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The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18156-4 — The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information Index Abizaid, John, US general 438 box China 469–470 ighters 332 Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Russia and 446 effect of technocratic foreign policy on 467 Harrier jump-jets 410, 478 Abrams, Creighton, US general, Vietnam 403 English 99 helicopters 399, 411 Abu Ghraib prison, Afghanistan 440 German (before World War II) 333–336 Hurricane 344, 478 Actium, battle of (31 BC) 58 in Western military tradition 5, 454, 458 jet 390 Adhémar, bishop of Le Puy 87 Agilulf, king of Lombards 70 P-51 Mustang 371 Admiralty Islands 381 Agincourt, battle of (1415) 99 Spitire 344, 480 Adrianople, battle of (378) 67 agrarian warfare 12, 19 Stealth bombers 414, 415, 480 Aelian 457 agriculture terrorist attacks on commercial 419, 453 Tactics 4, 5, 163 ancient Greek 14, 15 Tornado 415 Aemilius Paulus, Roman general 45 Roman corporate (latifundia) 53 Vulcan bomber 410 Aeneas the Tactician (c. 360 BC) 29 Aidid, Mohamed Farrah 417 and war on U-boats 369 aerial bombardment air warfare World War I 289, 298 irst use 279 air defence 331, 332, 414 ‘Zero’ Japanese ighter 381, 481 Guernica 334 air superiority 331 aircraft carriers 261 of ISIS 452 and aircraft carriers 332 American 332, 380 limitations 425 British air power (1913) 230 British 410 NATO (former Yugoslavia) 421, 422, 425 close air support 331, 334 Japanese 379 ‘Rolling Thunder’ (Vietnam) 401 ‘inger-four’ 477 Aire-sur-la-Lys, siege of (1641) 159 Syrian ‘barrel bombs’ 451 ground support for air campaign (Gulf Aisne, river, German retreat to 294 World War II strategic 331–332, 370–371, War) 414 Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), Treaty of 378, 384 interdiction 331 (1748) 192 aerial photography, and artillery precision interwar doctrine and development 331–332 Alans 70 targeting 317 Japanese ‘kamikaze’ 383, 478 Alba, Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, duke Aeschylus, dramatist 21, 26 naval 333 of, Spanish general 5, 159 Aetius, Roman general 66, 67 reconnaissance 331 strategy 161, 162 Afghanistan terror bombing (Spanish Civil War) 334 box Albania 335, 346 Alexander in 45 World War II 370–373 ‘Alberich’ retreat, to Siegfried Line 312 bin Laden in 428 Battle of Britain 343–345 Albert of Wallenstein see Wallenstein democratic elections 430 strategic bombing 331–332 Alberti, Leon Battista, On the Art of Building ISAF 448 of France 372 (1440s) 115 religious radicalism 423 of Germany (1945) 378 Albright, Madeleine 467 Taliban guerrilla insurgency 428, 448, 450, of Japan 384 Alcaeus, Greek poet 14 480 Strategic Bombing Survey 480 Aleppo, Syria 451 US bombardment (2001) 430 V-1 lying bombs 370 map, 480 Alert, paddle steamer 298 US Surge 449–450 V-2 rockets 6, 370–372 map, 480 Alexander I, tsar of Russia 214, 216, 231 war in (from 2008) 448–450 see also aerial bombardment; Luftwaffe; Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia 3, 5, Africa Royal Air Force 42–45 colonial boundaries 463 aircraft 261 battle strategy 43 ethnic tensions 463 B-17 bomber 371 logistics 43 Roman expansion into 52 B-24 bomber 372 medieval admiration for 106, 109 see also Egypt; Libya; north Africa; South B-29 bomber 384 tactics 42 Africa B-52 bombers 404, 476 Alexius, Byzantine emperor 89 Agesilaus, king of Sparta 26, 42 Bf 109 (Luftwaffe) 345, 476 Alfonso X, king of Castile, Siete aggression F6F ‘Hellcat’ ighter 381, 478 Partidas 109 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18156-4 — The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information 516 INDEX Alfred the Great, of Wessex 79 and disease 150–151 Appian, historian burg defences 79, 80, 86 domesticated animals 149 on Cannae 51 defence in depth 90 European disputes in 151 on Roman agriculture 53 size of army 86 European strategic alliances with indigenous Appomattox, Confederate surrender at Algeria, civil war 422 groups 146–147 (1865) 249 Algerian War 396–398 European technological advantage 141, Aquileia, fortiied city 67 and independence (1962) 398 147–149 Aquitaine Algonkian Indians, Canada 139 fortiications 151–152 English raid from (1355) 100 Aljubarrota, battle of 96 introduction of horses 149–150 Pepin’s conquest of (762) 74 Allawi, Ayad, Iraq 444 lack of iron 138 Arab Spring (from 2010) 447 Allerheim, battle of 167 native weapons 138, 141 Arab–Israeli Wars 405–409 Alma, battle of the (1854) 236 Spanish empire 137, 142 1948–9 405 Almagro, Diego de, conquistador, in Peru 146 see also American colonies; Canada; 1956 (Suez Crisis) 406 Almond, Edward, US general, and Korea 389 Iroquois; United States of America 1967 (Six Day War) 406–407 Alsace Amherst, Jeffrey, British general 194 1973 (Yom Kippur War) 407, 408–409 Allied occupation (1919) 328 Amiens, British and imperial forces at archers French loss of 254, 256 (1918) 322 Agincourt 99 Ambrones 52 Amiens, Treaty of (1802) 224 combined with cavalry 97 American Civil War (1861–5) 237–249 Ammianus Marcellinus, late Roman compulsory