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Tektronix: Video Test > Video Glossary Part 2

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Tektronix: Video Test > Video Glossary Part 2 Video Terms and Acronyms Glossary E E Mem – Term used for a panel memory system. Echo (or Reflection) – a) A wave which has been reflected at one or E1 – European digital transmission channel with a data rate of 2.048 kbps. more points in the transmission medium, with sufficient magnitude and time difference to be perceived in some manner as a wave distinct from EACEM – European Association of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers that of the main or primary transmission. Echoes may be either leading EAPROM (Electrically Alterable Programmable Read-Only Memo) – or lagging the primary wave and appear in the picture monitor as A PROM whose contents can be changed. reflections or “ghosts”. b) Action of sending a character input from a Earth Station – Equipment used for transmitting or receiving satellite keyboard to the printer or display. communications. Echo Cancellation – Reduction of an echo in an audio system by EAV (End of Active Video) – A term used with component digital estimating the incoming echo signal over a communications connection systems. and subtracting its effects from the outgoing signal. EB (Errored Block) Echo Plate – A metal plate used to create reverberation by inducing waves in it by bending the metal. EBR – See Electron Beam Recording. E-Cinema – An HDTV film-complement format introduced by Sony in EBU (European Broadcasting Union) – An organization of European 1998. 1920 x 1080, progressive scan, 24 fps, 4:4:4 resolution. Using a broadcasters that, among other activities, produces technical statements 1/2-inch tape, the small cassette (camcorder) will hold 50 minutes while and recommendations for the 625/50 line televi-sion system. Created in the large cassette will hold 156 minutes. E-Cinema’s camcorder will use 1950 and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the EBU is the world’s three 2/3-inch FIT CCDs and is equivalent to a film sensitivity of ISO 500. largest professional association of national broadcasters. The EBU assists The format will compress the electronic signal somewhere in the range its members in all areas of broadcasting, briefing them on developments of 7:1. The format is based on the Sony HDCAM video format. in the audio-visual sector, providing advice and defending their interests via international bodies. The Union has active members in European and ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic) – A variety of bipolar transistor that is Mediterranean countries and associate members in countries elsewhere noted for its extremely fast switching speeds. in Africa, the Americas and Asia. ECM – See Entitlement Control Message. EBU TECH.3267-E – a) The EBU recommendation for the serial composite ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association) – An and component interface of 625/50 digital video signal including embed- international association founded in 1961 that is dedicated to establishing ded digital audio. b) The EBU recommendation for the parallel interface of standards in the information and communications fields. 625 line digital video signal. A revision of the earlier EBU Tech.3246-E, ECMA-262 – An ECMA standard that specifies the core JavaScript which in turn was derived from CCIR-601 and contributed to CCIR-656 language, which is expected to be adopted shortly by the International standards. Standards Organization (ISO) as ISO 16262. ECMA-262 is roughly EBU Timecode – The timecode system created by the EBU and based on equivalent to JavaScript 1.1. SECAM or PAL video signals. ECU (Extreme Closeup) ECC (Error Correction Code) – A type of memory that corrects errors on ED-Beta (Extended Definition Betamax) – A consumer/Professional the fly. videocassette format developed by Sony offering 500-line horizontal ECC Constraint Length – The number of sectors that are interleaved to resolution and Y/C connections. combat bursty error characteristics of discs. 16 sectors are interleaved in Edge – a) An edge is the straight line that connects two points. DVD. Interleaving takes advantage of typical disc defects such as scratch b) Synonym for key border. Used by our competitors but not preferred by marks by spreading the error over a larger data area, thereby increasing Ampex. c) A boundary in an image. The apparent sharpness of edges the chance that the error correction codes can conceal the error. can be increased without increasing resolution. See also Sharpness. ECC/EDC (Error Correction Code/Error Detection Code) – Allows data Edge Busyness – Distortion concentrated at the edge of objects, that is being read or transmitted to be checked for errors and, when nec- characterized by temporally varying sharpness or spatially varying noise. essary, corrected on the fly. It differs from parity-checking in that errors are not only detected but also corrected. ECC is increasingly being designed Edge Curl – Usually occurs on the outside one-sixteenth inch of the into data storage and transmission hardware as data rates (and therefore videotape. If the tape is sufficiently deformed it will not make proper error rates) increase. tape contact with the playback heads. An upper curl (audio edge) crease may affect sound quality. A lower edge curl (control track) may result in Eccentricity – A mathematical constant that for an ellipse is the ratio poor picture quality. between the major and minor axis length. 