LINGUA FRANCA a BI-ANNUAL NEWSLETTER PUBLISHED by FOREIGN LANGUAGES at SALEM STATE UNIVERSITY Salemstate.Edu/Languages Volume 9 • Issue 1 • Fall 2011

LINGUA FRANCA A BI-ANNUAL NEWSLETTER PUBLISHED BY FOREIGN LANGUAGES AT SALEM STATE UNIVERSITY salemstate.edu/languages Volume 9 • Issue 1 • Fall 2011

“EVERYONE SHOULD LEARN A SECOND LANGUAGE” A CONVERSATION WITH K. BREWER DORAN, DEAN OF THE BERTOLON SCHOOL OF BUSINESS INSIDE THIS ISSUE By Elizabeth Blood, foreign languages Business and Language page 1 K. Brewer Doran, Dean of the Bertolon School of Business Hispanophile in Paris page 1 and well-known specialist in global and cross-cultural marketing and decision-making, knows first-hand the importance of Department News page 2 understanding different cultures and learning languages. Fluent MaFLA Conference page 3 in English and French, Dean Doran is also conversant in German and Swahili, and knows some Spanish and Chinese. During HOPE Award page 4 her undergraduate and graduate studies, Dean Doran studied Photo Contest page 4 and lived in Kenya, Germany, Canada, and China. She was also awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to live in Uganda. During Il Mio Destino page 5 her career in the private sector and her many business-related Salem’s Hispanics page 5 academic research projects, she has traveled to over 80 countries on all seven continents and to all 50 U.S. states. Dean Doran has, Teaching in Italy page 6 quite literally, been around the world. When asked whether today’s students should be encouraged to Arabic and Language page 7 study different languages and cultures, Dean Doran emphatically Teaching in Lugo, Spain page 8 responded “I think everyone should learn a second language. While it’s not necessary in today’s business world, not being able to speak another language puts us, as Americans, at a disadvantage. Studying Chinese page 9 The process of learning another language also helps us to learn about other cultures.” Dean Doran Canciones in Class page 10 acknowledges that, in our rapidly changing global economy, it is difficult to predict which languages students may need in the future, but argues nonetheless for language study. Learning a second or The Other Slavery page 11 third language, no matter which one students choose, starts to open the doors to the multilingual Costa Rica page 12 world in which we live. “Obviously, you can’t learn all the languages you will encounter, but you can get much better at being observant and figuring out local culture,” says Doran, “In addition, I always try to learn basic vocabulary in the language of the countries I’m visiting, as a sign of EDITORS: respect. Especially with less widely spoken languages, native speakers don’t expect you to be Jon Aske fluent, but learning a few words and being conversant in their customs goes a very long way.” Students in all fields, but particularly those who plan to work in the global economy or in our Kenneth Reeds own multilingual country, should consider making the study of languages and cultures an integral WEB PUBLICATION: part of their undergraduate and graduate studies. Doran affirms, “I firmly believe that cultural sensitivity and a keenly observant eye are the most important characteristics of successful global ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com managers. At first, learning other languages and cultures is very intimidating, but with experience, it becomes easier.” n

JOIN SALEM STATE’S A HISPANOPHILE I cannot tell a lie. I did not want to go to LANGUAGE CLUBS’ MAILING EXPLORES PARIS Paris. The trip was planned as a birthday gift for my partner. Why did I not have any burning LISTS & FACEBOOK GROUPS By Laurie Meagher, Spanish instructor desire to see Paris? Although I speak un peu Visit This Page: de français and have had my spin with Camus, Beauvoir and the salons of Gertrude Stein, http://tr.im/languageclubs my heart belongs to Spain. I do not enjoy big cities either. I was not interested in seeing a sumptuously golden palace of a king and FOREIGN LANGUAGES queen who let the common people “eat cake”, TEL: 978.542.6258 nor did I believe there could be anything [email protected] remotely charming about a huge iron tower. I am not interested in haute couture nor pastries and creamy cheeses. Having experienced the continued on page 2 1 continued from page 1 Another highlight for me was the Saint SALEM STATE WELL Chapelle, Marie Antoinette’s personal chapel. magic of Granada with the flowing fountains It has a variety of stained glass windows REPRESENTED AT MAFLA’S of the Alhambra and the fairy tale Moorish that take your breath away. The main level ANNUAL CONFERENCE. architecture of Andalucía, the green hills of has a Moorish feel to it… that may explain By Kristen Artinano, MAT/Spanish Spain’s northern coasts, the austere majestic why it was my favorite. I realize that the mountains of the Sierra Nevada and the graduate predominant architecture in Spain was incredible beaches of Spain’s Costa Blanca, built in the Middle Ages when Spain was The Massachusetts Foreign Language I did not think the city on both banks of the an empire and the influence of the Moors Association held its 44th Annual Conference Seine would enchant me. had left its linguistic and architectural mark. at the Sturbridge Host Hotel and Conference But, I was wrong. Very wrong. Paris was Paris has less of the Aladdin magical fairy Center from October 27- 29, 2011. Lisa Lilly, exquisite. Every corner I turned had incredibly tale tone because it flourished in the Sun 2010 ACTFL Teacher of the year, kicked off the beautiful and preserved buildings with King’s 17th century and the 18th century of conference with her exhilarating opening charming balconies and detailed stone work. Enlightenment. The latter century fostered session, Accentuate the Positive: Celebrate Salem State students and faculty at the MaFLA conference I have never been to a city that had so many freedom and social improvement and was Language Teaching. It was a powerful message Program and a final session on Saturday with today’s need to address students of miles of architecture of the same period. The instrumental in helping the United States with about spreading the word about foreign morning with MaFLA Past President and Salem diverse backgrounds in the Spanish language city was planned in such a way that many its own freedom. The unity and good planning language learning within your classroom, State Lecturer Dr. Kathy Lopez Natale called classroom. Dr. Kristine Doll and grads Jennifer beautiful landmarks can be seen from a variety of the city show the reflection of the Reason district and beyond. Conference participants Negotiating the Licensure Process. Quigly, Alba Santana, and Christina Berry of points. There were enough parks and green that century was known for. A side trip five were free to choose from more than 100 Friday morning’s concurrent session presented recent research in the fields of serene places to make me forget I was in a city. hours away to Mont St. Michel in Normandy sessions and workshops that piqued their offerings included a session by Salem State’s culture, language acquisition and technology The bridges across the Seine beckoned to be was also special. Mont St. Michel, named interest and helped to meet their professional Dr. Fátima Serra along with MAT grads Mary during their Friday afternoon session. crossed, all of them each with its own special after St. Michael, is an abbey which rises from development needs. This year’s conference Giordano, Katie Lyons and Alison Carigan Conference attendees had the opportunity characteristic. Paris is a city for walking. The the pinnacle of a rock surrounded by strong theme, “Languages Connect the World,” presented a session entitled Oral Proficiency to learn how to incorporate music into their numerous cafes offer respite when the feet tides, quicksand and howling winds. It was was one that inspired and re-energized all in and Culture in the Spanish Classroom. Their language teaching at Dr. Jon Aske’s Friday are weary. There are patisseries, boulangeries, built in 708 and is accessible only at low tide. attendance. presentation focused on how to use authentic afternoon session. Dr. Aske gave examples bistros, restaurants, and crêperies where one This gigantic structure with many towers, The conference drew nearly 900 language resources to engage students when studying of level and language appropriate lyrics and can sit to refresh and people-watch. belfries and labyrinthine passageways was professionals from across the region, among culture and diversity in the Spanish speaking technological tips on how to download songs The Eiffel Tower was actually one of my truly enchanting. them a host of professors as well as past and world as well as how to provide strategies and videos for easy classroom use. Also, on favorite spots. I thought the illumination would The people were warm and friendly, present MAT/Spanish students, many of whom to increase students’ oral proficiency. The Saturday morning, MAT in Spanish graduate seem tacky and too glitzy but it was actually especially the students who enjoyed presented at the conference. Dr. Nicole Sherf session was an overwhelming success and Dr. Sara Sansoucy presented a session called quite magical standing at the top looking out practicing their English and who were very presented four sessions at the conference. Serra shared, “our presentation was very well Connecting Upperclassmen to the Spanish onto the city of lights. From there one can patient with the tourists’ French. The wine, She organized a double session panel for attended and we engaged the audience in a Language Curriculum through Spanish Film see the Notre Dame, the Louvre, L’Hospital of course, was wonderful and as it turns out, department chairs on Friday morning called very dynamic discussion that continued even centered on the curricular materials for an des Invalides and the myriad palaces. La Rue relaxing in the shadow of the Notre Dame on those creamy cheeses and pastries were Languages Connect the World and Chairs after the presentation concluded.” interesting cinema focused-class she created Mouffetard in the Latin Quarter had at least the Ile de la Cite. Also in the Latin Quarter is divine! Connect Departments. She gave a session Friday afternoon’s workshops and at Hamilton Wenham High School. Also on twenty restaurants with a wonderful market the Pantheon. It is very special because some So, faced with a choice of a free trip to Friday afternoon with a friend, Daniel Bouvier concurrent sessions also featured familiar faces Saturday, Dr. Aske gave a second presentation at the bottom of the hill. The Latin Quarter is of the world’s greatest thinkers are buried Paris or Madrid, would I have a difficulty in of Monument Mountain Regional High School, from Salem State. Dr. Kenneth Reeds offered on the use of English-Spanish cognates to the student quarter because many colleges are there: Rousseau, Voltaire, Hugo and Marie choosing? Absolutely. Yet, choosing between called Advocacy Tools for Developing and Cartoons and Art: Linking Language Students promote language learning. located there. I also spent hours reading and n Curie, to mention just a few. Spain and France? A hispanophile, I remain. Maintaining an Elementary Foreign Language to a Larger World, a two-part workshop dealing continued on page 12

¿QUÉ PASA? QUOI DE NEUF? NOVITÀ? DEPARTMENT NEWS ABOUNDS

