The Piast Dynasty Between the Empire and the States of Central and Eastern Europe

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The Piast Dynasty Between the Empire and the States of Central and Eastern Europe The Piast dynasty between the Empire and the states of Central and Eastern Europe The Piast dynasty between the Empire and the states of Central and Eastern Europe Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Bibliografia: Piotr z Dusburga, Kronika ziemi pruskiej, [w:] , Monumenta Poloniae historica, t. 13, red. Jarosław Wenta, Sławomir Wyszomirski, wybór , Kraków 2007. Teksty źródłowe do ćwiczeń z historii Polski średniowiecznej, red. Leokadia Matusik, Wrocław 1972, s. 88–89. The Piast dynasty between the Empire and the states of Central and Eastern Europe Renaissance relief of Silesian Piasts in the portal of the entrance gate of the Silesian Piasts Castle in Brzeg Source: Andrzej Otrębski, 2016, licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0. Link to the lesson You will learn how Bolesław III Wrymouth divided his country; what were the rules of the seniorate and the principate; what were the causes of the fall and fragmentation of the Piasts' monarchy; what were the attempts to rebuild the Piast monarchy; why this time is called the period of fragmentation. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu When dying in 1138, Bolesław Wrymouth divided the power and territory of the country among his sons to avoid any conflicts between them. As the first successor (Princeps) he appointed the eldest of his sons, Vladislaus II, later called the Exile. His reign, however, didn’t last long. He quickly came into conflict with younger brothers and because of his ruthless behavior he had to flee the country in 1146. Despite the support of King Conrad III of Germany, he never regained power. Following the rules of Bolesław Wrymouth’s last will, the oldest son, Bolesław IV the Curly, became the next Senior. He was in charge of Bolesław III Wrymouth the foreign policy of the Piasts, but despite Source: Jan Matejko, Poczet królów i książąt polskich, domena publiczna. his titular authority over the brothers, he failed to control their lands. The following disintegration and fragmentation of lands connected with the growing number of male descendants of Bolesław Wrymouth (sons, grandchildren, etc.) had devastating consequences for the Piast monarchy. Finally, from the mid‐12th century, the Piasts as a political community became deeply divided and were unable to conduct a common foreign policy. The so‐called period of fragmentation to provinces caused the Piast monarchy to fall into many independent principalities, and the new conflicts continually eroded and weakened the rule of the principate, strengthening the individual princes and their magnates. In the first decades of the 13th century, several princes fought for supreme power over the country. Finally, the grandson of Vladislaus II the Exile, Henry the Bearded, took the lead. He managed to take over the hereditary Silesia, part of Greater Poland and Lesser Poland. However, the opportunity to unify the country under the leadership of the Silesian Piasts was terminated by the Mongol invasion (and the death of Henry II the Pious on the battlefield) in 1241. The lands united by Henry the Bearded fell apart again. Eventually, in the 13th century, the power in the country was dispersed, and the exercise of power over Krakow ceased to play a decisive role. In 1226, at the invitation of the Duke of Mazovia, Konrad, the Teutonic Knightscame to the Polish lands (the knights of the Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem). They received from him, as a fief, the Chełmno Land, on the border of his district and Prussia and the task of Christianization of these areas. Their mission proved effective quite quickly, as in the second half of the 13th century they occupied most of the pagan areas of Prussia, becoming an important factor in the local balance of power. The activity of the Teutonic Knights in many ways had positive sides for the Piasts. First, it weakened the invasions of neighboring Prussians and Lithuanian Yotvingians (through the conquest and Christianization of Prussia and expansion into the Lithuanian lands) and brought elements of Western European knights' culture. On the other hand, the presence of religious knights in these areas showed the political and military weakness of the Piast princes. With their domain expanding, they began to pose a threat to the Polish lands. Task 1 Look at the interacve illustraon and learn more about the division of Bolesław Wrymouth’s monarchy. Exercise 1 The privilege given by Prince Konrad to the Teutonic Knights in 1226 was decisive for the future of Poland. For a moment, forget about what happened later and carefully read the content of this document. Dokument wydany przez Konrada Mazowieckiego “ dla