DOCSLIB.ORG

The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18156-4 — The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information Index Abizaid, John, US general 438 box China 469–470 ighters 332 Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Russia and 446 effect of technocratic foreign policy on 467 Harrier jump-jets 410, 478 Abrams, Creighton, US general, Vietnam 403 English 99 helicopters 399, 411 Abu Ghraib prison, Afghanistan 440 German (before World War II) 333–336 Hurricane 344, 478 Actium, battle of (31 BC) 58 in Western military tradition 5, 454, 458 jet 390 Adhémar, bishop of Le Puy 87 Agilulf, king of Lombards 70 P-51 Mustang 371 Admiralty Islands 381 Agincourt, battle of (1415) 99 Spitire 344, 480 Adrianople, battle of (378) 67 agrarian warfare 12, 19 Stealth bombers 414, 415, 480 Aelian 457 agriculture terrorist attacks on commercial 419, 453 Tactics 4, 5, 163 ancient Greek 14, 15 Tornado 415 Aemilius Paulus, Roman general 45 Roman corporate (latifundia) 53 Vulcan bomber 410 Aeneas the Tactician (c. 360 BC) 29 Aidid, Mohamed Farrah 417 and war on U-boats 369 aerial bombardment air warfare World War I 289, 298 irst use 279 air defence 331, 332, 414 ‘Zero’ Japanese ighter 381, 481 Guernica 334 air superiority 331 aircraft carriers 261 of ISIS 452 and aircraft carriers 332 American 332, 380 limitations 425 British air power (1913) 230 British 410 NATO (former Yugoslavia) 421, 422, 425 close air support 331, 334 Japanese 379 ‘Rolling Thunder’ (Vietnam) 401 ‘inger-four’ 477 Aire-sur-la-Lys, siege of (1641) 159 Syrian ‘barrel bombs’ 451 ground support for air campaign (Gulf Aisne, river, German retreat to 294 World War II strategic 331–332, 370–371, War) 414 Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), Treaty of 378, 384 interdiction 331 (1748) 192 aerial photography, and artillery precision interwar doctrine and development 331–332 Alans 70 targeting 317 Japanese ‘kamikaze’ 383, 478 Alba, Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, duke Aeschylus, dramatist 21, 26 naval 333 of, Spanish general 5, 159 Aetius, Roman general 66, 67 reconnaissance 331 strategy 161, 162 Afghanistan terror bombing (Spanish Civil War) 334 box Albania 335, 346 Alexander in 45 World War II 370–373 ‘Alberich’ retreat, to Siegfried Line 312 bin Laden in 428 Battle of Britain 343–345 Albert of Wallenstein see Wallenstein democratic elections 430 strategic bombing 331–332 Alberti, Leon Battista, On the Art of Building ISAF 448 of France 372 (1440s) 115 religious radicalism 423 of Germany (1945) 378 Albright, Madeleine 467 Taliban guerrilla insurgency 428, 448, 450, of Japan 384 Alcaeus, Greek poet 14 480 Strategic Bombing Survey 480 Aleppo, Syria 451 US bombardment (2001) 430 V-1 lying bombs 370 map, 480 Alert, paddle steamer 298 US Surge 449–450 V-2 rockets 6, 370–372 map, 480 Alexander I, tsar of Russia 214, 216, 231 war in (from 2008) 448–450 see also aerial bombardment; Luftwaffe; Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia 3, 5, Africa Royal Air Force 42–45 colonial boundaries 463 aircraft 261 battle strategy 43 ethnic tensions 463 B-17 bomber 371 logistics 43 Roman expansion into 52 B-24 bomber 372 medieval admiration for 106, 109 see also Egypt; Libya; north Africa; South B-29 bomber 384 tactics 42 Africa B-52 bombers 404, 476 Alexius, Byzantine emperor 89 Agesilaus, king of Sparta 26, 42 Bf 109 (Luftwaffe) 345, 476 Alfonso X, king of Castile, Siete aggression F6F ‘Hellcat’ ighter 381, 478 Partidas 109 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18156-4 — The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information 516 INDEX Alfred the Great, of Wessex 79 and disease 150–151 Appian, historian burg defences 79, 80, 86 domesticated animals 149 on Cannae 51 defence in depth 90 European disputes in 151 on Roman agriculture 53 size of army 86 European strategic alliances with indigenous Appomattox, Confederate surrender at Algeria, civil war 422 groups 146–147 (1865) 249 Algerian War 396–398 European technological advantage 141, Aquileia, fortiied city 67 and independence (1962) 398 147–149 Aquitaine Algonkian Indians, Canada 139 fortiications 151–152 English raid from (1355) 100 Aljubarrota, battle of 96 introduction of horses 149–150 Pepin’s conquest of (762) 74 Allawi, Ayad, Iraq 444 lack of iron 138 Arab Spring (from 2010) 447 Allerheim, battle of 167 native weapons 138, 141 Arab–Israeli Wars 405–409 Alma, battle of the (1854) 236 Spanish empire 137, 142 1948–9 405 Almagro, Diego de, conquistador, in Peru 146 see also American colonies; Canada; 1956 (Suez Crisis) 406 Almond, Edward, US general, and Korea 389 Iroquois; United States of America 1967 (Six Day War) 406–407 Alsace Amherst, Jeffrey, British general 194 1973 (Yom Kippur War) 407, 408–409 Allied occupation (1919) 328 Amiens, British and imperial forces at archers French loss of 254, 256 (1918) 322 Agincourt 99 Ambrones 52 Amiens, Treaty of (1802) 224 combined with cavalry 97 American Civil War (1861–5) 237–249 Ammianus Marcellinus, late Roman compulsory practice 108 Confederate armies historian 