IJCAI-99 CONFERENCE PROGRAM

Welcome to

Sydney, Australia (1991) IJCAI-99, the Sixteenth International Chambery, Savoie, France (1993) Joint Conference on Artificial Montreal, Quebec, Canada (1995) Intelligence, is sponsored by the Inter- Nagoya, Japan (1997) national Joint Conferences on Artificial The 2001 conference is scheduled for Intelligence, Inc. (IJCAII), and the Scan- Seattle, Washington, USA, August 5–10. IJCAI-99 ADVISORY COMMITTEE dinavian AI societies: Danish AI Society (DAIS), Finnish AI Society (FAIS), Chair Norwegian AI Society (NAIS), and the Luigia Carlucci Aiello, Università di Roma IJCAI-99 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Swedish AI Society (SAIS). A Nordic “La Sapienza” (Italy) Scientific Advisory Committee (NISAC) Conference Chair Maria Gini, University of Minnesota (USA) was established to organize IJCAI-99. Luigia Carlucci Aiello, Università di Roma ”La Hiroaki Kitano, Sony Computer Science Sapienza” (Italy) Laboratory (Japan) IJCAII sponsors biennial conferences on Program Chair Teuvo Kohonen, Helsinki University of Technology artificial intelligence, that are the main (Finland) Thomas Dean, Brown University (USA) forums for presenting AI-research results Jean Claude Latombe, Stanford University (USA) to the international AI community. Conference Arrangements Chair Nada Lavrac, J. Stefan Institute (Slovenia) Previous conference sites were Anita Kollerbaur, Stockholm University and Royal Juzar Motiwalla, Kent Ridge Digital Labs Washington, D.C., USA (1969) Institute of Technology (Sweden) (Singapore) London, England (1971) Local Arrangements Chair Bernd Neumann, Universität Hamburg Stanford, California, USA (1973) Carl Gustaf Jansson, Stockholm University and (Germany) Tbilisi, Georgia, USSR (1975) Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) Karen Sparck Jones, FBA, University of Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (1977) Cambridge (England) Secretary-Treasurer Tokyo, Japan (1979) Pietro Torasso, University of Turin (Italy) Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (1981) Ronald J. Brachman, AT&T Labs - Research (USA) J.R. Quinlan, RuleQuest Research Pty Ltd and Karlsruhe, Germany (1983) University of New South Wales (Australia) Los Angeles, California, USA (1985) Nordic IJCAI Scientific Advisory Tibor Vámos, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Milan, Italy (1987) Committee Chair (Hungary) Detroit, Michigan, USA (1989) Erik Sandewall, Linköping University (Sweden) David Waltz, NEC Research Institute (USA)

CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP

IJCAI-99 gratefully acknowledges the generous contributions of the following corporations and organizations:

MAIN SPONSORS: SPONSORS: Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University and Royal Ericsson Wallenberg Foundation Institute of Technology Microsoft Computas Department of Information Science, Uppsala The Swedish National Board for Industrial Swedish Institute for Computer Science, SICS University and Technical Development – NUTEK SAAB Automobile AB The Swedish Research Council of AT&T Labs-Research Sun Micro Systems AB Engineering Sciences – TFR Department of Computer and Information University College of Karlskrona/Ronneby Science, Linköping University

3 CONFERENCE PROGRAM IJCAI-99

IJCAI-99 PROGRAM COMMITTEE

Program Chair Finn V. Jensen, Aalborg University (Denmark) Moshe Tennenholtz, Technion (Israel) Thomas Dean, Brown University (USA) Peter Jonsson, Linköping University (Sweden) Volker Tresp, Siemens AG (Germany) Hiroaki Kitano, Sony Computer Science Toby Walsh, University of Strathclyde (UK) Agnar Aamodt, Norwegian University of Science Laboratory (Japan) and Technology (NTNU, Norway) Daphne Koller, Stanford University (USA) Tutorial Chair Susanne Biundo, University of Ulm (Germany) Sarit Kraus, Bar-Ilan University (Israel) and Boi Faltings, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Joost Breuker, University of Amsterdam University of Maryland (USA) Lausanne (EPFL, Switzerland) (Netherlands) David Leake, Indiana University (USA) Joachim M. Buhmann, University of Bonn Workshop Chair (Germany) David McAllester, AT&T Labs-Research (USA) Sebastian Thrun, Carnegie Mellon University Eugene Charniak, Brown University (USA) Robert Milne, Intelligent Applications (UK) (USA) Henrik Christensen, Royal Institute of Technology Andrew Moore, Carnegie Mellon University (USA) (Sweden) Leora Morgenstern, IBM (USA) Additional Volunteer help to Program Committee Rina Dechter, University of California/Irvine (USA) Maria Teresa Pazienza, University of Rome ”Tor Kee-Eung Kim, Brown University (USA) Pedro Domingos, Instituto Superior Tecnico Vergata” (Italy) (Portugal) Henri Prade, Institute de Recherche en Vibhu O. Mittal, Just Research & Carnegie Mellon University (USA) Boi Faltings, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT, France) de Lausanne (EPFL, Switzerland) Daniela Rus, Dartmouth College (USA) Ian Frank, Electrotechnical Laboratory (Japan) Claude Sammut, University of New South Wales Dan Geiger, Technion (Israel) and Microsoft (Australia) IJCAII Organization, Research (USA) Marco Schaerf, University of Rome ”La Sapienza” Local Arrangements Committee, and (Italy) Malik Ghallab, LAAS-CNRS (Centre National NISAC (Nordic IJCAI Scientific Advisory de la Recherche Scientifique) (France) Noel Sharkey, University of Sheffield (UK) Committee) Randy Goebel, University of Alberta (Canada) Sam Steel, University of Essex (UK) are presented on page 24. Radu Horaud, CNRS and INRIA Rhone-Alpes Kilian Stoffel, University of Neuchatel (France) (Switzerland) Liliana Ironi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Peter Struss, Technical University of Munich (CNR, Italy) and OCC’M Software (Germany)

CITY ON WATER The noblest part of Stockholm is built on a few small islands. The picture shows

Stockholm’s old town facing Lake Mälaren. In the back to the left is a glimpse of ASPLUND

the Royal Palace with its flag. To the right are the towers of the “Storkyrkan” AN J and “Riddarholm’s” churches.

4 IJCAI-99 CONFERENCE PROGRAM

Conference at a glance

IJCAI-99 is composed of various complementary programs:

• the Technical Program, August 3 – • the Tutorial Program, August 1 – • the Exhibition, August 3 – August 6 August 6, including technical paper August 2 • RoboCup-99 to be held from July 29 presentations by top scientists in the • the Workshop Program, July 31 – to August 4 at the same venue as field, invited speakers and award August 2 IJCAI-99. winners

MORNING AFTERNOON EVENING

Friday, July 30 Registration 7.30 am – 6 pm The Opening ceremony will be held at City Conference Centre Saturday, July 31 Registration 7.30 am – 6 pm followed by a Reception in the City Hall of Stockholm. Workshops 8.30 am – 5 pm The Opening Ceremony will be chaired by Luigia Carlucci Sunday, August 1 Registration 7.30 am – 6 pm Aiello, the Conference Chair of IJCAI-99. Workshops 8.30 am – 5 pm The Reception will be hosted Tutorials 9 am – 1 pm 2 pm – 6 pm by the City of Stockholm.

Monday, August 2 Registration 7.30 am – 6 pm Opening Ceremony: Workshops 8.30 am – 5 pm City Conference Centre, 5.30 pm Reception: City Hall of Stockholm Tutorials 8 am – Noon 1 pm – 5 pm

Tuesday, August 3 Registration 7.30 am – 6 pm The Computers and Technical Sessions 9 am – Noon 2 pm – 5 pm Thought Lecture, 5.30 pm RoboCup Semifinals 9 am – 6 pm Exhibition 10 am – 5 pm

Wednesday, August 4 Registration 7.30 am – 6 pm Conference Dinner: Technical Sessions 9 am – 12.30 pm Boat from the City at 6 pm followed RoboCup Finals 12.45 pm – 5.15 pm by dinner at the Vaxholm Fortress Exhibition 10 am – 5 pm

Thursday, August 5 Registration 7.30 am – 6 pm Research Excellence Lecture, 5.30 pm Technical Sessions 9 am – Noon 2 pm – 5 pm Followed by ”Robo Culture” – Music Business Meeting and Dance, 7 pm – 8 pm 12.30 – 2 pm, open Exhibition 10 am – 5 pm to all attendees.

Friday, August 6 Registration 7.30 am – 6 pm Technical Session 9 am – 12.30 pm 2 pm – 5.30 pm

5 WORKSHOPS IJCAI-99

Workshop Program (By invitation only)

The workshops will take place July 31–August 2. The program Participation is limited to those invited by the workshop includes 29 workshops arranged in nine tracks centered organizers prior to the conference. around broad research topics and problem domains.

Please note that the house name – Folkets Hus or Norra Latin – Workshop Chair: Sebastian Thrun and the room number is required to identify a room.

Track Saturday, July 31 Sunday, August 1 Monday, August 2 8.30 am – 5 pm 8.30 am – 5 pm 8.30 am – 5 pm

Track “KRR” KRR-2: Nonmonotonic KRR-3: Hot Topics in Spatial Reasoning, Action and Change and Temporal Reasoning Knowledge Michael Thielscher, Hans W. Guesgen, [email protected] [email protected] Representation KRR-1: Practical Reasoning and Rationality and Reasoning John Bell, Norra Latin, room 451 Norra Latin, room 451 [email protected]

KRR-4: Qualitative and Model KRR-5: Ontologies and Based Reasoning for Complex Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Systems and Their Control Learned and Future Trends Robert Milne, Richard Benjamins, [email protected] [email protected] Norra Latin, room 451 Norra Latin, room 454 Norra Latin, room 454

Track “ML” ML-1: Statistical Machine ML-2: Neural, Symbolic, ML-3: Support Vector Machines Learning for Large-Scale and Reinforcement Methods Craig Saunders, Machine Learning Optimization for Sequence Learning [email protected] Justin Boyan, C. Lee Giles, [email protected] [email protected] Ron Sun, [email protected]

Norra Latin, room 360 Norra Latin, room 360 Norra Latin, room 360

ML-4: Learning About Users ML-5: Automating the Åsa Rudström, Construction of Case Based [email protected] Reasoners Sarabjot Singh Anand, [email protected] Agnar Aamodt, [email protected] David W. Aha, [email protected]

Norra Latin, room 358 Norra Latin, room 358

Track “IRF” IRF-1: Intelligent IRF-2: Machine Learning IRF-3: Text Mining: Foundations, Information Integration for Information Filtering Techniques and Applications Information Dieter Fensel, Thorsten Joachims, Ronen Feldman, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Retrieval and Filtering Norra Latin, room 361 Norra Latin, room 361 Norra Latin, room 361

6 IJCAI-99 WORKSHOPS

Track Saturday, July 31 Sunday, August 1 Monday, August 2 8.30 am – 5 pm 8.30 am – 5 pm 8.30 am – 5 pm

Track “ABS” ABS-1: Agent Mediated ABS-2: Agent Communication ABS-3: Learning About, Electronic Commerce Languages From and With Other Agents Agent-Based Alexandros Moukas Frank Dignum, Jose M. Vidal, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Systems Carles Sierra, [email protected] B. Chaib-draa, Fredrik Ygge [email protected] [email protected] Folkets Hus, room 203 Folkets Hus, room 203 Folkets Hus, room 203