Foreign languages welcomes two new faculty members: Spencer Language Association (MaFLA) and four undergraduate Spanish Wolf, who started teaching German in the fall semester and Congmin majors also attended the conference. The MaFLA conference is an Zhao will be teaching Chinese, starting in the spring semester. annual three-day event where language teachers meet to network, The French, Spanish and Italian clubs have been active this share ideas, and learn about new trends in foreign language semester hosting movie nights and excursions to restaurants. The teaching. Faculty presented papers on Latin American cinema at Chinese program also offered a “Dumpling Workshop” which not the New England Council on Latin American Studies’ 2011 Annual only educated, but also fed a large number of people (salemstate. Fall Conference at Dartmouth College and on advocating foreign edu/academics/schools/23040.php). The clubs are looking for new language learning at the American Council on the Teaching of members! Sign up for their mailing lists and/or Facebook pages Foreign Languages in Denver, Colorado. For more information here: http://goo.gl/B7695. about the presentations, go here: salemstate.edu/academics/ This fall, Dr. Blood and Dr. Duclos-Orsello (interdisciplinary schools/19247.php. studies) gave public walking tours of “Franco-American Salem,” A representative of the Education Office of the Spanish Italian Club dinner, Spring 2011 which included locations in the Point, on Lower Lafayette Street and Embassy came to talk with the SSU community in November in the Central Business District. The tour explored the immigration about opportunities to teach in Spain. Those who are interested of French-Canadians to Salem and the lasting impact this population in the chance to earn money and experience by teaching in either has had on the cultural, social, political and economic development Spain or Italy should contact Dr. Serra. For more information, visit of the city of Salem from the late 19th century through the present salemstate.edu/academics/schools/23077.php day. The two professors are still working on an oral history project Summer Study Abroad: Start planning your summer adventure on Franco-Americans from Salem and will develop Franco-American now! Earn 6 credits for one month abroad in Costa Rica (Spanish), Studies courses next year. You can see some of the materials they Oviedo (Spanish), Québec (French), or Tuscany (Italian)! Find out have developed here: http://lrc.salemstate.edu/frenchsalem. more about our department’s summer study abroad programs at Ten faculty and six graduate students from foreign languages salemstate.edu/languages. presented at the October 2011 meeting of the Massachusetts Foreign Students at the Chinese Dumpling Workshop, Fall 2011 2 3 “NEVER BELIEVE THAT A alguna vez fue pobre, y ofrecen contribuciones IL MIO DESTINO… a la gente necesitada. FEW CARING PEOPLE CAN’T Tengo el deseo de ayudar a los jóvenes BERGAMO CHANGE THE WORLD. FOR, pobres de mi país y lo quiero hacer por By Rayanne Menery, Instructor of Italian medio de la educación. Una buena educación INDEED, THAT’S ALL WHO When I was a college student, I changed my escolar no solo tiene el poder de facilitar major several times and still was not sure what EVER HAVE.” un trabajo estable sino de crear interés en I wanted to do upon graduation. I was fortunate cosas que mejoran nuestro mundo, como la – MARGARET MEAD enough to have studied languages and knew naturaleza, los niños, los avances tecnológicos By Rosario Barzola that I would always do something with my y la salud. A través de la educación los This is Rosario Barzola’s winning language skills. My father, also a polyglot, niños pueden descubrir todos sus talentos y submission for the 2011 HOPE Award wanted me to travel abroad when I finished my potencial. Una vez que los niños conozcan studies to develop more fully my Italian. He sus capacidades y desarrollen sus habilidades Cuando yo era niña veía en las calles learned about a couple, Francesca and Bruno, tienen la herramienta, que es su educación o cerca a mi casa en Lima, Perú, niños pobres who ended up changing my life forever. aprendizaje, para optimizar su estilo de vida. mendigando dinero y comida. Siempre me I went to a small medieval town, Bergamo, La educación ayuda a los niños a tener metas sentí afligida por ellos y poco a poco los llegué Italy about forty minutes from Milan a few en que enfocarse y así ser menos vulnerables a a querer por su inocencia y humildad. Así weeks after my graduation. It was there I would involucrarse con pandillas o grupos criminales. Rosario Barzola receives her award nació mi pasión por ayudar a la gente pobre, develop my Italian, help Francesca with her También los niños con educación escolar son en especial a los jóvenes necesitados de mi English, and deepen my love for the Italian menos propensos que los que no la tienen a país. Al comienzo era difícil creer en mí misma, culture. I spent the next few years with this Foreign languages annually awards contraer enfermedades como el SIDA porque en mi poder para ayudar a estos niños pero Italian couple, who treated me as if I were their the HOPE Award to a language major or han sido instruidos sobre temas de la salud. luego entendí que mi esfuerzo y determinación own flesh and blood. I slowly got over my minor who writes an essay responding El efecto que tiene la educación escolar bastan para mejorar la vida de estos niños, por sense of shyness and ventured out as much as to a quotation meant to explore the en la vida de los niños me motiva a trabajar lo menos de algunos de ellos. possible in this small town. Francesca would relationship between community para colaborar con la educación de los niños Varias veces cuando hablaba con mi familia give me shopping lists and I would speak with service, education, and leadership; de mis planes para ayudar a los niños pobres pobres de mi país. Este año tengo intención the locals. I was the only American in town so my teaching skills. I had a job at a local school I stayed in Bergamo for another three de mi país, la primera reacción que recibía de viajar a la provincia de Jauja en Perú, donde particularly in the context of how these everyone tried to speak to me in “American.” in a week. I was teaching aged 2-80, including years teaching, and eventually opening up the era “hay demasiada pobreza en el país, nunca nacieron mis padres. Mi plan es trabajar can improve the world. The essay After several months, my forty year-old father, kindergartners and high-school students. I American School with Francesca. If I did not podrás ayudar a todos”. Sus opiniones eran de voluntaria como profesora sustituta para can be written in English or any of who was the original driving force behind knew my father would be so happy that I was meet this couple, or my father did not influence pesimistas pero viendo mi sueño de ayudar una escuela de bajos recursos en Jauja. De the languages that are taught by the my Italian experience, was diagnosed with teaching and I was happy to be in this town me to go, I would not have become a teacher. a los niños pobres desde un punto de vista esta manera contribuiré a la enseñanza de department. terminal cancer. It was the longest flight home with two of the nicest people one could ever I returned to America as I decided my new positivo me doy cuenta de que ayudar a los niños y al mismo tiempo me familiarizaré The prize is $100 and publication of in my life. I stayed with my father for the year meet. destino would be to teach Italian in America. I un solo niño pobre tiene gran importancia con la organización de la escuela para así and produced a smile when I would speak I enjoyed walking around the streets of got a job the first week after I returned home, the winning essay in Lingua Franca. simplemente porque es una vida inocente. adquirir nuevas ideas que ayuden a mejorar la Italian to him in his hospital room. After my Bergamo with the cobblestones and small went back to school to become a certified The 2011 winner was Rosario Barzola Hoy creo que puedo hacer algo para que educación en esta escuela. father passed away, I was able to return to store fronts and hearing the “Bergamasco” teacher, and have been happily teaching at who wrote in response to a quote by cambien las cosas en el mundo ayudando a Entiendo que toma esfuerzo y tiempo Italy to stay with relatives in Rome. Francesca dialect, smelling the aromas of the polenta Gloucester High School for eighteen years, and Margaret Mead (see below) about her mejorar la vida de algunos niños pobres. Estoy hacer algo caritativo por el mundo, pero es and Bruno, came to visit me and asked me to cooking as the little old ladies would hang out at Salem State University for the last ten. I am desire to return to Perú, her country of convencida de que no se necesita un proyecto posible. Creo que tengo la motivación para return to Bergamo, the quaint town in which I the tablecloth, and soak it all in. Bergamo is still close to Francesa and Bruno, and feel they asociado con mucho dinero para cambiar el trabajar como voluntaria en mi país y en birth, and dedicate herself to helping in was the only American. People would walk up divided by the Alps into two sections, Città Alta are my Italian surrogate parents now. I am so mundo sino solo determinación y entusiasmo. todos los demás países donde pueda llegar. schools. to me and say “I know English, my cat is blue.” (the high city,) and Città Bassa (the low city). It lucky to have found my Destino. Bergamo will La cita de Margaret Mead expresa una realidad Mi motivación es mi fe en que unas cuantas Please keep a look out for this year’s Francesca put an advertisement in the paper is a town off the beaten track, and one worth a always be a place near and dear to me. Find encantadora. La verdad es que basta un par personas comunes somos suficientes para HOPE Award Essay Contest which will for me to start tutoring in English as I had visit. It is a quick train ride from the Milan train your own Bergamo, find your own “destino.” de personas dedicadas para lograr un cambio cambiar el mundo. En fin, creo que yo puedo have a $150 prize and will be due decided it was my destiny to stay in Bergamo, station, with trains leaving every 30 minutes. Study languages as you never know where positivo en el mundo. Existen gobiernos ricos ayudar a mejorar el mundo porque mi deseo y March 1, 2012. and Francesca decided I was going to utilize they will take you. n que por egoísmo se niegan a ayudar a la gente dedicación son los primeros pasos para tener más necesitada. Por otro lado, hay gente un impacto positivo en la vida de algunos niños común que observa la pobreza día a día o que que no han tenido la misma suerte que yo. n SALEM STATE FOREIGN LANGUAGES STUDENTS PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN THE CITY OF SALEM’S WORK WITH THE HISPANIC COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL PHOTO CONTEST By Kristine Doll, foreign languages merit and certificates were given to the Mayor, “The Salem State students have played an 2011 AND 2012 COA Director Doug Bollen and Assistant absolutely vital role in our work with Spanish- Thank you to all who participated in the sixth edition of International Photo The Salem Council on Aging was recently Director Bill Woolley. speaking senior citizens,” said the 58-year-old Contest by Foreign Languages. honored by the city’s Hispanic community for “The principles of Duarte are still of vital Woolley, who initiated the outreach program. 47 photos were officially entered in the contest this year by people its efforts to reach out to and serve Hispanic importance today,” said Mendez, addressing “Without their investment of time and energy, associated with Salem State University. 