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Severity of Gummy Stem Blight on Melon in Relation to Cultivars, Use of Fungicides and Growing Season

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Severity of Gummy Stem Blight on Melon in Relation to Cultivars, Use of Fungicides and Growing Season Research DALCIN, MS; TSCHOEKE, PH; AGUIAR, RWS; FIDELIS, RR; DIDONET, J; SANTOS, GR. 2017. Severity of gummy stem blight on melon in relation to cultivars, use of fungicides and growing season. Horticultura Brasileira 35: 483-489. DOI - http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620170403 Severity of gummy stem blight on melon in relation to cultivars, use of fungicides and growing season Mateus S Dalcin; Paulo H Tschoeke; Raimundo WS Aguiar; Rodrigo R Fidelis; Julcemar Didonet; Gil R Santos Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi-TO, Brasil; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; fidelisrr@ uft.edu.br; [email protected]; [email protected] (autor para correspondência) ABSTRACT RESUMO The authors aimed to evaluate the resistance to gummy stem Severidade do crestamento gomoso do meloeiro em função blight and the agronomic traits of the melon crop in the Southern de cultivares, uso de fungicidas e época de cultivo Region of the State of Tocantins, Brazil, in two growing seasons, No presente trabalho teve-se por objetivo avaliar a resistência submitted or not to treatment with fungicides. Two experiments were ao crestamento gomoso do caule e as características agronômicas carried out: dry season (experiment I), and rainy season (experiment de cultivares de melão na região sul do estado do Tocantins, culti- II), respectively, comprising the periods from July to October 2013 vados em duas estações climáticas e submetidas ou não à aplicação and from March to May 2014. Six melon cultivars were used in de fungicidas. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos: Estação seca each season. In the dry season: Eldorado 300, Hibrix, Dourado (Experimento I) e Estação chuvosa (Experimento II), compreendendo Amarelo, Louro, Gaúcho Redondo and Canarian; and in the rainy os períodos de julho a outubro de 2013 e março a maio de 2014, season: Eldorado 300, Hibrix, HF-4439, Louro, Gaúcho Redondo respectivamente. Foram utilizadas seis cultivares de melão em cada and Canarian. Treatments consisted of each cultivar and split plot época. No período de seca as cultivares utilizadas foram: Eldorado with (WA) or without fungicides application (NA). All cultivars 300, Hibrix, Dourado Amarelo, Louro, Gaúcho Redondo e Canarian; were susceptible to disease, considering that Gaúcho Redondo was época das chuvas: Eldorado 300, Hibrix, HF-4439, Louro, Gaúcho the least susceptible in the dry season. The fungicide application Redondo e Canarian. Os tratamentos consistiram de cada cultivar e decreased disease severity in the dry season, however the productivity a parcela subdividida em com (WA) e sem a aplicação de fungicidas of the crop in treatments without fungicide application were not (NA). Todas as cultivares foram suscetíveis à doença, sendo a Gaú- compromised, due to the late onset of the disease, and ranged from cho Redondo a menos suscetível apenas na estação seca do ano. A 19.2 t/ha for Eldorado 300 up to 41.9 t/ha for Canarian. The total aplicação de fungicidas diminuiu a severidade da doença na época soluble solids showed average values of 12°Brix, except for cultivar seca, entretanto, a produtividade dos tratamentos sem aplicação não Gaúcho Redondo, which showed Brix value lower than commercial foi comprometida, devido ao aparecimento tardio da doença,variando standards. During the rainy season, fungicide application did not de 19,2 t/ha para a Eldorado 300 até 41,9 t/ha para a Canarian. Os protect the plants, which did not complete the cycle, resulting in the teores de sólidos solúveis totais apresentaram valores médios de absence of marketable fruit production. The climatic characteristics 12°Brix, com exceção da cultivar Gaúcho Redondo, que apresentou observed in the rainy season, with high humidity, leaf wetness and valor abaixo do padrão comercial. No período chuvoso, a aplicação high temperatures are favorable for the development of gummy de fungicidas não protegeu as plantas, que não completaram o stem blight in melon plants. Thus, in Tocantins, the dry season is ciclo, resultando na ausência de produção de frutos comerciais. As characterized as the best time of year for cultivation, between April características climáticas verificadas na estação chuvosa, com alta and September. umidade, molhamento foliar e elevadas temperaturas são favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do crestamento gomoso em plantas de melão. Desta forma, no Tocantins, a estação seca se caracteriza como a melhor época do ano para o cultivo, compreendida entre os meses de abril e setembro. Keywords: Cucumis melo, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, Palavras-chave: Cucumis melo, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, chemical