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An Unusual Nayadina (Bivalvia:Malleidae) from the Eocene of South Carolina

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An Unusual Nayadina (Bivalvia:Malleidae) from the Eocene of South Carolina AN UNUSUAL NAYADINA (BIVALVIA:MALLEIDAE) FROM THE EOCENE OF SOUTH CAROLINA RICHARD L. SQUIRES DEPJ\RTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY NORTHRIDGE, CALIFORNIA 91.330 and ROGER W. PORTELL FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE , FLORIDA 32611 Nayadina (Exputens) is a North Ameri­ sect10n of Route 6 and Route 5~), near the can, Eocene, warm-water, malleid bivalve town of Eutaw Spring, is c:;;hown on the U. with Old World Tethyan affinities. Three S. Geological Survey, 7.5 minute, Cross species are known, and the one with the Quadrang:f', 19X7 edition. The specimen is most widespread distribution is N. (E.) from the SanteP L1mt.>::-.torw and was em­ batequensis Squires, 1990, from northwest­ bedded in a gray, WE.'11-indurated bioclastic ern Jamaica, the southern part of Baja Cal­ limestonp containmg othE. r bivalves, the ifornia, Mexico, and western Washington. large benthie fo .... ammifr·ra [,epidocylina, In Jamaica, the age of this species is only and fragmPnt~ of nryozoanc:;;. No other generally known as Early to Middle Eo­ complete valvPs of Kx:putens were found in cene, but elsewhere its age is considered the quarry a 1thm.gh numE.·rou~ frdgments Early Eocene (Squires, 1990, 1992; Squires were detectpcf. and Goedert, in press). The second species Hdrris and Zt..lo ( 1980, fig. :{) corTPlated is the Early to Middle Eocene N. (E.) the Santee L1mestonp ~o thP Pntire llajasensis (Clark, 1934) from southern and Claiborne StagP ( M" ddlE. EocPrlE') of the central California, central Oregon, and Gulf Coast. Tl.Py also 111•prpn·tl'd this lime­ western Washington (Squires, 1990, 1992). stont.' to be compost. d of calcarpous bank The third species is the Middle to Late Eo­ deposits that accumuldt(·d on a broad, low­ cene N. (E.) ocalensis (MacNeil, 1934) from lying fore:and arpa o Pr which the sea Florida, Georgia, and North Carolina tran~gressed rapidly Wdrcl et al. ( 1979) de­ (Squires, 1990). Specimens of Nayadina signatPd tlw npostratcttvpe for thP Santee (Exputens) sp., recently discovered in Limestone to hP ~1 P BPrkE. !Py Quarry. South Carolina by D. Campbell (this vol­ Spt.'cin1('r. lH (:)()0 i't 1 ·~o.5 cm in length ume), may also represent N. (E. ) ocalen­ and 11.5 cm 111 ht i1rl t It 1s ano1.t fuur times sis. as large a~ c1nv prP\ 1oush · nown speci­ Exputens either immigrated into North men of Na11ad11 a rF. p1ite11s1: namely, a America from the Old World via the cir­ ;).:rn cm !or g o..,pPcm1Pr o · N. 1 E. J lln}asen­ cum-equatorial current that flowed east to sis from ~out H'rr1 C·1 dor rna. The valve of west during the Early Eocene or the sub­ ~pecim( 11 UF h6014 I as a prominently genus originated in the Jamaica area curved ...,hape. v. ifh a pt•( uliar pmcher-like (Squires, 1992). anterior end ( pldtP • , Li• irt·s L 2). The pos­ Recent preparation and study of a well­ tt'nor pncl is quadr dt(. nw \dive is moder­ preserved single valve of a malleid speci­ atPly smooth l'Xl'Ppt 011 1t-.; ml'dial area men, which has been housed in the collec­ wlwre weat 1ering tld. t•xpoc;Pcl irregular tions at the Florida Museum of Natura: co:n111drgim.l larnellcw The beak is pro­ History (UF) for many years, revealed that sogyrate, very low. and in ~lw miclclle of the bivalve is a Nayadina (Exputens). The the anterior halt' o" the valvl'. The ligamen­ tal pit 1~ :3 cm in .engtn (mea-.;urecl parallel specimen (UF 66044) was collected m 1975 to tl.e l, arid a narrow byssal sinus is by Muriel Hunter and Joseph B anks from hmt~t· cll-tt>ctable in the bee- k area (plate 1, figure a large boulder on the floo r of the Martin 3l. The lunge <irt>a is flat and smooth Marietta Berkeley Quarry, Berkeley posteriorly to the ligrnnental pit but is County, southern South Carolina. Th<.' th1ckPnecl cl.!ld projpc•ing a11teriorly. quarry, which is about 75 km northwest of Squire:, (I ~mo :::ho\v Pd that E:rp1lt<:>ns Charleston and 2.4 km south of the inter- 179 180 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 27 had an epifaunal nestling mode of life, with LITERATURE CITED attachment of the dorsal side (hinge side) CAMPBELL, D. , 1995, New molluscan faunas by byssus to hard substrate, and a very f"rom the Eocene of South Carolina: Tulane wide range in morphologic variation. Stud. Geo!. Paleont., v. 27 , nos. 1-4, p. 11 9- Specimen UF 66044 rested on the thick­ 151. ened portion of its hinge line that extended HARRIS, W.B., and V.A. ZULLO, 1980, Rb-S r from the beak to the anterior end. Some glc.iuconite isochron of the Eocene Castle Hayne Limestone, North Carolina: