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Connections Between Sámi and Basque Peoples
Connections between Sámi and Basque Peoples Kent Randell 2012 Siidastallan Outside of Minneapolis, Minneapolis Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota “D----- it Jim, I’m a librarian and an armchair anthropologist??” Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Connections between Sámi and Basque Peoples Hard evidence: - mtDNA - Uniqueness of language Other things may be surprising…. or not. It is fun to imagine other connections, understanding it is not scientific Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Documentary: Suddenly Sámi by Norway’s Ellen-Astri Lundby She receives her mtDNA test, and express surprise when her results state that she is connected to Spain. This also surprised me, and spurned my interest….. Then I ended up living in Boise, Idaho, the city with the largest concentration of Basque outside of Basque Country Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota What is mtDNA genealogy? The DNA of the Mitochondria in your cells. Cell energy, cell growth, cell signaling, etc. mtDNA – At Conception • The Egg cell Mitochondria’s DNA remains the same after conception. • Male does not contribute to the mtDNA • Therefore Mitochondrial mtDNA is the same as one’s mother. Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, Linwood Township, Minnesota Four generation mtDNA line Sisters – Mother – Maternal Grandmother – Great-grandmother Jennie Mary Karjalainen b. Kent21 Randell March (c) 2012 1886, --- 2012 Siidastallan,parents from Kuusamo, Finland Linwood Township, Minnesota Isaac Abramson and Jennie Karjalainen wedding picture Isaac is from Northern Norway, Kvaen father and Saami mother from Haetta Kent Randell (c) 2012 --- 2012 Siidastallan, village. -
How Can a Modern History of the Basque Country Make Sense? on Nation, Identity, and Territories in the Making of Spain
HOW CAN A MODERN HISTORY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY MAKE SENSE? ON NATION, IDENTITY, AND TERRITORIES IN THE MAKING OF SPAIN JOSE M. PORTILLO VALDES Universidad del Pais Vasco Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada (Reno) One of the more recurrent debates among Basque historians has to do with the very object of their primary concern. Since a Basque political body, real or imagined, has never existed before the end of the nineteenth century -and formally not until 1936- an «essentialist» question has permanently been hanging around the mind of any Basque historian: she might be writing the histo- ry of an non-existent subject. On the other hand, the heaviness of the «national dispute» between Basque and Spanish identities in the Spanish Basque territories has deeply determined the mean- ing of such a cardinal question. Denying the «other's» historicity is a very well known weapon in the hands of any nationalist dis- course and, conversely, claiming to have a millenary past behind one's shoulders, or being the bearer of a single people's history, is a must for any «national» history. Consequently, for those who consider the Spanish one as the true national identity and the Basque one just a secondary «decoration», the history of the Basque Country simply does not exist or it refers to the last six decades. On the other hand, for those Basques who deem the Spanish an imposed identity, Basque history is a sacred territory, the last refuge for the true identity. Although apparently uncontaminated by politics, Basque aca- demic historiography gently reproduces discourses based on na- - 53 - ESPANA CONTEMPORANEA tionalist assumptions. -
The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions
Center for Basque Studies Basque Classics Series, No. 6 The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions by Philippe Veyrin Translated by Andrew Brown Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada This book was published with generous financial support obtained by the Association of Friends of the Center for Basque Studies from the Provincial Government of Bizkaia. Basque Classics Series, No. 6 Series Editors: William A. Douglass, Gregorio Monreal, and Pello Salaburu Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 http://basque.unr.edu Copyright © 2011 by the Center for Basque Studies All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Cover and series design © 2011 by Jose Luis Agote Cover illustration: Xiberoko maskaradak (Maskaradak of Zuberoa), drawing by Paul-Adolph Kaufman, 1906 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Veyrin, Philippe, 1900-1962. [Basques de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse Navarre. English] The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre : their history and their traditions / by Philippe Veyrin ; with an introduction by Sandra Ott ; translated by Andrew Brown. p. cm. Translation of: Les Basques, de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse Navarre Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “Classic book on the Basques of Iparralde (French Basque Country) originally published in 1942, treating Basque history and culture in the region”--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-877802-99-7 (hardcover) 1. Pays Basque (France)--Description and travel. 2. Pays Basque (France)-- History. I. Title. DC611.B313V513 2011 944’.716--dc22 2011001810 Contents List of Illustrations..................................................... vii Note on Basque Orthography......................................... -
