Politieke Satire, Wat Moet Je Ermee?
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Politieke satire, wat moet je ermee? Een onderzoek naar de betekenisgeving van jongeren aan politieke satire. Master scriptie Media en Journalistiek. Ayla van Eekelen Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication. Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. Begeleider: Dr. C. Aalberts Tweede lezer: Prof.Dr. J. Jansz Studentnummer: 325704 Email: [email protected] Datum: Juni 2012 Voorwoord Zo. Nu het voorwoord ook bijna op papier staat komt het einde dan echt in zicht, mijn scriptie is bijna af! Ik kan wel een heel verhaal ophangen over hoe moeilijk het was, hoe zwaar en hoe heftig het was om een half jaar in een sociaal isolement te leven, maar dat vind ik onzin. Ik heb met heel veel plezier aan deze scriptie gewerkt en ben erg blij dat ik het grote SPSS monster met zijn gemene factoranalyse, lelijke Cronbach’s Alpha en vooral zijn afschuwelijke lineaire regressieanalyse heb overwonnen. Ik wil iedereen die heeft meegeholpen bij het realiseren van deze scriptie en iedereen die mijn eindeloze gezeur en gemekker heeft moeten aanhoren even bedankten. Jongens, bedankt! 2 Abstract: Politieke satire, wat moet je ermee? Keywords: Koefnoen, Politics, Satire, Adolescents, Perception It is often said that young people have little interest in politics. They are not only less interested in politics. The interest in the traditional media, which is the number one information source regarding political information, is also becoming less. Over the years a lot of research has been done. These researches show that youngsters are little involved in politics, that they are not active in politics and that they have lack of political knowledge. Very few research has been done concerning the experiences that young people do have with politics. Therefore, in this study the focus is situated on the way young people are informed about politics through popular media. The research question of this thesis that has been answered is: In what way do Dutch youngsters give meaning to political satire on television? Answering this question was important, because of the lack of research that has been done regarding this subject. After a literature study, two focus groups were performed. The information obtained from the literature study and the focus groups has been used to create the survey. Highly educated Dutch youngsters from different high schools have completed the survey. The results of this survey show that the highly educated Dutch youngsters find it important to have some political knowledge. But they also show that the youngsters think politics is boring, complicated and hard. A way to make the boring and complicated politics more attractive, is political satire. All the survey results are incorporated into a multiple linear regression analysis in order to answer the research question. Three independent variables significantly correlate with the meaning to political satire. When respondents perceive politics as difficult, they give meaning to political satire in a positive way. When the meaning about the Dutch satirical television program Koefnoen positively increases, the meaning to political satire positively increases too. Also, when the respondents criticize Koefnoen as an accessible program, the meaning to political satire positively increases. 3 Inhoudsopgave VOORWOORD .................................................................................................................................................. 2 ABSTRACT: POLITIEKE SATIRE, WAT MOET JE ERMEE? ..................................................................................... 3 INHOUDSOPGAVE ............................................................................................................................................ 4 HOOFDSTUK 1. INLEIDING ................................................................................................................................ 6 HOOFDSTUK 2. THEORETISCH KADER ............................................................................................................... 8 2.1 DE HUIDIGE POLITIEKE SITUATIE IN NEDERLAND ............................................................................................ 8 Verzuiling en Ontzuiling ............................................................................................................................ 8 Het poldermodel ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 POLITIEKE BETROKKENHEID .................................................................................................................... 11 Geïnformeerd burgerschap ..................................................................................................................... 12 Kritiek op het geïnformeerd burgerschap ................................................................................................ 13 ‘Audience Democracy’ ............................................................................................................................ 14 2.3 BETEKENISGEVING AAN POLITIEK DOOR JONGEREN ....................................................................................... 15 In aanraking komen met politiek ............................................................................................................. 15 Oordelen over politiek en politieke activiteit ............................................................................................ 16 2.4 GEPOPULARISEERDE POLITIEK ................................................................................................................. 17 Gepopulariseerde politiek ....................................................................................................................... 18 Populaire cultuur als politiek podium ...................................................................................................... 18 Populaire cultuur als politieke praktijk .................................................................................................... 19 Populaire cultuur als politieke fictie......................................................................................................... 19 2.5 POLITIEKE SATIRE ................................................................................................................................ 20 Wat is satire? En wat is politieke satire? ................................................................................................. 20 Koefnoen ................................................................................................................................................ 21 2.6 SAMENVATTING ........................................................................................................................................ 22 HOOFDSTUK 3. METHODE .............................................................................................................................. 24 3.1 FASE 1: LITERATUURONDERZOEK ............................................................................................................ 24 3.2 FASE 2: FOCUSGROEPEN ....................................................................................................................... 24 Over focusgroepen ................................................................................................................................. 25 Uitvoering .............................................................................................................................................. 26 Resultaten .............................................................................................................................................. 28 3.3 FASE 3: DE ENQUÊTE ........................................................................................................................... 30 Enquête: Respondenten .......................................................................................................................... 31 Enquête uiteindelijke enquête ................................................................................................................. 32 Politieke kennis .................................................................................................................................................. 33 Mening over politiek ........................................................................................................................................... 33 Interesse in politiek getinte onderwerpen ........................................................................................................... 35 Deelname aan politiek getinte activiteiten .......................................................................................................... 35 In aanraking komen met politieke informatie ...................................................................................................... 36 Kennis Koefnoen ................................................................................................................................................. 36 Manier van Koefnoen kijken ................................................................................................................................ 36 Frequentie van Koefnoen kijken .......................................................................................................................... 37 Reden om Koefnoen te kijken .............................................................................................................................