patrimoine mondial en 2005. Tous les biens inscrits depuis 2007 présentent une telle Déclaration. 2. En 2007, le Comité du patrimoine mondial, dans sa décision 31 COM 11D.1, a demandé que les Déclarations de valeur universelle exceptionnelle soient rétrospectivement élaborées et approuvées pour tous les biens du patrimoine mondial inscrits entre 1978 et 2006. -
Museums in Stockholm
Museums in Stockholm PHOTO: OLA ERICSON FOR THE LATEST UPDATES ON STOCKHOLM, VISIT THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE VISITSTOCKHOLM.COM Museums in Stockholm BERGIANSKA TRÄDGÅRDEN BERGIUS BOTANIC GARDEN Discover Stockholm´s museums with their world-class collections, pioneering exhibitions and extraordinary historical objects. Botanical garden beautifully situated at Lake Brunnsviken. A paradise for plant enthusiasts with thousands of trees, shrubs and herbs from around the world. Exotic, heat-loving plants thrive in the Victoria House and Edvard Anderson Conservatory. AQUARIA VATTENMUSEUM Café, shop and restaurant. AQUARIA WATER MUSEUM Opening hours: The Park daily. Edvard Anderson Conservatory: Oct-Mar Mon- Fri 11am- 4pm, Sat- Sun Falkenbergsgatan 2. Djurgården 11am-5pm Apr-Sep daily 11am- 5pm. www.aquaria.se The Victoria House: May-Sep Mon- Fri 11am- 4pm, Sat-Sun 11am-5pm. ARKITEKTURMUSEUM Metro station: Universitetet, Bus:40 MUSEUM OF ARCHITECTURE Bergianska trädgården All you need to know about Swedish architecture and construction from +46 (0) 8 545 91 700 the 19th century until today. Exhibitions featuring drawings, models, design www.bergianska.se and examples of sustainable urban development. Take a tour and participate in creative activities for children on Sundays. Library, BIOLOGISKA MUSEET collections, book store and café. BIOLOGICAL MUSEUM Opening hours: Tues 10am- 8pm, Wed-Sun Lejonslätten, Djurgården 10am-6pm. www.biologiskamuseet.com Metro station: Kungsträdgården Bus: 2, 55, 62, 65, 76 Skeppsholmen BONNIERS KONSTHALL +46 (0) 8 587 270 00 BONNIERS CONTEMPORARY ART www.arkitekturmuseet.se Torsgatan 19. Norrmalm ARMÉMUSEUM www.bonnierskonsthall.se ARMY MUSEUM CARL ELDHS ATELJÉMUSEUM Riddargatan 13. Östermalm CARL ELDH’S STUDIO MUSEUM www.armemuseum.se Lögebodavägen 10. -
Enlightened Monarchy” in Practice
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto “Enlightened Monarchy” in Practice. Reforms, Ceremonies, Self-Fashioning and the Entanglement of Ideals and Values in Late Eighteenth-Century Sweden Henrika Tandefelt This article sets out to study the entanglement of different political, ideological and moral ideals and traditions in the Kingship of Gustav III, King of Sweden 1772–1792. Political thinking and practice in Eighteenth-Century Europe offered many elements and examples that different monarchs could apply in their own particular circumstances. Gustav III was one of the European Kings that openly supported the French enlightened thinkers fashioning himself as a Reformer-King. He was also very influenced by the French culture over all, and the culture of the traditional royal court in particular. In addition the Swedish political history with a fifty-year period of decreased royal power before the coup d’état of Gustav III in 1772 influenced how the European trends and traditions were put into practice. The article pursues to understand the way different elements were bound up together and put to action by the King in his coup d’état 1772, his law reforms in the 1770s and in the establishment of a court of appeal in the town Vasa in Ostrobothnia in 1776 and the ceremonial, pictorial and architectural projects linked to this. In this article I examine what has been called the enlightened absolutism of the Swedish king Gustav III (1746–1792) during his reign of 1772–1792. Gustav III’s reign began with a royal coup d’état in August 1772 and ended with the king being murdered during a masquerade ball at the Royal Opera in Stockholm in March 1792. -
Toward Memory-Based Reasoning
SPECIAL ISSUE Articles TOWARD MEMORY-BASED REASONING The intensive use of memory to recall specific episodes from the past rather than rules-should be the foundation of machine reasoning. CRAIG STANFILL and DAVID WALTZ The traditional assumption in artificial intelligence reasoning warrants further experimentation. Two (AI) is that most expert knowledge ·is encoded in the bodies of evidence have led us to support this form of rules. We consider the phenomenon of rea hypothesis. The first is the study of cognition: It is soning from memories of specific episodes, however, difficult to conceive of thought without memory. to be the foundation of an intelligent system, rather The second is the inability of AI to achieve success than an adj unct to some other reasoning method. in any broad domain or to effectively capture the This theory contrasts with much of the current notion of "common