s 4 IJmlc 3 IO 3 f. •i n <7 Jflllf-^ 4! O THE NEW HUDSON SHAKESPEARE THE LIVES OF THE NOBLE GRE- JULIUS CESAR CIANS AND ROMAINES, COMPARED TOGETHER BY THAT GRAVE LEARNED PHILOSOPHER AND HISTORIOGRAPHER, Tlutar¡¡g of Cb^ronea-i. INTRODUCTION AN) NOTES BY Tranflatedoutof Greekeinto French by I AMES AMIOT Ab- bot ofUdk^ane, 'Hi/hop ofAtixerre, one ofthe Kings prime Qamfell, HENRYNORMAN indgreatAmnerofFrarKX. VVhhthcnuesofH»H(iiB«i.and ofScmo AfEieAM:tranflitedoutof Urine into French by CHABLES HUDSON, LL-D-^ de tEactvsB, 2nd oat of French into Engliih, Hj SrrTbomas J^mtbKnigbt. res Bamti tjriBl'fSuik*, #fAugaflis Piutiite, ; wilbilxU*aifpmMbtr aallaa CUfiuàa rf tunc.- wUiQed al •{imyta Probln , h S.G.%ad Ei&faJiylx .frfUTrafmr. EDITED AND REVISEDBY EBENEZER CHARLTON BLACK LL-D- (GLASGOW) WITH THE COOPERATION OF ANDREW" JACKS ON GEORGE ETPD-OMFERSD Imprinted at London by RICRA&D FIELD GINN AND COMPANY for GEORGE BISHOP. BOSTON NEWYORK CHICAGO LONDON 1603. ATLANTA. DALLAS COLUMBUS SAN FRANCISCO TITLE-PAGE OF NORTH'S PLUTARCH, THIRD EDITION Reproduced from the copy in the Boston Public Library PREFACE BIBLIOTECA J5 The text of this edition of Julius Ccesar is based upon a collation of the seventeenth century Folios, the Globe edi- tion, and that of Delius. As compared with the text of the earlier editions of Hudson's Shakespeare, it is conservative. Exclusive of changes in spelling, "punctuation, and stage ENTEKBD AT STATIONERS' HALL directions, very few emendations by eighteenth century and COPYRIGHT, 1908 nineteenth century editors have been adopted; and these, AND COMPANY with every variation from the First Folio, are indicated in the textual notes. These notes are printed immediately below the text so that a reader or student may see at a glance the evidence in the case of a disputed reading and have some definite understanding of the reasons for those differences in the text of Shakespeare which frequently surprise and very often annoy. A consideration of the more poetical, or the more dramatically effective, of two variant readings will often lead to rich results in awakening a spirit of discriminating interpretation and in developing true creative criticism. In no sense is this a textual variorum edition. The variants given are only those of importance and high authority. 129530 The spelling and the punctuation of the text are mod- ern, except in the case of verb terminations in -ed, which, CSe atbengnm jUrtsg when the e is silent, are printed with the apostrophe in its GTNN AND COMPANY • PRO- PRIETORS • BOSTON • U.S.A. place. This is the general usage in the First Folio. Modern iii spelling has to a certain extent been followed in the text variants ; but the original spelling has been retained wherever its peculiarities have been the basis for impor- tant textual criticism and emendation. CONTENTS With the exception of the position of the textual vari- ants, the plan of this edition is similar to that of the old INTRODUCTION Hudson Shakespeare. It is impossible to specify the vari- PAGE ous instances of revision and rearrangement in the matter I. SOURCES VII of the Introduction and the interpretative notes, but the THE MAIN STORY VII endeavor has been to retain all that gave the old edition NORTH'S PLUTARCH VII its unique place and to add the results of what seems vital APPIAN'S ROMAN IVARS XII and permanent in later inquiry and research. EARLIER PLAYS XIII While it is important that the principle of suum cuique THE SCENE OF THE ASSASSINATION XIV be attended to so far as is possible in matters of research "ETTU, BRUTE" XVI and scholarship, it is becoming more and more difficult to BRUTUS'S SPEECH, III, II XVI give every man his own in Shakespearian annotation. The II. DATE OF COMPOSITION XVII amount of material accumulated is so great that the iden- EXTERNAL EVIDENCE XVIII tity-origin of much important comment and suggestion is INTERNAL EVIDENCE XX either wholly lost or so crushed out of shape as to be beyond III. EARLY EDITIONS XXIII recognition. Instructive significance perhaps attaches to FOLIOS XXIII this in editing the works of one who quietly made so much THE QUARTO OF 1691 XXIV of materials gathered by others. But the list of authorities ROWE'S EDITIONS XXIV given on page li will indicate the chief source of much IV. THE TITLE XXV that has gone to enrich the value of this edition. Pro- V. DRAMATIC CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT . XXV fessor W. P. Trent, of Columbia University, has offered ANALYSIS BY ACT AND SCENE XXVI valuable suggestions and given important advice: and to VI. MANAGEMENT OF TIME AND PLACE XXX Mr. M. Grant Daniell's patience, accuracy, and judgment HISTORIC TIME XXX this volume owes both its freedom from many a blunder DRAMATIC TIME XXXI and its possession of a carefully arranged index. PLACE XXXI v / spelling has to a certain extent been followed in the text variants ; but the original spelling has been retained wherever its peculiarities have been