68 and defence of stone castles 83 Army of Northern Virginia 238, 246 ammunition Greek Army of Tennessee 246, 248 exploding artillery shells 232, 237 mounts for 104 Confederate surrender 249 grapeshot 478 Near East (classical) 17 costs of 249 Minié rile bullets 233, 479 Poitiers 99 inal stages 246–249 ‘amok combats’, Indonesia 2, 476 see also bows and arrows logistics 238, 242, 245, 246, 249 amputation 156 Archilochus, Greek poet 16 size of armies 238 artiicial limbs 156, 326 Ardennes Union armies Anastasius, Byzantine emperor 72 Battle of the Bulge (1944) 377 Army of the Cumberland 245 Andrade, Tonio 110, 469 German advance through (1940) 339, 340, Army of the James 246 Angers, France, select levy 86 341 map Army of the Potomac 238, 239, 244, Anglo-Dutch Wars (late 17th cent.) 133, 134 Ardent, HMS 411 246–248 Anglo-Japanese treaty (1902) 276 Argentina Army of the Tennessee 238, 241–242 Anglo-Saxon warfare 79–80, 86 and Falklands War (1982) 409–412 Army of Virginia 240 Angola, civil war 422 air raids 411 war in the East (1861–2) 239–241 Anna Comnena, Byzantine princess 88 invasion of Falklands 409 war in the West (1861–2) 241–243, Antelope, HMS 410, 411 Aridius, Gallo-Roman magnate 74, 75 245–246 Antietam, battle of (1862) 240, 241 Armadas 476 American colonies, militias 164, 199, 200 Antigonus, Macedonian general 45 Dutch (1688) 130 box, 134 American Continental Congress 199 Antioch Spanish (1588) 130 box, 131, 132, 157 American War of Independence Roman garrison 60 armies (1775–81) 199–203198–203 siege of (1098) 87 administrative systems 155 France and 200 Antiochus, Greek ambassador 42 quartermaster 479 guerrilla warfare 202 Antipater, Macedonian general 45 combat divisions (Napoleonic) 211 South Carolina campaign 201, 202–203 Antonine Wall 76 corps organization 211, 477 box Antwerp 116, 120 and delegated battleield decision-making war in the South 201–202 World War I 290, 326 (World War I) 317, 479 Americas World War II 376, 377 foraging 212 adaptation by native peoples of iron ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand Army insignia, uniforms and equipment 158–161 technology 138, 149 Corps), Dardanelles 302, 303 permanent regiments 158–159 coastal fortiications 152 Anzio, Allied landing (1944) 367 platoon 479 conquest of 138–152 Apache nation 267 problems of maintenance and logistics 167 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18156-4 — The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information Index 517 armies (cont.) Macedonian 45 Atlantic Conveyor, SS 411 rise of professional 155–157 mobile ield guns 204, 207 atomic weapons size of ‘Mons Meg’ bombard 112 World War II 7, 370–371, 384–385 Anglo-Saxon 86 mortars 177, 479 see also nuclear weapons Byzantium 72, 82 nitrate explosives 261 atrocities Charles V’s 109, 117 precision iring 317 in 17th-cent. war 170 box German states 87 precision-guided 414, 460 see also massacres; war crimes medieval 82, 92, 103–104 recoil-absorbing gun carriages 261 attack in depth 315, 317, 476 Roman 59, 67 and siege warfare 90 Attila the Hun Vandals 67, 71 transport of cannons 102, 113, 167 invasion of Gaul (451) 66 skirmishes and small engagements 169 use in Americas 139 use of battering rams 75 supply systems 178, 212 use in medieval battles 113 attrition 476 technological advances 261 see also artillery, naval; cannons; catapult; Verdun 304 see also British army; cavalry; discipline; missiles Augustus Caesar, Roman emperor 58 French army; infantry; mercenaries; artillery fortresses 6 Austerlitz, battle of (1805) 213, 214, 215 map oficer corps; regiments; Roman army besieged 118 Australia, soldiers in Boer War 268, 269 armistice 476 construction of 116 Austria, German invasion (1938) 334 armour costs of 116 Austria, Habsburg empire 179–182 bronze hoplite (panoply) 15, 17, 479 France 117, 119, 178, 207 Archduke Charles’s army reforms 218 cavalry cuirass 218 garrisons 118, 478 army reforms (18th cent.) 193 chain mail 96 Sweden 119 and Crimean War 233 greave 478 towns as 116 extent under Charles V 121 map late Roman infantry 68 see also fortiications Napoleon and 209, 212, 218 Macedonian leather 39 artillery, naval 126, 134 war with Prussia (1866) 251–252 map mounted horsemen 87 broadsides 126, 130, 476 Austria-Hungary, Dual Monarchy 280 padded cotton (Americas) 140, 141, 147 culverins 126, 477 attack on Russia 296 plate armour 96, 103 on early modern galleys 126–129 and Balkans 278 armoured warfare English 131 and Bosnia and Herzegovina 267, 279 panzer divisions 330, 479 gunports 126, 132 mobilization (1914) 285 Reichswehr concept of 330 and recoil 130, 131 and Russia 279 see also tanks and ship design 135 and Serbia 280 arms manufacture Aspern-Essling, battle of (1809) 218 World War I British supply of weapons 226 Asquith, Herbert, British prime minister 298, 324 armistice 323 Krupp factory 260 al-Assad, Bashar, Syrian president 451 attack on Italy 316 arms races al-Assad, Hafez, Syrian president, and and Balkans 303 16th–17th cents.
Recommended publications
  • Conceptualizing the Blue Frontier: the Great Qing and the Maritime World