sense," much of which, we be work in similarity-based learning, which tacitly lieve, is based on essentially undigested memories of assumes that learning is equivalent to the automatic past experience. generation of rules, and differs from work on We will primarily discuss the application of our "explanation-based" and "case-based" reasoning in hypothesis to the limited case of similarity-based in that it does not depend on having a strong domain duction. The goal of similarity-based induction is to model. make decisions by looking for patterns in data. This With the development of new parallel architec .approach has been studied extensively in the con tures, specifically the Connection Machine@ system, text of "similarity-based learning," which uses ob the operations necessary to implement this approach served patterns in the data to create classification . -
Gustav V, King of Sweden (1858-1950) by Tina Gianoulis
Gustav V, King of Sweden (1858-1950) by Tina Gianoulis Encyclopedia Copyright © 2015, glbtq, Inc. Entry Copyright © 2005, glbtq, inc. Reprinted from http://www.glbtq.com A photograph of Crown Prince Gustav V of Sweden created in 1874. The last Swedish king to exert direct power over his nation's government, King Gustav Gustav ascended to the V was a memorable personality and a bisexual. Though his reign ended under a cloud throne in 1907. of scandal, he was instrumental in keeping his country neutral through two devastating world wars, passing progressive social legislation, and maintaining economic prosperity. Oscar Gustaf Adolf, who would later become Gustav, or Gustavus V, was born on June 16, 1858, in Stockholm's magnificent Drottningholm Palace. He was the eldest son of Oscar II, King of Sweden and Norway, which were united under one monarch until 1905, when Norway asserted its independence. Though a member of the royal house of Bernadotte, Crown Prince Gustaf was an unassuming young man who did not value regal pretensions. He was educated at the University of Uppsala. On a trip to Britain in 1878, he learned the game of tennis, which became a life-long passion. He often played incognito, under the pseudonym "Mr. G." In 1881, Crown Prince Gustaf married Victoria of Baden, a political union that united the Bernadottes with the former Swedish royal house of Vasa. Though they had three sons, the couple did not have a close relationship. Victoria's health was not good and she spent many months each year at the Swedish resort island of Solliden, Öland or on Capri in Italy. -
Origins of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence
AI Magazine Volume 26 Number 4 (2006)(2005) (© AAAI) 25th Anniversary Issue The Origins of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) Raj Reddy ■ This article provides a historical background on how AAAI came into existence. It provides a ratio- nale for why we needed our own society. It pro- vides a list of the founding members of the com- munity that came together to establish AAAI. Starting a new society comes with a whole range of issues and problems: What will it be called? How will it be financed? Who will run the society? What kind of activities will it engage in? and so on. This article provides a brief description of the consider- ations that went into making the final choices. It also provides a description of the historic first AAAI conference and the people that made it happen. The Background and the Context hile the 1950s and 1960s were an ac- tive period for research in AI, there Wwere no organized mechanisms for the members of the community to get together and share ideas and accomplishments. By the early 1960s there were several active research groups in AI, including those at Carnegie Mel- lon University (CMU), the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University, Stanford Research Institute (later SRI Interna- tional), and a little later the University of Southern California Information Sciences Insti- tute (USC-ISI). My own involvement in AI began in 1963, when I joined Stanford as a graduate student working with John McCarthy. After completing my Ph.D. in 1966, I joined the faculty at Stan- ford as an assistant professor and stayed there until 1969 when I left to join Allen Newell and Herb Simon at Carnegie Mellon University Raj Reddy. -
Practical Information and Accessibility
