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The Medical Management of Depression
The new england journal of medicine review article drug therapy The Medical Management of Depression J. John Mann, M.D. ecurrent episodes of major depression, which is a common From the Department of Neuroscience, and serious illness, are called major depressive disorder; depressive episodes New York State Psychiatric Institute– r Columbia University College of Physicians that occur in conjunction with manic episodes are called bipolar disorder. and Surgeons, New York. Address reprint Major depressive disorder accounts for 4.4 percent of the total overall global disease requests to Dr. Mann at the Department of burden, a contribution similar to that of ischemic heart disease or diarrheal diseases.1 Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric 2 Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., Box 42, New The prevalence of major depressive disorder in the United States is 5.4 to 8.9 percent York, NY 10032, or at [email protected]. and of bipolar disorder, 1.7 to 3.7 percent.3 Major depression affects 5 to 13 percent of medical outpatients,4 yet is often undiagnosed and untreated.5,6 Moreover, it is often N Engl J Med 2005;353:1819-34. undertreated when correctly diagnosed.6 Copyright © 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society. The demographics of depression are impressive. Among persons both with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, 75 to 85 percent have recurrent episodes.7,8 In addition, 10 to 30 percent of persons with a major depressive episode recover incom- pletely and have persistent, residual depressive symptoms, or dysthymia, a disorder with symptoms -
Kinetic Modeling in Positron Emission Tomography
Ch23.qxd 28/8/04 2:05 PM Page 499 CHAPTER 23 Kinetic Modeling in Positron Emission Tomography EVAN D. MORRIS,* CHRISTOPHER J. ENDRES,† KATHLEEN C. SCHMIDT,‡ BRADLEY T. CHRISTIAN,§ RAYMOND F. MUZIC JR.,¶ RONALD E. FISHER|| *Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana †Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland ‡Laboratory of Cerebral Metabolism, NIMH, Bethesda, Maryland §Wright State University, Kettering Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio ¶Departments of Radiology, Oncology and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio ||The Methodist Hospital and Department of Radiology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas I. Introduction used in the two most ubiquitous applications of PET: imag- II. The One-Compartment Model: Blood Flow ing of blood flow and glucose metabolism. We also examine III. Positron Emission Tomography Measurements of the use of PET to image specific receptor molecules, which Regional Cerebral Glucose Use capitalizes on the unique specificity of PET. IV. Receptor–Ligand Models Supplied with single (static) PET images and no kinetic V. Model Simplifications model to aid in their interpretation, one is confined to asking VI. Limitations to Absolute Quantification questions that can be answered only on the basis of spatial VII. Functional Imaging of Neurochemistry—Future Uses information such as: Where is glucose being used? Where VIII. A Generalized Implementation of the Model are particular receptor molecules located within the brain or Equations the heart? With the acquisition of dynamic (time-sequence) imaging data and the application of kinetic models, one can pose many additional quantitative questions based on temporal I. -
Polymorphic Regions of the Estrogen Receptor, Androgen Receptor and Serotonin Transporter Genes and Their Association with Mood Variability in Young Women
Lakehead University Knowledge Commons,http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca Electronic Theses and Dissertations Retrospective theses 2006 Polymorphic regions of the estrogen receptor, androgen receptor and serotonin transporter genes and their association with mood variability in young women Richards, Meghan A. http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/handle/2453/3361 Downloaded from Lakehead University, KnowledgeCommons Polymorphic Regions 1 Ruimmg head: GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS AND MOOD Polymorphic Regions of the Estrogen Receptor, Androgen Receptor and Serotonin Transporter Genes and their Association with Mood Variability in Young Women Meghan A. Richards M.A. Thesis Lakehead University Supervisor: Dr. Kirsten Oinonen copyright © Meghan Richards, 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliothèque et 1^1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-21539-5 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-21539-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce,Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve,sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet,distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, électronique commercial purposes, in microform,et/ou autres formats. -
Human 5-HT Transporter Availability Predicts Amygdala Reactivityin Vivo