    Conceptualizing the Blue Frontier: the Great Qing and the Maritime World

    Conceptualizing the Blue Frontier: The Great Qing and the Maritime World in the Long Eighteenth Century Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultüt der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Vorgelegt von Chung-yam PO Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Harald Fuess Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Joachim Kurtz Datum: 28 June 2013 Table of Contents Abstract 2 Acknowledgments 3 Emperors of the Qing Dynasty 5 Map of China Coast 6 Introduction 7 Chapter 1 Setting the Scene 43 Chapter 2 Modeling the Sea Space 62 Chapter 3 The Dragon Navy 109 Chapter 4 Maritime Customs Office 160 Chapter 5 Writing the Waves 210 Conclusion 247 Glossary 255 Bibliography 257 1 Abstract Most previous scholarship has asserted that the Qing Empire neglected the sea and underestimated the worldwide rise of Western powers in the long eighteenth century. By the time the British crushed the Chinese navy in the so-called Opium Wars, the country and its government were in a state of shock and incapable of quickly catching-up with Western Europe. In contrast with such a narrative, this dissertation shows that the Great Qing was in fact far more aware of global trends than has been commonly assumed. Against the backdrop of the long eighteenth century, the author explores the fundamental historical notions of the Chinese maritime world as a conceptual divide between an inner and an outer sea, whereby administrators, merchants, and intellectuals paid close and intense attention to coastal seawaters. Drawing on archival sources from China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the West, the author argues that the connection between the Great Qing and the maritime world was complex and sophisticated.
  • Interpreting Zheng Chenggong: the Politics of Dramatizing