Basque Studies
Center for BasqueISSN: Studies 1537-2464 Newsletter Center for Basque Studies N E W S L E T T E R Basque Literature Series launched at Frankfurt Book Fair FALL Reported by Mari Jose Olaziregi director of Literature across Frontiers, an 2004 organization that promotes literature written An Anthology of Basque Short Stories, the in minority languages in Europe. first publication in the Basque Literature Series published by the Center for NUMBER 70 Basque Studies, was presented at the Frankfurt Book Fair October 19–23. The Basque Editors’ Association / Euskal Editoreen Elkartea invited the In this issue: book’s compiler, Mari Jose Olaziregi, and two contributors, Iban Zaldua and Lourdes Oñederra, to launch the Basque Literature Series 1 book in Frankfurt. The Basque Government’s Minister of Culture, Boise Basques 2 Miren Azkarate, was also present to Kepa Junkera at UNR 3 give an introductory talk, followed by Olatz Osa of the Basque Editors’ Jauregui Archive 4 Association, who praised the project. Kirmen Uribe performs Euskal Telebista (Basque Television) 5 was present to record the event and Highlights 6 interview the participants for their evening news program. (from left) Lourdes Oñederra, Iban Zaldua, and Basque Country Tour 7 Mari Jose Olaziregi at the Frankfurt Book Fair. Research awards 9 Prof. Olaziregi explained to the [photo courtesy of I. Zaldua] group that the aim of the series, Ikasi 2005 10 consisting of literary works translated The following day the group attended the Studies Abroad in directly from Basque to English, is “to Fair, where Ms. Olaziregi met with editors promote Basque literature abroad and to and distributors to present the anthology and the Basque Country 11 cross linguistic and cultural borders in order discuss the series. -
The Effect of Franco in the Basque Nation
Salve Regina University Digital Commons @ Salve Regina Pell Scholars and Senior Theses Salve's Dissertations and Theses Summer 7-14-2011 The Effect of Franco in the Basque Nation Kalyna Macko Salve Regina University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Macko, Kalyna, "The Effect of Franco in the Basque Nation" (2011). Pell Scholars and Senior Theses. 68. https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses/68 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Salve's Dissertations and Theses at Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pell Scholars and Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Macko 1 The Effect of Franco in the Basque Nation By: Kalyna Macko Pell Senior Thesis Primary Advisor: Dr. Jane Bethune Secondary Advisor: Dr. Clark Merrill Macko 2 Macko 3 Thesis Statement: The combined nationalist sentiments and opposition of these particular Basques to the Fascist regime of General Franco explained the violence of the terrorist group ETA both throughout his rule and into the twenty-first century. I. Introduction II. Basque Differences A. Basque Language B. Basque Race C. Conservative Political Philosophy III. The Formation of the PNV A. Sabino Arana y Goiri B. Re-Introduction of the Basque Culture C. The PNV as a Representation of the Basques IV. The Oppression of the Basques A. Targeting the Basques B. Primo de Rivera C. General Francisco Franco D. Bombing of Guernica E. -
Size Matters: the Values Behind Basque Food, Font and Semiotics
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Volume 7 Issue 1 Article 3 October 2019 Size Matters: The Values Behind Basque Food, Font and Semiotics Kerri Lesh University of Nevada, Reno, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/boga Part of the Basque Studies Commons, Food Studies Commons, Linguistic Anthropology Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Lesh, Kerri (2019) "Size Matters: The Values Behind Basque Food, Font and Semiotics," BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal: Vol. 7 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. 10.18122/boga/vol7/iss1/3/boisestate Available at: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/boga/vol7/iss1/3 Size Matters: The Values Behind Basque Food, Font and Semiotics Cover Page Footnote A great thanks for the support of Cameron Watson and Daniel Montero in helping me revise this article. Additionally, I would like to thank everyone that was part of my fieldwork in the Basque Country and to my fellow panel members with whom this article was presented at the American Anthropological Association (AAA). This article is available in BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/boga/ vol7/iss1/3 Size Matters: The Values Behind Basque Food, Font and Semiotics Kerri Lesh, PhD. “People look for the origin of the wine they consume, they want to link it to the terroir … they are looking for something more than just the quality of the product, but rather the story behind the wine, the histories that lie behind a glass, and being able to focus in on a particular bodega, on the places where it is cultivated and produced. -
Female Improvisational Poets: Challenges and Achievements in the Twentieth Century