808080 www.tektronix.com/video_audio Video Terms and Acronyms Glossary Edge Damage – Physical distortion of the top or bottom edge of the mag- Edit Point – The location in a video where a production event occurs. netic tape, usually caused by pack problems such as popped strands or (e.g., dissolve or wipe from one scene to another). stepping. Affects audio and control track sometimes preventing playback. Edit Rate – In compositions, a measure of the number of editable units Edge Effect – See Following Whites or Following Blacks. per second in a piece of media data (for example, 30 fps for NTSC, 25 fps Edge Enhancement – Creating hard, crisp, high-contrast edges beyond for PAL and 24 fps for film). the correction of the geometric problem compensated by aperture correc- Edit Sequence – An assembly of clips. tion, frequently creates the subjective impression of increase image detail. Editing – A process by which one or more compressed bit streams are Transversal delay lines and second-directive types of correction increase manipulated to produce a new compressed bit stream. Conforming edited the gain at higher frequencies while introducing rather symmetrical “under- bit streams are understood to meet the requirements defined in the Digital shoot followed by overshoot” at transitions. In fact, and contrary to many Television Standard. causal observations, image resolution is thereby decreased and fine detail becomes obscured. Creating a balance between the advantages and disad- Editing Control Unit (ECU) – A microprocessor that controls two or more vantages is a subjective evaluation and demands an artistic decision. video decks or VCRs and facilitates frame-accurate editing. Edge Enhancing – See Enhancing. Editor – A control system (usually computerized) which allows you to con- trol video tape machines, the video switcher, and other devices remotely Edge Filter – A filter that applies anti-aliasing to graphics created to the from a single control panel. Editors enable you to produce finished video title tool. programs which combine video tape or effects from several different Edge Numbers – Numbers printed on the edge of 16 and 35 mm motion sources. picture film every foot which allows frames to be easily identified in an EDL (Edit Decision List) – A list of edit decisions made during an edit edit list. session and usually saved to floppy disk. Allows an edit to be redone or Edgecode – See Edge Numbers, Key Numbers. modified at a later time without having to start all over again. EDH (Error Detection and Handling) – Defined by SMPTE standards EDO DRAM (Extended Data Out Dynamic Random Access Memory) – RP-165 and is used for recognizing inaccuracies in the serial digital signal. EDO DRAM allows read data to be held past the rising edge of CAS It may be incorporated into serial digital equipment and employ a simple (Column Address Strobe) improving the fast page mode cycle time critical LED error indicator. This data conforms to the ancillary data formatting to graphics performance and bandwidth. EDO DRAM is less expensive standard (SMPTE 291M) for SD-SDI and is located on line 9 for 525 and than VRAM. line 5 for 625 formats. EDTV – See Extended/Enhanced Definition Television. Edit – a) The act of performing a function such as a cut, dissolve, wipe on E-E Mode (Electronic to Electronic Mode) – The mode obtained when a switcher, or a cut from VTR to VTR where the end result is recorded on the VTR is set to record but the tape is not running. The VTR is processing another VTR. The result is an edited recording called a master. b) Any point all the signals that it would normally use during recording and playback on a video tape where the audio or video information has been added to, but without actually recording on the tape. replaced, or otherwise altered from its original form. EEprom E2, E’squared Prom – An electronically-erasable, programmable Edit Control – A connection on a VCR or camcorder which allows direct read-only memory device. Data can be stored in memory and will remain communication with external edit control devices. (e.g., LANC (Control-L) there even after power is removed from the device. The memory can be and new (Panasonic) 5-pin). Thumbs Up works with both of these control erased electronically so that new data can be stored. formats and with machines lacking direct control. Effect – a) One or more manipulations of the video image to produce a Edit Controller – An electronic device, often computer-based, that allows desired result. b) Multi-source transition, such as a wipe, dissolve or key. an editor to precisely control, play and record to various videotape machines.
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