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(Ephemeroptera) and Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Big Bend Ranch State Park and Big Bend National Park Author(S): David E

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(Ephemeroptera) and Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Big Bend Ranch State Park and Big Bend National Park Author(S): David E Preliminary survey of the mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Big Bend Ranch State Park and Big Bend National Park Author(s): David E. Baumgardner and David E. Bowles Source: Journal of Insect Science, 5(28):1-13. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/1536-2442(2005)5[1:PSOTME]2.0.CO;2 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1673/1536-2442%282005%295%5B1%3APSOTME %5D2.0.CO%3B2 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org ISSN: 1536-2442 Preliminary survey of the mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Big Bend Ranch State Park and Big Bend National Park. David E. Baumgardner1* and David E. Bowles2, 3 1 Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2475 2 National Park Service, Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network, c/o Department of Biology, Southwest Missouri State University, 901 South National Avenue, Springfield, MO 65804 3 Field work conducted while employed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, River Studies Program Abstract The mayfly (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) and caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) fauna of Big Bend National Park and Big Bend Ranch State Park are reported based upon numerous records. For mayflies, sixteen species representing four families and twelve genera are reported. By comparison, thirty-five species of caddisflies were collected during this study representing seventeen genera and nine families. Although the Rio Grande supports the greatest diversity of mayflies (n=9) and caddisflies (n=14), numerous spring-fed creeks throughout the park also support a wide variety of species. A general lack of data on the distribution and abundance of invertebrates in Big Bend National and State Park is discussed, along with the importance of continuing this type of research. Cite this paper as: Baumgardner DE and Bowles DE. 2005. Preliminary survey of the mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Big Bend Ranch State Park and Big Bend National Park. 13pp. Journal of Insect Science 5:28, available online: insectscience.org/5.28 Keywords: Chihuahuan Desert, biodiversity, invertebrate faunas, conservation, inventory Correspondence: *[email protected], [email protected] Received 1 February 2005 | Accepted 16 April 2005 | Published 3 November 2005 Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ JIS: Baumgardner 5.28.2005 1 Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org ISSN: 1536-2442 Introduction decisions necessary to effectively manage conservation areas. Such information allows for The invertebrate faunas of national and state parks construction of a comparative framework to historically have been given a low priority by the evaluate future changes in species composition and United States National Park Service, and typically distribution that may occur in these systems. The they are ignored unless they become pests National Park Service has the goal of conducting (Ginsberg, 1994). Studies have noted that few baseline inventories to support long-term national parks have initiated systematic inventories ecological monitoring including biomonitoring to of invertebrates and essentially no research has support assessments of non-point sources of been done towards this end in over half of the pollution (Freet et al., 1999, Nimmo et al., 2002). National Parks (DeWalt et al., 2005, Flory et al., 2000, Jacobus et al., 2003, Jacobus et al., 2005, Ginsberg (1994) recommended targeting Kondratieff et al., 2002, Sharkey, 2001, Stohlgren inventories of selected invertebrate groups for et al., 1991a, Stohlgren et al., 1991b). Baseline data ecological monitoring. The Ephemeroptera, for aquatic environments in and adjacent to the Rio Plecoptera and Trichoptera are the insect orders Grande in western Texas, including those in Big comprising the Bend National Park and Big Bend Ranch State Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT) Park, are relatively sparse. Indeed, the aquatic index commonly used in assessments of stream invertebrate fauna of these parks is poorly water quality and integrity (Barbour et al., 1999). documented having never been comprehensivly Therefore, a baseline inventory of the mayflies and surveyed (Bowles, 1997, Bane et al., 1978, Gloyd, caddisflies of Big Bend National and State Park is 1958, Ross, 1944, Tinkham, 1934). crucial to developing management criteria for protecting aquatic systems in the Parks. There are Such a paucity of information on these systems no known species of Plecoptera (stoneflies) from must be considered in light of the U.S./Mexico the Big Bend region. The only known species of Border XXI Program’s identification of loss of Plecoptera known from west Texas, Isoperla jewetti species diversity in the Rio Grande corridor as an Szczytko and Stewart (Szczytko et al., 1977), is a issue of primary concern (United States relict population from near El Paso that is likely no Environmental Protection Agency 1996). The broad longer present. diversity of aquatic habitats in the Big Bend area, including numerous permanent and temporary Big Bend National Park, Big Bend Ranch State springs, springs-runs, water tanks, and the Rio Park, Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, and Grande, suggests that a rich variety of aquatic the Santa Elena Canyon Reserve in Mexico are invertebrates occur in the Park. collectively referred to as the “Big Bend Region” and they lie adjacent to each other in the The lack of data on the distribution and abundance Chihuahuan desert region of far West Texas (Figure of the majority of invertebrate groups in Big Bend 1). Water resources in this region are generally National and State Park seriously impedes scarce and Black Gap Wildlife Management Area ecological investigations that could be used to essentially lacks natural surface waters. However, support management decisions in those parks. In numerous springs and small streams occur particular, those studies concerning fisheries throughout the 1.1 million acres of land comprising ecology, monitoring for potential or actual the national and state parks, and they are bordered introductions of exotic species ( e.g, Asian clam, by the Rio Grande on the south. zebra mussel, various fishes), water quality and monitoring of pollution events, and other Although there have been numerous surveys of the anthropogenic disturbances can be severely terrestrial insect fauna within these two parks, little confounded by a paucity of aquatic invertebrate attention has been focused on the aquatic insects. data. The potential for using invertebrates as Basic survey work on mayflies and caddisflies in the indicators of ecosystem disturbance is seen, for Big Bend region has been largely neglected. example, in the fact that aquatic invertebrates often Previously, only cursory attempts have been made are used successfully as indicators of ecosystem to document this fauna. Previous species-level health. Because of the importance of invertebrates records of mayflies in the Big Bend region are to ecosystem function, detailed surveys of scattered, and include records found in McCafferty invertebrate faunas are essential for making and Davis (1992), Henry (1993), and Baumgardner JIS: Baumgardner 5.28.2005 2 Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org ISSN: 1536-2442 Figure 1: Location of Big Bend National Park and Big Bend Ranch State Park within Texas, with selected collection locations indicated. et al. (1997). Similarly, previous species-level conditions under which they were measured at a records of caddisflies in this region include those of given time. Elevation was not collected at all sites. Bowles and Flint (1997), Moulton and Harris (1997), and Bowles et al. (1999). Bowles (1997) Several collecting methods were used to collect prepared a checklist of the caddisflies of Big Bend insects in this study, depending on the season and National Park, but this list was not published. type of habitat sampled. Sampling methods for Moulton and Stewart (1997) presented a checklist adult specimens included ultraviolet (UV)-light of the caddisflies known to occur in Texas at that traps, mercury vapor lights, Malaise traps, time, including the Big Bend region, but they did emergence traps, sweep netting riparian vegetation, not include specific or regional distributional and rearing from immature stages. At some information. The objectives of this study are to collection localities, more than one method was present a preliminary assessment of the diversity used. Immature stages were collected directly from and distribution of mayflies
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