ABS-4: The Third International Workshop on RoboCup ABS-5: Team Behavior and Manuela M. Veloso, Plan Recognition [email protected] Simon Goss, [email protected] Folkets Hus, room 204 Folkets Hus, room 204

Track “PLAN” PLAN-1: Adjustable PLAN-2: Scheduling and Plan- Autonomy Systems ning Meet Real-time Monitoring Planning, David Kortenkamp, in a Dynamic and Uncertain World [email protected] Abdel-Illah Mouaddib, Scheduling, and [email protected] Control Thierry Vidal, [email protected] Norra Latin, room 455 Norra Latin, room 455

Track “ROB” ROB-1: Robot Action Planning ROB-2: Adaptive Spatial ROB-3: Reasoning with Michael Beetz, Representations of Dynamic Uncertainty in Robot Navigation Robotics [email protected] Environments Alessandro Saffiotti, Joachim Hertzberg, Gerhard Kraetzschmar, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Norra Latin, room 355 Norra Latin, room 355 Norra Latin, room 355

Track “BUS” BUS-1: Knowledge Management BUS-2: Intelligent Workflow and Process Management: and Organizational Memory The New Frontier for AI in Business AI and Business Rose Dieng, Mamdouh Ibrahim, [email protected] [email protected] Nada Matta, Brian Drabble, [email protected] [email protected]

Norra Latin, room 352 Norra Latin, room 352

Track “NLP” NLP-2: Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Natural Language Systems Jan Alexandersson, Processing [email protected]

Norra Latin, room 461

Other Topics EMP: Empirical AI CASA: Computational Auditory SATIS: Non Binary Constraints Achim Hoffmann, Scene Analysis Jean-Charles Regin, [email protected] Frank Klassner, [email protected] [email protected] Wim Nuijten, [email protected]

Norra Latin, room 462 Norra Latin, room 462 Norra Latin, room 462

7 TUTORIALS IJCAI-99

Tutorial Program

The IJCAI-99 Tutorial Program features 20 four-hour tutorials A) Multiagent Systems, that explore evolving techniques. Each tutorial is taught by B) Situated Artificial Intelligence, experienced scientists and practitioners in AI. The tutorials C) Planning and Scheduling, are organized in five main themes A–E with four tutorials in D) Basic Technologies, and each theme. The themes are: E) Knowledge Extraction and Discovery.

Please note that the house name – Folkets Hus or Norra Latin – Tutorial Chair: Boi Faltings and the room number is required to identify a room. Sunday, August 1 Monday, August 2 9.00 am – 1.00 pm 2.00 pm – 6.00 pm 8.00 am – Noon 1.00 pm – 5.00 pm

A1 Agents and Multiagents in the A2 Ontological Engineering A3 Collaborative Multiagent A4 Principles of Agents and Internet and Intranets Asunción Gómez-Pérez Systems Multiagent Systems: Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh Barbara Grosz, Charlie Ortiz Social, Ethical, and Legal Abstractions and Reasoning Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh Norra Latin, room 456 Norra Latin, room 456 Norra Latin, room 456 Norra Latin, room 456

B1 Robotic Soccer: The Research B2 Intelligent Multimedia B3 Behavior-based Robotics B4 User-Adaptive Systems: Challenges and the Concrete Interface Agents Maja Matari´c, Ronald Arkin An Integrative Overview Simulation and Real Robot Wolfgang Wahlster, Elisabeth André Anthony Jameson Platforms Peter Stone, Manuela Veloso Norra Latin, room 453 Norra Latin, room 453 Norra Latin, room 453 Norra Latin, room 453

C1 Practical Planning Systems C2 Knowledge-based Scheduling C3 Recent Advances in C4 Economically Founded Steve Chien, Brian Drabble Steve Chien, Stephen Smith AI Planning: A Unified View Multiagent Systems Subbarao Kambhampati Tuomas W. Sandholm

Norra Latin, room 357 Norra Latin, room 357 Norra Latin, room 357 Norra Latin, room 357

D1Neural Networks for Data D2Probabilistic Argumentation D3Learning Bayesian Networks D4Solving AI Problems with Structures: Principles and Systems from Data Satisfiability Applications Jurg Kohlas, Rolf Haenni Nir Friedman, Moises Goldszmidt Ian Gent, Toby Walsh Paolo Frasconi, Alessandro Sperduti

Norra Latin, room 463 Norra Latin, room 463 Norra Latin, room 463 Norra Latin, room 463

E1 Evaluating Machine Learning E2 Practical Text Mining E3 Automatic Text E4 Introduction to Information and Knowledge Discovery Ronen Feldman Summarization: Methods, Extraction Technology Foster Provost, David Jensen Systems and Evaluation Douglas E. Appelt, David J. Israel Udo Hahn, Inderjeet Mani

Folkets Hus, room 307 Folkets Hus, room 307 Folkets Hus, room 307 Folkets Hus, room 307

8 IJCAI-99 OPENING CEREMONY

IJCAI-99 Opening Ceremony

LARS HANSSON The Opening Ceremony will start at 5.30 pm August 2 in Room ABC – Folkets Hus followed, by a Reception in the City Hall of Stockholm. The Opening Ceremony will be chaired by Luigia Carlucci Aiello, the Conference Chair of IJCAI-99. The Reception will be hosted by the City of Stockholm.

The Conference Installation Norra Latin was earlier a high school. This elegantly renovated school house is now one of Sweden’s top conference installations.

JAN ASPLUND

The IJCAI-99 reception will be held in “Blå Hallen” (The Blue Lounge) of Stockholm’s City Hall on the shore of Lake Mälaren. City Hall is where Stockholm’s political leadership work. Here you can also find large, exclusive reception rooms. The largest are “Blå Hallen” and “Gyllene Salen” (The Golden Room). City Hall was built during 1911–1923.

9 TECHNICAL PROGRAM IJCAI-99

Technical Program

The IJCAI-99 Technical Program includes talks by two IJCAI-99 17 themes. A thematic overview of the schedule appears on award winners and 12 invited speakers and presentations of pages 14 – 15, including the awards lectures and invited talks. 195 papers, including two distinguished papers that are The detailed program follows on pages 16 – 23. receiving publishers’ prizes. Paper sessions are organized in Program Chair: Thomas Dean.

IJCAI-99 Awards

The IJCAI Award for Research IJCAI AWARD FOR RESEARCH IJCAI COMPUTERS AND Excellence and the Computers and EXCELLENCE THOUGHT AWARD Thought Award are made by the IJCAII Board of Trustees, upon recommenda- The IJCAI Award for Research Excellence The Computers and Thought Award is tion by the IJCAI Awards Selection is given at the IJCAI conference to a sci- presented at IJCAI conferences to out- Committee, which consists this year of entist who has carried out a program of standing young scientists in artificial research of consistently high quality, yield- intelligence. The award was established C. Raymond Perrault (Menlo Park, USA) ing several substantial results. Past reci- with royalties received from the book Ross Quinlan (Sydney, Australia) pients of this award are John McCarthy “Computers and Thought”, edited by Erik Sandewall (Linköping, Sweden) (1985), Allen Newell (1989), Marvin Edward Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman; Wolfgang Wahlster (Saarbrücken, Germany, Minsky (1991), Raymond Reiter (1993), it is currently supported by income from Chair) Herbert Simon (1995), and Aravind Joshi IJCAII funds. (1997). Past recipients of this honor have been The IJCAI Awards Selection Committee The winner of the 1999 IJCAI Award Terry Winograd (1971), Patrick Winston receives advice from members of the IJCAI for Research Excellence is Judea Pearl, (1973), Chuck Rieger (1975), Douglas Awards Review Committee, who comment Professor of Computer Science at the Lenat (1977), David Marr (1979), Gerald on the accuracy of the nomination mate- University of California Los Angeles, USA. Sussman (1981), Tom Mitchell (1983), rial and provide additional information Professor Pearl is recognized for his Hector Levesque (1985), Johan de Kleer about the nominees. The IJCAI Awards fundamental work on heuristic search, (1987), Henry Kautz (1989), Rodney Review Committee is the union of the reasoning under uncertainty, and causality. Brooks (1991), Martha Pollack (1991), former Trustees of IJCAII, the IJCAI-99 He will deliver a lecture entitled Hiroaki Kitano (1993), Sarit Kraus Advisory Committee, the Program Chairs Reasoning with Cause and Effect on the (1995), Stuart Russell (1995), and Leslie of the last three IJCAI conferences, and evening of August 5, 1999. Kaelbling (1997). the past recipients of the IJCAI Award for The winner of the 1999 IJCAI Comput- Research Excellence and the IJCAI Distin- ers and Thought Award is Nicholas R. guished Service Award, with nominees Jennings, Professor at the Department excluded. of Electronic Engineering of the Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London, UK. Professor Jennings is recognized for his contributions to practical agent architec- tures and his applied work in the field of multi-agent systems. He will deliver a lecture entitled Agent-Based Computing: Promise and Perils on the evening of August 3, 1999.

10 IJCAI-99 TECHNICAL PROGRAM

THE DONALD E. WALKER IJCAI-99 AWARD FOR RESEARCH EXCELLENCE

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD Reasoning With Cause and Effect Judea Pearl The IJCAI Distinguished Service Award was established in 1979 by the IJCAII The talk will summarize models, principles, and tools that Trustees to honor senior scientists in AI were found useful in applications involving causal reasoning, for contributions and service to the field including knowledge mining, policy prediction, explanation, during their careers. Previous recipients and counterfactuals. The principles build on structural- have been Bernard Meltzer (1979), Arthur model semantics in which actions are interpreted as surgeries Judea Pearl Samuel (1983), Donald Walker (1989), on mechanisms and causes transmit the impact of such Woodrow Bledsow (1991) and Daniel G. surgeries. Bobrow (1993). Thursday, August 5, 5.30 pm–6.30 pm In 1993, the IJCAI Distinguished Ser- Folkets Hus, Room ABC vice Award was renamed the Donald E. Walker Distinguished Service Award in IJCAI-99 COMPUTERS AND THOUGHT AWARD memory of the late Donald E. Walker, who shaped the IJCAII organization as a Agent-Based Computing: Promise and Perils Secretary-Treasurer. Nick Jennings At IJCAI-99, the Donald E. Walker Agent-based computing represents an exciting new synthesis Distinguished Service Award will be given both for Artificial Intelligence and, more generally, Computer to Wolfgang Bibel, Professor of Intellectics Science. It has the potential to significantly improve the at the Department of Computer Science of theory and the practice of modeling, designing, and imple- the Darmstadt Institute of Technology in menting complex systems. In this talk we explore what Germany. Nick Jennings makes agents such an appealing and powerful conceptual As a pioneering researcher model and argue that scaleable software systems require in automated deduction, agents that can perform effectively in dynamic and uncertain Professor Wolfgang Bibel environments interacting via flexible organizational is recognized for his out- standing contributions and structures. service to the international Tuesday, August 3, 5.30 pm–6.30 pm AI community including his Folkets Hus, Room ABC creation of ECCAI, which has operated since 1982 as an umbrella organization of 27 European societies for DISTINGUISHED PAPERS artificial intelligence. Learning in Natural Language The award will be given during the Dan Roth opening ceremony, Monday August 2, 5.30 pm. The paper presents a learning theory account of the major statistical approaches to learning in natural language. A class of Linear Statistical Queries (LSQ) hypotheses is defined and many statistical learners used in natural language are shown to be in this class. The coherent view of learning approaches in this con- Dan Roth text may help to develop better learning methods and an under- standing of the role of learning in natural language inferences. Friday, August 6, 2 pm–3.30 pm Norra Latin, Room Aulan

