Conference Book EMIM 2009

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Conference Book EMIM 2009 TABLE OF CONTENT Welcome letter 4 Committees 6 Sponsors 8 Programme and Venue 11 MAY 27, 2009 OPENING CEREMONY AND INAUGURAL LEctURE 18 Welcome 19 Inaugural Lecture Ignasi Carrio 20 ORAL PRESENTATIONS MAY 28, 2009 TECHNOLOGY, PROBES, VEctORS, CELLs 23 Plenary Lecture 1: Harald Mikkers 24 Parallel Session 1: Technology 27 Parallel Session 2: Probes 34 Parallel Session 3: Probe Design 41 Parallel Session 4: Gene and Cell Therapy1 48 Plenary Lecture 2: Spencer Shorte 55 Parallel Session 5:Technology and Probes in OI 58 Parallel Session 6: Imaging Infection/ Gene and Cell Therapy2 65 MAY 29, 2009 NEUROSCIENCE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 72 Plenary Lecture 3: Joerg Schulz 74 Parallel Session 7: Neuroscience – from bench to bedside1 77 Parallel Session 8: Cardiovascular – from bench to bedside 84 Parallel Session 9: Neuroscience – from bench to bedside2 91 Parallel Session 10: Cardiovascular – from bench to bedside2 98 Plenary Lecture 4: Industry and basic research A Panel Discussion 105 Parallel Session 11: Inflammation 112 Parallel Session 12: Metabolic Disorders 119 MAY 30, 2009 CANCER 126 Plenary Lecture 5: Juri Gelovani 127 Parallel Session 13: Cancer – from bench to bedside1 130 Parallel Session 14: Cancer –Drug Development 137 Parallel Session 15: Cancer –from bench to bedside2 143 Parallel Session 16: Cancer – Biology 150 POSTER PRESENTATIONs 157 Technology – Technical Advances in MI instrumentation 158 Probe Design – Innovative Approaches to Molecular Imaging Probes 181 New Developments in Optical Imaging – Probes and Instrumentation 203 Imaging Guided Gene and Cell based Therapy 210 MI of Infection and Inflammation 222 Molecular Neuroimaging – from bench to bedside 230 Imaging in Cardiovascular Disease– from bench to bedside 253 Cancer from Bench to Bedside – Translational Research in Oncology 258 Imaging in AntiCancer Drug Development 268 MI in cancer biology – Visualisation of Extra- and Intracellular Processes 285 INDEX 301 4th European Molecular Imaging Meeting WELCOME LETTER Dear Colleagues, on behalf of the ESMI and EANM as well as of the EU NoEs and IPs, CliniGene, DiMI, EMIL, and MOLIM it is our great pleasure to welcome you to Barcelona for the 4th European Molecular Imaging Meeting. EMIM 2009 brings together top European scientists from two societies, three European Networks of Excellence (NoEs) and one Integrated Project (IP). With great honour we may state that your fellow attendees represent not only colleagues from all over Europe, but also from Australia, China, Japan, and the US. The societies and networks with primary responsibility for organising the meeting are: - European Society for Molecular Imaging (ESMI) - NoE European Molecular Imaging Laboratories (EMIL) - NoE Diagnostic Molecular Imaging (DiMI) We also gratefully acknowledge the contribution from the following participating organisations: - European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) - IP Integrated Technologies for In-vivo Molecular Imaging (MOLIM) - NoE Clinical Gene Transfer and Therapy (CliniGene) All these organisations were working together, with input from a scientifically diverse, international scientific steering committee, to develop a strong scientific programme which integrates developments in imaging technologies and molecular imaging agents with applications for drug development, basic science investigations, and clinical translation with special emphasis in the main disease burdens of our society such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. We developed the 4th EMIM scientific programme primarily on the outstanding strength of submitted abstracts. About 200 abstracts were submitted, reviewed and scored. Then, each of the concurrent session co-chairs reviewed the scored abstracts which were considered relevant to their particular sessions. Session co-chairs selected abstracts for oral presentation based on average abstract score, session content and structure. Attention was also paid to diversity of disciplines and geographical distribution. From this effort 43 abstracts were integrated into the Parallel Sessions that bring attendees from different disciplines together for a comprehensive examination of the role of