12 pictures were selected to appear in senior citizens. the predominantly Hispanic audience. “We I’d probably have abandoned our efforts a long the 2010-2011 calendar. Approximately seventy people crowded want to honor those people who support those time ago.” If you would like to order a copy (or more) of the paper calendar, call the dining room at the Senior Center for values of morality, civility and justice.” Beginning in 2008, foreign languages 978.542.6258 or email [email protected]. a ceremony during which the Bolivarian The event was of great significance to the established an internship at the COA as part In addition to the 2011-2012 academic calendar, this year we will also be Dominican Union of Journalists recognized Hispanic community, especially Dominicans, of its community placements course, which making a second batch of calendars for 2012 with the same photographs. They the COA staff and Mayor Kimberley Driscoll. who have benefitted from the COA’s focuses on community service. Two foreign make great presents for the holidays. The calendar is sold at cost for only $8. The event was held Sunday, Nov. 6, 2011, to determination to accommodate them as part languages’ students helped launch the COA’s To view all of this year’s entries and the winners, go to this page: coincide with the anniversary of the adoption of an ongoing outreach program that started Hispanic outreach program. They were among http://lrc.salemstate.edu/pictures/ipc2011 of the Dominican Constitution. three years ago. a handful of people, including Salem Mayor Send us your photographs for next year’s contest. José Mendez, representing the Union, At every turn, Spanish-language student- Kimberley Driscoll, who went door to door in Learn all about it here: salemstate.edu/academics/schools/11879.php presented a framed portrait of Juan Pablo interns from Salem State University’s foreign the point to meet and talk to Spanish-speaking Laughing Buddha, by Mari Ni, IPC 2010 Contact Jon Aske if you have any questions. Duarte, revered founding father of the languages department have contributed to the senior citizens, while also visiting Hispanic Dominican Republic, to the COA. Medals of program’s success. churches and businesses. continued on page 6 4 5 “NEVER BELIEVE THAT A alguna vez fue pobre, y ofrecen contribuciones IL MIO DESTINO… a la gente necesitada. FEW CARING PEOPLE CAN’T Tengo el deseo de ayudar a los jóvenes BERGAMO CHANGE THE WORLD. FOR, pobres de mi país y lo quiero hacer por By Rayanne Menery, Instructor of Italian medio de la educación. Una buena educación INDEED, THAT’S ALL WHO When I was a college student, I changed my escolar no solo tiene el poder de facilitar major several times and still was not sure what EVER HAVE.” un trabajo estable sino de crear interés en I wanted to do upon graduation. I was fortunate cosas que mejoran nuestro mundo, como la – MARGARET MEAD enough to have studied languages and knew naturaleza, los niños, los avances tecnológicos By Rosario Barzola that I would always do something with my y la salud. A través de la educación los This is Rosario Barzola’s winning language skills. My father, also a polyglot, niños pueden descubrir todos sus talentos y submission for the 2011 HOPE Award wanted me to travel abroad when I finished my potencial. Una vez que los niños conozcan studies to develop more fully my Italian. He sus capacidades y desarrollen sus habilidades Cuando yo era niña veía en las calles learned about a couple, Francesca and Bruno, tienen la herramienta, que es su educación o cerca a mi casa en Lima, Perú, niños pobres who ended up changing my life forever. aprendizaje, para optimizar su estilo de vida. mendigando dinero y comida. Siempre me I went to a small medieval town, Bergamo, La educación ayuda a los niños a tener metas sentí afligida por ellos y poco a poco los llegué Italy about forty minutes from Milan a few en que enfocarse y así ser menos vulnerables a a querer por su inocencia y humildad. Así weeks after my graduation. It was there I would involucrarse con pandillas o grupos criminales. Rosario Barzola receives her award nació mi pasión por ayudar a la gente pobre, develop my Italian, help Francesca with her También los niños con educación escolar son en especial a los jóvenes necesitados de mi English, and deepen my love for the Italian menos propensos que los que no la tienen a país. Al comienzo era difícil creer en mí misma, culture. I spent the next few years with this Foreign languages annually awards contraer enfermedades como el SIDA porque en mi poder para ayudar a estos niños pero Italian couple, who treated me as if I were their the HOPE Award to a language major or han sido instruidos sobre temas de la salud. luego entendí que mi esfuerzo y determinación own flesh and blood. I slowly got over my minor who writes an essay responding El efecto que tiene la educación escolar bastan para mejorar la vida de estos niños, por sense of shyness and ventured out as much as to a quotation meant to explore the en la vida de los niños me motiva a trabajar lo menos de algunos de ellos. possible in this small town. Francesca would relationship between community para colaborar con la educación de los niños Varias veces cuando hablaba con mi familia give me shopping lists and I would speak with service, education, and leadership; de mis planes para ayudar a los niños pobres pobres de mi país. Este año tengo intención the locals. I was the only American in town so my teaching skills. I had a job at a local school I stayed in Bergamo for another three de mi país, la primera reacción que recibía de viajar a la provincia de Jauja en Perú, donde particularly in the context of how these everyone tried to speak to me in “American.” in a week. I was teaching aged 2-80, including years teaching, and eventually opening up the era “hay demasiada pobreza en el país, nunca nacieron mis padres. Mi plan es trabajar can improve the world. The essay After several months, my forty year-old father, kindergartners and high-school students. I American School with Francesca. If I did not podrás ayudar a todos”. Sus opiniones eran de voluntaria como profesora sustituta para can be written in English or any of who was the original driving force behind knew my father would be so happy that I was meet this couple, or my father did not influence pesimistas pero viendo mi sueño de ayudar una escuela de bajos recursos en Jauja. De the languages that are taught by the my Italian experience, was diagnosed with teaching and I was happy to be in this town me to go, I would not have become a teacher. a los niños pobres desde un punto de vista esta manera contribuiré a la enseñanza de department. terminal cancer. It was the longest flight home with two of the nicest people one could ever I returned to America as I decided my new positivo me doy cuenta de que ayudar a los niños y al mismo tiempo me familiarizaré The prize is $100 and publication of in my life. I stayed with my father for the year meet. destino would be to teach Italian in America. I un solo niño pobre tiene gran importancia con la organización de la escuela para así and produced a smile when I would speak I enjoyed walking around the streets of got a job the first week after I returned home, the winning essay in Lingua Franca. simplemente porque es una vida inocente. adquirir nuevas ideas que ayuden a mejorar la Italian to him in his hospital room. After my Bergamo with the cobblestones and small went back to school to become a certified The 2011 winner was Rosario Barzola Hoy creo que puedo hacer algo para que educación en esta escuela. father passed away, I was able to return to store fronts and hearing the “Bergamasco” teacher, and have been happily teaching at who wrote in response to a quote by cambien las cosas en el mundo ayudando a Entiendo que toma esfuerzo y tiempo Italy to stay with relatives in Rome. Francesca dialect, smelling the aromas of the polenta Gloucester High School for eighteen years, and Margaret Mead (see below) about her mejorar la vida de algunos niños pobres. Estoy hacer algo caritativo por el mundo, pero es and Bruno, came to visit me and asked me to cooking as the little old ladies would hang out at Salem State University for the last ten. I am desire to return to Perú, her country of convencida de que no se necesita un proyecto posible. Creo que tengo la motivación para return to Bergamo, the quaint town in which I the tablecloth, and soak it all in. Bergamo is still close to Francesa and Bruno, and feel they asociado con mucho dinero para cambiar el trabajar como voluntaria en mi país y en birth, and dedicate herself to helping in was the only American. People would walk up divided by the Alps into two sections, Città Alta are my Italian surrogate parents now. I am so mundo sino solo determinación y entusiasmo. todos los demás países donde pueda llegar. schools. to me and say “I know English, my cat is blue.” (the high city,) and Città Bassa (the low city). It lucky to have found my Destino. Bergamo will La cita de Margaret Mead expresa una realidad Mi motivación es mi fe en que unas cuantas Please keep a look out for this year’s Francesca put an advertisement in the paper is a town off the beaten track, and one worth a always be a place near and dear to me. Find encantadora. La verdad es que basta un par personas comunes somos suficientes para HOPE Award Essay Contest which will for me to start tutoring in English as I had visit. It is a quick train ride from the Milan train your own Bergamo, find your own “destino.” de personas dedicadas para lograr un cambio cambiar el mundo. En fin, creo que yo puedo have a $150 prize and will be due decided it was my destiny to stay in Bergamo, station, with trains leaving every 30 minutes. Study languages as you never know where positivo en el mundo. Existen gobiernos ricos ayudar a mejorar el mundo porque mi deseo y March 1, 2012. and Francesca decided I was going to utilize they will take you. n que por egoísmo se niegan a ayudar a la gente dedicación son los primeros pasos para tener más necesitada. Por otro lado, hay gente un impacto positivo en la vida de algunos niños común que observa la pobreza día a día o que que no han tenido la misma suerte que yo. n SALEM STATE FOREIGN LANGUAGES STUDENTS PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN THE CITY OF SALEM’S WORK WITH THE HISPANIC COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL PHOTO CONTEST By Kristine Doll, foreign languages merit and certificates were given to the Mayor, “The Salem State students have played an 2011 AND 2012 COA Director Doug Bollen and Assistant absolutely vital role in our work with Spanish- Thank you to all who participated in the sixth edition of International Photo The Salem Council on Aging was recently Director Bill Woolley. speaking senior citizens,” said the 58-year-old Contest by Foreign Languages. honored by the city’s Hispanic community for “The principles of Duarte are still of vital Woolley, who initiated the outreach program. 47 photos were officially entered in the contest this year by people its efforts to reach out to and serve Hispanic importance today,” said Mendez, addressing “Without their investment of time and energy, associated with Salem State University. 12 pictures were selected to appear in senior citizens. the predominantly Hispanic audience. “We I’d probably have abandoned our efforts a long the 2010-2011 calendar. Approximately seventy people crowded want to honor those people who support those time ago.” If you would like to order a copy (or more) of the paper calendar, call the dining room at the Senior Center for values of morality, civility and justice.” Beginning in 2008, foreign languages 978.542.6258 or email [email protected]. a ceremony during which the Bolivarian The event was of great significance to the established an internship at the COA as part In addition to the 2011-2012 academic calendar, this year we will also be Dominican Union of Journalists recognized Hispanic community, especially Dominicans, of its community placements course, which making a second batch of calendars for 2012 with the same photographs. They the COA staff and Mayor Kimberley Driscoll. who have benefitted from the COA’s focuses on community service. Two foreign make great presents for the holidays. The calendar is sold at cost for only $8. The event was held Sunday, Nov. 6, 2011, to determination to accommodate them as part languages’ students helped launch the COA’s To view all of this year’s entries and the winners, go to this page: coincide with the anniversary of the adoption of an ongoing outreach program that started Hispanic outreach program. They were among http://lrc.salemstate.edu/pictures/ipc2011 of the Dominican Constitution. three years ago. a handful of people, including Salem Mayor Send us your photographs for next year’s contest. José Mendez, representing the Union, At every turn, Spanish-language student- Kimberley Driscoll, who went door to door in Learn all about it here: salemstate.edu/academics/schools/11879.php presented a framed portrait of Juan Pablo interns from Salem State University’s foreign the point to meet and talk to Spanish-speaking Laughing Buddha, by Mari Ni, IPC 2010 Contact Jon Aske if you have any questions. Duarte, revered founding father of the languages department have contributed to the senior citizens, while also visiting Hispanic Dominican Republic, to the COA. Medals of program’s success. churches and businesses. continued on page 6 4 5 The first year of the COA’s outreach program, citizens attend COA functions (which include