Practical information and accessibility The Royal Palace, Drottningholm Palace, the Chinese Pavilion, Gripsholm Castle and Tullgarn Palace café Storage lockers are not available There are no storage lockers or other baggage storage facilities at any of the palaces. N.B. Inside the palaces, bags and rucksacks must be worn on the front of the body, in full view. This also apples to baby carriers. Suitcases are not allowed inside the palaces. Toilets The Royal Palace: Toilets are available at the ticket and information counter in the Outer Courtyard. A toilet ticket is included in the entry ticket for the Royal Palace. A charge of SEK 10 applies for non-ticket holders. Drottningholm Palace: Toilets are located in the Main Guard Wing and at the Chinese Pavilion café. The Chinese Pavilion: Toilets are located below the Chinese Pavilion café. Gripsholm Castle: Toilets are located in the courtyard. Tullgarn Restaurant: Toilets are located at the visitors’ car park. Lifts There are no lifts at Drottningholm Palace, the Chinese Pavilion or Gripsholm Castle. At the Royal Palace, there is a lift to some of the Reception Rooms. Please ask ticket desk staff at the West Gate for assistance with the lift. N.B. There is no lift to the Look at the rugs – find me exhibition featuring the works of Märta Måås-Fjetterström in the Hall of State. Groups Our guided tours have been cancelled, and we are unable to accept groups until further notice. External guides are not permitted to carry out guided tours inside the palaces. Payment The Royal Palace: Card payments at all tills. -
Cover to the IJCAI-99 Registration Brochure Pages 1-2 and 31-32
TONI SICA/PRESSENS BILD The Nobel Prize has been awarded since 1901 on December 10, which is the day of death of its donor, Alfred Nobel. The picture shows José Saramago who has just received from the hands of the Swedish King, the literature prize for 1998. Additional Nobel Prizes include awards for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine and the Peace Prize. Since 1964 a prize in Economy established in memory of Alfred Nobel, has been donated by the Bank of Sweden. For further information Conference Arrangements Chair: Prof. Anita Kollerbaur Stockholm University and Royal Institute of Technology Department of Computer and Systems Sciences Electrum 230 SE-164 40 Kista, SWEDEN Tel: +46 8 16 4994 (SECRETARY) Fax: +46 8 703 9025 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.ijcai.org/ijcai-99 Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Registration Brochure 31 July – 6 August 1999, Stockholm, Sweden Sponsored by IJCAII and the Scandinavian AI Societies The Conference Installation Norra Latin was earlier a high school. This elegantly renovated school house HANSSON is now one of Sweden’s top conference installations. This is where the major LARS part of the IJCAI-99 conference will take place. Stockholm’s City Hall is located in the center of town on the shore of Lake Mälaren. City Hall is where Stockholm’s political leadership work. Here you can also find large, exclusive recep- tion rooms. The largest are “Blå Hallen” (The Blue Lounge) and “Gyllene Salen” (The Golden Room). City Hall was built during 1911-1923. IJCAI participants are invited to attend a reception in Blå Hallen on August 2. -
The Combined KEAPPA - IWIL Workshops Proceedings
The Combined KEAPPA - IWIL Workshops Proceedings Proceedings of the workshops Knowledge Exchange: Automated Provers and Proof Assistants and The 7th International Workshop on the Implementation of Logics held at The 15th International Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning November 23-27, 2008, Doha, Qatar Knowledge Exchange: Automated Provers and Proof Assistants (KEAPPA) Existing automated provers and proof assistants are complementary, to the point that their cooperative integration would benefit all efforts in automating reasoning. Indeed, a number of specialized tools incorporating such integration have been built. The issue is, however, wider, as we can envisage cooper- ation among various automated provers as well as among various proof assistants. This workshop brings together practitioners and researchers who have experimented with knowledge exchange among tools supporting automated reasoning. Organizers: Piotr Rudnicki, Geoff Sutcliffe The 7th International Workshop on the Implementation of Logics (IWIL) IWIL has been unusually sucessful in bringing together many talented developers, and thus in sharing information about successful implementation techniques for automated reasoning systems and similar programs. The workshop includes contributions describing implementation techniques for and imple- mentations of automated reasoning programs, theorem provers for various logics, logic programming systems, and related technologies. Organizers: Boris Konev, Renate Schmidt, Stephan Schulz Copyright c 2008 for the individual papers by the papers’ authors. Copying permitted for private and academic purposes. Re-publication of material from this volume requires permission by the copyright owners. Automated Reasoning for Mizar: Artificial Intelligence through Knowledge Exchange Josef Urban∗ Charles University in Prague Abstract This paper gives an overview of the existing link between the Mizar project for formalization of mathematics and Automated Reasoning tools (mainly the Automated Theorem Provers (ATPs)). -