molecular imaging in particular biomedical problems. Furthermore, special Poster sessions have been scheduled on Thursday and Friday afternoon with no other competing sessions in order to provide an exciting opportunity to exchange cutting-edge scientific advances, to renew long time friendships and to perhaps meet new colleagues. We are especially thankful that Prof. Dr. Ignasi Carrió will give the inaugural lecture, entitled, “Interplay and endpoints in molecular imaging biomarkers; A look to the future”. In addition, we have planned 6 exciting plenary sessions, two for each day covering topics of stem cell biology, infectious diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. For our industry sponsors, this year we have especially dedicated one of the plenary sessions for a joint panel discussing on “What are the scientific needs of industry from basic research and vice versa?” bringing representatives of industry in close interaction with scientists from basic as well as clinical molecular imaging sciences. We would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the continued interest and support from the DG Research of the European Commission and the European Science Foundation (ESF) as well as extraordinary collaborative efforts between academia and industry that have come together to make this meeting possible. We would like to give also our thanks to you for your continued and growing interest and contributions to the ESMI. We hope, you will enjoy this wonderful seaside city, especially the science and interactions with other colleagues whose work may inspire you to achieve greater success in your scientific and clinical pursuits.O ur intention is that this high-level meeting will foster the coherence of a sustainable European Molecular Imaging Community with the common goal to translate fundamental research discoveries into medical application and health benefit for the European Society. Sincerely, The 4th European Molecular Imaging Meeting Executive Committee Andreas H. Jacobs, ESMI President Anna Planas, ESMI Local Organiser Clemens W.G.M. Lowik, ESMI Vice President Bertrand Tavitian, ESMI Past President Silvio Aime, ESMI Secretary Simone Mergui, ESMI Treasurer Heike Brucherseifer, ESMI Management Office COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE LOCAL ORGANIZING COmmIttEE Andreas H. Jacobs, ESMI President Ignasi Carrio, Hospital de Sant Pau Anna Planas, ESMI Local Organizer Carlos Justicia, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS Clemens W.G.M. Lowik, ESMI Vice President Javier Pavia, Hospital Clínic Bertrand Tavitian, ESMI Past President Anna Planas, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS Silvio Aime, ESMI Secretary Domenec Ros, University of Barcelona IDIBAPS Simone Mergui, ESMI Treasurer Lupe Soria IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS SCIENTIFIC STEERING COMMITTEE Helmut Maecke, CH Silvio Aime, I Christoph Bremer, D Adriana Maggi, I Ignasi Carrio, E Serge Maitrejean, F Harald Carlsen, N Chrit Moonen, F John Clark, GB Robert Muller, B Silvana del Vecchio, I Klaas Nicolay, NL Denis Guilloteau, F Vasilis Nziachristos, D Uwe Haberkorn, D David Parker, GB Karl Herholz, GB Anna Planas, E Mathias Hoehn, D Jorge Ripoll, GR Andreas H. Jacobs, D Markus Rudin, CH Fabian Kießling, D Michael Schäfers, D Gitte Knudsen, DK Markus Schwaiger, D Tony Lahoutte, B Bertrand Tavitian, F Bengt Långström, S Annemie van der Linden, B Adriaan Lammertsma, NL Koen van Laere, B Clemens W.G.M. Lowik, NL Andrea Varrone, S YOUNG INVEstIGATOR AwARD COmmIttEE Chair: Andrea Varrone Stockholm, Sweden Fabian Kiessling Aachen, Germany Tony Lahoutte Brussels, Belgium Klaas Nicolay Eindhoven, The Netherlands Sabina Pappata Naples, Italy Michael Schaefers Muenster, Germany Annemie van der Linden Antwerp, Belgium SPONSORS Platinum Sponsor Gold Sponsors together with Silver sponsors Friend of the meeting PROGRAMME AND VENUE AXA Convention Centre Av. Diagonal, 547 08029 Barcelona. T. 34 93 290 11 02. Fax 34 93 290 96 88. www.axa.es Rooms LEVEL Rooms FUNCTION Ground Floor Main Entrance registration Ground Floor "Win-Café" poster area and lunch breaks Ground Floor Speaker's room speaker's room First Floor Auditori plenary lectures First Floor Foyer exhibition area and coffee breaks Souterrain DEU I Mata sala no. 1 2nd meeting room Souterrain