They help me with my Italian and I help them sometime we have to use an online translator. twice. The first time was a concert with music which included valuable contributions from fiestas featuring Latino-style food and music), with English. Today they are taking me to meet It gets easier every day. by Brahms and Bartok and I went with some five SSU foreign languages’ students, yielded depend on COA vans for rides and eat lunches the grandparents. I did not want to go at first On Friday, I went to both schools that I other American students. The second time discouraging results. Only with encouragement served at the Senior Center, as well as through because I am worried that I do not speak well will be working at and met the other English was on Thursday night with one of the other from one bilingual volunteer senior citizen, a home-delivered meals program. enough, but they said it is not important. I will teachers. They are wonderful! They all gave me teachers from my school. She and her husband along with another invitation from Dr. Kristine “We’re still not reaching as many Hispanic write more about my initial experience as soon their phone numbers and I am supposed to heard that I studied music and like opera, so Doll to recruit SSU interns from another of her senior citizens as we’d like to, but we’re as I can, but I wanted to tell you all is well and call them if I need anything, no matter what it they wanted to take me to see something. classes, was the effort extended. welcoming more every week and our Senior I am happy! is. Between the 5 of them and Giulia it is like The only thing I knew beforehand was that it having six mothers! They gave me my work was Der Rosenkavalier by Strauss. What I did “In my mind, I’d given up,” said Woolley. “I Center population of guests has become much SEPTEMBER 25, 2011 felt we’d done as much as we could to welcome more representative of the City’s demographics schedule and it is very light. They didn’t want not know is that they had box seats. I was in Ciao! I am enjoying my time in Italy so far. Hispanic senior citizens to take advantage of as a whole,” said Woolley. me to be stressed. I will work twelve hours a heaven. I loved the music. The other teacher Now that I am settled I can write in detail about COA programs and services. After that first This fall, a fiesta held at the Senior Center, week, with 2 or 3 one hour classes 5 days a and her husband were great company. It is my experience so far. year, I had convinced myself to be content was facilitated by the support of SSU intern week. We also discussed my lesson content. something I think I will never forget. I left my home on September 21 to come that we’d made a good-faith effort that simply Cherie Mann. A few weeks later, the November I get as much, if not more, input as the other I also have started to realize that I am not to a small city in northern Italy. At first I was failed.” event honoring the Salem COA was emceed by teachers do about what I would like to teach. as alone here as I thought I was. There is quite overwhelmed, but now I love it! I live in With two more SSU interns on board in SSU intern Fay Ventouris and photographed Yesterday my host family took me on a bike another American in the same city and we an apartment in Legnano with a lovely family. the fall of 2009, however, a comeback was by SSU intern Jacquie Turner. An account of tour of Legnano. I haven’t been on a bike since have been talking a lot. We tend to check in The parents are Giulia and Ezio. They have two about to begin. Efforts were renewed to find the proceedings was published in Spanish- I was 14! If the rest of my days here are like with each other every couple of days to find daughters, Giulia and Sophia. From the first Hispanic senior citizens, determine their needs language newspapers El Mundo, La Semana this I will be very happy here. I will write more out how things are. The teachers I work with moment they have treated me as a member and break down language barriers. Woolley, and Siglo 21. when I can. are fantastic. They have all given me their cell of their family. Communication is a little himself, began taking Spanish classes through At the conclusion of that event, Woolley said phone numbers in case I need anything. And difficult but we make it work. I speak as much OCTOBER 25, 2011 North Shore Community College and secured in his speech: my host family is the best I could have Italian as I can. Sometimes Ezio translates Hello! I have been one very lucky woman grant funding to hire a part-time bilingual “We set out, three years ago, to give asked for. n for me because he speaks some English and this week. I went to La Scala not once but receptionist at the Senior Center. opportunities to Hispanic senior citizens, but I The Salem State foreign languages’ interns never imagined how much we would receive kept coming, semester after semester, and in return – the friendship of people whose ARABIC AND THE POLITICS significant period of time, this language begins with linguistic criteria and more to do with the were joined by bilingual student volunteers warmth and kindness have had an undeniably to mutate and diverge, evolving gradually into fact that the Netherlands and Germany are from Salem High School, as well as new-found positive influence on this place. OF LANGUAGE two or more “species” that, with time, become recognized as separate national entities. On the supporters from The Point Neighborhood “We know there are walls between people By Joseph Hitti, Arabic and French dialects, and eventually different languages other hand, and within a single political entity, Association and other leaders in the Hispanic everywhere, differences that will divide us if instructor that are unintelligible. In biological evolution, there is a dominant language that represses community. we allow them to. There are walls of language, this process is referred to as “speciation”. In the other “dialects”, as is the case with Parisian An abbreviated Spanish version of the COA’s walls of color, walls of culture and walls of The Arab world spreads all the way from the other words, geographic isolation leads with French (since Paris is the center of political monthly newsletter began to be circulated, heritage. However, we have simply decided Arabian Peninsula to Morocco in the north- time to members of one species becoming power) dominating all the other “dialects” like information in Spanish was posted online, calls that, in this place and in our hearts, those walls east of the African continent. Supposedly all unable to breed, thus forming a new species. Alsatian, Provençal, Breton, etc. were made, relationships were nurtured and will not divide us. As a result, those whose the inhabitants of the many countries in this The question then is: What determines In the Arabic-speaking world, an identical friendships were created. lives we first sought to enrich, have enriched area speak the same language, Arabic. Still, when a dialect becomes another language? In evolutionary process has been ongoing for Today, more than 100 Hispanic senior our own immeasurably.” n the reality is a bit more complicated. Arab biology, a new species is recognized when its some time, but the revolutionary component societies are what linguists call diglossic. That members can no longer breed with the other needed to lead to a similar outcome has yet means that in these societies people need to members of the species. In language, there to obtain. When the Muslim armies emerged TEACHING EXPERIENCE JULY 27, 2011 that lives in an apartment near the school. know two different “species” of a language, in is no such “breeding” criterion to guide us. from the Arabian Peninsula in about 630 A.D. to She says they are sectioning off part of their ( يمالسإا حتفلا) ”Hi Anna! I am sorry it has taken me so this case Arabic, in order to be fully functional: As an example, Dutch and German are today undertake the “al-fatH al-Islami IN ITALY living room to make a bedroom for me and I’ll also recognized as separate languages even as they – the Islamic conquest) they brought with them) (ىحصفلا) long to email you with an update, although I a formal language called fusHa Kathryn D. O’Connell in Lombardy have more information now than I did at the have my own bathroom because there are 2 known as standard or classical) which everyone are arguably similar enough to be viewed—by the Arabic language. In the various lands they By Anna Rocca beginning of the summer. in the apartment. I believe I’ll be staying there learns at school, reads in newspapers, or uses linguists—as dialects of one and the same came to occupy, both those that make up the First, I’ll be leaving in the evening on the entire time I’m in Italy, which will be nice in presentation mode (speeches, lectures, language. The answer, therefore, in my opinion, “Arab world” today and those that don’t, they Leaving home to study or work in a foreign September 21 and arriving in Milan just before so I don’t have sermons, newscasts, etc.), and an informal is fundamentally a political one. encountered local languages, some related to country can be an emotionally complicated to worry about also When the European continent was at Arabic (Aramaic, Syriac, Amharic....) and others) (ةيماعلا) noon on the 22. I will have a few days to get language called ‘aammiyya experience. It is normal to look forward to the settled and then start work on September 26. adjusting to new known as colloquial, vernacular, or a dialect) the height of its Dark Ages, Latin was the unrelated to it (Berber, Amazigh, Persian, travel with anticipatory nervousness and, as The school I’ll be at in Legnano is a middle places twice. which people use at home and in the street for political language. A long Roman occupation Hindi, Turkic, etc.). As the Arab Muslim Empire the messages below attest, acclimation can be school. I will have 6 lessons (one every other The only interpersonal communication, and to express had imposed Latin as the language of the consolidated its dominance over these various an unexpected and wonderful process. Kathryn week) with the second years and 12 (one every thing I am really identity, intimacy and emotions. elites: The Church, the nobility, and the lands, the local languages were hybridized with O’Connell graduated in 2011 with a major in week) with the third years. For the younger nervous about While fusHa is in theory common to all educated scientists, clergymen, and scholars, Arabic and so began the evolution of today’s music and minor in foreign languages (French group, I’ll be their first exposure to a native right now is countries of the Arab world, ‘aammiyya varies i.e. the holders of political power. In the Arabic “dialects” or the various ‘aammiyya. As and Italian). Thanks to her academic excellence English speaker from what I understand. getting a visa. to different extents from country to country. streets, however, people continued to speak with the European case, Arabic was instituted she was inducted into the International Foreign After I am done there I am hoping to come But the teacher Two individuals from, say, Iraq and Morocco, their vernaculars onto which were grafted as the official language of the political elites – Language Honor Society Phi Sigma Iota and home for Christmas so I can at least see my in Legnano said speaking strictly in their dialects would be elements of Latin. It took a long time, and nobility, scientists and scholars, the religious was offered an eight-month teaching fellowship she has emailed mother and my boyfriend, then go back so I can Kathryn D. O’Connell largely unintelligible to one another, unless social and political upheavals, before these establishment. As was the case with Latin, in Italy during the 2011-2012 academic year. work the school in Busto Arsizio. That school the program to they inject elements of formal Arabic into local “dialects” managed to emerge from there was a proscription in the Arab-Muslim The Future Teachers of Italian in the US will be a high school and I’m not entirely sure ask specifically what the process is and then the conversation. The local dialects of every under the dominance of Latin. Between the world against praying in languages other than program brought her to