9 Plants for a Food Forest Key: P = perennial B = biennial SSA = self-seeding annual F = fruit S = seed N = nut R = root = should be steamed ** = should be cooked Plant Jobs M= Mulch NuAc = Nutrient Accumulators NF = nitrogen fixer NemaR= Nematode Repellant IP=Insectary Plant FP= Fortress Plant SR=Spike Roots Soilbusters WildN=Wildlife Nurturer Z = hardiness zone, example: Z5 = hardy to zone 5

1. Tall Canopy- generally nut Beech Fagus grandifolia Nuts Green tea -- Camellia sinensis (P,Z8) Black Locust -- Robinia pseudoacacia (N,Z3) NF Himalayan Honeysuckle , Chocolate Berry, Leycesteria Black Walnut -- Juglans nigra (N,Z4) nut formosa Chestnut species Castanea ssp. (N,Z4-5) Huckleberry Heartnut -- Juglans ailanthifolia c. (N,Z4) nut Lupine NF Monkey Puzzle -- Araucaria araucana (S,Z8) Mountain Mahogany NF Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata Nuts Maximillian Sunflower FP Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Syrup Nanking Cherry White Oak Quercus alba Nuts Native Rose WildN Walnut -- Juglans regia (N,Z5) nut T Raspberry -- Rubus idaeus (F,Z3) Rose Rosa Rugosa spp. Medicinal, flowers, hips 2. Understory Trees –smaller fruit, nut trees Russian Olive NF Alder NF Serviceberry Amelanchor spp California bayberry NF Siberian pea shrub NF Almond Prunus dulcis (N,Z3) Sunflower IP American Persimmon Diospyros virginiana (F,Z5) Thimbleberry Fruit Persimmon -- Diospyros kaki (F,Z8 4. Herbaceous Layer Apple Malus pumila Fruit, flowers (F,Z5) Comfrey Symphytum uplandicum NuAc, M, FP, SR Apricot Prunus armeniaca (F,Z4) Rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum M Autumn olive -- Elaeagnus umbellata (F,M, NF,Z3) Chickweed NuAc Black Elderberry -- Sambucus nigra (F,Z5) WN African marigold Tagetes erecta NemaR Cherry Prunus spp. Fruit, flowers French Marigold Tagetes patula “Single Gold” NemaR Chinese Dogwood -- Cornus kuosa (F,Z5) WildN French Marigold “Nema-gone” NEmaR Sochi Green Tea Camellia sinensis Z8 Clover Nu,Ac, NF, M, IP Cornelian Cherry Cornus mas Fruit (F,Z5) Vetch M Crabapple Malus spp. Fruit, flowers Artichoke P M SR Fig -- Ficus carica (F,Z7) Asparagus -- Asparagus officinalis (P,Z4) Persimmon Diospyros kaki Hardy Orange** -- Poncirus trifoliata (F,Z5) Medicinals Chokeberry WildN Alfalfa NuAc, SR Wild cherriy WildN Wormwood Hazelnut,,Filbert Corylus spp. Nuts (N,Z4) Valerian Japanese Quince -- Chaenomeles speciosa (F,Z5) Lavendar IP Jujube -- Ziziphus ziziphus (F,Z5) Yarrow NuAc, IP Kentucky Coffee Tree Gymnocladus dioica N-fixer Yellow Dock NuAc Medlar -- Mespilus germanica (F,Z6) Paw Paw Asimina triloba Fruit, flowers, medicinal Spices (F,Z6) Dill Anethum graveolens IP Peach -- Prunus persica (F,Z6) Coriander IP Pear Pyrus communis Fruit, flowers Fennel Foeniculum vulgare IP Plum Prunus domestica Fruit, flowers Licorice NF Serviceberry -- Amelanchier spp. (F,Z4) Lemon Grass FP Witch Hazel Hamamelis virginiana Medicinal, flowers Hawthorn WildN Herbal Teas Peppermint -- Mentha piperita (P,Z3) 3. Shrub Layer - generally small fruits Mint Mentha spp. Edible Autumn olive NF Anise Hyssop -- Agastache foeniculum (P) Blackberry Rubus occidentalis Fruit, flowers Lemon balm Melissa officinalis Tea Blueberry -- Vaccinium corymbosom (F,Z2) WildN Mint IP Buffaloberry NF Korean Mint -- Agastache rugosa (P) Cattails All parts are edible, NuAc Bee Balm -- Monarda didyma (P,Z4) IP Ceanothus NF, WildN Rose hips -- Rosa rogusa (P,Z2) Chilean Teaberries Chamomile Chamaemelum nobile Tea, flowers NuAc Currant Ribes sativum Fruit Chicory SR Elderberry Sambucas nigra Fruit, flowers Stinging Nettle Urtica dioica Edible, mulch False indigo Baptisia australis N-fixer Horsetail NuAc Gooseberry Ribes uva-crispa Fruit Oats NuAc, NF Goumi -- Elaegnus multiflora (F,Z6) NF 10

