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BURUNDI Situation Sécuritaire COMMISSARIAT GÉNÉRAL AUX RÉFUGIÉS ET AUX APATRIDES COI Focus BURUNDI Situation sécuritaire 31 mars 2017 (mise à jour) Cedoca Langue de l’original : français DISCLAIMER: Ce document COI a été rédigé par le Centre de documentation et de This COI-product has been written by Cedoca, the Documentation and recherches (Cedoca) du CGRA en vue de fournir des informations pour le Research Department of the CGRS, and it provides information for the traitement des demandes d’asile individuelles. Il ne traduit aucune politique processing of individual asylum applications. The document does not contain ni n’exprime aucune opinion et ne prétend pas apporter de réponse définitive policy guidelines or opinions and does not pass judgment on the merits of quant à la valeur d’une demande d’asile. Il a été rédigé conformément aux the asylum application. It follows the Common EU Guidelines for processing lignes directrices de l’Union européenne pour le traitement de l’information country of origin information (April 2008) and is written in accordance with sur le pays d’origine (avril 2008) et il a été rédigé conformément aux dispositions légales en vigueur. the statutory legal provisions. Ce document a été élaboré sur la base d’un large éventail d’informations The author has based the text on a wide range of public information selected publiques soigneusement sélectionnées dans un souci permanent de with care and with a permanent concern for crosschecking sources. Even recoupement des sources. L’auteur s’est efforcé de traiter la totalité des though the document tries to cover all the relevant aspects of the subject, the aspects pertinents du sujet mais les analyses proposées ne visent pas text is not necessarily exhaustive. If certain events, people or organisations nécessairement à l’exhaustivité. Si certains événements, personnes ou are not mentioned, this does not mean that they did not exist. organisations ne sont pas mentionnés dans ce document, cela ne signifie All the sources used are briefly mentioned in a footnote and described in pas qu’ils n’ont jamais existé. detail in a bibliography at the end of the document. Sources which have Toutes les sources utilisées sont référencées de manière simplifiée dans les been consulted but which were not used are listed as consulted sources. In notes en bas de page. À la fin du document, une bibliographie reprend les exceptional cases, sources are not mentioned by name. When specific références bibliographiques complètes. Les sources simplement consultées sont également reprises dans une liste. Dans des cas exceptionnels, la information from this document is used, the user is asked to quote the source n’est pas mentionnée nommément. En cas d’utilisation d’une source mentioned in the bibliography. information spécifique contenue dans ce document, il convient de citer la This document can only be published or distributed with the written consent source telle que mentionnée dans la bibliographie. of the Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless La publication ou la diffusion du présent document est interdite sauf accord Persons. écrit du Commissariat général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides. WTC II, Boulevard du Roi Albert II, 26 A, 1000 BRUXELLES T 02 205 51 11 F 02 205 51 24 [email protected] www.cgra.be BURUNDI. Situation sécuritaire 31 mars 2017 (mise à jour) Table des matières Principaux sigles utilisés .................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 5 1. Bref historique ............................................................................................................... 7 2. État actuel du conflit ...................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Controverse du troisième mandat .................................................................................. 8 2.2. Escalade de la violence ................................................................................................. 9 2.3. Communauté internationale et rapports avec la Belgique ................................................. 10 2.3.1. Médiation par la communauté internationale ............................................................. 10 2.3.2. Relations bilatérales ............................................................................................... 11 3. Parties combattantes ................................................................................................... 12 3.1. Forces de sécurité ....................................................................................................... 12 3.1.1. Forces de défense nationale (FDN) .......................................................................... 13 3.1.2. Police nationale burundaise (PNB) ........................................................................... 14 3.1.3. Service national des renseignements (SNR) .............................................................. 14 3.2. Imbonerakure ............................................................................................................ 15 3.3. Groupes d’opposition armés ......................................................................................... 16 3.3.1. Forces républicaines du Burundi (FOREBU) ............................................................... 16 3.3.2. Résistance pour un État de droit au Burundi Tabara (RED Tabara) ............................... 17 3.3.3. Forces nationales de libération (FNL) – Aloys Nzabampema ........................................ 18 3.3.4. Recrutement et infiltration de rebelles burundais dans les pays voisins ......................... 19 3.3.5. Autres groupes armés ............................................................................................ 19 3.4. Conseil national pour le respect de l’accord d’Arusha et de l’État de droit (CNARED) ............ 20 4. Typologie de la violence ............................................................................................... 20 4.1. Propagation de la violence et de la répression ................................................................ 21 4.2. Affrontements armés ................................................................................................... 22 4.3. L’aspect ethnique du conflit et le risque de génocide ....................................................... 23 4.4. Arrestations et détentions, torture, exécutions et disparitions ........................................... 24 4.4.1. Arrestations .......................................................................................................... 24 4.4.2. Torture................................................................................................................. 25 4.4.3. Exécutions et disparitions ....................................................................................... 26 4.4.4. Impunité .............................................................................................................. 27 4.5. Criminalité ................................................................................................................. 27 5. Cibles de la violence ..................................................................................................... 28 5.1. Cibles civiles .............................................................................................................. 30 5.2. Opposants et dissidents ; représentants du pouvoir ........................................................ 30 5.3. Presse et société civile................................................................................................. 32 5.4. Ressortissants rwandais et autres étrangers ................................................................... 33 5.5. Tutsi ......................................................................................................................... 34 5.6. Burundais qui ont résidé dans des pays limitrophes ......................................................... 34 6. Répartition géographique ............................................................................................. 35 7. Déplacements de population ........................................................................................ 38 7.1. Réfugiés .................................................................................................................... 38 7.2. Déplacement interne ................................................................................................... 40 8. Impact de la violence sur la vie quotidienne ................................................................ 41 8.1. Impact économique et humanitaire ............................................................................... 41 8.2. Secteurs publics (santé, éducation) ............................................................................... 43 8.3. Vie quotidienne et liberté de mouvement ....................................................................... 44 Résumé ............................................................................................................................ 46 Bibliographie .................................................................................................................... 47 Page 2 de 89 CG – 825 F BURUNDI. Situation sécuritaire 31 mars 2017 (mise à jour) Principaux sigles utilisés ACLED Armed Conflict Location & Event
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