FEMALE .... improvisational - ,I: t -,· POETS ...~1 Challenges and Achievements in the Twentieth Century In December 2009, 14,500 people met at the Bilbao Exhibi tion Centre in the Basque Country to attend an improvised poetry contest.Forty-four poets took part in the 2009 literary tournament, and eight of them made it to the final. After a long day of literary competition, Maialen Lujanbio won and received the award: a big black txapela or Basque beret. That day the Basques achieved a triple triumph. First, thou sands of people had gathered for an entire day to follow a lite rary contest, and many more had attended the event via the web all over the world. Second, all these people had followed this event entirely in Basque, a language that had been prohi bited for decades during the harsh years of the Francoist dic tatorship.And third, Lujanbio had become the first woman to win the championship in the history of the Basques. After being crowned with the txapela, Lujanbio stepped up to the microphone and sung a bertso or improvised poem refe rring to the struggle of the Basques for their language and the struggle of Basque women for their rights. It was a unique moment in the history of an ancient nation that counts its past in tens of millennia: I remember the laundry that grandmothers of earlier times carried on the cushion [ on their heads J I remember the grandmother of old times and today's mothers and daughters.... • pr .. Center for Basque Studies # avisatiana University of Nevada, Reno ISBN 978-1-949805-04-8 90000 9 781949 805048 ■ .~--- t _:~A) Conference Papers Series No. -
The Bertsolariak Championship As Competitive Game and Deep Play Jexux Larrañaga Arriola University of the Basque Country
BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Volume 4 | Issue 1 Article 2 October 2016 The Bertsolariak Championship as Competitive Game and Deep Play Jexux Larrañaga Arriola University of the Basque Country Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/boga Part of the Basque Studies Commons Recommended Citation Larrañaga Arriola, Jexux (2016) "The Bertsolariak Championship as Competitive Game and Deep Play," BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal: Vol. 4 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. https://doi.org/10.18122/B2R99Z Available at: http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/boga/vol4/iss1/2 The Bertsolariak Championship as Competitive Game and Deep Play1 Jexux Larrañaga Arriola, PhD 1. Introduction The objective of this article is to give an anthropological description of a ritual performance which has survived from the past and which has taken a renewed vitality during the past decades. It begins with the paradox which Joseba Zulaika discussed in his book Bertsolariaren jokoa eta jolasa (The Joko and Jolas of the Bertsolaria)(1985), where he distinguishes between the joko (competitive game) and jolas (play) dimensions of the bertsolaria’s performance. The first question is therefore whether the competition between the bertsolariak (improvisational poets) can be situated in a wider cultural context. Even more, could it perhaps be situated at the very center of cultural creativity and community production? Here we get to the core of the paradox: the bertsolariak do engage in a competitive game, yet winning the championship is not what matters most. This needs to be seen in the duality of mutually opposing perspectives that are accepted by the audience as reinforcing each other. -
Bertsolaritza Gaur Eta Bihar
Bertsolaritza gaur eta bihar Antton Haranburu Jose Mari Iriondo Sarrera Gure bertsolaritzari buruzko idazlan hau egin behar eta, edozein euskaldun eta bertsozalek ber- tsolaritzaz duen ikuspegi arruntetik abiatzen naiz. Denok dakigu zerbait bertsolaritzaz, denok ezagu- tzen ditugu gure bertsolariak eta gutxi edo gehiago denok dakigu zer den bertsolari bat. Baina behar- bada intuizioz bakarrik dakizkigu gauza guzti hauek. Ez dugu inoiz gure bertsolaritzaren feno- meno hori sakonki aztertu, ez dugu bertsoaren ana- lisirik egin eta ez dugu bertsolariaren barne proze- su hori arrazoitu. Bertsolaria-bertsoa-bertsolaritza gauza oso bat bezala ulertzen dugu. Horregatik idazlan honetan elementu hauetako bakoitzaren azterketa bat egitea litzateke nire as- moa, bertsolaria, bertsoa eta bertsolaritza bakarka hartuz. Hala ere irakurleak jakin behar du ez dela hau azterketa sakon eta sistematiko bat; gehienik ere oharpen batzuk egitera eta pista batzuk marka- tzera ausartzen naiz eta ondoren esango dudan guz- tia iritzi pertsonal baten kolokan ezarri nahi nuke, dogmakeria guztietatik urrun. BERTSOLABTTZA GAUR ETA BIHAR 39 I. — Bertsolariak Gure herri-kulturaren fenomeno eta adierazpenik berezie- netako bat gure ahozko bertsolaritza da. Baina oharpen honekin hasi nahi nuke: gure herria bertsozale baino lehenago bertsolari da. Zu eta ni, irakurle, bertsolari gara eta euskaraz ari garen unetik denok gara bertsolari. Orain zentzu konkretu batetara mugatuz, bertsoak egin eta jendaurrean kantatzen dituen horri deitzen diogu bertsolari. Ez du gehiago zehazterik merezi, denok izen eta abizenez ezagutzen ditugu gure bertsolariak. Ez goaz orain bertsolarien klasifikapen bat egitera bertsozaleak bertsolari bakoitzari etnan ohi dion mai- lari begira. Hala ere gaur egun bertsolarien sailkapen nagusi bat egiten hasita, bertsolari ikasi diren eta hizkuntza landua dutenen saila alde batetik eta gutxiago ikasiak diren eta hizkuntza landua ez dutenen saila bestetik berezi beharko lirateke. -
