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A Study on Ananta Vasudev Temple in Bhubaneswar Anasuya Swain ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review Ganga Temple Architecture: A Study on Ananta Vasudev Temple in Bhubaneswar Anasuya Swain hubaneswar, the capital of Odisha is find early 6-7th century temples to later 13-14th Bassociated with a cluster of magnificent century temple. The building activity was in full temples. Its proud sculptural and architectural swing under the Ganga. During this period one heritage coupled with its sanctity as Ekamra important Bishnu temple named Ananta Basudev Kshetra, one of the 5 great religious centers in temple was built. Odisha since early medieval days attracts Features of Ganga temple: The temples thousands of visitors from all corners of the world of this period contain four features- throughout the year. It is important Saiva kshetra · Main temple of India, its sacredness has been described in the · Mukhasala medieval texts like Ekamra Chandrika, Kapila · Natamandap Samhita and Swarnadri-mahodaya. Bhubaneswar is easy accessible, which is 438 K.M from south · Bhoga mandapa west of Kolkata and on the main railway line to Main temple or the sanctuary is meant Chennai. The airport was also situated in this town for a glimpse of the deity and ritual worship. through which international contact could be Generally the sanctuary is the rekha deula. Rekha possible tourist bungalow, hotels; dharmasalas deula has its four features- provide accommodation to the visitors. Here we · Pista · Bada · Gandi · Mastaka Pista It is not found before the Ganga period. It became prominent in the Ganga period. Sometimes it became terraced platform. Bada Bada consists of Pabhaga, jungha and baranda. But it is developed into 5 divisions in 26 APRIL-MAY - 2020 Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 this period. Jungha is subdivided into two is called Ananta Basudev temple as lower jungha and upper jungha. Among the Time scale : According to a commemorative two junghas there is a set of moldings known as inscription, originally attached to the temple, now bandhana. Pabhaga is divided into 5 where it in in the Royal Asiatic Society at London, it was incase of the early temple those are the khura, built in A.D 1278 by Chandrika, daughter of kumbha, pata, kani and basanta. Gandi has its Anangabhima- III, during the reign of her nephew seven divisions known as sapta ratha temple. Bhanudev –I (A.D 1264 -1279) for Ananta Those divisions are the rekha paga 1, Anurekha Vasudev.2 paga 2, and anuratha paga 2, and Konia paga 2, these pagas terminated at bisamas. The portion The temple is situated within a walled which is in the top of the bisama is called as compound along with numerous other structures mastaka. The cylindrical portion above the which consists of a deula, jagamohan, bisamas is termed as beki or neck. Above the natamandapa and bhogamandapa and the later beki, there is a huge piece of stone called as two being added devoid of sculptural decoration. Amalaka. The roof of the amalaka is covered by Both the bhogamandapa and natamandapa are slightly curved stone slab called khapuri. pidha structures and their pyramidical roofs along with the roof of the jagamohan, present ascending Besides the vimana structures the other peaks culminating in the mastaka of the deul a structures are the mukhasala, Bhogamandapa and more effectively arrangement where the natamandapa is called as pidha deula. Externally natamandapa appears squeeze between the the pidha deula possesses divisions similar to that jagamohan and bhogamanapa and has a relatively of rekha. That is the pista, bada, gandi and flat roof, which suggests that these two front mastaka. Pista is regular in this period. Bada is structures were added at the same time. Affixed exactly same as to the vimana. Some exceptions to the western compound wall are two inscribed are found in few temples. Gandi of the pidha deula slabs, one being a commemorative inscription differs from the rekha deula. It consists of a belonging to the Meghesvara temple and other a number of pidhas. The pidhas are arranged in prasasta of bhatra bhavadeva of Bengal bada diminishing order as they go up by which of tillers decoration. or pidhas. The pidhas diminish in such a proportion that the size of the topmost pidha became exactly Bada decoration: the half of the size of the lower pidha. In case of The temple faces to west is built in a increase in the number, the pidhas are arranged ornamentally carved pitha. The walls of the pitha in groups called potalas. The potalas are are decorated with pabhaga of 3 mouldings. The separated from one another by recessed kanthis. jungha has khakra mundis flanked by The mastaka of full fledged pidha deul consists of nagastambas, alasakanyas or stambas relived with beki, ghanta again beki, amalaka and khapuri. scroll work on each side and virala motifs. The important temple of the Ganga period The bada is sapta ratha in plan. The bada is the Sun temple at