    Interpreting Zheng Chenggong: the Politics of Dramatizing

    , - 'I ., . UN1VERSIlY OF HAWAII UBRARY 3~31 INTERPRETING ZHENG CHENGGONG: THE POLITICS OF DRAMATIZING A HISTORICAL FIGURE IN JAPAN, CHINA, AND TAIWAN (1700-1963) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAW AI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THEATRE AUGUST 2007 By Chong Wang Thesis Committee: Julie A. Iezzi, Chairperson Lurana D. O'Malley Elizabeth Wichmann-Walczak · - ii .' --, L-' ~ J HAWN CB5 \ .H3 \ no. YI,\ © Copyright 2007 By Chong Wang We certity that we have read this thesis and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in Theatre. TIIESIS COMMITTEE Chairperson iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to give my wannest thanks to my family for their strong support. I also want to give my since're thanks to Dr. Julie Iezzi for her careful guidance and tremendous patience during each stage of the writing process. Finally, I want to thank my proofreaders, Takenouchi Kaori and Vance McCoy, without whom this thesis could not have been completed. - . iv ABSTRACT Zheng Chenggong (1624 - 1662) was sired by Chinese merchant-pirate in Hirado, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. A general at the end of the Chinese Ming Dynasty, he was a prominent leader of the movement opposing the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and in recovering Taiwan from Dutch colonial occupation in 1661. Honored as a hero in Japan, China, and Taiwan, he has been dramatized in many plays in various theatre forms in Japan (since about 1700), China (since 1906), and Taiwan (since the 1920s).
  • Shi Lang: Hero Or Villain? His Evolving Legacy in China and Taiwan

    Shi Lang: Hero Or Villain? His Evolving Legacy in China and Taiwan

    Ronald C. Po Shi Lang: hero or villain? His evolving legacy in China and Taiwan Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Po, Ronald C. (2017) Shi Lang: hero or villain? His evolving legacy in China and Taiwan. Modern Asian Studies . ISSN 0026-749X © 2017 Cambridge University Press This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/81309/ Available in LSE Research Online: June 2017 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Shi Lang: Hero or Villain? His Evolving Legacy in China and Taiwan Ronald C. Po London School of Economics [Accepted to be published in Modern Asian Studies (2018)] Abstract For over two centuries, some of China’s most prominent officials, literary figures, and intellectuals have paid special attention to the legacy of Shi Lang.
  • Overview of the Spaniards in Taiwan (1626‐1642)

    Overview of the Spaniards in Taiwan (1626‐1642)

    1 西班牙人在台灣活動考述 (1626‐1642) An overview of the Spaniards in Taiwan (1626‐1642) 鮑曉鷗教授 Professor José Eugenio Borao 台灣大學外文系 National Taiwan University Foreign Languages and Literature The Spaniards stayed in Taiwan in the 17th century for only 16 years. In such a short time they did few things and left behind little influence in the island when they left (a huge fortress, some place names, more than one thousand converts, etc.). But if we see them exploring their own self-consciousness, we can think that their presence was a metaphor of the decline of the Spanish Empire, which became a secondary power after the treaties of Westphalia in 1648. In this paper I would like to present, first, an introduction of all the driving forces that brought the Spaniards to Taiwan; second, the encounter that they had with the Chinese, focusing particularly in the parian of Manila and the small parians of Quelang and Tamchui, and finally how the idea of law was very much present in the official self-consciousness: on their arrival by “justifying” the conquest, and on their departure by looking for the responsibilities of the defeat. I will focus in the ideology behind one of the most important trials ever held in Manila, the one against the Governor General Corcuera, accused of being the ultimate culprit of the loss of the Spanish garrison of Quelang (present Jilong). Spaniards in Taiwan, Spaniards and Chinese in the 17th century, The parians of Isla Hermosa, Corcuera’s trial. Introduction The arrival of the Spaniards in the East was motivated by their search for easy access to the Spice Islands.
  • Revista De Cultura Revista De Cultura Review of Culture INSTITUTO CULTURAL Do Governo Da R.A.E