DEU I Mata sala no. 2 3rd meeting room Port of Barcelona Sala Maremagnum Gala Dinner Day 0 Wednesday, May 27 Programme of 4th European Molecular Imaging Meeting Auditori AXA Convention Centre - Barcelona, Spain 27-30 May 2009 DAY 0: Wednesday, May 27: AUDITORI DEU I Mata sala DEU I Mata sala no. 2 no. 1 09:00-12:00 ESMI Executive Committee Meeting (Closed Meeting) 14:00-18:00 REGISTRATION Posters' set up Exhibitors' set up Speakers' documents set up 14:00-16:00 ESMI Council Meeting (Closed Meeting) 16:00-17:30 DiMI Scientific Management Board Meeting (Closed Meeting) 18:00-19:30 Opening Ceremony Welcome, Andreas Jacobs (ESMI President) Welcome, Anna Planas (ESMI Local Organiser) Catalan context of R&D Juan Roca (General Director for Research, Catalan Government) Jean-Luc Sanne (DG Research, European Commission) Helmut Maecke (EANM Representative) Inaugural Lecture Interplay and endpoints in molecular imaging biomarkers; a look to the future, Ignasi Carrio (Barcelona, Spain) 19:30-21:00 Opening Reception Day 1 Thursday, May 28 DAY 1: Thursday, May 28: Technology, Probes, Vectors, Cells (non-disease orientated) AUDITORI DEU I Mata sala no. 1 DEU I Mata sala no. 2 7:30-9:00
Recommended publications
  • Kinetic Modeling in Positron Emission Tomography
    Ch23.qxd 28/8/04 2:05 PM Page 499 CHAPTER 23 Kinetic Modeling in Positron Emission Tomography EVAN D. MORRIS,* CHRISTOPHER J. ENDRES,† KATHLEEN C. SCHMIDT,‡ BRADLEY T. CHRISTIAN,§ RAYMOND F. MUZIC JR.,¶ RONALD E. FISHER|| *Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana †Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland ‡Laboratory of Cerebral Metabolism, NIMH, Bethesda, Maryland §Wright State University, Kettering Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio ¶Departments of Radiology, Oncology and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio ||The Methodist Hospital and Department of Radiology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas I. Introduction used in the two most ubiquitous applications of PET: imag- II. The One-Compartment Model: Blood Flow ing of blood flow and glucose metabolism. We also examine III. Positron Emission Tomography Measurements of the use of PET to image specific receptor molecules, which Regional Cerebral Glucose Use capitalizes on the unique specificity of PET. IV. Receptor–Ligand Models Supplied with single (static) PET images and no kinetic V. Model Simplifications model to aid in their interpretation, one is confined to asking VI. Limitations to Absolute Quantification questions that can be answered only on the basis of spatial VII. Functional Imaging of Neurochemistry—Future Uses information such as: Where is glucose being used? Where VIII. A Generalized Implementation of the Model are particular receptor molecules located within the brain or Equations the heart? With the acquisition of dynamic (time-sequence) imaging data and the application of kinetic models, one can pose many additional quantitative questions based on temporal I.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural History, MRI Morphology, and Dopamine Receptor Imaging with 123IBZM-SPECT
    J7ournal ofNeurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1994;57:1047-1056 1047 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.57.9.1047 on 1 September 1994. Downloaded from Multiple system atrophy: natural history, MRI morphology, and dopamine receptor imaging with 123IBZM-SPECT J B Schulz, T Klockgether, D Petersen, M Jauch, W Muiller-Schauenburg, S Spieker, K Voigt, J Dichgans Abstract of the intermediolateral cell columns of the Sixteen patients with a clinical diagnosis spinal cord. All of these changes are not neces- of probable multiple system atrophy sarily found in each patient with MSA. In (MSA) were examined clinically by MRI some patients, degeneration affects mainly the and by 523I-iodobenzamide single photon basal ganglia, whereas in others the ponto- emission computed tomography (IBZM- cerebellar system or the spinal cord are more SPECT). The clinical records of another affected. Therefore, evidence of cell degenera- 16 patients were also analysed retrospec- tion and gliosis in at least three of the following tively. On the basis of their clinical pre- anatomical structures is thought to be suffi- sentation, patients were subdivided into cient for the neuropathological diagnosis of those with prominent parkinsonism MSA: striatum, substantia nigra, Purkinje (MSA-P, n = 11) and those with promi- cell layer of the cerebellar cortex, pontine nent cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C, n = 21). nuclei, inferior olives, and intermediolateral Autonomic symptoms were present in all cell columns of the spinal cord.'4 Striatum or patients and preceded the onset of motor substantia nigra must be one of these areas.5 symptoms in 63% of patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Brain Imaging