+ Press Dossier
NATIONAL BERTSOLARIS CHAMPIONSHIP 2017 The 17th edition of the National Bertsolaris Championship will be held between 23 September and 17 December. It is the ninth championship organised by the Association of the Friends of Bertsolaritza. The National Bertsolaris Championship 2017 will be divided into 14 sessions. The contest will start in Baigorri and, for the fourth year running, the final will be held in the Bilbao Exhibition Centre in Barakaldo. This year a total of 43 bertsolaris (verse singers) will be taking part. In addition, there will be a group made up of 18 theme presenters, as well as 20 judges. The National Bertsolaris Championship is held once every four years and is extremely popular. However, it is just as important to bear in mind what this movement is about. Bertso (improvised verse) is the basis of bertsolaritza and it hides the secret of the championship. Day after day, bertso spreads from village to village, town square to town square, school to school, reaching every spot in the Basque Country. Bertsolaritza is a broad and dynamic movement, and the work involves many people. This non-stop activity is reflected in the National Bertsolaris Championship. 1 Bertsozale Elkartea. Mintzola Etxea. Kale Nagusia 70. 20150 Villabona T. (00) (34) 943 69 41 29 / [email protected] www.bertsozale.com MAIN FEATURES Participation The finalists of the 2013 edition of the National Bertsolaris Championship and the people who have qualified in their respective provincial championships are eligible to participate in this year’s National Bertsolaris Championship. There will be a total of 43 bertsolaris. -
Basque Soccer Madness a Dissertation Submitted in Partial
University of Nevada, Reno Sport, Nation, Gender: Basque Soccer Madness A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Basque Studies (Anthropology) by Mariann Vaczi Dr. Joseba Zulaika/Dissertation Advisor May, 2013 Copyright by Mariann Vaczi All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the dissertation prepared under our supervision by Mariann Vaczi entitled Sport, Nation, Gender: Basque Soccer Madness be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Joseba Zulaika, Advisor Sandra Ott, Committee Member Pello Salaburu, Committee Member Robert Winzeler, Committee Member Eleanor Nevins, Graduate School Representative Marsha H. Read, Ph. D., Dean, Graduate School May, 2013 i Abstract A centenarian Basque soccer club, Athletic Club (Bilbao) is the ethnographic locus of this dissertation. From a center of the Industrial Revolution, a major European port of capitalism and the birthplace of Basque nationalism and political violence, Bilbao turned into a post-Fordist paradigm of globalization and gentrification. Beyond traditional axes of identification that create social divisions, what unites Basques in Bizkaia province is a soccer team with a philosophy unique in the world of professional sports: Athletic only recruits local Basque players. Playing local becomes an important source of subjectivization and collective identity in one of the best soccer leagues (Spanish) of the most globalized game of the world. This dissertation takes soccer for a cultural performance that reveals relevant anthropological and sociological information about Bilbao, the province of Bizkaia, and the Basques. Early in the twentieth century, soccer was established as the hegemonic sports culture in Spain and in the Basque Country; it has become a multi- billion business, and it serves as a powerful political apparatus and symbolic capital. -
The Basques – a “People” with Right to Self-Determination?
RAOUL WALLENBERG INSTITUTE of HUMAN RIGHTS and HUMANITARIAN LAW FACULTY OF LAW LUND UNIVERSITY The Basques – a “People” with Right to Self-Determination? Madeleine Moise Graduate Essay 20 points Supervisor Dr. Gudmundur Alfredsson Field of study International Human Rights Law June, 2002 1 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 4 1.1. Purpose 6 1.2. Limitations 7 1.3. Method 8 1.4. Disposition 8 2. The Self-determination Right of the Peoples 10 2.1. The Law of Self-Determination 10 2.2. Who are the “people”? 17 2.2.1. The UN Charter and the "Twin" Human Rights Covenants Definition 20 2.2.2. The Decolonization Definition 21 2.2.3. The Representative Government Definition 22 2.2.4. The Ethnic Definition 24 2.2.5. Minorities 26 2.3. Types of Self-Determination 28 2.3.1. External Self-Determination 29 2.3.2. Internal Self-Determination 30 2.4. Secession and ethnic groups' claims to self-determination 31 2.5. New trends in the approach to the right to self-determination 32 3. The Basque case 37 3.1. Spain as a nation 37 3.1.1. Historical background 38 3.1.2. Franco's regime 40 3.1.3. The political transition 41 3.2. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 42 3.3. The Basque Autonomous Community 44 3.4. The Basques as an ethnic minority group 46 2 4. The Basques - a “people” with right to self-determination? 49 5. Conclusion 61 6. Bibliography 65 3 1. Introduction "No other concept is as powerful, visceral, emotional, unruly, as steep in creating aspirations and hopes as self-determination."1 This quote comprises the issue of the right to self-determination in a nutshell.