Salad and Greens Arugula Eruca vesicaria Edible Seasonal Roots Buckwheat Potato -- Solanum tuberosum (P, Z7?) Kale Brassica oleracea (B) Sweet Potatoes Carrots NuAc, IP Yams Dandelion -- Taraxacum officinale (P,Z5) NuAc,SR Lettuce Latuca sativa Edible Lovage Levisticum officinale Edible New Zealand Spinach Tetragonia expansa Edible 6. Ground Covers Parsley Petroselinum crispum Edible Strawberry Fragaria spp. Fruit, flowers Salad burnet Sanguisorba minor Edible Nasturtium Tropaeolum minus Edible lowers Sorrel Rumex scutatus Edible Violet Viola spp. Edible flowers Spinach Spinacea oleracea Edible Cornsalad Valerianella locusta Edible Edible Shoots Musk Mallow -- Malva moschata (P,Z3) Asparagus -- Asparagus officinalis (P,Z4) High Mallow -- Malva sylvestris (P,Z5) Aralia -- Aralia spinosa (P,Z5,*) Perennial Arugula -- Diplotaxis erucoides (P) Aralia -- Aralia chinensis (P,*) Good King Henry -- Chenopodium bonus-henricus Aralia -- Aralia elata (P,Z4,*) (P,Z5,*) Udo -- Aralia cordifolia (P,*) Salad Burnett -- Sanguisorba minor (P,Z5) Chicory -- Cichorium intybus (B,3) Earth Chestnut -- Bunium bulbocastanum (P,Z5) Edible Flowers Miner's Lettuce -- Claytonia perfoliata (SSA) Daylily -- Hemerocallis fulva (P,Z4) Corn Salad -- Valerianella locusta (SSA,Z5) Dianthus spp.(P,Z4) Parsley -- Petroselinum crispum (B) Balloon flower -- Platycodon (P,Z4) Bellflower -- Campanula glomerata (P,Z2) \Fennel -- Foeniculum vulgare (P,Z5) 7. Climbers and Vines Japanese Forest Parsley -- Cryptotaeniajaponica Wisteria NF (P,Z5) Scarlet Runner Beans NF Nasturtium M Cinammon Vine Mustard M NuAc, SR Passion fruits Passiflora spp Lamb’squarter NuAc Scarlet Runner Bean Phaseolus coccineus Borage NuAc Edible, N-fixer, flowers Frye Grass NuAc Seasonal squashes, cucumbers and melon

5. Roots and Bulbs Perennial Vines Grape Vitis vinifera Fruit Perennial Roots Hardy Kiwi -- Actinidia arguta (F,Z4) Edible Canna Canna edulise Akebia -- Akebia quinata (F,Z5) Salsify Hops Humulus lupulus MedicinalMashua Parsnip -- Pastinaca sativa (B,Z5) Tuberous Mountain Yam -- Dioscorea Horseradish batatas (R,F,Z4) Shallots and Garlic Nasturtium Tropaeolum tuberosum R,Z8) Burdock Schizandra -- Schizandra spp. (F,Z4) Daikonj Radish SR Wisteria Wisteria floribunda N-fixer, flowers Jerusalem Artichoke tuberosus (P,Z4) FP Skirret -- Sium Sisarum (P,Z6) Gobo -- Arctium Lappa (B,Z3) Groundnut -- Apios Americana (P,Z3)

Bulbs Chives Allium schoenoprasum Edible Garlic -- Allium sativum (P,Z5) Onion Allium cepa IP Welsh Onion -- Allium fistulosum (P,Z6) Peruvian tubers Ahipa Pachyrhizus ahipa Arracacha Arracacia xanthorrhiza Oca Oxalis tuberosatuberosa Cathe’ Fish, Permaculture Designer and Ulluco Ullucustuberosustuberosus Mauka or Chago Mirabilis expansa Teacher since 1988 Maca Lepidium meyenii Practical Permaculture Yacun Smallanthus sonchifolius www.practicalpermaculture.com 530-478-1852