    Publications · Brochures Brain Imaging A Technologist’s Guide Produced with the kind Support of Editors Fragoso Costa, Pedro (Oldenburg) Santos, Andrea (Lisbon) Vidovič, Borut (Munich) Contributors Arbizu Lostao, Javier Pagani, Marco Barthel, Henryk Payoux, Pierre Boehm, Torsten Pepe, Giovanna Calapaquí-Terán, Adriana Peștean, Claudiu Delgado-Bolton, Roberto Sabri, Osama Garibotto, Valentina Sočan, Aljaž Grmek, Marko Sousa, Eva Hackett, Elizabeth Testanera, Giorgio Hoffmann, Karl Titus Tiepolt, Solveig Law, Ian van de Giessen, Elsmarieke Lucena, Filipa Vaz, Tânia Morbelli, Silvia Werner, Peter Contents Foreword 4 Introduction 5 Andrea Santos, Pedro Fragoso Costa Chapter 1 Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology 6 Elsmarieke van de Giessen, Silvia Morbelli and Pierre Payoux Chapter 2 Tracers for Brain Imaging 12 Aljaz Socan Chapter 3 SPECT and SPECT/CT in Oncological Brain Imaging (*) 26 Elizabeth C. Hackett Chapter 4 Imaging in Oncological Brain Diseases: PET/CT 33 EANM Giorgio Testanera and Giovanna Pepe Chapter 5 Imaging in Neurological and Vascular Brain Diseases (SPECT and SPECT/CT) 54 Filipa Lucena, Eva Sousa and Tânia F. Vaz Chapter 6 Imaging in Neurological and Vascular Brain Diseases (PET/CT) 72 Ian Law, Valentina Garibotto and Marco Pagani Chapter 7 PET/CT in Radiotherapy Planning of Brain Tumours 92 Roberto Delgado-Bolton, Adriana K. Calapaquí-Terán and Javier Arbizu Chapter 8 PET/MRI for Brain Imaging 100 Peter Werner, Torsten Boehm, Solveig Tiepolt, Henryk Barthel, Karl T. Hoffmann and Osama Sabri Chapter 9 Brain Death 110 Marko Grmek Chapter 10 Health Care in Patients with Neurological Disorders 116 Claudiu Peștean Imprint 126 n accordance with the Austrian Eco-Label for printed matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiotracers for SPECT Imaging: Current Scenario and Future Prospects
    Radiochim. Acta 100, 95–107 (2012) / DOI 10.1524/ract.2011.1891 © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München Radiotracers for SPECT imaging: current scenario and future prospects By S. Adak1,∗, R. Bhalla2, K. K. Vijaya Raj1, S. Mandal1, R. Pickett2 andS.K.Luthra2 1 GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, John F Welch Technology Center, Bangalore, India 560066 2 GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, HP7 9LL, UK (Received October 4, 2010; accepted in final form July 18, 2011) Nuclear medicine / 99m-Technetium / 123-Iodine / ton emission computed tomography (SPECT or less com- Oncological imaging / Neurological imaging / monly known as SPET) and positron emission tomogra- Cardiovascular imaging phy (PET). Both techniques use radiolabeled molecules to probe molecular processes that can be visualized, quanti- fied and tracked over time, thus allowing the discrimination Summary. Single photon emission computed tomography of healthy from diseased tissue with a high degree of con- (SPECT) has been the cornerstone of nuclear medicine and today fidence. The imaging agents use target-specific biological it is widely used to detect molecular changes in cardiovascular, processes associated with the disease being assessed both at neurological and oncological diseases. While SPECT has been the cellular and subcellular levels within living organisms. available since the 1980s, advances in instrumentation hardware, The impact of molecular imaging has been on greater under- software and the availability of new radiotracers that are creating a revival in SPECT imaging are reviewed in this paper. standing of integrative biology, earlier detection and charac- The biggest change in the last decade has been the fusion terization of disease, and evaluation of treatment in human of CT with SPECT, which has improved attenuation correction subjects [1–3].