    Revista De Cultura Revista De Cultura Review of Culture INSTITUTO CULTURAL Do Governo Da R.A.E

    33 International Edition 33 Edição Internacional 33 Janeiro/January 2010 International Edition Edição Internacional Revista de Cultura Revista de Cultura Review of Culture INSTITUTO CULTURAL do Governo da R.A.E. de Macau CULTURAL INSTITUTO Review of Culture IC EDITOR é uma revista de Cultura e, domínio do Espírito, é Livre. Avassalada Publisher ao encontro universal das culturas, servente da identidade cultural de INSTITUTO CULTURAL Macau, agente de mais íntima relação entre o Oriente e o Ocidente, do Governo da Região Administrativa particularmente entre a China e Portugal. RC propõe-se publicar todos Especial de Macau os textos interessantes aos objectivos confessados, pelo puro critério da CONSELHO DE DIRECÇÃO qualidade. Assim, as opiniões e as doutrinas, expressas ou professas nos textos Editorial Board assinados, ou implícitas nas imagens de autoria, são da responsabilidade Ung Vai Meng, Chan Chak Seng, dos seus autores, e nem na parte, nem no todo, podem confundir-se com a Marie MacLeod, Luís Ferreira, orientação da RC. A Direcção da revista reserva-se o direito de não publicar, Wong Io Fong e Paulo Coutinho nem devolver, textos não solicitados. [email protected] é uma revista trimestral, simultaneamente publicada nas versões COORDENADOR Chinesa e Internacional (em Português e Inglês). Buscando o diálogo Co-ordinator e o encontro francos de Culturas, RC tem na limpidez a vocação e na Luís Ferreira [email protected] transparência o seu processo. Edição Internacional / International Edition is a cultural magazine published quarterly in two versions — Chinese EDITOR EXECUTIVO and International (Portuguese/English)—whose purpose is to refl ect the Executive Editor unique identity of Macao.
  • Maritime Governance: How State Capacity Impacts Piracy and Sea Lane Security

    Maritime Governance: How State Capacity Impacts Piracy and Sea Lane Security

    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 4-2018 Maritime Governance: How State Capacity Impacts Piracy and Sea Lane Security Yuito Ishikawa Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Asian History Commons, Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons, Defense and Security Studies Commons, European History Commons, International Relations Commons, Military History Commons, and the Transportation Commons Recommended Citation Ishikawa, Yuito, "Maritime Governance: How State Capacity Impacts Piracy and Sea Lane Security" (2018). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 1161. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/1161 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ishikawa ii Abstract Maritime piracy varies from place to place and from age to age. This thesis aims to explain the variation of piracy across time and space by exploring the capability of establishing maritime governance against piracy. The spatial variation in the number of piratical attacks is explained by calculating the state capacity for governing the surrounding seas called Sea Power Index. The thesis argues that pirates particularly target waters near a state with “medium” levels of sea power because such states are not capable of enforcing strict regulations on piracy but can provide enough infrastructure and economy for pirates to have a profitable “business.” The variation in the frequency of piratical attacks across time is determined by the capability of the hegemonic powers in that time period.
  • Download Thesis

    Download Thesis

    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ ‘Designs against a common foe’ the Anglo-Qing suppression of piracy in South China Kwan, Nathan Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 Abstract of thesis entitled ‘Designs against a Common Foe’: The Anglo-Qing Suppression of Piracy in South China Submitted by C.
  • Ekonomska- I Ekohistorija