The Journal of Neuroscience, August 22, 2007 • 27(34):9233–9237 • 9233 Brief Communications Human 5-HT Transporter Availability Predicts Amygdala Reactivity In Vivo Rebecca A. Rhodes,1 Naga Venkatesha Murthy,1,3 M. Alex Dresner,2 Sudhakar Selvaraj,1,4 Nikolaos Stavrakakis,1 Syed Babar,5 Philip J. Cowen,4 and Paul M. Grasby1 1Psychiatry Group, 2Imaging Sciences Department, Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, and 3Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Clinical Pharmaceology Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom, and 5Radiology Department, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom The amygdala plays a central role in fear conditioning, emotional processing, and memory modulation. A postulated key component of the neurochemical regulation of amygdala function is the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and synaptic levels of 5-HT in the amygdala and elsewhere are critically regulated by the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT). The aim of this study was to directly examine the relationship between 5-HTT availability and amygdala activity using multimodal [positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)] imaging measures in the same individuals. Healthy male volunteers who had previously undergone an[ 11C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile([ 11C]-DASB)PETscantodetermine5-HTTavailabilitycom- pleted an fMRI emotion recognition task. [ 11C]-DASB binding potential values were calculated for the amygdala using arterial input function and linear graphical (Logan) analysis. fMRI was performed on a 3T Philips Intera scanner, and data were analyzed using SPM2 (Wellcome Department Imaging Neuroscience, University College London). -
Contents I. Central Nervous System Diseases Ii
CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS xi PREFACE xiii CORRIGENDUM xv I. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES Section Editor: David Wustrow, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1. Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Modulators: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Potential 3 Scott R. Breining, Anatoly A. Mazurov and Craig H. Miller, Targacept, Inc., 200 East First Street, Suite 300, Winston-Salem, NC 27101 2. Recent Advances in Selective Serotonergic Agents 17 Wayne E. Childers, Jr. and Albert J. Robichaud, Chemical & Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, NJ 08543 3. BACE Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease 35 Ellen W. Baxter and Allen B. Reitz, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA 19477-0776 4. Positron Emission Tomography Agents for Central Nervous System Drug Development Applications 49 N. Scott Masona and Chester A. Mathisa,b,c, aDepartments of Radiology, bPharmacology and cPharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA II. CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASES Section Editor: Andrew Stamford, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 5. Emerging Topics in Atherosclerosis: HDL Raising Therapies 71 Peter J. Sinclair, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA v vi Contents 6. Small Molecule Anticoagulant/Antithrombotic Agents 85 Robert M. Scarborough, Anjali Pandey and Xiaoming Zhang, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 270 East Grand Ave., Suite 22, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA 7. CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists 103 Francis Barth, Sanofi-aventis, 371 rue du Professeur Blayac 34184 Montpellier Cedex 04, France 8. Melanin-Concentrating Hormone as a Therapeutic Target 119 Mark D. McBriar and Timothy J. Kowalski, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 9. -
Natural History, MRI Morphology, and Dopamine Receptor Imaging with 123IBZM-SPECT
J7ournal ofNeurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1994;57:1047-1056 1047 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.57.9.1047 on 1 September 1994. Downloaded from Multiple system atrophy: natural history, MRI morphology, and dopamine receptor imaging with 123IBZM-SPECT J B Schulz, T Klockgether, D Petersen, M Jauch, W Muiller-Schauenburg, S Spieker, K Voigt, J Dichgans Abstract of the intermediolateral cell columns of the Sixteen patients with a clinical diagnosis spinal cord. All of these changes are not neces- of probable multiple system atrophy sarily found in each patient with MSA. In (MSA) were examined clinically by MRI some patients, degeneration affects mainly the and by 523I-iodobenzamide single photon basal ganglia, whereas in others the ponto- emission computed tomography (IBZM- cerebellar system or the spinal cord are more SPECT). The clinical records of another affected. Therefore, evidence of cell degenera- 16 patients were also analysed retrospec- tion and gliosis in at least three of the following tively. On the basis of their clinical pre- anatomical structures is thought to be suffi- sentation, patients were subdivided into cient for the neuropathological diagnosis of those with prominent parkinsonism MSA: striatum, substantia nigra, Purkinje (MSA-P, n = 11) and those with promi- cell layer of the cerebellar cortex, pontine nent cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C, n = 21). nuclei, inferior olives, and intermediolateral Autonomic symptoms were present in all cell columns of the spinal cord.'4 Striatum or patients and preceded the onset of motor substantia nigra must be one of these areas.5 symptoms in 63% of patients. -