control. controle químico. Received on December 2, 2016; accepted on August 8, 2017 elon (Cucumis melo) is an It is grown mainly in tropical countries, to growing, development, and productive Moleraceae of great acceptance due to the climate characteristics performance of the plants (Pereira Filho in the world market of fresh fruits, (temperature, relative humidity and et al., 2014). Melon production in including Brazil (Vargas et al., 2008). luminosity) which contribute positively Brazil is around 570.000 ton, and the Hortic. bras., Brasília, v.35, n.4, October-December 2017 483 MS Dalcin et al. main commercial planting area is in the MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental design was Northeastern semiarid, in the States of randomized blocks, the treatments Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará (FAO, were allocated in split plots, with four 2013). Two trials were carried out in different replicates. Six melon cultivars were used Recently, in the State of Tocantins, seasons: dry season (Experiment I) and in each growing season. During the dry melon has been grown in areas of rainy season (Experiment II), from July season: Eldorado 300, Hibrix, Dourado watermelon production and showed to October 2013 and from March to Amarelo, Louro, Gaúcho Redondo and good development and high productivity May 2014, respectively, in Fitossanity Canarian; and during the rainy season: (Santos et al., 2011). However, high department of Universidade Federal do Eldorado 300, Hibrix, HF-4439, Louro, temperatures and the crop irrigation Tocantins (11°44’45”S, 49°38’968”W; Gaúcho Redondo and Canarian. The management favor disease occurrence altitude 278 m), municipality of Gurupi, treatments consisted of each cultivar (Queiroga et al., 2007). Thus, melon State of Tocantins, Brazil. The area is and each split plot: with application producers have been facing difficulties inserted in the Bioma Cerrado, with a (WA) and without application (NA) of in controlling diseases, mainly the history of melon planting and natural any kind of product. gummy stem blight, which has been infestation of gummy stem blight. The In the plots treated with fungicides, causing losses in these growing areas. soil is classified as Typic Hapludox the authors used thiophanate methyl 20% Gummy stem blight or stem canker, (Santos et al., 2013) with medium m/m i.a (0.7 g/L) + chlorothalonil 50% caused by fungus Didymella bryoniae texture. m/m i.a (1.7 g/L) and diphenoconazole is one of the main diseases in melon According to Köppen, the climate 25% m/v i.a. (0.3 mL/L). Eight worldwide. It causes damping-off, of the region is Aw, tropical, hot and applications were carried out, being foliar lesions and stem and stalk humid, with rainy season in the summer 7 of thiophanate + chlorothalonil. On cankers, which compromise the plant and dry season in the winter. The annual the sixth application, diphenoconazole development, reducing productivity average temperature is around 26°C, was used. In order to control pest and quality of the fruits (Santos & Café annual average temperature amplitude insects, the authors used insecticides Filho, 2005). Recently, Aveskamp et al. very small, with monthly average deltamethrin 2.5% m/v i.a. (1.0 mL/L) (2010) proposed a new nomenclature minimum temperature of 20°C and and imidacloprid 70% m/m i.a. (0.3 for D. bryoniae, which was defined as monthly average maximum temperature g/L) in all applications, on the same Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum and of 33°C. The average annual rainfall is days and plots of the fungicides. The anamorph in Phoma cucurbitacearum 1,632 mm, registering from October to first application was carried out after (Brewer et al., 2015). March the highest rainfall indices and, seedling emergence, another at 15 from April to September, the lowest days after emergence and weekly after The fungus survives in the absence indices (Hargreaves & Samani, 1985). flowering totaling eight. The application of the host on and/or below the soil, in Soil preparation was carried out of the products were carried out with the the cultural remnants of cucurbitaceae, with two heavy harrowings and one aid of a costal spray with capacity for weeds or in seeds. The pathogen is very leveling harrowing, whereas, to build 20 L, equipped with nozzles with spray resistant to sun and other hard weather the seedbeds, the authors used a rotary tips full cone type. The quantity of syrup conditions, remaining viable for several tilling (0.70 m width at the upper base, applied followed the manufacturer’s years in the soil (one to three years) and 0.90 m width at the bottom base and 0.30 instructions. in cultural remnants. Diseased fruits m height). The seedbeds were protected The severity of the disease in relation generally show infected seeds, which using double-sided plastic canvas to time was determined every seven are the main means of dissemination (black/white) with 150 micrometers days,
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