A Distributed Case-Based Reasoning Application for Engineering Sales Support Ian Watson and Dan Gardingen This paper describes the implementation of a distributed case- based reasoning application that supports engineering sales staff. The application operates on the world wide web and uses the XML standard as a communications protocol between client Ian Watson and server side Java applets. The paper describes the distributed architecture of the application, the two case retrieval techniques used, its implementation, trial and roll-out, detailing the benefits it has provided to the company. Friday, August 6, 11 am–12.30 pm Folkets Hus, Room C

11 TECHNICAL PROGRAM IJCAI-99

Invited Speakers

Minoru Asada, Osaka University and Neil Gershenfeld, Physics and Media Group David Heckerman, Microsoft Research Henrik I. Christensen, The Royal Institute of at the MIT Media Lab Learning Bayesian Networks Technology in Stockholm and Centre for Natural Intelligence Autonomous Systems Robotics in the Home, Office, and For two decades, Bayesian networks con- Playing Field While the study of machine intelligence structed by experts have been used in has focused on the programming of intelligent systems with a fair amount of general-purpose computers, digital logic Robots are moving into our everyday life success. More recently, researchers have represents a small subset of the latent for tasks like entertainment, cleaning, and developed techniques for constructing capability of natural systems to manipu- delivery. To arrive at such systems, a num- Bayesian networks (both parameters and late information. I present some of the ber of key scientific questions must be structure) from a combination of expert remarkable computational tasks that can answered and technological breakthroughs knowledge and data. These techniques can be performed by the evolution of simple must be accomplished. The areas of ser- significantly reduce the cost of building classical and quantum systems, and con- vice robotics and the RoboCup each an intelligent system and can be used to sider the implications for inference and define common tasks that allow evalua- identify causal relationships from non- interfaces of bringing rich sensory infor- tion of systems promoting integration of experimental data – an important break- mation into more conventional computing robotics and AI. In this talk the applica- through for science. I will describe some environments. tion domains are introduced, recent results of these techniques, concentrating on are reviewed, and issues for future genera- Friday, August 6, 9 am – 10 am methods borrowed from Bayesian statis- tions are outlined. Folkets Hus, Room A tics, and discuss real-world applications. Wednesday, August 4, 11 am – Noon Tuesday, August 3, 4 pm – 5 pm Folkets Hus, Room C Folkets Hus, Room A

Stig B. Hagström, Stanford University From Teaching to Learning: The Role of AI in an Educational Paradigm Shift Luca Console, Universitá di Torino John Hooker, Carnegie Mellon University and Oskar Dressler, OCC´M Software Unifying Optimization and Constraint GmbH Simultaneously with the information Satisfaction Model-based Diagnosis in the Real World: “explosion” in the last few decades there Lessons Learned and Challenges Remaining has been a corresponding “explosion” in The optimization methods of operations higher education in most countries. This research and the constraint satisfaction Model-based diagnosis techniques have growth in number of students has essen- methods of artificial intelligence have a started to enter industrial applications and tially followed an “extrapolation” of unifying theme: both fields exploit the fun- commercial tools. We focus on pointing traditional teaching modes. damental and related dualities of search out the reasons behind these successes, in There have, however, been a number of vs. inference and strengthening vs. relax- terms of both technical solutions and attempts to apply modern electronic tools ation. This allows the two fields to be seen industrial needs. The lessons learned and to promote a change described as “from as special cases of a more general app- open problems hampering wider applica- teaching to learning”. roach and suggests new methods that fit tion suggest future theoretical and practi- In a joint effort Stanford University and into neither OR nor AI. cal research. selected Swedish universities are promot- Thursday, August 5, 4 pm – 5 pm ing a shift towards learning through Friday, August 6, 9 am – 10 am Folkets Hus, Room A Learning Laboratories. The talk will illus- Folkets Hus, Rroom C trate some basic ideas and concepts behind this collaboration and the Learning Labo- ratories. Wednesday, August 4, 11 am – Noon Folkets Hus, Room A

12 IJCAI-99 TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Radu Horaud, CNRS and INRIA Rhone-Alpes Robert Schapire, AT&T Labs – Research Oliviero Stock, IRST, Instituto per la Ricerca Non-Metric Dynamic Vision: A Paradigm Theory and Practice of Boosting Scientifica e Tecnologica for Representing Motion in Perception Was the Title of This Talk Generated Space Automatically? Prospects for Intelligent Boosting is a general method for produc- Interfaces and Language ing a very accurate classification rule by The representation of motion is of central combining rough and moderately inaccu- Language processing has a large practical importance in many artificial intelligence- rate “rules of thumb.” While rooted in a potential when we realize that, for related fields such as robotics, computer theoretical framework of machine learn- instance, it can be integrated with other graphics, virtual reality, neurophysiology, ing, boosting has been found empirically modalities made available by a computer. and so forth. A crucial and not yet com- to perform rather well. In this talk, I will Intelligent interfaces are artifacts that pletely understood issue is, however, the introduce the boosting algorithm (often) practically embody these concepts. measurement of motion. Computer vision AdaBoost and explain the underlying Some prototypes are presented and chal- has proposed a paradigm called “dynamic theory of boosting, including an explana- lenges for the future are discussed. vision”. Within this paradigm, the vast tion of why boosting often does not suffer Tuesday, August 3, 9 am – 10 am majority of solutions consider a single from overfitting. I also will describe some camera. In this talk we advocate that a recent applications of boosting. Folkets Hus, Room A pair of uncalibrated cameras should be Tuesday, August 3, 9 am – 10 am preferred. The motion measurement and represen- Folkets Hus, Room C tation issued from such a camera pair are more tractable from a mathematical point Moshe Tennenholtz, the Technion Israel of view and can be used in a wider range Institute of Technology of applications, such as visual guidance of Realizing Electronic Commerce: Donia Scott, University of Brighton robots and vehicles, visual surveillance, From Economic and Game-Theoretic Models to Working Protocols and virtualized reality. The Multilingual Generation Game: Authoring Fluent Texts in Unfamiliar Thursday, August 5, 4 pm – 5 pm Languages Mechanism design is the branch of eco- Folkets Hus, Room C nomics and game theory that deals with This talk presents Multilingual Natural the design of economic settings and proto- Language Generation (M-NLG), which is cols. In this talk we review some of the proving successful in its attempts to mechanism design literature and discuss achieve the same goals as machine transla- Lydia Kavraki, Rice University some essential steps in the adaptation of tion (the more familiar alternative technol- Computational Approaches to Drug Design economic mechanisms to non-cooperative ogy for automating multilingual document computational environments, such as the production) while avoiding many of its Internet. The rational approach to pharmaceutical pitfalls. Thursday, August 5, 9 am – 10 am drug design begins with an investigation of Thursday, August 5, 9 am – 10 am the relationship between chemical struc- Folkets Hus, Room A Folkets Hus, Room C ture and biological activity. Information gained from this analysis is used to aid the design of new or improved drugs. Compu- tational chemists involved in rational drug design routinely use an array of programs to compute geometric and chemical char- acteristics of molecules. In this talk I describe areas of computer-aided drug design that are important to computa- tional chemists but are also rich in algorithmic problems and have attracted the attention of computer scientists. Tuesday, August 3, 4 pm – 5 pm Folkets Hus, Room C

13 TECHNICAL PROGRAM IJCAI-99 Technical Program Overview

Theme IJCAI-99 Awards and Invited Talks Automated Reasoning Case-Based Reasoning Distinguished Papers Room 456 Room C

Tuesday August 3 17.30 - 18.30, Room ABC 9.00 - 10.00 10.30 - 12.00 10.30 - 12.00 Computers and Thought Award, Oliviero Stock, Room A Theorem Proving Case-Based Reasoning 1 Nicholas R. Jennings Robert Schapire, Room C 14.00 - 15.30 14.00 - 15.30 16.00 - 17.00 Non-Monotonic Reasoning 1 Case-Based Reasoning 2 David Heckerman, Room A Lydia Kavraki, Room C

Wednesday August 4 11.00 - 12.00 9.00 - 10.30 Stig Hagström, Room A Non-Monotonic Reasoning 2 Minoru Asada and 11-12.30 Henrik Christiansen (joint talk), Non-Monotonic Reasoning 3: Room C Model Checking Methods

Thursday August 5 17.30 - 18.30, Room ABC 9.00 - 10.00 9.00 - 10.00 Award for Research Exellence, Moshe Tennenholz, Room A Description Logics 2 Judea Pearl Donia Scott, Room C 10.30 - 12.00 16.00 - 17.00 Description Logics 1 John Hooker, Room A 14.00 - 15.30 Radu Horaud, Room C Semantics and Models

Friday August 6 11-12.30, Room C 9.00 - 10.00 9.00 - 10.30 Distinguished Paper, Ian Watson Neil Gershenfeld, Room A Reasoning About Action 1 and Dan Gardingen, in session Luca Console and 11.00 - 12.30 Knowledge-based Applications, Oskar Dressler (joint talk), Reasoning About Action 2 Application 1 Room C 14.00 - 15.30 Belief Revision 14.00 - 15.30, Room Aulan Distinguished Paper, Dan Roth, 16.00 - 17.30 in session Natural Language Resource-Bounded Reasoning Processing 3, Learning

Theme Machine Learning Natural Language Planning and Scheduling Qualitative Reasoning Room A/Room Aulan Processing, Room Aulan Room 307 and Diagnosis, Room B

Tuesday August 3 10.30 - 12.00, Room A 9.00 - 10.00 Planning 1 Learning for Information 10.30 - 12.00 Planning 2: Retrieval 1 Exploiting Domain Structure 14.00 - 15.30, Room A 14.00 - 15.30 Planning 3: Learning for Information Disjunctive Planning Retrieval 2 16.00 - 17.00 Scheduling

Wednesday August 4 9.00 - 10.30, Room A 9.00 - 10.30 9.00 - 10.30 Classification Learning 1 Natural Language Processing 1 Planning 4: Uncertainty and Time Constraint

Thursday August 5 10.30 12.00, Room A 14.00 - 15.30 Classification Learning 2: Support Qualitative Reasoning 1 Vector Machines 10.30 - 12.00, Room Aulan Neural Networks 1 14.00 - 15.30, Room A Reinforcement Learning 1 14.00 - 15.30, Room Aulan Hybrid Systems: Neural and Symbolic Processing 16.00 - 17.00, Room Aulan Neural Networks 2 Friday August 6 11.00 - 12.30, Room A 11.00 - 12.30 11.00 - 12.30 Reinforcement Learning 2: Natural Language Processing 2 Qualitative Reasoning 2: Applications Spatial Reasoning 14.00 - 15.30 14.00 - 15.30, Room A Natural Language Processing 3: 14.00 - 15.30 Automated Discovery Learning Diagnosis 1 16.00 - 17.30, Room A 16.00 - 17.30 16.00 - 17.30 Data Mining Natural Language Processing 4: Diagnosis 2 14 Information Retrieval IJCAI-99 TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Challenge Papers Cognitive Modelling Constraint Satisfaction Distributed AI Computer Game Playing Knowledge-based Room B Room 307 Room Aulan/Room B Room 307 Room 307 Applications, Room C