    Ekonomska- I Ekohistorija

    Ekonomska- i Ekohistorija 225 ISAO KOSHIMURA - THE WAKO’S ECONOMIC WARFARE THE WAKO’S ECONOMIC WARFARE AND THE MAKING OF THE EAST ASIAN SEAS’ ORDER GOSPODARSKO RATOVANJE ISTOČNOAZIJSKIH »WAKO« PIRATA I NASTANAK NOVOG TRGOVINSKOG PORETKA U MORIMA ISTOČNE AZIJE Isao KOSHIMURA Primljeno / Received: 14. 5. 2018. Tokyo Zokei University Prihvaćeno / Accepted: 17. 12. 2018. Utsunukicho 1556, Hachioji-city, Izvorni znanstveni rad / Original scientific paper Tokyo, 192 – 8588, Japan UDK / UDC: [341.362.1:338.2] (5-11)“15” [email protected] 338.245(5-11)“15” Summary This article and the last article1 on »Uskoks’ War Economy« consider why Uskok and Wako piracy played an active part for almost the same period in the late sixteenth century. In the previous article, the author pointed out that the succession states of the Mongol Empire, assuming this world empire to be a common base, formed several empires including the Ming Empire. First, to understand the context in which Wako appeared, I will present three(macro, mesoscopic, micro) dimensions of the situation. 1.The macro (Eurasian) dimension. The Ming dynasty returned to trade with silver from the Mongol Empire, though this was always denied by the Ming dynasty. It coincided with the significant change of policy. In 1570, the leader of nomadic herders, Altan Qayan, would conclude peace and start trade with the Ming dynasty. This trade, called »Horse Fair,« was the new »shore« trade after the relaxation of the Sea Ban. 2.The mesoscopic (East Asian) dimension. Japan needed to develop its economy and resolve its financial difficulties through trade with China.
  • 1 INTRODUCTION Accounts of Taiwan and Its History Have Been

    1 INTRODUCTION Accounts of Taiwan and Its History Have Been

    INTRODUCTION Accounts of Taiwan and its history have been profoundly influenced by cultural and political ideologies, which have fluctuated radically over the past four centuries on the island. Small parts of Taiwan were ruled by the Dutch (1624-1662), Spanish (1626-1642), Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga)1 and his heirs (1662-1683), and a large part by Qing Dynasty China (1683-1895). Thereafter, the whole of the island was under Japanese control for half a century (1895-1945), and after World War II, it was taken over by the Republic of China (ROC), being governed for more than four decades by the authoritarian government of Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang (KMT), or Chinese Nationalist Party,2 before democratization began in earnest in the late 1980s. Taiwan’s convoluted history and current troubled relations with the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which claims Taiwan is “a renegade province” of the PRC, has complicated the world’s understanding of Taiwan. Many Western studies of Taiwan, primarily concerning its politics and economic development, have been conducted as an 1 Pinyin is employed in this dissertation as its Mandarin romanization system, though there are exceptions for names of places which have been officially transliterated differently, and for names of people who have been known to Western scholarship in different forms of romanization. In these cases, the more popular forms are used. All Chinese names are presented in the same order as they would appear in Chinese, surname first, given name last, unless the work is published in English, in which case the surname appears last.
  • Sino-Japanese Relations in the Edo Period

