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SOCIAL STUDIES CLASS-IV Learning Objectives:- • States / Uts in The

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SOCIAL STUDIES CLASS-IV Learning Objectives:- States / UTs in the northern mountains. Tourist places in the states of northern mountains. Food culture and occupation. The northern mountain region covers the following states and union territories of northern India: 1. Jammu and Kashmir 10. Tripura 2. Ladakh 11. Meghalaya 3. Uttarakhand 12. Mizoram 4. Himachal Pradesh 13. Assam 5. Sikkim 6. West Bengal 7. Arunachal Pradesh 8. Nagaland 9. Manipur Life in the mountainous region is not easy. People live mostly in valleys. Houses are made of wood and have sloping roofs. Jammu and Kashmir, the new Union Territory of India, is located in the northern mountains. Srinagar is the summer capital and Jammu is the winter capital. It is famous for its scenic beauty. Infact, Kashmir was called ‘ a paradise on earth’ by the mughal emperor Jahangir. Main rivers in Jammu and Kashmir are the Indus, Chenab, Ravi and Tawi. Jammu is the land of temples. Kashmir valley is famous for its beautiful landscape. Srinagar, Gulmarg and Pahalgam are important places of tourist interest. The Dal lake in Srinagar is known as the ‘ jewel in the crown of Kashmir’. It is famous for its Shikara boats. The Wular lake near Srinagar is the largest fresh water lake in Asia. Nishat garden, Shalimar garden, Chashme shahi and Indira Gandhi tulip garden are famous gardens in the state. Summers are cool but the winters are very cold. The kashmiris use kangri, a small pot with burning coal. It is kept close to the body to provide warmth. Both men and women wear phiran, worn with a salwar. Rogan josh, Rista, Yakhni and Gustaba are special Kashmiri dishes. Kahwa is special type of green tea. Shivratri and Eid are the main festivals. Kashmiri, Urdu, Dogri and Pahari are the main languages. Farming, sheep rearing and Weaving are the main occupations here. Pashmina shawls are finest shawls in the world. Kashmir is famous for kesar and papier mache. Ladakh is an important centre of Buddhism. It mainly consists of high altitude plains and mountains. Himachal Pradesh, also known as the ‘ apple state of India’ lies to the southof Jammu and Kashmir. Shimla, the capital of Himachal Pradesh is a beautiful hill station. It is the only natural ice skating rink of India. Other popular hill stations are Kullu, Manali and Dalhousie. Farming and rearing sheep and goat are the main occupations. Himachal is also said to be the fruit bowl of the country, because it has orchards of apples, pears, plums and cherries. Different flowers are cultivated to make Himachal Pradesh a ‘flower basket of the world’. Wool weaving is a common occupation. Kullu is famous for its shawls. Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali and Kangri are the spoken languages. Women wear kurta pyjama and colourful scarves. Men wear a loose coat called Chola along with churidar pyjama and embroidered caps. Dussehra is the main festival celebrated here. Uttarakhand lies in the mountainous region of garhwal and kumaon. Its capital is Dehradun. Mussorie, Nainital, Ranikhet and Almora are the popular hill stations. It is famous for its Pilgrimage centres (Badrinath,Kedarnath). Farming is the main Occupation of the people here. Sikkim, located in the eastern hilly region of Himalayas is the second smallest state of India. Its capital is Gangtok. Kanchenjunga lies on the border of Sikkim. Lepcha, Bhutia and Nepali are the three main tribes. Women wear long skirts called boku. People celebrate the Buddhist festival ‘saga dawa’. Sikkim is famous for its orchid plantation. Darjeeling lies to the south of Sikkim. High quality tea produced in the tea gardens is famous in the world. The seven states of north- eastern hilly region of India are called the seven sisters. It lies in the north east of India. Its capital is Itanagar. Farming is the main occupation here. Jhum cultivation (shifting cultivation) is practiced here. People live in houses on stilts. The meaning of Meghalaya is Abode of clouds. Shillong, is a beautiful hill station also known as the ‘Scotland of the east’. Farming is the main occupation. The main tribes are Garo, Khasi and Jaintia. The capital of Nagaland is Kohima.It has been suggested as the ‘falcon capital of the world’.About a million falcons are found in Nagaland.Farming and fishing are the main occupations.People practice jhum farming.Weaving is a traditional art.Nagas wear colourful clothes.War dance is a distinctive Naga dance.Nagaland is known as the land of festivals.The state celebrates all Christian festivals.The Nagas wear colourful clothes and jewellery made of beads,shells,bones and ivory. Its capital is Imphal.Farming and weaving are the main occupations here.The Manipuri dance is the famous dance of India. The word Mizoram means the ‘Land of the hill people.’Its capital is Aizawl.Farming is the main occupation.Bamboo dance is the famous folk dance of Mizoram. The capital of Tripura is Agartala.Farming is the main occupation.Goria Dance is the folk dance here.Tripura is famous for cane and bamboo furniture. The capital of Assam is Dispur.Assam is known for Assam tea and Assam silk.Agriculture is the main occupation here.Bihu dance is the famous folk dance of Assam. Jammu and Kashmir, has been converted into two Union Territories i.e., Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh by the Govt. of India on 31st Oct 2019. A. Answer the following: 1. What did Emperor Jahangir call Kashmir? Ans. Kashmir was called a ‘paradise on earth’ by Emperor Jahangir. 2. What are the occupations of the people of Kashmir? Ans. Farming, sheep rearing and weaving are the main occupations of the people of Kashmir. 3. How do Buddhists celebrate the festival of ‘Saga Dawa’? Ans. Buddhists celebrate the festival of Saga Dawa by wearing rich clothes and taking out a long procession. 4. In what type of houses do people of Arunachal Pradesh live? Ans. People of Arunachal Pradesh live in houses on stilts. 5. What is meant by jhum cultivation? Ans. Jhum cultivation means shifting cultivation. B. Name the following: 1. Place that gets heaviest rainfall – Mawsynram 2. Two hill stations in Uttarakhand – Mussorie, Nainital. 3. Two places of Pilgrimage in Uttarakhand – Badrinath, Kedarnath. 4. Two tribes of Sikkim – Lepcha, Bhutia. C. Fill in the blanks: 1. The people of Kashmir use Kangri to keep themselves warm during winters. 2. Kahwa is a special Kashmiri tea. 3. Himachal is called the apple state of India. 4. The seven states of purvanchal are known as seven sisters. 5. The Nagas wear colourful clothes and jewellery made of beads, shells, bones and ivory. 6. Sikkim is famous for its orchid plantations. 7. Women of Sikkim wear long skirts called Boku. D. Choose the correct answer: 1. Famous for shikara a. Shimla b. Nainital c. Srinagar ans- C 2. Famous for kesar a. Kolkata b. Sikkim c. Kashmir ans- C 3. Famous for cane and bamboo furniture a. Sikkim b. Himachal c. Tripura ans- C 4. Famous for papier mache a. Himachal b. Kashmir c. Arunachal Pradesh ans- B 5. Famous for tea gardens a. Delhi b. Darjeeling c. Manipur ans- B .
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