10.30 - 12.00 Challenge Papers 1 10.30 - 12.00, Room Aulan Constraint Satisfaction 1 14.00 - 15.30 Challenge Papers 2: Propositional 14.00 - 15.30 Room Aulan Reasoning and Search Constraint Satisfaction 2 16.00 - 17.00 Challenge Papers 3: Propositional Reasoning and Search/Planning

9.00 - 10.30, Room B 11.00 - 12.30 Constraint Satisfaction 3 Multi-Agent Systems 1 11.00 - 12.30, Room B Constraint Satisfaction 4

10.30 - 12.00 10.30 - 12.00 9.00 - 10.00 Challenge Papers 4: Bridging Plan Multi-Agent Systems 2 Game Playing 1 Synthesis Paradigms 14.00 - 15.30 16.00 - 17.00 Economic Models 1 Game Playing 2

11.00 - 12.30 9.00 - 10.30 11.00 - 12.30 Cognitive Modeling 1 Economic Models 2: Auctions Applications 1 14.00 - 15.30 14.00 - 15.30 Cognitive Modeling 2 Applications 2 16.00 - 17.00 16.00 - 17.30 Cognitive Modeling 3: Applications 3 Spatial Reasoning

Robotics and Perception Search Software Agents Temporal Reasoning Uncertainty and Probabilistic Room C Room 203/204 Room 203/204 Room 203/204 Reasoning, Room 203/204

10.30 - 12.00 Decision-Theoretic Applications to Controlling Computation 14.00 - 15.30 Probabilistic Reasoning and Learning

9.00 - 10.30 9.00 - 10.30 Robotics and Perception 1 Markov Decision Processes 1 11.00 - 12.30 Markov Decision Processes 2

10.30 - 12.00 14.00 - 15.30 9.00 - 10.00 Robotics and Perception 3 Temporal Reasoning Alternative Uncertainty Formalisms 14.00 - 15.30 10.30 - 12.00 Robotics and Perception 2 Solving Control Problems

9.00 - 10.30 16.00 - 17.30 Search 1 Software Agents 11.00 - 12.30 Search 2 14.00 - 15.30 Genetic Algorithms 15 TECHNICAL PROGRAM IJCAI-99

Technical Program: Tuesday, August 3

Time Room: A B C Folkets Hus Folkets Hus Folkets Hus 9 am – 10 am INVITED TALK INVITED TALK • Was the Title of This Talk Generated • Theory and Practice of Boosting Automatically? Prospects for Intelligent Robert Schapire, AT&T Labs – Research Interfaces and Language. Oliviero Stock, IRST, Instituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica

10.30 am – Noon MACHINE LEARNING CHALLENGE PAPERS CASE-BASED REASONING Learning for Information Retrieval 1 Challenge Papers 1 Case-Based Reasoning 1 • A Machine Learning Approach to Building • Adaptive Web Sites: Conceptual Cluster Mining • Demand-Driven Discovery of Adaptation Domain-Specific Search Engines Mike Perkowitz and Oren Etzioni Knowledge Andrew McCallum, Kamal Nigam, Jason Rennie • An Assessment of Submissions Made to the David McSherry and Kristie Seymore Predictive Toxicology Evaluation Challenge • Dynamic Refinement of Feature Weights Using • Domain-Specific Keyphrase Extraction Ashwin Srinivasan, Ross D. King and Douglas Quantitative Introspective Learning Eibe Frank, Gordon W. Paynter, Ian H.Witten, W. Bristol Zhong Zhang and Qiang Yang Carl Gutwin and Craig G.Nevill-Manning • Two Fielded Teams and Two Experts: A Robo- • Remembering to Add: Competence-preserving • Learning Rules for Large Vocabulary Word Cup Challenge Response from the Trenches Case-Addition Policies for Case Base Sense Disambiguation Milind Tambe, Gal Kaminka, Stacy Marsella, Maintenance Georgios Paliouras, Vangelis Karkaletsis and Ion Muslea and Taylor Raines Jun Zhu and Qiang Yang Constantine D. Spyropoulos

2 pm – 3.30 pm MACHINE LEARNING CHALLENGE PAPERS CASE-BASED REASONING Learning for Information Retrieval 2 Challenge Papers 2: Propositional Case-Based Reasoning 2 • The Cluster-Abstraction Model: Unsupervised Reasoning and Search • PEBM: A Probabilistic Exemplar Based Model Learning of Topic Hierarchies from Text Data • Compiling Knowledge into Decomposable Andres F. Rodriguez and Sunil Vadera Thomas Hofmann Negation Normal Form • Toward a Probabilistic Formalization of Case- • Latent Class Models for Collaborative Filtering Adnan Y. Darwiche Based Inference Thomas Hofmann and Jan Puzicha • Using Walk-SAT and Loop-Back CSP for Eyke Hüllermeier • Conceptual Grouping in Word Co-occurrence Cryptographic Key Search • A Lattice Machine Approach to Automated Networks Fabio Massacci Casebase Design: Marrying Lazy and Eager Anne Veling and Peter van der Weerd • SAT-Encodings, Search Space Structure, and Learning Local Search Performance Hui Wang, Werner Dubitzky, Ivo Dntsch and Holger H. Hoos David A. Bell

4 pm – 5 pm INVITED TALK CHALLENGE PAPERS INVITED TALK • Learning Bayesian Networks Challenge Papers 3: Propositional • Computational Approaches to Drug Design David Heckerman, Microsoft Research Reasoning and Search / Planning Lydia Kavraki, Rice University • On the Use of Integer Programming Models in AI Planning Thomas Vossen, Michael Ball, Amnon Lotem and Dana Nau • The LPSAT Engine & its Application to Resource Planning Steven A. Wolfman and Daniel S. Weld

5.30 pm – 6.30 pm COMPUTER AND THOUGHT LECTURE • Agent-Based Computing: Promise and Perils Nicholas R. Jennings, Professor at the Department of Electronic Engineering of the Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London, UK.

16 IJCAI-99 TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Please note that the house name – Folkets Hus or Norra Latin – and the room number is required to identify a room.

Room: Aulan 456 203 / 204 307 Norra Latin Norra Latin Folkets Hus Folkets Hus

PLANNING AND SCHEDULING Planning 1 • Dealing with Geometric Constraints in Game-Theoretic Planning Patrick Fabiani and Jean-Claude Latombe • Computational Complexity of Planning and Approximate Planning in Presence of Incompleteness Chitta R. Baral, Vladik Kreinovich and Raul Trejo

CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION AUTOMATED REASONING UNCERTAINTY AND PROBABILISTIC PLANNING AND SCHEDULING Constraint Satisfaction 1 Theorem Proving REASONING Planning 2: Exploiting Domain Structure • A Comparison of Structural CSP • Lemma Generation for Model Elimination Decision-Theoretic Applications to • The Detection and Exploitation of Symmetry Decomposition Methods by Combining Top-Down and Bottom-Up Controlling Computation in Planning Problems Georg Gottlob, Nicola Leone and Francesco Inference • Reactive Control of Dynamic Progressive Maria Fox and Derek Long Scarcello Marc Fuchs Processing • From Interaction Data to Plan Libraries: A • Solving Strategies for Highly Symmetric CSPs • Cooperation of Heterogeneous Provers Shlomo Zilberstein and Abdel-Illah Mouaddib Clustering Approach Pedro Meseguer and Carme Torras Joerg Denzinger and Dirk Fuchs • Pre-sending Documents on the WWW: Mathias Bauer • Extending Consistent Domains of Numeric CSP • UPML: A Framework for Knowledge System A Comparative Study • SHOP: Simple Hierarchical Ordered Planner Helene Collavizza, Franois Delobel and Reuse David W. Albrecht, Ingrid Zukerman and Dana S. Nau, Yue Cao, Amnon Lotem, and Michel Rueher Dieter Fensel, Richard Benjamins, Ann E. Nicholson Hector Munoz-Avila Enrico Motta and Bob Wielinga • Continual Computation Policies for Allocating Offline and Real-Time Resources Eric Horvitz

CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION AUTOMATED REASONING UNCERTAINTY AND PROBABILISTIC PLANNING AND SCHEDULING Constraint Satisfaction 2 Nonmonotonic Reasoning 1 REASONING Planning 3: Disjunctive Planning • The Difference All-Difference Makes • Complexity Results for Propositional Closed Probabilistic Reasoning and Learning • Reachability, Relevance, Resolution and the Kostas Stergiou and Toby Walsh World Reasoning and Circumscription from • On the Role of Context-Specific Independence Planning as Satisfiability Approach • The Symmetric Alldiff Constraint Tractable Knowledge Bases in Probabilistic Inference Ronen Brafman Jean-Charles Regin Sylvie Coste-Marquis and Pierre Marquis Nevin L. Zhang and David Poole • Improving Graphplan's Search with • Branch and Bound with Mini-Bucket • Credulous Nonmonotonic Inference • Exploratory Interaction with a Bayesian EBL & DDB Techniques Heuristics Alexander Bochman Argumentation System Subbarao Kambhampati Kalev Kask and Rina Dechter • Preferred Arguments are Harder to Compute Ingrid Zukerman, Richard McConachy, • To Encode or Not to Encode – Linear Planning than Stable Extension Kevin B. Korb and Deborah Pickett Ronen Brafman and Holger H. Hoos Yannis Dimopoulos, Bernhard Nebel and • Learning Probabilistic Relational Models Francesca Toni Nir Friedman, Lise Getoor, Daphne Koller and Avi Pfeffer

PLANNING AND SCHEDULING Scheduling • Cyclic Scheduling Denise L. Draper, Ari K. Jonsson, David P. Clements and David E. Joslin • An Iterative Sampling Procedure for Resource Constrained Project Scheduling with Time Windows Amedeo Cesta, Angelo Oddi and Stephen F. Smith

17 TECHNICAL PROGRAM IJCAI-99

Technical Program: Wednesday, August 4

Time Room: A B C Folkets Hus Folkets Hus Folkets Hus

9 am – 10.30 am MACHINE LEARNING CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION ROBOTICS AND PERCEPTION Classification Learning 1 Constraint Satisfaction 3 Robotics and Perception 1 • Decision Tree Grafting From the All Tests But • Improving Search Using Indexing: A Study • Multiple Path Coordination for Mobile Robots: One Partition with Temporal CSPs A Geometric Algorithm Geoffrey Webb Nikos Mamoulis and Dimitris Papadias Stephane Leroy, Jean-Paul Laumond and • Constructive Induction: A Version Space- • A New Tractable Subclass of the Rectangle Thierry Simeon based Approach Algebra • Physical Constraints on Human Robot Michele Sebag Philippe Balbiani, Jean-Francois Condotta and Interaction • Process-Oriented Estimation of Generalization Luis Farinas del Cerro Michita Imai, Kazuo Hiraki and Error • Maximal Tractable Fragments of the Region Tsutomu Miyasato Pedro M. Domingos Connection Calculus: A Complete Analysis • State Space Construction by Attention Control Jochen Renz Hiroshi Ishiguro, Masatoshi Kamiharako and Toru Ishida

