EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon Companion of the earth
source: own photo
source: own photo
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
closest object in outer space
visible with the naked eye
affects us more than any other celestial body
appropriate object to start our conquest into outer space
source: own photo
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
• Some facts • Tides • Eclipses • Origin • Surface • Influence on man
source: own photo
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts
Diameter 3 476 km Distance to earth 384 400 km Mass 7.349∙1022 kg Rotation time 27.32 d (sidereal), 29.53 d (synodic), synchronous Atmosphere no (traces of helium)
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts
Remember the facts?
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts
Diameter 3 476 km ≈ ¼ diameter of earth
source: Wikipedia
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts
Distance 384 400 km ≈ 30 x diameter of earth
source: J.D. Fix
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts 4 푉 = 휋 ∙ 푟3 Mass 7.349∙1022 kg 3 푚 ∙ 푀 푚 푔 𝑔 Earth: 휌 ≈ 5.52 퐹퐺푟 = 퐺 ∙ 2 휌 = ≈ 3.34 푐푚3 푟 푉 푐푚3 3 −11 푚 퐺 = 6.674 ∙ 10 2 푁 푘푔 ∙ 푠 퐹퐺푟 푁 Earth: g ≈ 9.81 푔 = ≈ 1.62 푘𝑔 푚 푘푔
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts
Mass 7.349∙1022 kg
퐹 푁 푔 = 퐺푟 ≈ 1.62 푚 푘푔
source: NASA Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts
Rotation time 1 month
27.32 d (sidereal) 29.53 d (synodic)
source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts Moon phases
Rotation time
29.53 d (synodic)
source: Wikipedia
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts
Rotation synchronous synchronous
Only one face visible from earth
source: J.D. Fix source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts
Rotation synchronous
Earth remains at the same spot. source: J.D. Fix source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach source: NASA Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Some facts
No atmosphere
No life on moon
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach source: NASA Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
The Tides
Bay of Fundy, Canada
up to 16 m
source: http://www.twitrer.com/gezeiten-an-der-bay-of-fundy/
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
The Tides
Unique habitat
source: own photo
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
The Tides
Gravitational force of the moon
Two times high tide a day
source: Wikipedia.org
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
The Tides
Earth and moon are rotating around axis through the common center of mass
source: astrodictium.simplex
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Center of mass
퐹1 ∙ 푠1 = 퐹2 ∙ 푠2 torque 푠1 푠2 퐹2 see-saw
퐹1 source: Wikipedia Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
The Tides
Gravitational and centrifugal forces
Additional influence of the sun lead to spring tides and nip tides
source: J.D. Fix
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
The Tides Consequences
Tidal friction is slowing down the rotation of the earth. 0.0015 sec per century
Tidal friction slowed down rotation of the moon. synchronous rotation
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
The Tides Consequences
When will the moon fall down on the earth? Why?
The moon is moving away from the earth.
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
The Tides Consequences
Angular momentum conservation Momentum of a body associated with its rotation Earth loses angular momentum by friction. L = 푟 ∙ 푚 ∙ 푣
Systems earth-moon gains 퐿 = 푟Ԧ × 푝Ԧ angular momentum.
Distance earth – moon increases.
source: J.D. Fix
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Eclipses Solar Eclipse
source: private March 20 2015
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Eclipses Solar Eclipse
source: J.D. Fix
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Eclipses Solar Eclipse
source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Eclipses Solar Eclipse
source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Eclipses Lunar Eclipse
source: J.D. Fix
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Eclipses
Next eclipses:
July 27 - 28 2018 total lunar eclipse middle and southern europe, africa, asia August 11 2018 partial solar eclipse Scandinavia, Siberia, Canada Dec. 14 2020 total solar eclipse parts of Southern America and Southern Africa Aug. 12 2026 total eclipse Northern Spain
source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Origin
Don‘t know for sure, theories
Similar chemical composition Not identical, smaller density more iron on earth in core (32 %)
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Origin Giant impact theory
A Mars size-body collided with earth 4.5 billion years ago
B Collision vaporized body and part of the earth
source: J.D. Fix
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Origin Giant impact theory
C Part of it jetted away from earth
D Accumulating to form the moon
source: J.D. Fix
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Origin
Moon forming at a distance of 20 000 – 30 000 km from earth
source: J.D. Fix
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Surface Near side far side
source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Surface Eratosthenes, 59 km
Dominant feature: craters Impact of meteorites No erosion
Up to 220 km diameter (Clavius)
Most of surface covered by Regolith Dustlike debris from impacts
source: J.D. Fix
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Influence on man
„I couldn‘t sleep last night, no wonder, we had full moon.“
„That‘s easy to explain, we mainly consist of water, and the moon has influence on water, look at the tides.“
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Influence on man 푚 ∙ 푀 퐹 = 퐺 ∙ 퐺푟 푟2
퐹 푁 푔 = 퐺푟 = 0.000034 푎푑푑 푚 푘푔
푁 푔 = 9.78 − 9.83 푒푎푟푡ℎ 푘푔
푁 Difference per day: ∆푔 ≈ 0.000002 푘푔
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Influence on man
No noticeable effect of gravitation of the moon on man.
Gravitational effect is not connected to moon phases.
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Influence on man
Effect of light??
Maybe?!
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Influence on man
Moon is supposed to be romantic.
Influence in music, literature and fine arts
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Influence on man The moon in music
Claude Debussy Claire de lune L. v. Beethoven Mondscheinsonate Carl Orff Der Mond Edward Elgar In the moonlight Franz Schubert Der Wanderer an den Mond, Mondnacht Jean Sibelius Kuutamolla (in the moonlight)
Many folk songs, popular songs ..
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Influence on man The moon in literature
“The moon shines bright. In such a night as this. When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees and they did make no noise, in such a night...” Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice
Most poets use the subject moon.
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Influence on man The moon in literature
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Influence on man
The moon in fine arts
Caspar David Friedrich
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Influence on man
The moon in fine arts
William Turner
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Invitation to a Voyage through our Solar System to the next stars, through the Milky Way to distant galaxies
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach source: J.D. Fix Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon This is the beginning of a great voyage.
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020
The Moon
Acknowledgement
John D. Fix, Astronomy, Journey to the Cosmic Frontier, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, Paintings by John Lomberg
Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018