Konark, Jagannatha temple is divided by a madhya bandhana of three at Puri and the Ananta Basudev temple in mouldings. The facets of the rathas are richly Bhubaneswar.1 carved with fine scroll work and flower shaped APRIL-MAY - 2020 27 ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review motifs. The central facets of the corner ratha pabhaga consists of 7 mouldings of various having female figures and the khakra mundis on designs. The triratha design of the anuraha design the intermediary ratha of the lower jungha contain recess extends through these moldings and the eight dikpalas, seated on their respective consists of a large framed niche, housing various mounts, while the corresponding spaces on their figure motifs or deities, flanked in each side by a respectively mounts upper jungha have their narrow vajra mundis filled with standing female female counter parts. figures these designs beginning above the third and second moldings respectively. The window Gandi decoration : is filled with 5 balusters, each likewise crowned The gandi decoration has a pancharatha with a vajramastaka, carved with standing figures. plan rather than saptaratha. The kanika is divided On the north Rama, Laxman and Sita are flanked into ten bhumis by bhumi–amalas within five by a monkey on each side. According to T.E barandis. In the raha paga there is the anga Donaldson one of the monkey among the two is sikharas, where is also in the raha paga. probably Hanuman and another is Bibhisana.3 On the south side the center three balusters, carved Jagamohana with Krishna and gopis, are detached and now The jagamohana, measuring 278 inches inserted into a miniature shrine on the bank of the square at the base has an expanded pancharatha Bindusarobara. Outside balusters decorated with plan whereby the anuratha recesses are splayed Gopis. The lintel above the balusters on each side and filled with a triratha design with antermumdi is decorated with a freeze of trotting elephants. flanked by a stamba on each side while the kanika The lower storey is capped by a projecting pidha and anuratha are projecting multi faceted pilasters, moulding relatively with warriors, barses, there is a recess in the ratha design filled with virala elephants which serves as the base for the upper in the lower storey and alasa –kanya or mithuna storey. These are two pilasters on either side figure on the upper storey and in the area of forming the upper niche. On both the north and Kanika. There is inserted a stamba relived with south sides the figures seated on the low couch, scroll work. The pabhaga is high consists of an with a large pillow behind her back and according elongated khakra mundi flanked by a naga nagi to Donaldson's view is a female and probably stamba on each side; the jungha is divided into represents the chandrika and attendants stand or two storeys by a madhyabandhana of three kneel behind her with hands folded in anjali, the mouldings. The center position of kanika and crowd represented in two rows. The figure in the anuratha is decorated with a khakra mundi and lower row is seated on the floor while those in pidha mundi on the lower and upper storeys the back row are standing.4 Unfortunately both respectively the mundis carved with alasakanya screens are badly damaged and the facial features or mithuna figure in high relief. The mundis of the mostly obliterated. first or outside anuraha recesses house the dikpalas The pyramidal roof consists of two and their Saktis where those of the inside recess potalas of pidha mouldings of diminishing size, the house various Vaishnava deities, such as lower tier having six moldings and upper tier Gajalaxmi and varada including other cult images having five. Entrance portal there is vajra mastaka like Saraswati. The baranda is same height as the panel crowning each potalas. Japha Singhs are 28 APRIL-MAY - 2020 Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 inserted into the beki to help support the ghanta lower right hand. The garuda stamba, originally of the mataka. In the beki beneath the annals placed in the open facing the jagamohana is now however there is simply vertical status for support. enclosed by the nata mandira added at the later Cult images: images of Rama and Laxman on the baluster are badly mutilated. Two of the parsadevatas are badly damaged, on the south the image is of Varaha Conclusion while on the north it is Trivikrama, Varaha is As the Vasudev temple is a late Ganga depicted in alidha pose with image of adisesu. temple lacks, more and more fined sculpture than The arms are all broken off and the only weapon other Ganga temple like Konark and Puri, plays visible is the chakra, carved behind the head of an important role in the religious life of the varaha and originally holds in the upper right hand, community due to the increased popularity of the image of the eastern niche hidden by a nissa Vasudev cult in later periods.5 It demands more shrine is probably nrshima.
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