11 am – 12.30 pm INVITED TALK CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION INVITED TALK • From Teaching to Learning: The Role of AI Constraint Satisfaction 4 • Robotics in the Home, Office, and Playing in an Educational Paradigm Shift • Path Consistency on Triangulated Constraint Field Stig B. Hagström, Stanford University Graphs Minoru Asada, Osaka University and Christian Bliek and Djamila Sam-Haroud Henrik I. Christensen, The Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and Centre for • A New Method to Index and Query Sets Autonomous Systems Jürg Hoffmann and Jana Koehler • Constraint Propagation and Value Acquisition: Why We Should Do it Interactively Rita Cucchiara, Marco Gavanelli, Evelina Lamma, Paola Mello, Michela Milano and Massimo Piccardi IJCAI-99 TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Room: Aulan 456 203 / 204 307 Norra Latin Norra Latin Folkets Hus Folkets Hus

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AUTOMATED REASONING UNCERTAINTY AND PROBABILISTIC PLANNING AND SCHEDULING Natural Language Processing 1 Nonmonotonic Reasoning 2 REASONING Planning 4: Uncertainty and Time • Situated Grounded Word Semantics • Abducing Priorities to Derive Intended Markov Decision Processes 1 Constraints Luc Steels and Frederic Kaplan Conclusions • Computing Near Optimal Strategies for • A Possibilistic Planner that Deals with • Lean Semantic Interpretation Katsumi Inoue and Chiaki Sakama Stochastic Investment Planning Problems Non-Determinism and Contingency Udo Hahn, Martin Romacker and Katja Markert • Maximum Entropy and Variable Strength Milos Hauskrecht, Gopal Pandurangan and Emmanuel Guere and Rachid Alami Eli Upfal • The Role of Saliency in Generating Natural Defaults • Highly Reactive Decision Making: A Game Language Arguments Rachel A. Bourne and Simon Parsons • Multi-Value-Functions: Efficient Automatic with Time Chris Reed • On the Relations Between Probabilistic Logic Action Hierarchies for Multiple Goal MDPs Thierry Vidal and Silvia Coradeschi and p-CMS Andrew W. Moore, Leemon Baird and • Real-Time Problem-Solving with Contract Pierre Hansen, Brigitte Jaumard and Leslie P. Kaelbling Algorithms A.D Parreira Shlomo Zilberstein, Francois Charpillet and Philippe Chassaing

AUTOMATED REASONING UNCERTAINTY AND PROBABILISTIC DISTRIBUTED AI Nonmonotonic Reasoning 3: REASONING Multi-Agent Systems 1 Model Checking Methods Markov Decision Processes 2 • Sequential Optimality and Coordination in • On the Complexity of Model Checking for • A Sparse Sampling Algorithm for Multiagent Systems Propositional Default Logics: New Results and Near-Optimal Planning in Large Markov Craig Boutilier Tractable Cases Decision Processes • A Protocol-Based Semantics for an Agent Robert Baumgartner and Georg Gottlob Michael Kearns, Yishay Mansour and Communication Language • Stable Model Checking Made Easy Andrew Ng Jeremy Pitt and Abe Mamdani Christoph E. Koch and Nicola Leone • Computing Factored Value Functions for • Towards Flexible Multi-Agent Decision- • Model Checking for Nonmonotonic Logics: Policies in Structured MDPs Making Under Time Pressure Algorithms and Complexity Daphne Koller and Ronald Parr Sanguk Noh and Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz Riccardo Rosati • Bounding the Suboptimality of Reusing Subproblem Michael H. Bowling and Manuela M. Veloso

Conference Dinner

The Conference Dinner will be at Vax- Swedish king Gustav Vasa decided that holm Fortress on August 4 to a cost of the Fortress should be built and the work 600 SEK, including VAT. Access to the began on the original structure in 1548, Fortress will be by boat, leaving from but there were many alterations over the Nybrokajen in the City’s center at 6 pm centuries. The present-day fortifications for a one-hour cruise through the Stock- date back to 1863, and the mighty walls holm Archipelago. are built from 30,000 solid granite blocks. A traditional Nordic Dinner will be The fortress has been attacked twice, by served in ancient, historic surroundings. the Danish navy in 1612 and by the Russ- Return to Stockholm will again be by ian navy in 1719. boat, departing between 10 pm and mid- The courtyard, originally used for night. military drilling, is now a place for events, Informal dress is recommended. Please theatre and music. Today the Fortress is register early, as space is limited. an exciting and popular tourist attraction.

A view of the Vaxholm Fortress and the island Vaxholmen in the inner part of the Stockholm Archipelago.

19 TECHNICAL PROGRAM IJCAI-99

Technical Program: Thursday, August 5

Time Room: A B C Folkets Hus Folkets Hus Folkets Hus

9 am – 10 am INVITED TALK INVITED TALK • Realizing Electronic Commerce: • The Multilingual Generation Game: Authoring From Economic and Game-Theoretic Models Fluent Texts in Unfamiliar Languages to Working Protocols Donia Scott, University of Brighton Moshe Tennenholtz, the Technion Israel Institute of Technology

10.30 am – Noon MACHINE LEARNING CHALLENGE PAPERS ROBOTICS AND PERCEPTION Classification Learning 2: Support Vector Challenge Papers 4: Bridging Plan Robotics and Perception 3 Machines Synthesis Paradigms • Markov Localization Using Correlation • Transduction with Confidence and Credibility • Unifying SAT-based and Graph-based Kurt Konolige and Ken Chou Craig Saunders, Alex Gammerman and Planning • Tracking Many Objects with Many Sensors Volodya Vovk Henry Kautz and Bart Selman Hanna Pasula, Stuart J. Russell, • Leave-One-Out Support Vector Machines • Temporal Planning with Mutual Exclusion Michael Ostland and Ya'acov Ritov Jason Weston Reasoning David E. Smith and Daniel S. Weld

2 pm – 3.30 pm MACHINE LEARNING QUALITATIVE REASONING AND ROBOTICS AND PERCEPTION Reinforcement Learning 1 DIAGNOSIS Robotics and Perception 2 • A Near-Optimal Poly-Time Algorithm for Qualitative Reasoning 1 • A Spatiotemporal/Spatiotemporal-Frequency Learning in Stochastic Games • Semi-Quantitative Comparative Analysis Interpretation of Apparent Motion Reversal Ronen Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz Ivayla Vatcheva and Hidde de Jong Todd R. Reed • Efficient Reinforcement Learning in Factored • A Qualitative-Fuzzy Framework for Nonlinear • A Context-dependent Attention System for a MDPs Black-box System Identification Social Robot Michael Kearns and Daphne Koller Riccardo Bellazzi, Raffaella Guglielmann and Cynthia Breazeal and Brian Scassellati • Convergence of Reinforcement Learning with Liliana Ironi General Function Approximators • Generalized Physical Networks for Automated Vassilis A. Papavassiliou and Stuart J. Russell Model Building Matthew Easley and Elizabeth Bradley

4 pm – 5 pm INVITED TALK INVITED TALK • Unifying Optimization and Constraint • Non-Metric Dynamic Vision: A Paradigm for Satisfaction Representing Motion in Perception Space John Hooker, Carnegie Mellon University Radu Horaud, CNRS and INRIA Rhone-Alpes

5.30 pm – 6.30 pm RESEARCH EXCELLENCE LECTURE • Reasoning with Cause and Effect Judea Pearl, Professor at the Computer Science Department of the University of California Los Angeles, USA.

20 IJCAI-99 TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Room: Aulan 456 203 / 204 307 Norra Latin Norra Latin Folkets Hus Folkets Hus

AUTOMATED REASONING UNCERTAINTY AND PROBABILISTIC COMPUTER GAME PLAYING Description Logics 2 REASONING Game Playing 1 • Multi-Dimensional Description Logics Alternative Uncertainty Formalisms • Temporal Coherence and Prediction Decay in Frank Wolter and Michael Zakharyaschev • Towards a Possibilistic Logic Handling of TD Learning • On the Relation of Resolution and Tableaux Preferences Donald F. Beal and Martin C. Smith Proof Systems for Description Logics Salem Benferhat, Didier Dubois and • Domain-Dependent Single-Agent Search Ullrich Hustadt and Renate A. Schmidt Henri Prade Enhancements • Incremental Learning in a Fuzzy Intelligent Andreas Junghanns and Jonathan Schaeffer System Yi L. Murphey and TieQi Chen

MACHINE LEARNING AUTOMATED REASONING UNCERTAINTY AND PROBABILISTIC DISTRIBUTED AI Neural Networks 1 Description Logics 1 REASONING Multi-Agent Systems 2 • A Potts Spin MFT Network Solving Multiple • Reasoning in Expressive Description Logics Solving Control Problems • Risk Control in Multi-Agent Coordination by Causal Interactions with Fixpoints Based on Automata on Infinite • Combining Variable Resolution Discretization Negotiation with a Trusted Third Party Lotfi Ben Romdhane Trees for High-Accuracy Solutions of Continuous Shih-Hung Wu and Von-Wun Soo • SARDSRN: A Neural Network Shift-Reduce Diego Calvanese, Giuseppe De Giacomo, and Time and Space MDPs • Shopbots and Pricebots Parser Maurizio Lenzerini Remi Munos and Andrew W. Moore Amy R. Greenwald and Jeffrey O. Kephart Marshall R. Mayberry and Risto Miikkulainen • Reasoning with Concrete Domains Solving Non-Markovian Control Tasks with • Be Patient and Tolerate Imprecision: Carsten Lutz Neuro-Evolution How Autonomous Agents Can Coordinate • Computing Least Common Subsumers in Faustino J. Gomez and Risto Miikkulainen Effectively Description Logics with Existential • Reinforcement Algorithms Using Functional Sudhir K. Rustogi and Munindar P. Singh Restrictions Approximation for Generalization and their Franz Baader, Ralf Kuesters and Ralf Molitor Application to Cart Centering and Fractal Compression Clifford Claussen, Srinivas Gutta and Harry Wechsler

MACHINE LEARNING AUTOMATED REASONING TEMPORAL REASONING DISTRIBUTED AI Hybrid Systems: Neural and Symbolic Semantics and Models • Scalable Temporal Reasoning Economic Models 1 Processing • Preferential Semantics for Causal Systems Steffen Staab and Udo Hahn • Efficiency and Equilibrium in Task Allocation • Preference Moore Machines for Neural Fuzzy Maurice Pagnucco, Pavlos Peppas, • Managing Temporal Uncertainty Through Economies with Hierarchical Dependencies Integration Mikhail Prokopenko, Norman Y. Foo and Waypoint Controllability William E. Walsh and Michael P. Wellman Stefan Wermter Abhaya C. Nayak Paul H. Morris and Nicola Muscettola • Sequential Auctions for the Allocation of • Processing Symbols at Variable Speed in • Query Evaluation and Progression in AOL • A New Framework for Reasoning About Points, Resources with Complementarities DUAL: Connectionist Activation as Power Knowledge Bases Intervals and Durations Craig Boutilier, Moises Goldszmidt and Supply Gerhard Lakemeyer and Hector J. Levesque Arun K.Pujari and Abdul Sattar Bikash Sabata Alexander A. Petrov and Boicho N. Kokinov • Axiomatic Foundations for Qualitative/Ordinal • Algorithms for Optimizing Leveled • Hybrid Thematic Role Processor: Symbolic Decisions with Partial Preferences Commitment Contracts Linguistic Relations Revised by Connectionist Adriana M. Zapico Tuomas W. Sandholm, Sandeep Sikka and Learning Samphel Norden Jaao Luis G. Rosa and Edson Franozo

