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Dissertação Eder Nicolau.Pdf 0 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE INSTITUTO DE LETRAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS DE LINGUAGEM EDER NICOLAU ALVES VENANCIO INSTANCIAÇÕES DA MICROCONSTRUÇÃO INTENSIFICADORA “PARA LÁ DE X” NO PORTUGUÊS CONTEMPORÂNEO NITERÓI 2015 1 EDER NICOLAU ALVES VENANCIO INSTANCIAÇÕES DA MICROCONSTRUÇÃO INTENSIFICADORA “PARA LÁ DE X” NO PORTUGUÊS CONTEMPORÂNEO Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Pós- Graduação em Estudos de Linguagem da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Mestre. Área de concentração: Linguística. Linha de pesquisa: Teoria Linguística. ORIETANDORA: Profa. Dra. MARIANGELA RIOS DE OLIVEIRA NITERÓI 2015 2 3 INSTANCIAÇÕES DA MICROCONSTRUÇÃO “PARA LÁ DE X” NO PORTUGUÊS CONTEMPORÂNEO Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Pós- Graduação em Estudos de Linguagem da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Mestre. Área de concentração: Linguística. Linha de pesquisa: Teoria Linguística. BANCA EXAMINADORA ______________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. MARIANGELA RIOS DE OLIVEIRA – Orientadora Universidade Federal Fluminense ______________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. IVO DA COSTA DO ROSÁRIO Universidade Federal Fluminense ______________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. GERSON RODRIGUES DA SILVA Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ______________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. SOLANGE COELHO VEREZA Universidade Federal Fluminense (Suplente) ______________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. ROBERTO FREITAS JÚNIOR Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Suplente) 4 Ao grupo de pesquisa D&G - UFF. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, por tudo. À minha mãe, Elisabete Nicolau Alves, pelo carinho e apoio em todos os momentos. À professora e orientadora Mariangela Rios de Oliveira, por transmitir sua imensa sabedoria em suas aulas para lá de maravilhosas, pelo apoio e cooperação com minha pesquisa, pela infinita paciência e por sempre acreditar em meu potencial e capacidade. Ao professor Ivo da Costa do Rosário, pelo incentivo, pela simpatia e pelas sábias orientações em suas aulas dignas de um exemplo de profissional a ser seguido por todos. Ao professor Gerson Rodrigues da Silva, pelas valiosas contribuições na fase da qualificação, que foram muito importantes para o aprimoramento deste trabalho. A todos os colegas do D&G UFF, em especial à Rossana Alves Rocha, pelo companheirismo e pela generosidade. Aos meus amigos e parceiros Jocineia Andrade Ramos, Tharlles Lopes Gervasio, Jovana Maurício Acosta, Letícia Vieira da Conceição, Victor Ramos da Silva e Nathalia Guimarães Silva Rodrigues Pires, por todos os preciosos momentos de estudo, de trabalho e de diversão. Às minhas amigas Thatiane Machado da Silva (in memoriam), Sumar Machado da Silva e Solange Ribeiro Machado Barbosa, pelas orações e pelo apoio no início da pós-graduação. À minha querida e eterna professora Ana Lúcia de Oliveira Cruz Rimes, pelo incentivo e por me introduzir ao mundo do Funcionalismo Linguístico. À minha amiga e diretora, Alcemira da Fonseca Silva, pelo apoio e pelo auxílio em todos os momentos difíceis. 6 RESUMO Pesquisa da microconstrução “para lá de X”, que atua como membro da categoria dos intensificadores no português contemporâneo. Locativo “lá” e as preposições “para” e “de” juntam-se e passam a funcionar como advérbio graduador e, em arranjo indissolúvel com “X”, apresentam-se como microconstrução gramatical intensificadora. Microconstrução é uma unidade específica que pareia forma e sentido e é convencionalizada à medida que é compartilhada entre os usuários da língua. Como resultado, a partir disso, tem-se que “para lá de X” atua como microconstrução, uma vez que suas partes formam arranjo com sentido e função intensificadora e seu uso é detectado em contextos reais da língua em uso. “Para lá de X” apresenta-se como padrão recorrente na língua em contextos nos quais “X” instancia-se em um SN com valor locativo, temporal, quantificador e predicativo ou em um advérbio qualificador. Como base teórica, utilizam-se, dentre outros, Traugott e Trousdale (2013). Palavras-chave: microconstrução gramatical; língua em uso; morfossintaxe. 