work in two schools about the details there yet. I’m waiting for the will pass the information on to me. Other than country and region are hybrids consisting of 1400s and the late 1700s, Europe underwent Arabic, and to this day, Muslims in as far apart in the Lombardy region. Kathryn summarized teacher I’ll be working with there to get back that, I’m starting to figure out what I’d like my the pre-Arabic language (Aramaic, Coptic, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the as China and the Americas have to learn – and her experience by stating that “I would like from vacation. But I do know I’ll be able to lessons to be about. I know what the intern in Amazigh, Assyrian, etc.) spoken prior to the Reformation, the discovery of the Americas, pray in – Arabic. people to know it is not easy, but it is worth come home the first week in June. I’ll be done Legnano did last year so I’m using that as a Islamic conquest, overlaid by Arabic and and the French Revolution, all of which led to The difference between the European-Latin it!” Kathryn and I have kept up a lively email at the end of May, but he suggested I stay for a guide. other languages that came in contact with the the separation of Church and State and, along model on one hand, and the Arab-Arabic conversation over the past months and she few days and wait for my last bit of pay. SEPTEMBER 24, 2011 specific country during its history (Turkish, with political change, to the emancipation of model on the other, is that while Europe has is happy to share her experience with Lingua The teacher I’ll be with in Legnano arranged Persian, Kurdish, French, English, Italian, etc...). I have to admit, I was worried for nothing. the dialects into official national languages. nearly completed the process of emancipating Franca. The following are excerpts from her housing for me. I’ll be staying with a family In the natural course of language evolution, The host family is wonderful and very kind. The reason why today Dutch and German are the dialects into national languages, the Arab emails in chronological order: if people who speak one language become considered different languages has less to do world remains at the onset of such a process. 6 geographically isolated from one another for a continued on page 12 7 The first year of the COA’s outreach program, citizens attend COA functions (which include They help me with my Italian and I help them sometime we have to use an online translator. twice. The first time was a concert with music which included valuable contributions from fiestas featuring Latino-style food and music), with English. Today they are taking me to meet It gets easier every day. by Brahms and Bartok and I went with some five SSU foreign languages’ students, yielded depend on COA vans for rides and eat lunches the grandparents. I did not want to go at first On Friday, I went to both schools that I other American students. The second time discouraging results. Only with encouragement served at the Senior Center, as well as through because I am worried that I do not speak well will be working at and met the other English was on Thursday night with one of the other from one bilingual volunteer senior citizen, a home-delivered meals program. enough, but they said it is not important. I will teachers. They are wonderful! They all gave me teachers from my school. She and her husband along with another invitation from Dr. Kristine “We’re still not reaching as many Hispanic write more about my initial experience as soon their phone numbers and I am supposed to heard that I studied music and like opera, so Doll to recruit SSU interns from another of her senior citizens as we’d like to, but we’re as I can, but I wanted to tell you all is well and call them if I need anything, no matter what it they wanted to take me to see something. classes, was the effort extended. welcoming more every week and our Senior I am happy! is. Between the 5 of them and Giulia it is like The only thing I knew beforehand was that it having six mothers! They gave me my work was Der Rosenkavalier by Strauss. What I did “In my mind, I’d given up,” said Woolley. “I Center population of guests has become much SEPTEMBER 25, 2011 felt we’d done as much as we could to welcome more representative of the City’s demographics schedule and it is very light. They didn’t want not know is that they had box seats. I was in Ciao! I am enjoying my time in Italy so far. Hispanic senior citizens to take advantage of as a whole,” said Woolley. me to be stressed. I will work twelve hours a heaven. I loved the music. The other teacher Now that I am settled I can write in detail about COA programs and services. After that first This fall, a fiesta held at the Senior Center, week, with 2 or 3 one hour classes 5 days a and her husband were great company. It is my experience so far. year, I had convinced myself to be content was facilitated by the support of SSU intern week. We also discussed my lesson content. something I think I will never forget. I left my home on September 21 to come that we’d made a good-faith effort that simply Cherie Mann. A few weeks later, the November I get as much, if not more, input as the other I also have started to realize that I am not to a small city in northern Italy. At first I was failed.” event honoring the Salem COA was emceed by teachers do about what I would like to teach. as alone here as I thought I was. There is quite overwhelmed, but now I love it! I live in With two more SSU interns on board in SSU intern Fay Ventouris and photographed Yesterday my host family took me on a bike another American in the same city and we an apartment in Legnano with a lovely family. the fall of 2009, however, a comeback was by SSU intern Jacquie Turner. An account of tour of Legnano. I haven’t been on a bike since have been talking a lot. We tend to check in The parents are Giulia and Ezio. They have two about to begin. Efforts were renewed to find the proceedings was published in Spanish- I was 14! If the rest of my days here are like with each other every couple of days to find daughters, Giulia and Sophia. From the first Hispanic senior citizens, determine their needs language newspapers El Mundo, La Semana this I will be very happy here. I will write more out how things are. The teachers I work with moment they have treated me as a member and break down language barriers. Woolley, and Siglo 21. when I can. are fantastic. They have all given me their cell of their family. Communication is a little himself, began taking Spanish classes through At the conclusion of that event, Woolley said phone numbers in case I need anything. And difficult but we make it work. I speak as much OCTOBER 25, 2011 North Shore Community College and secured in his speech: my host family is the best I could have Italian as I can. Sometimes Ezio translates Hello! I have been one very lucky woman grant funding to hire a part-time bilingual “We set out, three years ago, to give asked for. n for me because he speaks some English and this week. I went to La Scala not once but receptionist at the Senior Center. opportunities to Hispanic senior citizens, but I The Salem State foreign languages’ interns never imagined how much we would receive kept coming, semester after semester, and in return – the friendship of people whose ARABIC AND THE POLITICS significant period of time, this language begins with linguistic criteria and more to do with the were joined by bilingual student volunteers warmth and kindness have had an undeniably to mutate and diverge, evolving gradually into fact that the Netherlands and Germany are from Salem High School, as well as new-found positive influence on this place. OF LANGUAGE two or more “species” that, with time, become recognized as separate national entities. On the supporters from The Point Neighborhood “We know there are walls between people By Joseph Hitti, Arabic and French dialects, and eventually different languages other hand, and within a single political entity, Association and other leaders in the Hispanic everywhere, differences that will divide us if instructor that are unintelligible. In biological evolution, there is a dominant language that represses community. we allow them to. There are walls of language, this process is referred to as “speciation”. In the other “dialects”, as is the case with Parisian An abbreviated Spanish version of the COA’s walls of color, walls of culture and walls of The Arab world spreads all the way from the other words, geographic isolation leads with French (since Paris is the center of political monthly newsletter began to be circulated, heritage. However, we have simply decided Arabian Peninsula to Morocco in the north- time to members of one species becoming power) dominating all the other “dialects” like information in Spanish was posted online, calls that, in this place and in our hearts, those walls east of the African continent. Supposedly all unable to breed, thus forming a new species. Alsatian, Provençal, Breton, etc. were made, relationships were nurtured and will not divide us. As a result, those whose the inhabitants of the many countries in this The question then is: What determines In the Arabic-speaking world, an identical friendships were created. lives we first sought to enrich, have enriched area speak the same language, Arabic. Still, when a dialect becomes another language? In evolutionary process has been ongoing for Today, more than 100 Hispanic senior our own immeasurably.” n the reality is a bit more complicated. Arab biology, a new species is recognized when its some time, but the revolutionary component societies are what linguists call diglossic. That members can no longer breed with the other needed to lead to a similar outcome has yet means that in these societies people need to members of the species. In language, there to obtain. When the Muslim armies emerged TEACHING EXPERIENCE JULY 27, 2011 that lives in an apartment near the school. know two different “species” of a language, in is no such “breeding” criterion to guide us. from the Arabian Peninsula in about 630 A.D. to She says they are sectioning off part of their ( يمالسإا حتفلا) ”Hi Anna! I am sorry it has taken me so this case Arabic, in order to be fully functional: As an example, Dutch and German are today undertake the “al-fatH al-Islami IN ITALY living room to make a bedroom for me and I’ll also recognized as separate languages even as they – the Islamic conquest) they brought with them) (ىحصفلا) long to email you with an update, although I a formal language called fusHa Kathryn D. O’Connell in Lombardy have more information now than I did at the have my own bathroom because there are 2 known as standard or classical) which everyone are arguably similar enough to be viewed—by the Arabic language. In the various lands they By Anna Rocca beginning of the summer. in the apartment. I believe I’ll be staying there learns at school, reads in newspapers, or uses linguists—as dialects of one and the same came to occupy, both those that make up the First, I’ll be leaving in the evening on the entire time I’m in Italy, which will be nice in presentation mode (speeches, lectures, language. The answer, therefore, in my opinion, “Arab world” today and those that don’t, they Leaving home to study or work in a foreign September 21 and arriving in Milan just before so I don’t have sermons, newscasts, etc.), and an informal is fundamentally a political one. encountered local languages, some related to country can be an emotionally complicated to worry about also When the European continent was at Arabic (Aramaic, Syriac, Amharic....) and others) (ةيماعلا) noon on the 22. I will have a few days to get language called ‘aammiyya experience. It is normal to look forward to the settled and then start work on September 26. adjusting to new known as colloquial, vernacular, or a dialect) the height of its Dark Ages, Latin was the unrelated to it (Berber, Amazigh, Persian, travel with anticipatory nervousness and, as The school I’ll be at in Legnano is a middle places twice. which people use at home and in the street for political language. A long Roman occupation Hindi, Turkic, etc.). As the Arab Muslim Empire the messages below attest, acclimation can be school. I