VOLKAMERIA INERMIS L. Lamiaceae

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VOLKAMERIA INERMIS L. Lamiaceae VOLKAMERIA INERMIS L. Lamiaceae résentation Le genre Clerodendrum Pcomprenait environ 400 effet, cette espèce qui peut former espèces présentes dans les des fourrés denses sur des sols peu régions tropicales et chaudes profonds et peu riches permet de surtout orientales. Ce genre étant limiter l’érosion des dunes, du littoral, polyphylétique, il a été modifié en 2010 et de talus. Il serait par conséquent Fleurs de Volkameria inermis et le genre Volkameria qui avait été mis utile de tester cette espèce pour ces en synonymie, a été remis d’actualité. utilisations en milieu urbain et littoral Clerodendrum inerme et Volkameria (pohlë madra, pohlë wié, xolöng, edeu, (notamment les talus réalisés après inermis sont ainsi des synonymes, charimbo). Son habitat principal est en les terrassements). V. inermis peut mais la dénomination à employer bord de mer, en arrière-mangrove et aussi jouer le rôle de brise-vent bas et est désormais Volkameria inermis. dans les marais. On la retrouve aussi peut abriter la faune littorale (oiseaux, Cette espèce est répandue de l’Inde dans les formations sclérophylles. tricot rayé…). D’autres utilisations jusqu’en Chine, en Australie et dans C’est un arbuste rampant, sarmenteux ornementales sont également l’ouest du Pacifique. Elle est introduite à grimpant atteignant trois mètres de possibles, comme plante en pot, dans de nombreux autres pays. En hauteur, qui peut former des fourrés plante à massif ou haie basse. Des Nouvelle-Calédonie, elle se rencontre denses. Ses fleurs sont blanches, utilisations en topiaires sont également assez communément sur le littoral et parfois teintées de pourpre, et les signalées en dehors de la Nouvelle- porte différents noms vernaculaires étamines sont rouges à pourpres. Les Calédonie. V. inermis est adapté à une inflorescences, plus ou moinsfournies, exposition en plein soleil et résiste très sont situées au bout des tiges. La bien aux embruns. floraison peut avoir lieu toute l’année. Cette espèce serait pollinisée par des sphynx endémiques. Par ailleurs, V. inermis est considéré comme plante envahissante à Hawaï mais n’est pas regardé comme telle en Nouvelle- Calédonie. tilisation En dehors des nombreuses Uapplications médicinales traditionnelles (notamment contre la ciguatera), Volkameria inermis est souvent utilisé, en dehors de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, en « génie V. inermis en massif à la SRA de V. inermis au Rocher à la Voile végétal » ou « génie biologique ». En Saint-Louis H. Udo, G. Gâteblé, J. Ounémoa, mars 2012 Après une semaine d’acclimatation en serre de multiplication, elles ont été transportées sous ombrière. Un second rempotage a lieu à l’âge de 3-4 mois, en pots de 2,5 litres. Le substrat utilisé est alors un mélange de pumice et de tourbe (1 :1). La croissance des boutures a été très rapide, durant la saison chaude, et un troisième rempotage se fait à six mois en pots de 5 litres. Dès l’âge de quatre mois, la floraison est observée sur les plantes, Plante en pot de 5 litres sous ombrière. L’engrais utilisé est âgée de 7 mois un Osmocote® 15-8-10, utilisé en mélange dans les substrats à raison Boutures enracinées de V. inermis de 1,5 kg/m3. Quelques plantes ont été rincipaux problèmes âgées de 25 jours installées dans un massif à la SRA de observés en culture Saint-Louis, à l’âge de quatre mois, leur Durant les essais de croissance est plus rapide qu’en pot. P multiplication réalisés à la SRA de ultiplication Des tailles régulières sont nécessaires Saint-Louis, aucun problème n’a été afin de densifier la frondaison et de Volkameria inermis peut identifié sur lesboutures de Volkameria contenir la plante. Il est conseillé de Mêtre multiplié tant par inermis. Il en est de même pour la cultiver les plantes sous ombrière semis que par bouturage. En Inde, la phase de croissance sous ombrière pour optimiser la croissance, mais de multiplication in vitro a été testée avec et concernant les plantes en massif. Il les placer éventuellement au soleil succès. En Australie, la multiplication s’agit d’une plante très rustique. est faite par bouturage de tiges, mais quelques semaines avant la vente afin parfois ce sont aussi les racines de les endurcir. qui sont bouturées. Des essais de éférences multiplication ont été réalisés à la SRA de Saint-Louis. Les boutures ont été collectées en forêt sèche, en saison R- Hequet V. communication fraiche (août). Il s’agit de boutures de personnelle tête, semi-ligneuses, d’une dizaine - Lamarck M. 1808. Encyclopédie de centimètres. Le taux de mortalité méthodique. Botanique Tome global de l’essai est de 5%, toutes huitième. Paris. modalités confondues. La meilleure - Lormée, N., Cabalion P. et Hnawia modalité testée est l’hormone AIB à E. S. 2011. Hommes et plantes 0,3% (Clonex®). Ce gel de bouturage de Maré, Iles Loyauté, Nouvelle- permet d’obtenir plus de 80% Calédonie. Marseille, IRD. d’enracinement en seulement vingt- - Mont de Courset G. 1811. Le cinq jours. V. inermis est une espèce botaniste cultivateur. Seconde édition. qui se bouture donc facilement. Paris. - Suprin B. 2008. Plantes du littoral en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Editions Photosynthèse. ulture - Udo H., Barrault J. et Gâteblé G. Les boutures racinées ont été 2011. Multiplication et valorisation Crempotées dans un substrat horticole des plantes de forêt sèche composé de tourbe et de perlite (1 :1), à indigènes à la Nouvelle-Calédonie, l’âge de 25 jours, en godet de 9x9x9,5. Plante en pot âgée de 2 mois Rapport Forêt sèche n°14/2011. 75 p. Réalisation facile Moyennement facile Réalisation difficile Plante résistante Moyennement résistante Plante sensible Conception : Armelle Tardivel Conception Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien - S.R.A. - Station de Recherche Agronomique de Saint-Louis B.P. 711 - 98810 Mont Dore - Nouvelle Calédonie - Tél : 43.70.15. - Fax : 43.70.16. - e-mail : [email protected].
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