practice 108 Confederate armies historian 68 and defence of stone castles 83 Army of Northern Virginia 238, 246 ammunition Greek Army of Tennessee 246, 248 exploding artillery shells 232, 237 mounts for 104 Confederate surrender 249 grapeshot 478 Near East (classical) 17 costs of 249 Minié rile bullets 233, 479 Poitiers 99 inal stages 246–249 ‘amok combats’, Indonesia 2, 476 see also bows and arrows logistics 238, 242, 245, 246, 249 amputation 156 Archilochus, Greek poet 16 size of armies 238 artiicial limbs 156, 326 Ardennes Union armies Anastasius, Byzantine emperor 72 Battle of the Bulge (1944) 377 Army of the Cumberland 245 Andrade, Tonio 110, 469 German advance through (1940) 339, 340, Army of the James 246 Angers, France, select levy 86 341 map Army of the Potomac 238, 239, 244, Anglo-Dutch Wars (late 17th cent.) 133, 134 Ardent, HMS 411 246–248 Anglo-Japanese treaty (1902) 276 Argentina Army of the Tennessee 238, 241–242 Anglo-Saxon warfare 79–80, 86 and Falklands War (1982) 409–412 Army of Virginia 240 Angola, civil war 422 air raids 411 war in the East (1861–2) 239–241 Anna Comnena, Byzantine princess 88 invasion of Falklands 409 war in the West (1861–2) 241–243, Antelope, HMS 410, 411 Aridius, Gallo-Roman magnate 74, 75 245–246 Antietam, battle of (1862) 240, 241 Armadas 476 American colonies, militias 164, 199, 200 Antigonus, Macedonian general 45 Dutch (1688) 130 box, 134 American Continental Congress 199 Antioch Spanish (1588) 130 box, 131, 132, 157 American War of Independence Roman garrison 60 armies (1775–81) 199–203198–203 siege of (1098) 87 administrative systems 155 France and 200 Antiochus, Greek ambassador 42 quartermaster 479 guerrilla warfare 202 Antipater, Macedonian general 45 combat divisions (Napoleonic) 211 South Carolina campaign 201, 202–203 Antonine Wall 76 corps organization 211, 477 box Antwerp 116, 120 and delegated battleield decision-making war in the South 201–202 World War I 290, 326 (World War I) 317, 479 Americas World War II 376, 377 foraging 212 adaptation by native peoples of iron ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand Army insignia, uniforms and equipment 158–161 technology 138, 149 Corps), Dardanelles 302, 303 permanent regiments 158–159 coastal fortiications 152 Anzio, Allied landing (1944) 367 platoon 479 conquest of 138–152 Apache nation 267 problems of maintenance and logistics 167 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18156-4 — The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More Information Index 517 armies (cont.) Macedonian 45 Atlantic Conveyor, SS 411 rise of professional 155–157 mobile ield guns 204, 207 atomic weapons size of ‘Mons Meg’ bombard 112 World War II 7, 370–371, 384–385 Anglo-Saxon 86 mortars 177, 479 see also nuclear weapons Byzantium 72, 82 nitrate explosives 261 atrocities Charles V’s 109, 117 precision iring 317 in 17th-cent. war 170 box German states 87 precision-guided 414, 460 see also massacres; war crimes medieval 82, 92, 103–104 recoil-absorbing gun carriages 261 attack in depth 315, 317, 476 Roman 59, 67 and siege warfare 90 Attila the Hun Vandals 67, 71 transport of cannons 102, 113, 167 invasion of Gaul (451) 66 skirmishes and small engagements 169 use in Americas 139 use of battering rams 75 supply systems 178, 212 use in medieval battles 113 attrition 476 technological advances 261 see also artillery, naval; cannons; catapult; Verdun 304 see also British army; cavalry; discipline; missiles Augustus Caesar, Roman emperor 58 French army; infantry; mercenaries; artillery fortresses 6 Austerlitz, battle of (1805) 213, 214, 215 map oficer corps; regiments; Roman army besieged 118 Australia, soldiers in Boer War 268, 269 armistice 476 construction of 116 Austria, German invasion (1938) 334 armour costs of 116 Austria, Habsburg empire 179–182 bronze hoplite (panoply) 15, 17, 479 France 117, 119, 178, 207 Archduke Charles’s army reforms 218 cavalry cuirass 218 garrisons 118, 478 army reforms (18th cent.) 193 chain mail 96 Sweden 119 and Crimean War 233 greave 478 towns as 116 extent under Charles V 121 map late Roman infantry 68 see also fortiications Napoleon and 209, 212, 218 Macedonian leather 39 artillery, naval 126, 134 war with Prussia (1866) 251–252 map mounted horsemen 87 broadsides 126, 130, 476 Austria-Hungary, Dual Monarchy 280 padded cotton (Americas) 140, 141, 147 culverins 126, 477 attack on Russia 296 plate armour 96, 103 on early modern galleys 126–129 and Balkans 278 armoured warfare English 131 and Bosnia and Herzegovina 267, 279 panzer divisions 330, 479 gunports 126, 132 mobilization (1914) 285 Reichswehr concept of 330 and recoil 130, 131 and Russia 279 see also tanks and ship design 135 and Serbia 280 arms manufacture Aspern-Essling, battle of (1809) 218 World War I British supply of weapons 226 Asquith, Herbert, British prime minister 298, 324 armistice 323 Krupp factory 260 al-Assad, Bashar, Syrian president 451 attack on Italy 316 arms races al-Assad, Hafez, Syrian president, and and Balkans 303 16th–17th cents.
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