Geol. elongation took place anteriorly but Soc. Amer., Bull. , part 1, v. 91, p. 587-592. growth eventually began around some SQUIRES, R.L., 1990, First occurrence of the foreign object, like turtle grass, and re­ Tethyan bivalve Nayadina (E.rp1ltens) in sulted in the pincher-shaped anterior end. Mexico, and c:i review of all species of this Posteriorly from the beak, the shell curved North American subgenus: Veliger, v. 33 , ventrally upward and outward. no. 3, p. 305-316, figs. 1-60. Although UF 66044 differs from any SQUIRES, R.L. , 1992, New occurrences of the known species of Exputens in regards to its malleid bivC11ve Nayadina (E.rp1ltens) fro m large size and distinctive curved shape, we the Eocene of Jamaica, Mexico, and Wash­ ington: Veliger, v. 35, no. 2, p. 133-136, fig s. are reluctant to name a new species based 1-10. on a single specimen of a bivalve that is SQUIRES, R.L. , and J.L. GOEDERT, in press, well known for considerable morphologic Macropaleontology of the Eocene Crescent variation. More specimens are needed to Formation in the Little River area, southern define fully this malleid from the Santee Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Nat. Hist. Limestone. Mus. Los Angeles Co., Contrib. Sci. Specimen UF 66044 and those speci­ WARD, L.W., B.W. BLACKWELDER, G.S. mens referred to as Nayadina (Exputens) GOHN, and R.Z. POORE, 1979, Strati­ sp. by D. Campbell (this volume) represent graphic revision of' Eocene, Oligocene and the earliest records of Exputens in the lower Miocene formations of South Carolina: South Carolina Geo!. Notes, v. 23 , p. 1-31. southeastern United States and the first re­ port of this subgenus in South Carolina. January 31, 1995 PLATE 1 Figures 1-3. Nayadina (Exputens) sp., right valve, length 20.5 cm, height 11.5 cm, UF 66044, from Santee Limestone (Middle Eocene), Martin Marietta Berkeley Quarry, Berkeley County, South Carolina. 1. Exterior, X 0.6. 2. Interior, X 0.6. 3. Close-up of hinge-line interior, X 1. Nos. 1-4 South Carolina Eocene Nayadina 181 . " ' ·~ 1 I I 2 PLATE 1 182 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 27 (continued from p. 178) CANIS, W.F. and V.A. ZULLO, 1986, New barnacle records from the Upper Cretaceous of Alabama: Jour. Paleontology, v. 60, no. 1, p. 186-189. ZULLO, V. A. , 1986, Quaternary barnacles of the Galapagos Islands: California Acad. Sci., Proc., (ser. 4) v. 44, no. 5, p. 55-66. ZULLO, V. A. , 1986, Barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from the Pliocene in South Caroli­ na, with a key to Pliocene balanoids of the eastern United States: South Carolina Geol. , v. 29, no. 2, p. 1-18. ZULLO, V.A. , and W.B. HARRIS, 1986, Introduction: Sequence stratigraphy, lithostrati­ graphy, and biostratigraphy of North Carolina Eocene carbonates, in W.B. HARRIS, V.A. ZULLO, and L.J. OTTE, eds., Eocene carbonate facies of the North Carolina Coastal Plan, in D.A. TEXTORS, ed., Field Trip Guidebooks, Third Ann. Mid-year Meet., Southeastern U.S., Soc. Econ. Paleont. Min., Raleigh, North Carolina, Field trip no. 8, p. 257-263. THAYER, P.A., W.B. HARRIS, and V.A. ZULLO, 1986, Bentonite from the Eocene Cas­ tle Hayne Limestone: ibid. , p. 307-310. HARRIS, W.B., V.A. ZULLO, and L.J. OTTE, 1986, Road log and description of field trip stops: ibid., p. 311-324. ZULLO, V.A. , and R. T. PERREAULT, 1986, Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Eo­ cene barnacles (Cirripedia) from Montgomery Landing, central Louisiana, in J.A. SCHIEBOUT and W. VAN DEN BOLD, eds., Montgomery Landing site, marine Eo­ cene (Jackson) of central Louisiana, Proceedings of a Symposium: 1986 Ann. Meet. , Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana, p. 231-238. ZULLO, V.A. , and W. MILLER III, 1986, Barnacles (Cirripedia, Balanidae) from the lower Pleistocene James City Formation, North Carolina Coastal Plain, with the de­ scription of a new species of Balanus da Costa: Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc., v. 99, no. 4, p. 717-730. STELLE, K.B., V.A. ZULLO, and R.H. WILLOUGHBY, 1986, Recognition of the Eo­ cene (Jacksonian) Dry Branch Formation at Ussery's Bluff, Allendale County, South Carolina: South Carolina Geol., v. 30, no. 2, p. 71-78. ZULLO, V.A., 1986, Revised key to the nominate Pliocene balanoid barnacles: South Carolina Geol., v. 30, no. 2, p. 79-80. ZULLO, V.A. , E.E. RUSSELL, and F.F. MELLEN, 1987, Brachylepas Woodward and Virgiscalpellum Withers from the Upper Cretaceous of Arkansas: Jour. Paleontology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 101-111. ZULLO, V.A., 1987, Scalpelloid brachylepadomorph barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from the Upper Cretaceous Mt. Laural Sand, Delaware: Jour. Paleontology, v. 61, no. 2, p. 333-345.
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