will have 6 lessons (one every other The only interpersonal communication, and to express had imposed Latin as the language of the consolidated its dominance over these various an unexpected and wonderful process. Kathryn week) with the second years and 12 (one every thing I am really identity, intimacy and emotions. elites: The Church, the nobility, and the lands, the local languages were hybridized with O’Connell graduated in 2011 with a major in week) with the third years. For the younger nervous about While fusHa is in theory common to all educated scientists, clergymen, and scholars, Arabic and so began the evolution of today’s music and minor in foreign languages (French group, I’ll be their first exposure to a native right now is countries of the Arab world, ‘aammiyya varies i.e. the holders of political power. In the Arabic “dialects” or the various ‘aammiyya. As and Italian). Thanks to her academic excellence English speaker from what I understand. getting a visa. to different extents from country to country. streets, however, people continued to speak with the European case, Arabic was instituted she was inducted into the International Foreign After I am done there I am hoping to come But the teacher Two individuals from, say, Iraq and Morocco, their vernaculars onto which were grafted as the official language of the political elites – Language Honor Society Phi Sigma Iota and home for Christmas so I can at least see my in Legnano said speaking strictly in their dialects would be elements of Latin. It took a long time, and nobility, scientists and scholars, the religious was offered an eight-month teaching fellowship she has emailed mother and my boyfriend, then go back so I can Kathryn D. O’Connell largely unintelligible to one another, unless social and political upheavals, before these establishment. As was the case with Latin, in Italy during the 2011-2012 academic year. work the school in Busto Arsizio. That school the program to they inject elements of formal Arabic into local “dialects” managed to emerge from there was a proscription in the Arab-Muslim The Future Teachers of Italian in the US will be a high school and I’m not entirely sure ask specifically what the process is and then the conversation. The local dialects of every under the dominance of Latin. Between the world against praying in languages other than program brought her to work in two schools about the details there yet. I’m waiting for the will pass the information on to me. Other than country and region are hybrids consisting of 1400s and the late 1700s, Europe underwent Arabic, and to this day, Muslims in as far apart in the Lombardy region. Kathryn summarized teacher I’ll be working with there to get back that, I’m starting to figure out what I’d like my the pre-Arabic language (Aramaic, Coptic, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the as China and the Americas have to learn – and her experience by stating that “I would like from vacation. But I do know I’ll be able to lessons to be about. I know what the intern in Amazigh, Assyrian, etc.) spoken prior to the Reformation, the discovery of the Americas, pray in – Arabic. people to know it is not easy, but it is worth come home the first week in June. I’ll be done Legnano did last year so I’m using that as a Islamic conquest, overlaid by Arabic and and the French Revolution, all of which led to The difference between the European-Latin it!” Kathryn and I have kept up a lively email at the end of May, but he suggested I stay for a guide. other languages that came in contact with the the separation of Church and State and, along model on one hand, and the Arab-Arabic conversation over the past months and she few days and wait for my last bit of pay. SEPTEMBER 24, 2011 specific country during its history (Turkish, with political change, to the emancipation of model on the other, is that while Europe has is happy to share her experience with Lingua The teacher I’ll be with in Legnano arranged Persian, Kurdish, French, English, Italian, etc...). I have to admit, I was worried for nothing. the dialects into official national languages. nearly completed the process of emancipating Franca. The following are excerpts from her housing for me. I’ll be staying with a family In the natural course of language evolution, The host family is wonderful and very kind. The reason why today Dutch and German are the dialects into national languages, the Arab emails in chronological order: if people who speak one language become considered different languages has less to do world remains at the onset of such a process. 6 geographically isolated from one another for a continued on page 12 7 WORK ABROAD/STUDY MY EXPERIENCE LIVING already eaten a whole dinner! In addition, there are plenty of opportunities ABROAD AND TEACHING IN LUGO, to do private English lessons on the side. I By Fátima Serra, foreign languages SPAIN set up an account on tusclasesparticulares. By Alyssa Barras, alumna from the com where you can create a free account The Education Office of the Embassy of advertising what you are looking for. I made Spain is offering another round of positions as Spanish major program two different accounts, one looking for a Cultural Assistants in Spanish Schools. Seniors Last May I graduated from Salem State with conversation partner and the other advertising or recent graduates get the opportunity to a Spanish major and had the good fortune of that I give private English lessons. I teach spend a year in Spain as a teaching assistant being selected for a program to live and work about five tutoring sessions a week along with in a school at the elementary, middle or high in Spain for a whole year. I have been here working 12 hours a week at the school. There school level. The requirement is to have an since August and I would like to share my is plenty of free time, so I enjoy teaching and intermediate level of Spanish, no need to be a experiences with you. lesson planning on the side. There are also Spanish major. The beauty of the program is I am a teacher’s assistant in a school of academic schools that are looking for English that you get paid, around $1,000 a month and just 92 students outside of Lugo in a small teachers as well, and they pay pretty well. you still have time to register in a University village called Corgo. The students are 3 to 11 Even though it may seem like a lot of work, it to progress in your studies, to teach additional years old (preschool to sixth grade). I teach is completely enjoyable so it doesn’t feel like tutoring sessions or simply enjoy life in Spain. six English classes and two arts and craft work, and there are many holidays that give For more information, check the links below: classes in English as well. The children are you the opportunity to travel. Whether or not http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Auxiliares_de_ eager to learn and are very well-behaved. The there is a lot of work, the people in Spain know Conversaci%C3%B3n,_Language_and_Culture_ education system is a lot more relaxed here, how to enjoy life. The first week I arrived to Assistants_in_Spain_Survival_Guide especially where I am teaching, in a village, so Lugo it was during the fiestas of San Froilan. http://www.diwyy.com/new-blog/program- they support any activities or lesson plans you The streets were filled with people, carnival overview-north-american-language-and- want to introduce to the students. Creativity rides, games, food stands, and concerts. The cultural-assistants-in-spain/ and flexibility are keys to being successful in festival lasted about two full weeks, I couldn’t http://www.educacion.gob.es/eeuu/ the Spanish classroom. The students have so believe it. It was a ton of fun and a great way to convocatorias-programas/convocatorias-eeuu/ much interest in learning English and the ways meet some Spaniards. auxiliares-conversacion-eeuu.html of life in the United States. The teachers are all There was a facebook group called Ladies We currently have two Salem State welcoming and friendly people. The faculty and in Lugo that one of the teacher’s assistants alumni participating in the program, Daniel professional who dedicates as much time I eat lunch together during break and go for made before we arrived. It was a great idea EXPERIENCES OF Godden and Alyssa Barras. Alyssa sent us as necessary to ensuring her students are walks after. because we all were able to communicate with an account of her experience in Spain so CHINESE STUDENTS comfortable with the material and have When I first arrived to Lugo I stayed in a one another by answering anyone’s questions far. It is impossible to over emphasize the mastered concepts before moving on. She has hotel for a few days while I looked for a flat. I that arose. It also made it possible for us all to AT SALEM STATE wonderful opportunities and doors that study an incredible knack for finding and teaching thought I would struggle, but with welcoming meet when we arrived to Lugo. We planned a By Marc Dallaire, student in abroad opens at the personal and professional mnemonics to aide with character recognition arms from the hotel workers and the teachers meeting point, had a drink and some tapas and Chinese 201 class level. Both Daniel and Alyssa participated – something I thought would never happen. I felt at home. The teachers met with me my now we are all good friends! Overall, I love it in the semester program in Oviedo, Spain, Outside of class, I have been provided with a first days there to help search for a flat. My here and I love the city. My favorite part is the I enrolled in the Chinese program at and gained the confidence to apply for these tutor and a language exchange partner – both second day at the hotel I met another Cultural wall (la muralla) that the Romans built in the Salem State University over the summer as a teaching positions offered by the Spanish from the university’s 1-2-1 exchange program Assistant named Val from Chicago. We became 300’s. It is a huge wall that wraps around the continuing education student with the intention Ministry of Education. The semester in Oviedo with Chinese universities. Practicing an very good friends and decided to look for a inner city. You can climb stairs to get to the top of broadening my horizons as a young is a great affordable program for all majors. additional two days per week with these native flat together. We looked at four flats in one day of the wall where there is a jogging path that professional. Given the current economic The Universidad de Oviedo offers courses speakers for a few hours has really allowed my and chose the last one we saw, and it has been overlooks the city. climate in the US and China’s rapid ascendency in Spanish language and culture, as well as language skills to develop. On top of that, as great living where we are. We have our own Everything has gone smoothly thus far with over the last three decades, learning Mandarin others in business and a variety of disciplines a class we’ve made several trips into Boston’s rooms, a living room, and a kitchen, and the the help of my prior experiences in Spain. I was a logical choice to open doors and to in English. Dr. Fátima Serra can help anyone Chinatown for cultural experiences. It’s a great price is great. It is very easy to find a flat with did a semester abroad in Oviedo, thanks to distinguish myself from peers in my field. interested in either study abroad or the Cultural way to practice what I’ve learned in a real- websites like easypiso.com, milanuncios and the help of Professor Serra for giving me the Going into that first Chinese 101 class in May, Assistant Program. I certainly had some reservations. Should I world setting, and enjoy some delicious dim many more. The monthly pay is 700 Euros a confidence boost to fulfill not only a dream, Steve Lacey, a music major with a The following is what Alyssa Barras wrote have chosen a school with a more established sum and hotpot. month which is plenty to live on. The food here but an experience that has enhanced my minor in French, undertook a directed about her experience in Lugo, Spain as a Chinese program? Would meeting just once While I won’t disagree with anyone who in Lugo is fairly inexpensive, and from what I knowledge and