Krzyżaków W imię świętej i niepodzielnej Trójcy. Ja Konrad, z Bożego miłosierdzia książę Mazowsza i Kujaw (….) podaję do wiadomości, że z uwagi na nagrodę niebieską i zbawienie duszy mojej oraz dla obrony wiernych, za zgodą Agafii, żony mojej, i synów mych Bolesława, Kazimierza, Ziemowita i Ziemomysła, nadałem Marii św. i braciom Zakonu Niemieckiego całe terytorium chełmińskie niepodzielnie ze wszystkimi przynależnościami od tego miejsca, gdzie Drwęca opuszcza granice Prus, wzdłuż rzeki aż do Wisły, a Wisłą aż do Ossy i biegiem Ossy aż do granic Prus, na wieczyste posiadanie z całym pożytkiem i wszelką wolnością (…) obiecałem też, że gdyby ktokolwiek pomienionym braciom czynił przeszkody w posiadaniu tej ziemi , to ja z całą mą potęgą będę ich bronił. Owi zaś bracia przyrzekli też mnie i wszystkim moim dziedzicom, że z całą wiernością wraz z nami walczyć będą każdego czasu stosownie do woli Bożej i wedle swej możności przeciw wrogom Chrystusa i naszym, mianowicie przeciw wszystkim poganom, (a czynić to będą) bez jakiegokolwiek podstępu lub fałszu, nawet gdyby tylko jeden z nich pozostał przy życiu. Świadkami tego nadania i przyrzeczeń są Michał, biskup kujawski, Chrysan, biskup Prus, Pakosław starszy, komes Dzierżykraj (…) Działo się roku pańskiego 1230. Ja, Gunter, biskup mazowiecki podpisuję. Source: Dokument wydany przez Konrada Mazowieckiego dla Krzyżaków, [w:] Historia 1. Teksty źródłowe, red. Olszaniec Sz., Dumasowski J. Matusik, Gdynia 2005, s. 91. Complete the sentence by selecng the correct answer. Prince Konrad gave the Teutonic Knights ... the Chełmno land and all the areas they conquered. only the Chełmno land. the Chełmno land and the entire Kuyavia. Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Among the following sentences, choose the true ones. True False Bolesław Wrymouth was □ □ the last king of Poland before the fragmentaon. The last will of Bolesław □ □ Wrymouth divided the country into five provinces. Casimir II the Just, the □ □ youngest son of Bolesław Wrymouth, did not receive his own province because he was born out of wedlock. According to the □ □ provisions of Bolesław Wrymouth's succession, the exercise of power was to be based on the rules of the principate and the seniorate. The first princeps was □ □ Bolesław the Curly. The rules of the principate □ □ and the seniorate were honored throughout the whole period of fragmentaon. The closest to the □ □ unificaon of the Piast lands in the 13th century were Henry the Bearded and his son Henry the Pious. Henry the Pious was killed □ □ during the invasion of Mongolian troops in the bale of Legnica in 1241. Konrad I of Mazovia □ □ brought the Teutonic Order to Pomerania in 1266. The period of so-called □ □ fragmentaon caused the Piast monarchy to disintegrate into many independent principalies, which were in conflict with each other most of the me. Keywords Last will, succession, Provinces, civil war, Prussia, Teutonic Knights Glossary Last will Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Last will Testament – dokument, akt prawny, w którym spadkobierca rozporządza swoim majątkiem na wypadek swojej śmierci. Succession Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Succession Sukcesja – zasada przekazywania, dziedziczenia władzy monarszej następcy w przypadku śmierci, abdykacji lub innych okolicznościach. Provinces Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Provinces Dzielnica – część Polski we władaniu księcia, która powstała po podziale kraju dokonanym przez króla Bolesława Krzywoustego. Seniorate Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Seniorate Seniorat – zasada ustanowiona testamentem Bolesława Krzywoustego na mocy której władza w państwie miała należeć do najstarszego z Piastów (seniora). A po jego śmierci każdorazowo do kolejnego najstarszego męskiego przedstawiciela rodu. Senior miał prawo wypowiadania wojen, mianowania dostojników kościelnych i świeckich oraz reprezentowania państwa poza jego granicami. Dzielnica seniora zawsze pozostawała nienaruszona, natomiast dzielnice dziedziczne mogły podlegać kolejnym podziałom. Princeps Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Princeps Princeps – dosłownie ten, który jest pierwszy, w średniowiecznej Polsce tytuł, który przysługiwał księciu zwierzchniemu, seniorowi, który sprawował władzę nad pozostałymi książętami. Zasada pryncypatu została wprowadzona postanowieniami testamentu Bolesława Krzywoustego w 1138 r. Civil war Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Civil war Wojna domowa – konflikt zbrojny między obywatelami jednego państwa lub członkami jednej grupy/plemienia. Prussia Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Prussia Prusowie – pogańskie ludy zamieszkujące w średniowieczu wybrzeże Bałtyku na wschód od Wisły. Order Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Order Zakon –
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