MACHINE LEARNING COMPUTER GAME PLAYING Neural Networks 2 Game Playing 2 • Improved Classification for a Data Fusing • Decomposition Search: A Combinatorial Kohonen Self Organizing Map Using a Games Approach to Game Tree Search, with Dynamic Thresholding Technique Applications to Solving Go Endgames Odin Taylor, John MacIntyre and John Tait Martin Mueller • Generalized Connectionist Associative • GIB: Steps Toward an Expert-Level Bridge- Memory Playing Program Nigel P. Duffy and Arun K. Jagota Matthew L. Ginsberg

21 TECHNICAL PROGRAM IJCAI-99

Technical Program: Friday, August 6

Time Room: A B C Folkets Hus Folkets Hus Folkets Hus

9 am – 10.30 am INVITED TALK INVITED TALK • Natural Intelligence • Model-based Diagnosis in the Real World: Neil Gershenfeld, Physics and Media Group Lessons Learned and Challenges Remaining at the MIT Media Lab Luca Console, Universitá di Torino and Oskar Dressler, Technical University of Munich

11 am – 12.30 pm MACHINE LEARNING QUALITATIVE REASONING AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPLICATIONS Reinforcement Learning 2: Applications DIAGNOSIS Applications 1 • Confidence Based Dual Reinforcement Qualitative Reasoning 2: • An Effective Ship Berthing Algorithm Q-Routing: An Adaptive Online Network Spatial Reasoning Andrew Lim Routing Algorithm • Acquisition of Qualitative Spatial • A Distributed Case-Based Reasoning Shailesh Kumar and Risto Miikkulainen Representation by Visual Observation Application for Engineering Sales Support • A Neural Reinforcement Learning Approach to Takushi Sogo, Hiroshi Ishiguro and Ian Watson and Dan Gardingen Toru Ishida Learn Local Dispatching Policies in Production • Knowledge Modeling and Reusability in Scheduling • Qualitative Outline Theory ExClaim Simone C. Riedmiller and Martin A. Riedmiller Antony P. Galton and Richard C. Meathrel Liviu Badea • Qualitative and Quantitative Representations of Locomotion and their Application in Robot Navigation Alexandra Musto, Klaus Stein, Andreas Eisenkolb and Thomas Roefer

2 pm – 3.30 pm MACHINE LEARNING QUALITATIVE REASONING AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPLICATIONS Automated Discovery DIAGNOSIS Applications 2 • Discovering Admissible Model Equations from Diagnosis 1 • Verifying Integrity Constraints on Web Sites Observed Data Based on Scale-Types and • Debugging Functional Programs Mary Fernandez, Dana Florescu, Alon Levy Identity Constrains Markus Stumptner and Franz R. Wotawa and Dan Suciu Takashi Washio, Hiroshi Motoda and • Monitoring Piecewise Continuous Behaviors • Discovering Chronicles with Numerical Time Niwa Yuji by Refining Semi-Quantitative Trackers Constraints from Alarm Logs for Monitoring • Finding Relations in Polynomial Time Bernhard Rinner and Benjamin Kuipers Dynamic Systems Gilles Caporossi and Pierre Hansen • Diagnosis as a Variable Assignment Problem: Christophe Dousson and Thang Vu Duong • Automatic Concept Formation in Pure a Case Study in a Space Robot Fault Diagnosis • Integrating Problem-Solving Methods into Mathematics Luigi Portinale and Pietro Torasso CYC Simon G. Colton, Alan Bundy and Toby Walsh James S. Aitken and Dimitrios Sklavakis

4 pm – 5.30 pm MACHINE LEARNING QUALITATIVE REASONING AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPLICATIONS Data Mining DIAGNOSIS Applications 3 • Efficient Mining of Statistical Dependencies Diagnosis 2 • Visual Planning: A Practical Approach to Tim Oates, Matthew D. Schmill and • Utilizing Device Function in Structure-Based Automated Presentation Design Paul R. Cohen Diagnosis Michelle X. Zhou • Towards Efficient Metaquerying Adnan Y. Darwiche • A Case Based Approach to the Generation Rachel Ben-Eliyahu-Zohary and Ehud Gudes • Automatic Diagnosis of Student Programs in of Musical Expression • Efficient SQL-Querying Method for Data Programming Learning Environments Taizan Suzuki, Takenobu Tokunaga and Mining in Large Data Bases Songwen Xu and Yam San Chee Hozumi Tanaka Son H. Nguyen • Structured Modeling Language for Automated • Using Focus Rules in Requirements Elicitation Modeling in Causal Networks Dialogues Yousri El Fattah Renaud Lecoeuche, Catherine Barry and Dave Robertson

22 IJCAI-99 TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Room: Aulan 456 203 / 204 307 Norra Latin Norra Latin Folkets Hus Folkets Hus

AUTOMATED REASONING SEARCH DISTRIBUTED AI Reasoning About Action 1 Search 1 Economic Models 2: Auctions • The Ramification Problem in the Event • A Search in a Small World • An Algorithm for Optimal Winner Calculus Toby Walsh Determination in Combinatorial Auctions Murray Shanahan • A Switching from Bidirectional to Tuomas W. Sandholm • Logic-Based Subsumption Architecture Unidirectional Search • Taming the Computational Complexity of Eyal Amir and Pedrito U. Maynard-Reid II Hermann Kaindl, Gerhard Kainz, Combinatorial Auctions: Optimal and • Automata Theory for Reasoning About Actions Roland Steiner, Andreas Auer and Approximate Approaches Eugenia Ternovskaia Klaus Radda Yuzo Fujishima, Kevin Leyton-Brown and • A Divide and Conquer Bidirectional Search: Yoav Shoham First Results • Speeding Up Ascending-Bid Auctions Richard E. Korf Yuzo Fujishima, David McAdams and Yoav Shoham

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AUTOMATED REASONING SEARCH COGNITIVE MODELING Natural Language Processing 2 Reasoning About Action 2 Search 2 Cognitive Modeling 1 • Combining Weak Knowledge Sources for • Projection Using Regression and Sensors • Improvements to the Evaluation of Quantified • An Anthropocentric Tool for Decision Making Sense Disambiguation Giuseppe De Giacomo and Hector J. Levesque Boolean Formulae Support Mark Stevenson and Yorick Wilks • Expressive Reasoning about Action in Jussi T. Rintanen Elisabeth Le Saux, Philippe Lenca, • Classifying Texts Integrating Pattern Matching Nondeterministic Polynomial Time • An Experimental Study of Phase Transitions Philippe Picouet and Jean-Pierre Barthelemy and Information Extraction Thomas Drakengren and Marcus Bjareland in Matching • Autonomous Concept Formation Fabio Ciravegna, Alberto Lavelli, • A Logic of Intention Attilio Giordana, Marco Botta and Edwin D. de Jong Luca Gilardoni, Johannes Matiasek, Xiaoping Chen and Guiquan Liu Lorenza Saitta • Reasoning About Actions in Narrative Nadia Mana, Silvia Mazza, Massimo Ferraro, • Optimizing Recursive Information-Gathering Understanding William J Black, Fabio Rinaldi and Plans Srinivas Narayanan David Mowatt Eric Lambrecht, Subbarao Kambhampati and Senthil Gnanaprakasam

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AUTOMATED REASONING SEARCH COGNITIVE MODELING Natural Language Processing 3: Learning Belief Revision Genetic Algorithms Cognitive Modeling 2 • Learning in Natural Language • A Foundational Approach to Belief Change • Coevolution, Memory and Balance • Using a Cognitive Architecture to Plan Dialogs Dan Roth James P. Delgrande Jan Paredis for the Adaptive Explanation of Proofs • An Evaluation of Criteria for Measuring the • Postulates for Conditional Belief Revision • Genetic Heuristic for Search Space Exploration Armin Fiedler Quality of Clusters Gabriele Kern-Isberner Manuel Clergue and Philippe Collard • Investigating the Emergence of Speech Bhavani Raskutti and Christopher Leckie • An Inconsistency Tolerant Model for Belief Sounds • Relational Learning for NLP Using Linear Representation and Belief Revision Bart G. de Boer Threshold Elements Samir Chopra and Rohit J. Parikh • Computer Aided Tracing of Children's Physics Roni Khardon, Dan Roth and Leslie G. Valiant Learning: a Teacher Oriented View Filippo Neri

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AUTOMATED REASONING SOFTWARE AGENTS COGNITIVE MODELING Natural Language Processing 4: Resource-Bounded Reasoning • Designing Comprehensible Agents Cognitive Modeling 3: Spatial Reasoning Information Retrieval • Programming Resource-Bounded Deliberative Phoebe J. Sengers • Diagrammatic Proofs • Combining General Hand-Made and Agents • Behavior Networks for Continuous Domains Norman Y. Foo, Maurice Pagnucco and Automatically Constructed Thesauri for Query Michael Fisher and Chiara Ghidini Using Situation-Dependent Motivations Abhaya C. Nayak Expansion in Information Retrieval • Exploiting a Common Property Resource Klaus Dorer • Modeling the Basic Meanings of Path Rila Mandala, Takenobu Tokunaga and Under a Fairness Constraint: A Case Study • Rights, Duties and Commitments between Relations Hozumi Tanaka Michel Lemaitre, Grard Verfaillie and Agents Christian Kray and Anselm Blocher • Towards Multi-paper Summarization Using Nicolas Bataille Leendert WN van der Torre and Yao-Hua Tan Reference Information • Maximization of the Average Quality of Hidetsugu Nanba and Manabu Okumura Anytime Contract Algorithms over a • How Latent is Latent Semantic Analysis? Time Interval Peter M. Wiemer-Hastings Arnaud Delhay, Max Dauchet, Patrick Taillibert and Philippe Vanheeghe