personal growth beyond study project in French this semester, Cultural Assistant. It is a joy to have seen per week really be enough to grasp such new claims Mandarin Chinese to be a difficult hear “se come bien en Lugo,” it is true. If you my own belief! Some tips I would give to combining his two areas of study. Alyssa grow into the confident, competent concepts? What would I learn about modern language, I can confidently say that I have go out and order a drink they give you several someone who wanted to do this program He researched the “Jazz Age” in professional she is now. And you should hear China itself? How would I be able to remember absolutely no regrets about enrolling in this plates of tapas and before you know it, you’ve would be to study abroad first, and to get a France, a period ranging from the her Spanish! all of those characters? Do I really have the program at Salem State. I’m sure all the hard feel for what traveling is like in another country 1920’s through the 1950’s, looking in time to balance a career and learn a completely work I’ve put in will pay substantial dividends whose native language is different than that of particular at African-American jazz alien language? in the future, but this has been an experience your own. I am enjoying every moment while musicians who lived and performed Now I can look back and laugh at my that has enhanced my knowledge and personal I am here. If you have a passion to educate in Paris. His research culminated in naïveté. Thanks to the fact that the Chinese growth beyond my own belief! Some tips others and want to grow as an individual, there a final project on jazz musician and program is in its infancy, the class sizes have I would give to someone who wanted to do is not a better time or experience than this. I composer Sydney Bechet. Lacey gave been small; much smaller in comparison to this program would be to study abroad first, had to quit both my jobs in the US to be here a talk, in French, on the life and legacy what I was accustomed back when I was an and to get a feel for what traveling is like in and not a day has gone by that I have of Sydney Bechet at the November n undergrad at Bowdoin College. My classes another country whose native language is regretted it! 16 dinner meeting of the Richelieu have been more like 4-on-1 seminars as different than that of your own. I am enjoying For further questions or comments you can Club of Salem at the Hawthorne Hotel. opposed to your standard collegiate discourse every moment while I am here. If you have a contact Alyssa at [email protected] After the talk, Lacey played several of in a packed lecture hall. Of course this passion to educate others and want to grow Bechet’s original songs on his guitar, Left, some of Alyssa’s 1st grade students in promotes a more productive and agreeable as an individual, there is not a better time or accompanied by fellow Salem State Spain. Left front to back: Sophia, Laura, Paula, learning environment. And the lone professor experience than this. I had to quit both my music major Zach Bridges. and Andrea. Right front to back: Saray, Raquel, in the concentration, Jie Li, has been nothing jobs in the US to be here and not a day has Eva, and Beatrice. short of amazing. She is a consummate gone by that I have regretted it! n 8 9 WORK ABROAD/STUDY MY EXPERIENCE LIVING already eaten a whole dinner! In addition, there are plenty of opportunities ABROAD AND TEACHING IN LUGO, to do private English lessons on the side. I By Fátima Serra, foreign languages SPAIN set up an account on tusclasesparticulares. By Alyssa Barras, alumna from the com where you can create a free account The Education Office of the Embassy of advertising what you are looking for. I made Spain is offering another round of positions as Spanish major program two different accounts, one looking for a Cultural Assistants in Spanish Schools. Seniors Last May I graduated from Salem State with conversation partner and the other advertising or recent graduates get the opportunity to a Spanish major and had the good fortune of that I give private English lessons. I teach spend a year in Spain as a teaching assistant being selected for a program to live and work about five tutoring sessions a week along with in a school at the elementary, middle or high in Spain for a whole year. I have been here working 12 hours a week at the school. There school level. The requirement is to have an since August and I would like to share my is plenty of free time, so I enjoy teaching and intermediate level of Spanish, no need to be a experiences with you. lesson planning on the side. There are also Spanish major. The beauty of the program is I am a teacher’s assistant in a school of academic schools that are looking for English that you get paid, around $1,000 a month and just 92 students outside of Lugo in a small teachers as well, and they pay pretty well. you still have time to register in a University village called Corgo. The students are 3 to 11 Even though it may seem like a lot of work, it to progress in your studies, to teach additional years old (preschool to sixth grade). I teach is completely enjoyable so it doesn’t feel like tutoring sessions or simply enjoy life in Spain. six English classes and two arts and craft work, and there are many holidays that give For more information, check the links below: classes in English as well. The children are you the opportunity to travel. Whether or not http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Auxiliares_de_ eager to learn and are very well-behaved. The there is a lot of work, the people in Spain know Conversaci%C3%B3n,_Language_and_Culture_ education system is a lot more relaxed here, how to enjoy life. The first week I arrived to Assistants_in_Spain_Survival_Guide especially where I am teaching, in a village, so Lugo it was during the fiestas of San Froilan. http://www.diwyy.com/new-blog/program- they support any activities or lesson plans you The streets were filled with people, carnival overview-north-american-language-and- want to introduce to the students. Creativity rides, games, food stands, and concerts. The cultural-assistants-in-spain/ and flexibility are keys to being successful in festival lasted about two full weeks, I couldn’t http://www.educacion.gob.es/eeuu/ the Spanish classroom. The students have so believe it. It was a ton of fun and a great way to convocatorias-programas/convocatorias-eeuu/ much interest in learning English and the ways meet some Spaniards. auxiliares-conversacion-eeuu.html of life in the United States. The teachers are all There was a facebook group called Ladies We currently have two Salem State welcoming and friendly people. The faculty and in Lugo that one of the teacher’s assistants alumni participating in the program, Daniel professional who dedicates as much time I eat lunch together during break and go for made before we arrived. It was a great idea EXPERIENCES OF Godden and Alyssa Barras. Alyssa sent us as necessary to ensuring her students are walks after. because we all were able to communicate with an account of her experience in Spain so CHINESE STUDENTS comfortable with the material and have When I first arrived to Lugo I stayed in a one another by answering anyone’s questions far. It is impossible to over emphasize the mastered concepts before moving on. She has hotel for a few days while I looked for a flat. I that arose. It also made it possible for us all to AT SALEM STATE wonderful opportunities and doors that study an incredible knack for finding and teaching thought I would struggle, but with welcoming meet when we arrived to Lugo. We planned a By Marc Dallaire, student in abroad opens at the personal and professional mnemonics to aide with character recognition arms from the hotel workers and the teachers meeting point, had a drink and some tapas and Chinese 201 class level. Both Daniel and Alyssa participated – something I thought would never happen. I felt at home. The teachers met with me my now we are all good friends! Overall, I love it in the semester program in Oviedo, Spain, Outside of class, I have been provided with a first days there to help search for a flat. My here and I love the city. My favorite part is the I enrolled in the Chinese program at and gained the confidence to apply for these tutor and a language exchange partner – both second day at the hotel I met another Cultural wall (la muralla) that the Romans built in the Salem State University over the summer as a teaching positions offered by the Spanish from the university’s 1-2-1 exchange program Assistant named Val from Chicago. We became 300’s. It is a huge wall that wraps around the continuing education student with the intention Ministry of Education. The semester in Oviedo with Chinese universities. Practicing an very good friends and decided to look for a inner city. You can climb stairs to get to the top of broadening my horizons as a young is a great affordable program for all majors. additional two days per week with these native flat together. We looked at four flats in one day of the wall where there is a jogging path that professional. Given the current economic The Universidad de Oviedo offers courses speakers for a few hours has really allowed my and chose the last one we saw, and it has been overlooks the city. climate in the US and China’s rapid ascendency in Spanish language and culture, as well as language skills to develop. On top of that, as great living where we are. We have our own Everything has gone smoothly thus far with over the last three decades, learning Mandarin others in business and a variety of disciplines a class we’ve made several trips into Boston’s rooms, a living room, and a kitchen, and the the help of my prior experiences in Spain. I was a logical choice to open doors and to in English. Dr. Fátima Serra can help anyone Chinatown for cultural experiences. It’s a great price is great. It is very easy to find a flat with did a semester abroad in Oviedo, thanks to distinguish myself from peers in my field. interested in either study abroad or the Cultural way to practice what I’ve learned in a real- websites like easypiso.com, milanuncios and the help of Professor Serra for giving me the Going into that first Chinese 101 class in May, Assistant Program. I certainly had some reservations. Should I world setting, and enjoy some delicious dim many more. The monthly pay is 700 Euros a confidence boost to fulfill not only a dream, Steve Lacey, a music major with a The following is what Alyssa Barras wrote have chosen a school with a more established sum and hotpot. month which is plenty to live on. The food here but an experience that has enhanced my minor in French, undertook a directed about her experience in Lugo, Spain as a Chinese program? Would meeting just once While I won’t disagree with anyone who in Lugo is fairly inexpensive, and from what I knowledge and personal growth beyond study project in French this semester, Cultural Assistant. It is a joy to have seen per week really be enough to grasp such new claims Mandarin Chinese to be a difficult hear “se come bien en Lugo,” it is true. If you my own belief! Some tips I would give to combining his two areas of study. Alyssa grow into the confident, competent concepts? What would I learn about modern language, I can confidently say that I have go out and order a drink they give you several someone who wanted to do this program He researched the “Jazz Age” in professional she is now. And you should hear China itself? How would I be able to remember absolutely no regrets about enrolling in this plates of tapas and before you know it, you’ve would be to study abroad first, and to get a France, a period ranging from the her Spanish! all of those characters? Do I really have the program at Salem State. I’m sure all the hard feel for what traveling is like in another country 1920’s through the 1950’s, looking in time to balance a career and learn a completely work I’ve put in will pay substantial dividends whose native language is different than that of particular at African-American jazz alien language? in the future, but this has been an experience your own. I am enjoying every moment while musicians who lived and performed Now I can look back and laugh at