    Sino-Japanese Relations in the Edo Period

    Sino-Japanese Period Relations in the Edo (•ba Osamu University Kansai by Fogel Translated Joshua A. Nagasaki Part T•vo. The Trade Chinese Was the Trade Domestic foreign Chinese Nagasaki atmosphere Political The Conditions. of fact, in atmosphere. Chinese festivals, The annuals foods all and was, events, a were closely tied during the Chinese period. trade Edo properly, the The China trade--more to Sino-Japanese period trade--of Edo the changes through underwent the number of a more than of that 260 would and it just be difficult words. summarize in few For years to era, a Japan's ships since Japanese partake they trade, leave could of part, choice had not to no but for wait the arrival Chinese of vessels. circumstance, of it this Because to a was passive trade Japanese for they the perforce which in considered domestic economic planned strategies trends and accordingly. side, China's political For domestic circumstances and the international situation in changes Asia trading caused in East the sail, changes that vessels Japan made and if in set they the in which would be received policies adapt in Chinese the had their port, manner to accordingly. important The element politics in unity domestic Chinese concerned the most Qing dynasty. •;• of the [• ff• Zicheng when Li Beijing (1606-45) In captured 1644 and dynasty Ming the collapsed 7'• • Youjian • ,•,, • with suicide the (Yizong Zhu of 1611- Chongzhen • •(• 44, the •: Emperor), it ]E the first Japan the of in Sh6h6 under year was • :•. Shogun the of rule • • • Iemitsu however, Until Zheng Zhilong 1646, (1604- 61) 1•-• supported •:•,• :• the Prince of Yujian Tang ::F_, (1602-46), Zhu and resisted the Qing • in ::l:ffj Zheng ff• Fuzhou.

  • Fujian and the Making of a Maritime Frontier in Seventeenth-Century China

    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Sealords Live in Vain: Fujian and the Making of a Maritime Frontier in Seventeenth-Century China A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Dahpon David Ho Committee in charge: Professor Joseph W. Esherick, Co-Chair Professor Paul G. Pickowicz, Co-Chair Professor Barry J. Naughton Professor Daniel Vickers Professor Charles J. Wheeler 2011 © Dahpon David Ho, 2011 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Dahpon David Ho is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii DEDICATION FOR MY LOVING PARENTS Yuping Sandi Ho and Shyh-chin Mike Ho AND MY WIFE Elya Jun Zhang iv EPIGRAPH Defeat, my Defeat, my bold companion, You shall hear my songs and my cries and my silences, And none but you shall speak to me of the beating of wings, And urging of seas, And of mountains that burn in the night, And you alone shall climb my steep and rocky soul. Defeat, my Defeat, my deathless courage, You and I shall laugh together with the storm, And together we shall dig graves for all that die in us, And we shall stand in the sun with a will, And we shall be dangerous. * --Kahlil Gibran * “Defeat,” from The Madman (1918) v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………………………iii Dedication.....…..................................................................................................................iv Epigraph.....…......................................................................................................................v

  • 198 Cheng Wei-Chung Cheng Wei-Chung's War, Trade, And

    198 Book Reviews Cheng Wei-chung War, Trade, and Piracy in the China Seas, 1621-1683. Leiden: Brill, 2013 (tanap Monographs on the History of Asian-European Interaction). pp. xxiv, 366. $114.00. isbn 9789004250666. Cheng Wei-chung’s War, Trade, and Piracy in the China Seas constitutes the first serious book-length treatment of the Zheng family, a mercantile dynasty whose ships dominated trade in southeastern China and maritime East Asia during the seventeenth century. In the Confucian-inspired Chinese historiography, the Zhengs are remembered as loyalists to the embattled Ming Dynasty (1368- 1662) in its doomed struggle against the Manchu Qing (1636-1912). Historians in the West have largely adopted this perspective albeit with modifications. Indeed, all four generations of the family received ranks and titles from the exiled Ming courts and fought against the Manchus in major engagements. However, through meticulous research into Dutch-language archives in con- junction with Chinese primary sources, Cheng Wei-chung convincingly chal- lenges this assessment. He argues that Ming loyalism served as a convenient cover for the Zhengs’ real purpose: the continued survival and profitability of their enterprise within the context of an independent kingdom. As Cheng shows, on one level, the Zheng leaders followed in the footsteps of the many warlords who thrived during a period of chaos and disorder in Chinese history. Still, they had distinct characteristics because of their reli- ance upon the seas, and, in particular, the lucrative luxury trade involving Chinese silk, Japanese silver, and Southeast Asian spices and natural resources. The family profited immensely as middlemen able to monopolize the supply of Mainland goods otherwise made inaccessible because of piracy, civil war, and maritime restrictions from the Ming and Qing courts.