23 COMMITTEES IJCAI-99

IJCAI Committees

LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE IJCAII ORGANIZATION NISAC (NORDIC IJCAI SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE) Chair Trustees Carl Gustaf Jansson, Stockholm University and Michael P. Georgeff (President), Australian Chair Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) Artificial Intelligence Institute (Australia) Erik Sandewall, Linköping University (Sweden) Luigia Carlucci Aiello, Università di Roma Vice Chair and Conference Arrangements Chair ”La Sapienza” (Italy) Agnar Aamodt, NTNU, Trondheim (Norway) Anita Kollerbaur, Stockholm University and Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) Hector Levesque, University of Toronto (Canada) Niels Ole Bernsen, Odense University (Denmark) C. Raymond Perrault, SRI International (USA) Henrik Christensen, Royal Institute of Technology, Subcommittee Chairs Stockholm (Sweden) Wolfgang Wahlster, German Research Center Tord Dahl, Financial Chair, Stockholm University for AI (Germany) Patrick Doherty, Linköping University (Sweden) and Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) Thomas Dean, Brown University (USA) Patrik Eklund, University of Umeå (Sweden) Lars Mollberg, Fund-Raising Chair, Ericsson Telecom (Sweden) Bernhard Nebel, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Joergen Fischer Nilsson, Technical University of Freiburg (Germany) Denmark (Denmark) Kersti Hedman, Exhibition Chair, SITI (Sweden) Peter Gärdenfors, University of Lund (Sweden) Henrik Eriksson, Affiliate Events Chair, Linköping Secretariat University (Sweden) Lars Kai Hansen, Denmark´s Technical University Ronald J. Brachman (Secretary-Treasurer), AT&T (Denmark) Liaision Officers & Representatives for Labs - Research (USA) Timo Honkela, Helsinki University of Technology AI Societies Priscilla Rasmussen, Academic and Research (Finland) Erik Sandewall, NISAC Liaison, Linköping Conference Services (USA) Sture Hägglund, Linköping University (Sweden) University (Sweden) Peter Johansen, University of Copenhagen Silvia Coradeschi, RoboCup Liaison, Linköping Former Trustees (Denmark) University (Sweden) Barbara J. Grosz, Harvard University (USA) Christen Krogh, University of Oslo (Norway) Agnar Aamodt, NAIS, Norwegian University of Wolfgang Bibel, Technische Hochschule Science and Technology (Norway) Jan Komorowski, The Norwegian Institute of Darmstadt (Germany) Technology (Norway) Patrick Doherty, SAIS, Linköping University Alan Bundy, University of Edinburgh (Scotland) (Sweden) Bente Maegaard, University of Copenhagen Alan Mackworth, University of British Columbia (Denmark) Timo Honkela, FAIS, Helsinki University of (Canada) Technology (Finland). From 1999 replaced by Brian Mayoh, Aarhus University (Denmark) Heikki Hyötyniemi, Helsinki University (Finland) Saul Amarel, Rutgers University (USA) Ilkka Niemelä, Helsinki University of Technology Brian Mayoh, DAIS, Aarhus University (Denmark) Patrick J. Hayes, University of West Florida (USA) (Finland) Other Members Raj Reddy, Carnegie Mellon University (USA) John Perram, University of Odense (Denmark) Sture Hägglund, Linköping University (Sweden) Erik Sandewall, Linköping University (Sweden) Anna Sågvall-Hein, Uppsala University (Sweden) Rune Gustavsson, University College of Alistair D.C. Holden (deceased), University of Annika Waern, Swedish Institute of Computer Carlskrona/Ronneby (Sweden) Washington (USA) Science (SICS)/ SITI (Sweden) Åsa Rudström, Stockholm University and Royal Max B. Clowes (deceased), formerly University Karl Johan Åström, Lunds Institute of Institute of Technology (Sweden) of Sussex (UK) Technology (Sweden) Diana Sidarkeviciute, Royal Institute of Donald E. Walker (deceased), formerly Bellcore Technology (Sweden) (USA) IJCAI-99 Conference Committee, see page 3. Enn Tyugu, Royal Institute of Technology Woodrow W. Bledsoe (deceased), formerly (Sweden) University of Texas (USA) IJCAI-99 Advisory Committee, see page 3. Peter Wahlgren, Stockholm University (Sweden) IJCAI-99 Program Committee, see page 4.

Several bridges connect the islands and areas of land that comprise the city of Stockholm. One of the longest is “Västerbron” (West Bridge), which is an important link between the northern and southern central parts of town. PHOTO: JAN ASPLUND

24 IJCAI-99 GENERAL INFORMATION

Information on Venue

STOCKHOLM – BEAUTY ON WATER CITY CONFERENCE CENTRE You can also contact the Stockholm Stockholm – the Royal Capital of Sweden The 16th International Joint Conference Information Service: – is one of the most beautiful cities in the on Artificial Intelligence will be held at the P.O. Box 7542, SE-103 93 Stockholm, world. It is situated on 14 islands and City Conference Centre. Phone: +46 8 789 24 00, laced by water so clean that you can fish The City Conference Centre/Norra Fax: +46 8 789 24 50. and swim in it right in the middle of the Latin, is one of Europe’s largest and most Visiting address in Stockholm: city. beautiful congress and conference facili- Hamngatan 27, Sweden House. Stockholm became the capital of Swe- ties. It is located in the center of Stock- den 700 years ago, and is today a modern holm, at walking distance from the Cen- BANKS city with more than 1 million inhabitants. tral Railway Station and Air Bus Terminal In the picturesque winding alleyways of (see map on brochure cover page). Most banks open at 9.30 am and close the city’s medieval Old Town section, the Norra Latin, the magnificent old gram- between 3pm and 4.30 pm. The banks very air is redolent with history. The Old mar school in Florentine Reinassance style closest to the venue are: Town is well known for its excellent from 1880, has recently been renovated. Nordbanken, Sveavägen 14, restaurants and shopping facilities, and It now offers all conference amenities and open 10 am to 4 pm within a few minutes’ walking distance is provides an excellent setting for IJCAI-99. Handelsbanken, Sveavägen 17 the throbbing pulse of a modern city. An open 10 am to 3 pm optional guided tour will be held August 2. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Föreningssparbanken, Vasagatan 27 Since 1901 the city has been the venue (Norra Bantorget) of the Nobel Prize Ceremony (see picture Stockholm’s public transportation system open 9:30 am to 3 pm on brochure cover), the most prestigious is safe, very efficient and convenient. It of all meetings – and indeed the city consists of buses, trains and underground. makes a fitting venue. The reasons are In the city, hotels, museums, shops and POST OFFICES basic, facilities and experience are excel- restaurants are generally within walking Post offices are generally open between lent, the city’s infrastructure is good and distance, which makes Stockholm an ideal 9 am and 6 pm. it is a safe place to be. city for strolls. There are two post offices close to City The city offers many attractive options Conference Center. One is located at the for visitors. Perhaps the most breathtaking CURRENCY Central Station, open Monday – Friday scenery of all awaits visitors to the archi- from 7 am to 10 pm, on Saturdays/Sun- The official currency is Swedish Krona pelago, which with 24,000 islands is one days from 10 am to 7 pm (no parcels). (SEK). USD 1 = Approx. SEK 8. of the largest archipelagos in the world. The other post office is located at Sveavä- (June 1999). Why not take a steamship trip out there? gen 31, open Monday – Friday from 7 am You can be away all day or just a few to 7 pm, on Saturdays 10 am to 2 pm. hours. If you are interested in history you TIPPING can visit the famous Open Air Museum or When buying services in Sweden such as WHERE TO EAT the Wasa Museum. An optional guided restaurants, hotels, sightseeing, etc., Lunches are not included in the registra- tour will be held at the Wasa Museum on tipping is not required. August 3. There will be a one hour cruise tion fee. Coffee will be served mornings through the archipelago ending with and afternoons at several stations near the TAX-FREE IJCAI-99 Dinner at Vaxholm Fortress on conference rooms. August 4. Non-European Union citizens have tax- There are many restaurants, fast food, Stockholm is also one of the communi- free shopping privileges for goods that are economic and luxury class, in the sur- cation hubs and economical and cultural packed and sealed in the shop, and are roundings of City Conference Centre. centres of the Nordic area. Arlanda Air- meant for use outside the border of Most of them are open both for lunch and port handles some 200 flights daily to and Sweden. You receive a form when you dinners. The restaurant at City Conference from 40 countries on five continents. make the purchase, and when you leave Centre will be open for lunch, but not for There are direct flights from most major the country, most of the VAT is refunded. dinner. cities in Europe and from the large cities Lunch Dinner in the U.S and easy connections from the Fast food 35-45 50-100 TOURIST INFORMATION rest of the world. Economy 55-65 250 (3 dishes) Stockholm is like a Swedish Smörgås- The Conference Secretariat will be most Deluxe 85-150 400-500 (3 dishes) bord – it has everything. happy to give you more information about Stockholm, book tour tickets, and make Restaurant costs in Sweden. Breakfast is restaurant reservations or assist you in any normally included in hotel prices. Prices in SEK. other way during your stay in Stockholm.

25 GENERAL INFORMATION IJCAI-99

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES MESSAGE BOARD TELEPHONES The IJCAII office will be in room 510, A message board for your convenience is Public telephones for domestic and inter- Folkets Hus. located near the IJCAI-99 registration national calls are located close to the The IJCAI-99 administrative office will desk. Please check regularly for messages. reception desk at Norra Latin. At Folkets be in room 406 in Folkets Hus. Hus you will find the telephones at the Volunteer headquarters at the IJCAI-99 entrance and at the second floor. Tele- INTERNET Registration Desk in Marmorvalvet, Norra phones operate by telephone card, which Latin, will be open from 8 am - 6 pm. Internet access will be provided in room may be purchased at the reception desks 300, Folkets Hus. The room will be open in Norra Latin and Folkets Hus. daily 8 am to 6 pm from July 29 to SPEAKER READY ROOM August 6. Room 201, Folkets Hus. The room will be open from 8 am to 6 pm daily from July 31 to August 6. On July 30 the room will be open from 2 pm to 5 pm. Assistance will be available.

CANCELLATIONS VAT

Cancellations of registration All prices in Sweden include VAT, in most in SEK; if presented in other currency, the Cancellations of registrations will not be cases 25%. rate of exchange should be stated. Please accepted after June 15th 1999. We regret note that sales slipes or receipts from Who gets the VAT refunded? that no refunds can be made for cancella- credit cards are not accepted. tions received after June 15th 1999. The first rule is that only enterprises/orga- Back home the application has to be nizations can get the VAT repaid, not pri- filled in and signed by the applicant/per- Cancellation of hotel reservation vate persons. However, some enterprises son authorized to sign for the Cancellation of any hotel reservation will are excluded: companies providing health company/authorized agent. not be accepted after June 15th 1999. We care, banks, and insurance companies. In order to ensure an expeditious pro- regret that the hotel deposit cannot be Universities/schools get VAT repaid in cessing of a claim, please make sure that refunded after June 15th 1999. most cases. the documents listed above are enclosed. An application must be sent no later than What is needed to get the VAT refunded? Cancellation of social events six months after the end of the calendar - an application form must be filled in year to which it refers. Cancellation of social events will not be and sent to the Special Tax Office in The Special Tax Office will investigate accepted after July 29th 1999. For cancel- Sweden your application. VAT will be refunded as lations received up to July 29th 1999, the soon as possible. Payment can be made to payments will be refunded less 50%. - the originals of invoices or comparable documents with specified VAT your bank account. It is very important to fill in the complete name, address and Disclaimer - members in the European Union should bank code including SWIFT code and The Organizing Committee and Congrex add a VAT Registration Certificate account-holder. Sweden AB accept no liability for injuries/ - members outside the European Union losses of any nature incurred by partici- should add a Cooperation Certificate Questions pants and/or accompanying persons, nor Registration that clearly shows business Advice about how to fill in the application for loss or damage to their luggage and/or status. personal belongings. form can be obtained at the IJCAI-99 The application form is included in your registration desk. Questions regarding conference package. VAT refund are being answered by the All receipts, invoices or other docu- Special Tax Office, phone number ments should be in original, and explicitly (+46) 0240-870 00. Telephone hours: specify the VAT. The sums should be 9 am to 3 pm, Monday–Friday.