    [Show full text]
  • 123I-Iodobenzamide SPECT Is Not an Independent Predictor of Dopaminergic Responsiveness in Patients with Suspected Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes
    123I-Iodobenzamide SPECT Is Not an Independent Predictor of Dopaminergic Responsiveness in Patients with Suspected Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes Sabine Hellwig1,2, Annabelle Kreft3, Florian Amtage1, Oliver Tüscher1,4, Oliver H. Winz5, Bernhard Hellwig1, Cornelius Weiller1, Wolfgang A. Weber3, Werner Vach6, and Philipp T. Meyer3 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany; 5Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and 6Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany The prediction of dopaminergic responsiveness in patients with par- According to current consensus criteria, poor responsiveness kinsonism is desirable for effective treatment strategies. We in- to levodopa is suggestive of atypical parkinsonian syndrome (APS) vestigated whether striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2R) binding (1). However, up to 30% of patients diagnosed with multiple-system 123 assessed by I-iodobenzamide SPECT is an independent predic- atrophy or progressive supranuclear palsy benefit from dopami- tor of dopaminergic responsiveness in patients with parkinsonism. nergic medication, particularly at early stages of the disease (2,3). Methods: Seventy-eight patients
    [Show full text]
  • Pathology, Prevention and Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Disease
    Pathology, Prevention and Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Disease Sarika Singh Neeraj Joshi Editors 123 Pathology, Prevention and Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Disease Sarika Singh • Neeraj Joshi Editors Pathology, Prevention and Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Disease Editors Sarika Singh Neeraj Joshi Toxicology and Experimental Department of Surgery Medicine Division Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Institute, Cedar Sinai Medical Center Lucknow Los Angeles, CA India USA ISBN 978-981-13-0943-4 ISBN 978-981-13-0944-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0944-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018952338 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Dopamine D2 Receptor Imaging with Iodine-123-Iodobenzamide SPECT in Idiopathic Rotational Torticollis
    Dopamine D2 Receptor Imaging with Iodine-123-Iodobenzamide SPECT in Idiopathic Rotational Torticollis Johannes Hierholzer, Michael Cordes, Ludwig Schelosky, Wolf Richter, Uwe Keske, Stephan Venz, Wolfhard Senunler, Werner Poewe and Roland Felix Strahlenkiinik unci Neumlogirche KlinilçUnive,@ritatskJiniIasmRudolf Virchow, Freie Universi:ät,Berlin and Institut für Diagnostikforschung; Berlin@Germany may show rotational torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis or The cause of idiopathic rotational torticoibs (tAT) is not corn combinations thereof (Table 1). According to the ad hoc pI@ understoodto date. However,basalgangbaare believed committee of the Dystonia Medical Research Fondation, to be involved in the pathophysiologyof IRT. To elucidatethis dystonia is classified by the age of onset, cause and body disorderfurther, the value ofiodobenzamide (IBZM) SPECT was distribution of the abnormal movement (Table 1). The cx studied for the evaluation of striatal dopamine D2 receptors in clusion of symptomatic dystoniajustifles the nominationof these patients.M@hods: StriataldopamineD2 receptordensity idiopathic focal dystonia (IFD) and, in case of head rota was assessed in 10 patientswith IRT using 1@I-IBZMSPECT. Theimageswereinterpretedbya nudearmedicinephysician tion, idiopathicrotationaltorticollis (IRT). initiallyto determineIBZMbindingwithinthe sthatumandthe The precise pathophysiology underlying idiopathic cerebellumand,secondly,intersthatalIBZMbinding.Theresuits adult-onset dystonia remains unclear. CF and MRI are werecorrelatedwiththedir@calparametersof
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue ABX Advancend Biochemical Compounds