the basis for impor- tant textual criticism and emendation. CONTENTS With the exception of the position of the textual vari- ants, the plan of this edition is similar to that of the old INTRODUCTION Hudson Shakespeare. It is impossible to specify the vari- PAGE ous instances of revision and rearrangement in the matter I. SOURCES VII of the Introduction and the interpretative notes, but the THE MAIN STORY VII endeavor has been to retain all that gave the old edition NORTH'S PLUTARCH VII its unique place and to add the results of what seems vital APPIAN'S ROMAN IVARS XII and permanent in later inquiry and research. EARLIER PLAYS XIII While it is important that the principle of suum cuique THE SCENE OF THE ASSASSINATION XIV be attended to so far as is possible in matters of research "ETTU, BRUTE" XVI and scholarship, it is becoming more and more difficult to BRUTUS'S SPEECH, III, II XVI give every man his own in Shakespearian annotation. The II. DATE OF COMPOSITION XVII amount of material accumulated is so great that the iden- EXTERNAL EVIDENCE XVIII tity-origin of much important comment and suggestion is INTERNAL EVIDENCE XX either wholly lost or so crushed out of shape as to be beyond III. EARLY EDITIONS XXIII recognition. Instructive significance perhaps attaches to FOLIOS XXIII this in editing the works of one who quietly made so much THE QUARTO OF 1691 XXIV of materials gathered by others. But the list of authorities ROWE'S EDITIONS XXIV given on page li will indicate the chief source of much IV. THE TITLE XXV that has gone to enrich the value of this edition. Pro- V. DRAMATIC CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT . XXV fessor W. P. Trent, of Columbia University, has offered ANALYSIS BY ACT AND SCENE XXVI valuable suggestions and given important advice: and to VI. MANAGEMENT OF TIME AND PLACE XXX Mr. M. Grant Daniell's patience, accuracy, and judgment HISTORIC TIME XXX this volume owes both its freedom from many a blunder DRAMATIC TIME XXXI and its possession of a carefully arranged index. PLACE XXXI v / PAGE VII. VERSIFICATION AND DICTION XXXII BLANK VERSE XXXII RHYME XXXIII PROSE • XXXIII VIII. THE CHARACTERS XXXIV INTRODUCTION JULIUS CAESAR XXXIV BRUTUS XLI NOTE. In citations from Shakespeare's plays and nondramatic poems the numbering has reference to the Globe edition, except in BRUTUS AND CASSIUS XLVII the case of this play, where the reference is to this edition. PORTIA XLIX ANTONY LI I. SOURCES THE PEOPLE LIII IX. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS LIII No event in the history of the world has made a more profound impression upon the popular imagination than AUTHORITIES (WITH ABBREVIATIONS) IV the assassination of Julius Caesar. Apart from its over- CHRONOLOGICAL CHART IVI whelming interest as a personal catastrophe, it was re- DISTRIBUTION OF CHARACTERS LX garded in the sixteenth century as a happening of the greatest historical moment, fraught with significant public lessons for all time. There is ample evidence that in THE TEXT England from the beginning of Elizabeth's reign it was ACT I 3 the subject of much literary and dramatic treatment, and ACT II 42 in making the murder of " the mightiest Julius " the cli- ACT III 79 max of a play, Shakespeare was true to that instinct which ACT IV 116 drew him for material to themes of universal and eternal interest. ACT V 144 INDEX THE MAIN STORY I. WORDS AND PHRASES 169 1. North's Plutarch. There is no possible doubt that in II. QUOTATIONS FROM PLUTARCH 173 Julius Ccesar Shakespeare derived the great body of his historical material from The Life of Julius Ccesar, The Life of Marcus Brutus, and The Life of Marcus Antonius vii PAGE VII. VERSIFICATION AND DICTION XXXII BLANK VERSE XXXII RHYME XXXIII PROSE • XXXIII VIII. THE CHARACTERS XXXIV INTRODUCTION JULIUS CAESAR XXXIV BRUTUS XLI NOTE. In citations from Shakespeare's plays and nondramatic poems the numbering has reference to the Globe edition, except in BRUTUS AND CASSIUS XLVII the case of this play, where the reference is to this edition. PORTIA XLIX ANTONY LI I. SOURCES THE PEOPLE LIII IX. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS LIII No event in the history of the world has made a more profound impression upon the popular imagination than AUTHORITIES (WITH ABBREVIATIONS) IV the assassination of Julius Caesar. Apart from its over- CHRONOLOGICAL CHART IVI whelming interest as a personal catastrophe, it was re- DISTRIBUTION OF CHARACTERS LX garded in the sixteenth century as a happening of the greatest historical moment, fraught with significant public lessons for all time. There is ample evidence that in THE TEXT England from the beginning of Elizabeth's reign it was ACT I 3 the subject of much literary and dramatic treatment, and ACT II 42 in making the murder of " the mightiest Julius " the cli- ACT III 79 max of a play, Shakespeare was true to that instinct which ACT IV 116 drew him for material to themes of universal and eternal interest.