7 ABSTRACT Research of micro construction “para lá de X”, which acts as a member of the category of the intensifiers in contemporary Portuguese. Locative “lá” (there) and the prepositions “para” (to) and “de” (of) join and get work as a grader adverb and, in an indissoluble arrangement with “X”. It presents itself as intensifying grammatical micro construction. Micro construction is a specific unit which pairs form and meaning and it is conventionalized as it is shared by the language users. As result, from that, we have “para lá de X” acting as a micro construction, since its parts form an arrangement with form and meaning of intensifier and its usage is detected in real contexts of language in use. “Para lá de X” presents a recurrent pattern in contexts in which “X” instance in an SN (NP) with locative value, temporal, quantifier and predicative or in an qualifier adverb. As theoretical support, we use, mainly, Traugott and Trousdale (2013). Key-Words: grammatical micro construction; language in use; morphosyntax 8 LISTA DE ESQUEMAS, QUADROS, GRÁFICOS E TABELAS Esquema 1 – Modelo de estrutura simbólica da construção ..................................... 23 Esquema 2 – Modelo básico de representação de construções ............................... 23 Esquema 3 – Rede de similaridades entrelaçadas ................................................... 35 Esquema 4 – Modificar tomando adjetivo como argumento ...................................... 44 Esquema 5 – Instanciações de “X” em “para lá de X” ............................................... 56 Esquema 6 – Relação de escopo em “para lá de X” locativo (A) .............................. 69 Esquema 7 – Relação de escopo em “para lá de X” locativo (B) .............................. 70 Esquema 8 – Relação de escopo em “para lá de X” locativo (C) .............................. 71 Esquema 9 – Marcação de temporalidade em (49) ................................................... 76 Esquema 10 – “Para lá de X(adj)” como elemento formador de SN .................................... 89 Esquema 11 – “Para lá de X(adj)” como elemento formador de SAdj ................................ 90 Esquema 12 – Cline dos níveis de gramaticalidade de “para lá de X” ......................... 101 Quadro 1 – Níveis de esquematicidade .................................................................... 26 Quadro 2 – Definições gerais para advérbios .......................................................... 40 Quadro 3 – Advérbios predicativos .......................................................................... 43 Quadro 4 – Comparação entre “muito” e “para lá de” em “para lá de X(adj)”.............. 46 Quadro 5 – Modelo de quadro para organização do corpus .................................... 52 Gráfico 1 – Gêneros textuais no corpus ................................................................... 51 Gráfico 2 – “Para lá de X(adj)” no corpus ................................................................... 59 Gráfico 3 – Grau de informalidade em “para lá de X” ............................................... 60 Gráfico 4 – Tipologias textuais com “para lá de X” ................................................... 60 Tabela 1 – Total de textos com ocorrências de “para lá de X” no corpus ................ 49 Tabela 2 – Postagens em blogs do corpus .............................................................. 51 Tabela 3 – Frequência dos níveis de gramaticalidade em “para lá de X” ................. 58 Tabela 4 – Frequência de “para lá de X” em tipologias textuais ............................... 61 9 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................... 11 1. FUNDAMENTAÇÃO TEÓRICA ............................................................................ 15 1.1. Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso ................................................... 15 1.1.1. Gramaticalização e construcionalização .................................... 17 1.1.1.1. Construção e microconstrução .................................... 21 1.1.1.2. Motivações para a construcionalização gramatical ...... 30 1.1.2. Categorização e prototipicalidade .............................................. 34 2. REVISÃO DA LITERATURA ................................................................................ 37 2.1. Intensificação .......................................................................................... 37 2.2.1. Advérbios ................................................................................... 39 2.2.2.1. Advérbios de intensidade .............................................. 44 3. METODOLOGIA ................................................................................................... 48 3.1. Procedimentos de seleção ...................................................................... 48 3.2. Caracterização do corpus ........................................................................ 50 3.3. Procedimentos de análise ....................................................................... 53 4. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS ....................................................................................... 56 4.1. Para lá de X(subst) – mais referencial ........................................................ 62 4.1.1.
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