    ABX advanced biochemical compounds Chemicals for Molecular Imaging 2017 ABX advanced biochemical compounds Manufacturing and development of chemicals for molecular imaging • Worldwide leading supplier of PET precursors and FDG reagents kits • Production and development of PET and SPECT precursors and reference standards • Manufacturing of reagents kits and cassettes, particularly kits for FDG, F-DOPA, FLT, F-Choline, NaF, F- MISO, FES and FET production • US (FDA) and European Drug Master File (DMF) for Mannose Triflate (FDG precursor) • European Drug Master File (DMF) for FDG reagents kits using the GE TRACERlab MX, Neptis and Siemens Explora One synthesis modules • Further DMFs and technical documents for PET and SPECT precursors • Custom synthesis and manufacturing according to GMP for APIs • Design, custom synthesis and production of peptides (GMP quality on request) • Leading manufacturer of reagents kits and cassettes for 68Ga -Labelling • Performance of stability studies • Hot Lab for R&D of new pharmaceutical kits and cassettes and co-operation with pharmaceutical companies • Development of radiotracers as well as labelling and purification strategies • Distributor of 18O-Water FDG grade and GMP grade • ROVER - ABX PET evaluation software • 17 years experience • 190 professionals (among them 20 with PhD) • New manufacturing, filling and assembling sites • Clean room facilities for the production and filling under pharmaceutical conditions • Audited and accepted as GMP API manufacturer by: - German pharmaceutical authorities -
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Radiotracers for Neuroimaging
    Development of Radiotracers for Neuroimaging Niral Patel Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London Declaration I, Niral Patel, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been referenced accordingly. This thesis is based on research conducted between September 2011 to May 2014 at the Chemistry Department and Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, U.K. Niral Patel 2 Abstract Nuclear imaging enables quantitative measurements of biological processes in vivo and has revolutionised biomedical research, drug development and clinical practice. Despite the advances made in this field, the ability to image fundamental aspects of neurological diseases remains a challenge. This is partly due to the limited availability of radiotracers for imaging excitatory neurotransmission and detection of inflammation as well as an array of other biochemical processes central to the operational function of the brain. The aim of this research was to expand the arsenal of radiotracers available for neuroimaging in order to study key pathological processes involved in neurological diseases. With the aim to target neuronal Voltage Gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule – 1 (VCAM-1) and N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs), radiotracers have been synthesised and evaluated. Abnormal expression of these receptors has been implicated in a number of pathological conditions including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and neurodegeneration. The radiotracers were characterised and evaluated via in vivo imaging (MRI and SPECT/CT) and ex-vivo studies (phosphorimaging, biodistribution and metabolite analysis) in order to determine if they hold significant potential as tools to study neuronal pathways as well as for diagnostic imaging and treatment monitoring.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is RLS Dr.Ondo 5.17.2017 Slides
    Restless Legs Syndrome WILLIAM ONDO MD DIRECTOR - HOUSTON METHODIST MOVEMENT DISORDER CENTER DIRECTOR - RLS QUALITY CARE CENTER, HOUSTON Disclaimer • Grant Support: Lundbeck, Luitpold, PSG, HSG, TRG, RLSF • Speaking/Consulting fees: TEVA, UCB Pharma, Xenoport, ACADIA Clinical Definition • Urge to move the legs with or without paresthesias • Symptoms worse during inactivity • Symptoms improve with activity • Worsening of symptoms in evening and night Supportive Criteria • Sleep disturbances • Normal neurologic examination • Chronic progressive course • Periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) • Family history • Dopamine response Clinical Description (Paresthesias) • Need to move • Tension • Crawling • Discomfort • Tingling • Itching • Cramping • Heebie Jeebies • Creeping • Wriggling maggots • Pulling • Fidgets • Painful • Elvis legs • Electric Ondo W. 1996 