EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Companion of the earth source: own photo source: own photo Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon closest object in outer space visible with the naked eye affects us more than any other celestial body appropriate object to start our conquest into outer space source: own photo Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon • Some facts • Tides • Eclipses • Origin • Surface • Influence on man source: own photo Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts Diameter 3 476 km Distance to earth 384 400 km Mass 7.349∙1022 kg Rotation time 27.32 d (sidereal), 29.53 d (synodic), synchronous Atmosphere no (traces of helium) Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts Remember the facts? Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts Diameter 3 476 km ≈ ¼ diameter of earth source: Wikipedia Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts Distance 384 400 km ≈ 30 x diameter of earth source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts 4 푉 = 휋 ∙ 푟3 Mass 7.349∙1022 kg 3 푚 ∙ 푀 푚 푔 Earth: 휌 ≈ 5.52 퐹퐺푟 = 퐺 ∙ 2 휌 = ≈ 3.34 푐푚3 푟 푉 푐푚3 3 −11 푚 퐺 = 6.674 ∙ 10 2 푁 푘푔 ∙ 푠 퐹퐺푟 푁 Earth: g ≈ 9.81 푔 = ≈ 1.62 푘 푚 푘푔 Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts Mass 7.349∙1022 kg 퐹 푁 푔 = 퐺푟 ≈ 1.62 푚 푘푔 source: NASA Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts Rotation time 1 month 27.32 d (sidereal) 29.53 d (synodic) source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts Moon phases Rotation time 29.53 d (synodic) source: Wikipedia Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts Rotation synchronous synchronous Only one face visible from earth source: J.D. Fix source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts Rotation synchronous Earth remains at the same spot. source: J.D. Fix source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach source: NASA Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Some facts No atmosphere No life on moon Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach source: NASA Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon The Tides Bay of Fundy, Canada up to 16 m source: http://www.twitrer.com/gezeiten-an-der-bay-of-fundy/ Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon The Tides Unique habitat source: own photo Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon The Tides Gravitational force of the moon Two times high tide a day source: Wikipedia.org Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon The Tides Earth and moon are rotating around axis through the common center of mass source: astrodictium.simplex Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Center of mass 퐹1 ∙ 푠1 = 퐹2 ∙ 푠2 torque 푠1 푠2 퐹2 see-saw 퐹1 source: Wikipedia Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon The Tides Gravitational and centrifugal forces Additional influence of the sun lead to spring tides and nip tides source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon The Tides Consequences Tidal friction is slowing down the rotation of the earth. 0.0015 sec per century Tidal friction slowed down rotation of the moon. synchronous rotation Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon The Tides Consequences When will the moon fall down on the earth? Why? The moon is moving away from the earth. Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon The Tides Consequences Angular momentum conservation Momentum of a body associated with its rotation Earth loses angular momentum by friction. L = 푟 ∙ 푚 ∙ 푣 Systems earth-moon gains 퐿 = 푟Ԧ × 푝Ԧ angular momentum. Distance earth – moon increases. source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Eclipses Solar Eclipse source: private March 20 2015 Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Eclipses Solar Eclipse source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Eclipses Solar Eclipse source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Eclipses Solar Eclipse source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Eclipses Lunar Eclipse source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Eclipses Next eclipses: July 27 - 28 2018 total lunar eclipse middle and southern europe, africa, asia August 11 2018 partial solar eclipse Scandinavia, Siberia, Canada Dec. 14 2020 total solar eclipse parts of Southern America and Southern Africa Aug. 12 2026 total eclipse Northern Spain source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Origin Don‘t know for sure, theories Similar chemical composition Not identical, smaller density more iron on earth in core (32 %) Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Origin Giant impact theory A Mars size-body collided with earth 4.5 billion years ago B Collision vaporized body and part of the earth source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Origin Giant impact theory C Part of it jetted away from earth D Accumulating to form the moon source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Origin Moon forming at a distance of 20 000 – 30 000 km from earth source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Surface Near side far side source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Surface Eratosthenes, 59 km Dominant feature: craters Impact of meteorites No erosion Up to 220 km diameter (Clavius) Most of surface covered by Regolith Dustlike debris from impacts source: J.D. Fix Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Influence on man „I couldn‘t sleep last night, no wonder, we had full moon.“ „That‘s easy to explain, we mainly consist of water, and the moon has influence on water, look at the tides.“ Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Influence on man 푚 ∙ 푀 퐹 = 퐺 ∙ 퐺푟 푟2 퐹 푁 푔 = 퐺푟 = 0.000034 푎푑푑 푚 푘푔 푁 푔 = 9.78 − 9.83 푒푎푟푡ℎ 푘푔 푁 Difference per day: ∆푔 ≈ 0.000002 푘푔 Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Influence on man No noticeable effect of gravitation of the moon on man. Gravitational effect is not connected to moon phases. Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Influence on man Effect of light?? Maybe?! Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Influence on man Moon is supposed to be romantic. Influence in music, literature and fine arts Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Influence on man The moon in music Claude Debussy Claire de lune L. v. Beethoven Mondscheinsonate Carl Orff Der Mond Edward Elgar In the moonlight Franz Schubert Der Wanderer an den Mond, Mondnacht Jean Sibelius Kuutamolla (in the moonlight) Many folk songs, popular songs .. Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Influence on man The moon in literature “The moon shines bright. In such a night as this. When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees and they did make no noise, in such a night...” Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice Most poets use the subject moon. Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Influence on man The moon in literature Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Influence on man The moon in fine arts Caspar David Friedrich Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Influence on man The moon in fine arts William Turner Dr. Wolfgang Unkelbach Erasmus+ TLA Ljubljana, April 10 – 16 2018 EUROSTRONOMIA 2017-2020 The Moon Invitation to a Voyage through our Solar System to the next stars, through the Milky Way to distant galaxies Dr.