Brain Imaging
Publications · Brochures Brain Imaging A Technologist’s Guide Produced with the kind Support of Editors Fragoso Costa, Pedro (Oldenburg) Santos, Andrea (Lisbon) Vidovič, Borut (Munich) Contributors Arbizu Lostao, Javier Pagani, Marco Barthel, Henryk Payoux, Pierre Boehm, Torsten Pepe, Giovanna Calapaquí-Terán, Adriana Peștean, Claudiu Delgado-Bolton, Roberto Sabri, Osama Garibotto, Valentina Sočan, Aljaž Grmek, Marko Sousa, Eva Hackett, Elizabeth Testanera, Giorgio Hoffmann, Karl Titus Tiepolt, Solveig Law, Ian van de Giessen, Elsmarieke Lucena, Filipa Vaz, Tânia Morbelli, Silvia Werner, Peter Contents Foreword 4 Introduction 5 Andrea Santos, Pedro Fragoso Costa Chapter 1 Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology 6 Elsmarieke van de Giessen, Silvia Morbelli and Pierre Payoux Chapter 2 Tracers for Brain Imaging 12 Aljaz Socan Chapter 3 SPECT and SPECT/CT in Oncological Brain Imaging (*) 26 Elizabeth C. Hackett Chapter 4 Imaging in Oncological Brain Diseases: PET/CT 33 EANM Giorgio Testanera and Giovanna Pepe Chapter 5 Imaging in Neurological and Vascular Brain Diseases (SPECT and SPECT/CT) 54 Filipa Lucena, Eva Sousa and Tânia F. Vaz Chapter 6 Imaging in Neurological and Vascular Brain Diseases (PET/CT) 72 Ian Law, Valentina Garibotto and Marco Pagani Chapter 7 PET/CT in Radiotherapy Planning of Brain Tumours 92 Roberto Delgado-Bolton, Adriana K. Calapaquí-Terán and Javier Arbizu Chapter 8 PET/MRI for Brain Imaging 100 Peter Werner, Torsten Boehm, Solveig Tiepolt, Henryk Barthel, Karl T. Hoffmann and Osama Sabri Chapter 9 Brain Death 110 Marko Grmek Chapter 10 Health Care in Patients with Neurological Disorders 116 Claudiu Peștean Imprint 126 n accordance with the Austrian Eco-Label for printed matters. -
Radiotracers for SPECT Imaging: Current Scenario and Future Prospects
Radiochim. Acta 100, 95–107 (2012) / DOI 10.1524/ract.2011.1891 © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München Radiotracers for SPECT imaging: current scenario and future prospects By S. Adak1,∗, R. Bhalla2, K. K. Vijaya Raj1, S. Mandal1, R. Pickett2 andS.K.Luthra2 1 GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, John F Welch Technology Center, Bangalore, India 560066 2 GE Healthcare Medical Diagnostics, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, HP7 9LL, UK (Received October 4, 2010; accepted in final form July 18, 2011) Nuclear medicine / 99m-Technetium / 123-Iodine / ton emission computed tomography (SPECT or less com- Oncological imaging / Neurological imaging / monly known as SPET) and positron emission tomogra- Cardiovascular imaging phy (PET). Both techniques use radiolabeled molecules to probe molecular processes that can be visualized, quanti- fied and tracked over time, thus allowing the discrimination Summary. Single photon emission computed tomography of healthy from diseased tissue with a high degree of con- (SPECT) has been the cornerstone of nuclear medicine and today fidence. The imaging agents use target-specific biological it is widely used to detect molecular changes in cardiovascular, processes associated with the disease being assessed both at neurological and oncological diseases. While SPECT has been the cellular and subcellular levels within living organisms. available since the 1980s, advances in instrumentation hardware, The impact of molecular imaging has been on greater under- software and the availability of new radiotracers that are creating a revival in SPECT imaging are reviewed in this paper. standing of integrative biology, earlier detection and charac- The biggest change in the last decade has been the fusion terization of disease, and evaluation of treatment in human of CT with SPECT, which has improved attenuation correction subjects [1–3]. -
Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences Series Editors Mark A. Geyer, La Jolla, CA, USA Bart A. Ellenbroek, Wellington, New Zealand Charles A. Marsden, Nottingham, UK For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7854 About this Series Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences provides critical and comprehensive discussions of the most significant areas of behavioral neuroscience research, written by leading international authorities. Each volume offers an informative and contemporary account of its subject, making it an unrivalled reference source. Titles in this series are available in both print and electronic formats. With the development of new methodologies for brain imaging, genetic and genomic analyses, molecular engineering of mutant animals, novel routes for drug delivery, and sophisticated cross-species behavioral assessments, it is now possible to study behavior relevant to psychiatric and neurological diseases and disorders on the physiological level. The Behavioral Neurosciences series focuses on ‘‘translational medicine’’ and cutting-edge technologies. Preclinical and clinical trials for the development of new diagostics and therapeutics as well as prevention efforts are covered whenever possible. Cameron S. Carter • Jeffrey W. Dalley Editors Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience 123 Editors Cameron S. Carter Jeffrey W. Dalley Imaging Research Center Department of Experimental Psychology Center for Neuroscience University of Cambridge University of California at Davis Downing Site Sacramento, CA 95817 Cambridge CB2 3EB USA UK ISSN 1866-3370 ISSN 1866-3389 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-642-28710-7 ISBN 978-3-642-28711-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-28711-4 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012938202 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. -
Synthesis of Novel 6-Nitroquipazine Analogs for Imaging the Serotonin Transporter by Positron Emission Tomography
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2006 Synthesis of novel 6-nitroquipazine analogs for imaging the serotonin transporter by positron emission tomography David B. Bolstad The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Bolstad, David B., "Synthesis of novel 6-nitroquipazine analogs for imaging the serotonin transporter by positron emission tomography" (2006). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 9590. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/9590 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author's Signature: Date: C n { ( j o j 0 ^ Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. 8/98 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. -
Disproportionate Reduction of Serotonin Transporter May Predict
International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015, 1–12 doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyu120 Research Article article Disproportionate Reduction of Serotonin Transporter May Predict the Response and Adherence to Antidepressants in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Positron Emission Tomography Study with 4-[18F]-ADAM Yi-Wei Yeh, MD; Pei-Shen Ho, MD, MS; Shin-Chang Kuo, MD; Chun-Yen Chen, MD; Chih-Sung Liang, MD; Che-Hung Yen, MD; Chang-Chih Huang, MD; Kuo-Hsing Ma, PhD; Chyng-Yann Shiue, PhD; Wen-Sheng Huang, MD; Jia-Fwu Shyu, MD, PhD; Fang-Jung Wan, MD, PhD; Ru-Band Lu, MD; San-Yuan Huang, MD, PhD Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Drs Yeh, Kuo, Chen, Liang, and S-Y Huang); Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Drs Yeh, Kuo, Chen, Shyu, Wan, and S-Y Huang); Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Drs Ho and Liang); Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Dr Yen); Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Branch, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan (Dr C-C Huang); Department of Biology & Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Professor Ma and Dr Shyu); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Professor Shiue and Dr W-S Huang); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan (Dr W-S Huang); Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (Dr Lu). Correspondence: San-Yuan Huang, MD, PhD, Professor and Attending Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. -
123I-Iodobenzamide SPECT Is Not an Independent Predictor of Dopaminergic Responsiveness in Patients with Suspected Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes
123I-Iodobenzamide SPECT Is Not an Independent Predictor of Dopaminergic Responsiveness in Patients with Suspected Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes Sabine Hellwig1,2, Annabelle Kreft3, Florian Amtage1, Oliver Tüscher1,4, Oliver H. Winz5, Bernhard Hellwig1, Cornelius Weiller1, Wolfgang A. Weber3, Werner Vach6, and Philipp T. Meyer3 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany; 5Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and 6Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany The prediction of dopaminergic responsiveness in patients with par- According to current consensus criteria, poor responsiveness kinsonism is desirable for effective treatment strategies. We in- to levodopa is suggestive of atypical parkinsonian syndrome (APS) vestigated whether striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2R) binding (1). However, up to 30% of patients diagnosed with multiple-system 123 assessed by I-iodobenzamide SPECT is an independent predic- atrophy or progressive supranuclear palsy benefit from dopami- tor of dopaminergic responsiveness in patients with parkinsonism. nergic medication, particularly at early stages of the disease (2,3). Methods: Seventy-eight patients