Clinical Descriptions • Usually between knees and feet • Deep sensation (90%) • Bilateral, unilateral or alternating • Arms may be involved (22%-57%) • Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep (PLMS) PLMS Differential Diagnosis • Akathisia • Painful legs and moving toes • Nocturnal leg cramps • Growing pains • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder • Vesper’s curse • Orthostatic hypotension • Orthostatic tremor • PLMS without RLS • Psychogenic RLS in Children • No definitive epidemiology (1-2%) • Many children do not meet criteria for adult RLS May present with: •“growing pains” •Associated with low ferritin and PLMS •Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Picchietti D, 2013 RLS and ADHD ADHD
    [Show full text]
  • The Dopamine Theory of Addiction: 40 Years of Highs and Lows
    PERSPECTIVES explore the current evidence for this theory OPINION and suggest that initial optimism must now be cautioned with a more objective view of The dopamine theory of addiction: the role of dopamine in addiction. 40 years of highs and lows Dopamine and the drug high Studying in vivo dopamine function in humans became possible in the mid‑1990s David J. Nutt, Anne Lingford-Hughes, David Erritzoe and Paul R. A. Stokes with the development of radiotracer imag- 11 Abstract | For several decades, addiction has come to be viewed as a disorder of ing techniques, such as C-raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) and the dopamine neurotransmitter system; however, this view has not led to new 123I-iodobenzamide (IBZM) single-photon treatments. In this Opinion article, we review the origins of the dopamine theory emission computed tomography (SPECT). of addiction and discuss the ability of addictive drugs to elicit the release of These tracers can be used to measure the dopamine in the human striatum. There is robust evidence that stimulants increase availability of striatal dopamine D2/3 recep- striatal dopamine levels and some evidence that alcohol may have such an effect, tors and changes in striatal dopamine levels in the synapse8 (BOX 1). but little evidence, if any, that cannabis and opiates increase dopamine levels. The crucial breakthrough in imaging Moreover, there is good evidence that striatal dopamine receptor availability and the human dopamine system in addiction dopamine release are diminished in individuals with stimulant or alcohol came in 1994, when it was demonstrated dependence but not in individuals with opiate, nicotine or cannabis dependence.
    [Show full text]
  • Known Drugs Identified by Structure-Based Virtual Screening
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Known Drugs Identified by Structure-Based Virtual Screening Are Able to Bind Sigma-1 Receptor and Increase Growth of Huntington Disease Patient-Derived Cells Theo Battista 1,2,† , Gianmarco Pascarella 1,2,†, David Sasah Staid 1,2,† , Gianni Colotti 1 , Jessica Rosati 3 , Annarita Fiorillo 2 , Alessia Casamassa 3,4, Angelo Luigi Vescovi 3, Barbara Giabbai 5, Marta Stefania Semrau 5,6 , Sergio Fanelli 7 , Paola Storici 5 , Ferdinando Squitieri 7 , Veronica Morea 1,* and Andrea Ilari 1,* 1 Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (T.B.); [email protected] (G.P.); [email protected] (D.S.S.); [email protected] (G.C.) 2 Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; annarita.fi[email protected] 3 Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; [email protected] (J.R.); [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (A.L.V.) 4 Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy 5 Protein Facility, Structural Biology Lab, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Italy; [email protected] (B.G.); [email protected] (M.S.S.); [email protected] (P.S.) 6 Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy 7 Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Citation: Battista, T.; Pascarella, G.; 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; [email protected] (S.F.); [email protected] (F.S.) Staid, D.S.; Colotti, G.; Rosati, J.; * Correspondence: [email protected] (V.M.); [email protected] (A.I.); Fiorillo, A.; Casamassa, A.; Vescovi, Tel.: +39-06-49910556 (V.M.); +39-06-4991-0910 (A.I.) A.L.; Giabbai, B.; Semrau, M.S.; et al.
    [Show full text]