26 IJCAI-99 EXHIBITION AND ROBOCUP

Exhibition Program

The Swedish Research Institute for Infor- technologies. Moreover it will serve as a • Second floor: publishers, foundations mation Technology (SITI) has the pleasure meeting place and showroom for the con- and institutions to invite you to the IJCAI-99 Exhibition. ference. • Third floor: IJCAI-99 sponsors The exhibition is open from August 3 to The exhibition area is distributed on August 6, 10 am to 5 pm in Folkets Hus. three floors as follows: SITI welcomes all participants to the The goal is to illustrate AI techniques • First floor: companies, science projects IJCAI-99 Exhibition! as ubiquitous elements of most and research groups

Robot World Cup Soccer Games and Conferences 29 July – 4 August, 1999

REAL ROBOT F180 LEAGUE SONY LEGGED ROBOT LEAGUE The Robot World Cup, RoboCup, is an international initiative to foster AI and Teams of up to five real robots of small The RoboCup-99 Sony legged robot intelligent robotics research by provid- size (approximately 15 cm in diameter) league takes place in a carpeted field, with ing a standard problem, a soccer game, compete in a field of a size of a table landmarks and goals. Each team consists in which a wide range of technologies tennis table. This year 18 teams partici- of three legged robots. This year 9 teams can be integrated and examined. pate in the competition. The preliminaries will participate to the competition. The This is the third RoboCup event. (from the 29th till the 31st of July) take competition takes place from the 29th of The competitions take place in Stock- place in Electrum, Kista (blue under- July to the 4th of August in Norra Latin. holm, in conjunction with IJCAI-99. ground with direction Akalla), while the quarter finals, semi finals and finals take place in Norra Latin (the same locality as WORKSHOP The first Robot World Cup, RoboCup-97, the IJCAI conference). was held in Nagoya, Japan, in August The workshop ABS-4, see page 7, presents 1997, and included the participation of and discusses technical details of the more than 40 teams. The second Robot REAL ROBOT F2000 LEAGUE robots and software agents that partici- World Cup, RoboCup-98, was held in pate in the competition, as well as other Paris, in July 1998, and more than 50 Teams of up to five real robots of medium research and educational topics related to teams participated. size (approximately 50 cm in diameter) RoboCup. A post-workshop proceedings In order for a team of robot agents to compete on a 9 by 5 meters field. This will be published by Springer-Verlag as actually play a soccer game, different tech- year 21 teams participate in the competi- part of Lecture Notes on Artificial nologies need to be integrated, including tion. The preliminaries (from the 29th Intelligence (LNAI). design principles of autonomous agents, to the 31st of July) will be played in multi-agent collaboration, strategy acquisi- Electrum, Kista, while the quarter finals, semi finals and finals take place in tion, real-time reasoning, sensor-fusion, FINALS and learning. RoboCup is a task for a Norra Latin. team of multiple fast-moving robot agents The Finals, on Wednesday the 4th of in a dynamic, nondeterministic and SIMULATION LEAGUE August will be held from 12.45 –17.15 in adversarial environment. the following order: Software agents play soccer using the • Simulation League RoboCup soccer server simulator, avail- • Sony Legged Robot League able from the RoboCup web page. The • Small Robot League RoboCup Simulator League is a part of • Middle Size Robot League IJCAI’s official Challenge Paper Program, where successful results will be reported at For additional information please refer to IJCAI-99. This year 35 teams participate RoboCup web page: http://www.robocup.org/ in the competition. The competition will RoboCup-99 web page: take place from the 29th of July to the 4th http://www.ida.liu.se/ext/RoboCup-99/ of August in Norra Latin.LEGGED ROBOTS

27 SOCIAL PROGRAM IJCAI-99

Social Program (All prices include VAT)

JAN ASPLUND

FOR PARTICIPANTS AND ACCOMPANYING PERSONS

MONDAY 2 AUGUST, 5.30 PM Opening Ceremony and Welcome Reception Opening Ceremony in City Conference Centre followed by Welcome Reception at the Stockholm City Hall hosted by the City of Stockholm. The Ceremony and reception are included in the technical program fee and fee for accompanying persons.

WEDNESDAY 4 AUGUST Dinner at Vaxholm Fortress Price per person SEK 600. Boats will take you from the city’s center at 6 pm for a one-hour cruise through the Stockholm Archipelago ending at This picture shows the exterior of the Vasa Museum which is, according to a survey made in 1996, rated the Vaxholm Fortress. Upon arrival you will best museum in Stockholm. The warship Vasa capsized on her maiden voyage, August 10, 1628. On April 24, be served a traditional Swedish dinner in 1961, the ship broke the water surface again, after 333 years on the bottom of the sea. In the Vasa Museum’s ancient historic surroundings. large shiphall stands the carefully restored ship. This is the only remaining ship of its kind in the world still intact from the 17th century . The number of tickets for the Dinner are limited and will be distributed on a first-come-first-served basis.

ings. The two most dominant buildings on and lasts for 2 hours. Departure and OPTIONAL TOURS Gamla Stan are Stockholm Cathedral, return are outside the City Conference built in 1267 and therefore the oldest Centre. SUNDAY 1 AUGUST church in Stockholm, and the Royal Introduction to Stockholm – A Sightseeing Tour Palace, where the King and Queen still Price per person SEK 135. hold their official receptions and banquets. WEDNESDAY 4 AUGUST The best way of getting to know a city The tour starts at 2 pm in Gamla Stan at Art Tour quickly is to go on a sightseeing tour by Slottsbacken, by the Obelisk, and lasts for Price per person SEK 275. bus. This tour gives you an overall view of 2 hours. This tour will take you to two beautiful Stockholm. While passing well-known art museums in Stockholm. buildings, museums, and parks, your guide TUESDAY 3 AUGUST First, Millesgården, with its fountains, will tell you about shopping facilities, The Vasa Museum terraces and magnificent view of Stock- good restaurants and entertainment. Price per person SEK 155. holm, which was the home of the great The tour starts at 2 pm and lasts for Swedish sculptor Carl Milles (1875-1955). Enjoy a piece of Swedish history at the 1 1/2 to 2 hours. Departure and return are He is famous for his dramatic and techni- spectacular Vasa Museum, one of outside the City Conference Centre. cally daring work. A number of Milles’ Stockholm’s main attractions. The royal works are displayed in the beautiful warship Vasa sank on her maiden voyage MONDAY 2 AUGUST garden overlooking the sea. inside Stockholm Harbor, in 1628. After A Walk in Gamla Stan (the Old Town) Second, Waldermarsudde, which was 333 years underwater, she was raised from Price per person SEK 140. once the home of Prince Eugen, the her watery grave in 1961, and after sever- “Painter Prince”. His house, which con- A guided walk through Gamla Stan, al years of restoration she has now been tains his art collection, is now a museum Stockholm’s heart. This is the island on moved to her final resting place in the offering the informal charm of a private which Stockholm was originally built at spectacular museum. A guide will give a home. The tour starts at 9.30 am and lasts the beginning of the 13th century. Stroll fascinating account of the Vasa and of for 3 hours. Departure and return are out- down the narrow streets and discover what life was like onboard a warship in side the City Conference Centre. breathtaking sights and fascinating build- the 17th century. The tour starts at 10 am

28 IJCAI-99 MEETINGS

PHOTO: R.RYAN THURSDAY 5 AUGUST Drottningholm Palace Price per person SEK 310. Drottningholm Palace, just outside Stock- holm, dates from the 17th century and is modelled on Versailles. Today, the palace with its magnificent park is the Royal Family’s residence. The Court Theatre is one of the oldest in the world still in use. It is the only theatre that uses the original stage scenery from the 18th century. The tour starts at 1 pm and lasts for 3 1/2 hours. Departure and return are outside the City Conference Centre.

Tickets for the social program can be purchased at registration desk. Tickets will be distributed on a first- come-first-served basis. Congrex reserves the right to can- cel any of the tours if the number of participants should be too small.

Meetings

IJCAII TRUSTEES MEETING ECCAI – GENERAL ASSEMBLY IFIP TC-12 MEETING Monday, August 2, 8 am – 5 pm in Shera- Wednesday, August 4, 11.30 pm – Monday August 2, 10 am to 2 pm, in ton Hotel. A continuation will take place 2.30 pm, in room 357, Norra Latin. room 405, Folkets Hus. Thursday August 5, 8.30 pm – Noon in room 405, Folkets Hus. ECCAI – BOARD MEETING AIJ EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING Monday August 2, 4 pm to 5.30 pm, in Tuesday August 3, Noon to 2 pm, in room IJCAII EXECUTIVE MEETING room 405, Folkets Hus. 461, Norra Latin. Wednesday, August 4, 2 pm – 4 pm in room 405, Folkets Hus. ECCAI – FELLOWS BREAKFAST Wednesday August 4, 7.30 am – 8.30 am, IJCAII BUSINESS MEETING in Sheraton Hotel. Thursday, August 5, 12.30 pm – 2 pm in room A, Folkets Hus. This meeting is ECCAI – DISSERATION AWARDS open to all attendees. PRESENTATION Tuesday August 3, 12.05 pm – 1 pm, IJCAI-99 PROGRAM COMMITTEE room A, Folkets Hus. MEETING Wednesday, August 4, 12.30 pm – 2.30 pm, in Bruce’s Dining Rooms, Norra Latin. Lunch will be served.

29 IJCAI-2001 IJCAI-99

Next IJCAI Conference

Program Chair, IJCAI-2001 IJCAI-2001, SEATTLE, USA Prof. Bernhard Nebel AUGUST 5–10, 2001 Institut für Informatik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Am Flughafen 17, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany IJCAI-2001, the Seventeenth International Tel: +49-761-203 8221 Fax: +49-761-203 8222 Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, will be held August 5 through August 10 Local Arrangements Chair, IJCAI-2001 in Seattle, Washington, USA. James E. Hoard The Boeing Company It is sponsored by the International P.O. Box 3707; MS 7L-43 Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelli- Seattle, WA 98124-2207, USA gence, Inc. (IJCAII) and co-sponsored by Tel: +1-206-865-3262 Fax: +1-206-865-2965 AAAI (American Association for Artificial Ms. Carol Hamilton, AAAI, Intelligence). The meetings will take place 445 Burgess Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA at the Washington State Convention and Tel: +1-650-328-3123 Fax: +1-650-321-4457 Trade Center. Their web site is at http://wsctc.com/. Secretary-Treasurer IJCAI-2001 For further information contact one of Dr. Ronald J. Brachman the following: AT&T Labs-Research 180 Park Avenue, Room A221 Next IJCAI Conference will be held in Seattle, USA, P.O. Box 971 Florham Park, NJ 07932-0971, USA August 5 – August 10, 2001. Conference Chair, IJCAI-2001 Tel: +1-973-360 8300 Fax: +1-973-360 8896 Prof. Hector Levesque Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Pratt Building, Room 283 6 King’s College Road Toronto, ON M5S 3H5, Canada Tel: +1-416-978 3618 Fax: +1-416-978 1455

IMPORTANT ADDRESSES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS

Registration, hotel booking, social events and general information World Wide Web All matters regarding registration, hotel booking, social events and For the latest information about the Conference, please general information are handled by Congrex Sweden AB. visit the Conference homepage at: http://www.ijcai.org/ijcai-99

During the Conference all inquiries to: After the Conference: City Conference Centre Congrex Sweden AB PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE ORGANIZER Attn. IJCAI 99 Attn. IJCAI 99 Barnhusgatan 12-14 P.O. Box 5619 Congrex Sweden AB has been appointed Professional SE 107 26 STOCKHOLM SE-114 86 STOCKHOLM Conference Organizer. Congrex Partnership is an inter- Sweden Sweden national group of professional conference management Phone: + 46 8 506 166 00 Phone: +46 8 459 66 00 companies with offices in Europe, North America, Fax: + 46 8 468 10 90 71 Fax: +46 8 661 91 25 Latin America and Pacific Asia. E-mail: [email protected]

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