my that has enhanced my knowledge and personal I am here. If you have a passion to educate in Paris. His research culminated in naïveté. Thanks to the fact that the Chinese growth beyond my own belief! Some tips others and want to grow as an individual, there a final project on jazz musician and program is in its infancy, the class sizes have I would give to someone who wanted to do is not a better time or experience than this. I composer Sydney Bechet. Lacey gave been small; much smaller in comparison to this program would be to study abroad first, had to quit both my jobs in the US to be here a talk, in French, on the life and legacy what I was accustomed back when I was an and to get a feel for what traveling is like in and not a day has gone by that I have of Sydney Bechet at the November n undergrad at Bowdoin College. My classes another country whose native language is regretted it! 16 dinner meeting of the Richelieu have been more like 4-on-1 seminars as different than that of your own. I am enjoying For further questions or comments you can Club of Salem at the Hawthorne Hotel. opposed to your standard collegiate discourse every moment while I am here. If you have a contact Alyssa at [email protected] After the talk, Lacey played several of in a packed lecture hall. Of course this passion to educate others and want to grow Bechet’s original songs on his guitar, Left, some of Alyssa’s 1st grade students in promotes a more productive and agreeable as an individual, there is not a better time or accompanied by fellow Salem State Spain. Left front to back: Sophia, Laura, Paula, learning environment. And the lone professor experience than this. I had to quit both my music major Zach Bridges. and Andrea. Right front to back: Saray, Raquel, in the concentration, Jie Li, has been nothing jobs in the US to be here and not a day has Eva, and Beatrice. short of amazing. She is a consummate gone by that I have regretted it! n 8 9 CANCIONES IN THE • Repetition and learning: Songs are not be appropriate to the material being learned after listening help with understanding. Start dilemmas to be resolved, as in the case of • Nuessel, Frank and Caterina Cicogna. 1991. listened to once, they are heard over and at a particular time (verb tenses, vocabulary, with simple yes-no questions. Allow students conversation topics, or simply about any “The Integration of Songs and Music into SPANISH CLASSROOM over, and this reinforces the learning of etc.) to come up with their own questions. aspect of the author or the song. the Italian Curriculum.” Italica, Vol. 68, No. 4 By Jon Aske, foreign languages vocabulary and expressions, grammatical • Choose the songs carefully: Look into • Conversation questions: Use broader, open- • Culture: Songs can bring empathy with (Winter, 1991), pp. 473-486. Online source structures, and so on. different genres but, most importantly, make ended questions to stimulate conversation in the culture in a way in which knowledge of URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/479340 • Music and the brain: Several aspects are at sure the songs will appeal to the students the classroom. Use polemical topics, present cultural facts cannot. • Nuessel, Frank and April D. Marshall. 2008. play here. First it seems that the connection (not necessarily the teacher). Involving dilemmas or problems to resolve. • Role playing: Students can represent a “Practices and Principles for Engaging the between music and lyrics facilitates the students in the song selection is a good idea. • Group conversation: In lower levels the dialogue based on aspects of the song. Three Communicative Modes in Spanish learning since both sides of the brain are With the availability of millions of songs on instructor can come up with questions to • Oral presentations: In more advanced levels, through Songs and Music.” Hispania, Vol. involved. Also, music relaxes, reduces YouTube, nowadays this couldn’t be easier; stimulate conversation. In upper levels, students can do presentations about the 91, No. 1, Spanish Language Teaching and anxiety, and helps open the affective filter. also make sure the enunciation and use of students can come up with their own. song, the artist, or some aspect thereof. Learning: Policy, Practice and Performance Lastly, for students with a strong “musical language is appropriate for the level of the • Vocabulary expansion activities: Use the • Other oral and written activities: students (Mar., 2008), pp. 139-146. Online source intelligence” songs are especially useful. students. vocabulary in the song to expand vocabulary can performs surveys based on some aspect URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20063629 • Culture: Songs connect the listener to the • Don’t reinvent the wheel: Instructors should by asking about synonyms, antonyms, of a song, write a letter to a person in the • Seelye, H. N. 1984. Teaching Culture: culture by means of an emotional, affective share experiences and materials with other derived words, words with the same song, write a diary as if they were a person Strategies for Intercultural Communication. link; this has more potential to connect teachers in the same school or elsewhere. morphological patterns, etc. in the song, or solve some issue that appears Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook the student to the real culture than simply • Use the Internet: Unlike in days of old when • Language analysis: In more advanced in the song. n Company. learning isolated facts about it. one had to have a good music player and classes the song’s language can be • Willis, Bruce Dean and Keith Mason. 1994. • Playfulness: Songs give the language obtain records, tapes, or CD’s, nowadays the examined further by looking at the figurative Bibliography “Canciones en la clase: The Why and How classroom a positive, playful environment Internet is an excellent source of free music, language and idiomatic expressions. • Anton, Ronald J. 1990. “Combining Singing of Integrating Songs in Spanish by English- which stimulates the imagination and with the added benefit of video. • Cloze tests: These can be useful to practice and Psychology.” Hispania, Vol. 73, No. 4 Speaking and Bilingual Artists.” Hispania, creativity. • Background information: It is important to the vocabulary as well, sometimes focusing (Dec., 1990), pp. 1166-1170. Online source Vol. 77, No. 1 (Mar., 1994), pp. 102-109. I have always been fond of bringing songs • Language skills and modes of provide background information about the on some specific aspect of the vocabulary, URL:: http://www.jstor.org/stable/344326 Online source URL: http://www.jstor.org/ to my Spanish language classrooms. The main communication: Through the use of songs song and the artist. Alternatively students such as prepositions, conjunctions, or a • Eddy, Jennifer. 2007. “Song Lyrics as stable/344461 reason was personal. I started learning English students can practice all linguistic skills: can do their own research if they want to specific tense. Culturally Authentic Material for Standards- • Claudia Smith Salcedo. 2002. The Effects of as a teenager in the 70’s, primarily through listening (obviously), reading, speaking, reach further. • Word games: Cross-word puzzles, scrambled Based Performance.” Hispania, Vol. 90, No. 1 Songs in the Foreign Language Classroom exposure to English language songs and I think writing and culture; and also all modes of • Song presentation: Present the song just like letters, tic-tac-toe, etc. (Mar., 2007), pp. 142-146. Online source URL: on Text Recall and Involuntary Mental that the experience was not only enjoyable but communication: interpersonal, interpretive, any other text, with pre-listening activities, • Writing: Have students write a summary of http://www.jstor.org/stable/20063475 Rehearsal. Ph.D. Dissertation, Louisiana very helpful in the long run as far as helping and presentational. listening activities, and post-listening the song, new paragraphs for the song, a • Gómez Acuña, Beatriz. 2002. “Idea: Cómo State University and Agricultural and me learn the language. Intuitively I felt that Recommendations based on the experience of activities. different ending for the song, liner notes for sacar el mayor partido a una canción en Mechanical College. there was value in listening to foreign language diverse authors Activities to do with a song (and for the song, a review or critique of the song, la clase de español.” Hispania, Vol. 85, No. For more information songs for learning the language. • Integrate the songs into the curriculum and assessment) etc. You can also ask for compositions about 4 (Dec., 2002), pp. 918-920. Online source http://lrc.salemstate.edu/canciones/ I used to present songs to my classes the current topics: Songs should be used • Sing the song: in group and/or individually; broad questions or around problems or URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4141260 more as a curiosity, without fully exploiting from day one, on a regular basis, and should dramatize the song too. the potential, more as a way to engage my be part of the routine (song of the week, • Comprehension questions: Short students with enjoyable cultural artifacts which song of the month, etc.). Song should also comprehension questions, written or oral, THE OTHER SLAVERY: to the Americas. Others were sold by their south of the border to Mexico, especially to might motivate them to learn the language. own people to coolie brokers and more sold Baja California where they settled in Mexicali Unfortunately language classes at the college CHINESE COOLIES IN themselves or were sold by family members which has nowadays the biggest Chinatown in level are extremely structured and there is little LATIN AMERICA to pay debts. The Chinese, mainly from the Mexico. extra time to explore things that are not in the By Michele C. Dávila Gonçalves, province of Guangdong, went to the west Many of the Chinese coolies went to Cuba. program. foreign languages of the United States and Latin America. From 1847 to 1862 about 600,000 per year Recently, however, I wanted to learn Indians, on the other hand, went mainly to went there on American vessels. In addition to more about others’ experiences with the “Coolie (variously spelled Cooli, Cooly, Kuli, the Caribbean basin especially to Trinidad going to work on Cuban sugar plantations they use of songs in the classroom and did some Quli, Koelie, etc.) is a historical term for manual Tobago and Guyana. As Ah Xiang states in the also went to work in the Peruvian guano pits. research on the topic. A short while ago I got laborers or slaves from Asia, particularly Imperialchina.org website, “From 1847 to 1875, Conditions on board these ships were the same the opportunity to share what I had learned, China, India and the Philippines during the 99,149 out of 150,000 Chinese coolies sold as the well known conditions in the ships that along with my personal experiences, at the 19th century and early 20th century. It is also a to Cuba departed from Macau” Additionally, came from Africa: overcrowded, unsanitary, annual meeting of the Massachusetts Foreign contemporary racial slur or ethnic nickname for “Portuguese specialized in selling Chinese and brutal. The mortality rate was around Language Association. Briefly I would like to people of Asian descent, including people from women and Chinese girls overseas as sex 15% for the Cuba voyage and 30-40% for the summarize here my main findings. For more India, Central Asia, etc, particularly in South slaves throughout the latter half of 19th Peruvian one. Few of these workers managed information, visit the website I made for this Africa.” —(Wikipedia) century. Shanghai would follow next.” In fact, to return to China and the Chinese government purpose and/or join the mailing list I created When we think about slavery in the the name Shanghai literally alludes to this itself became concerned with their citizens to allow Massachusetts teachers to share Americas we are typically thinking about the practice of involuntary servitude by captains of and brought forth the elimination of the coolie experiences about the use of songs in the African slave trade that went on for three merchant ships that where in need of crewmen. trade in 1874. Spanish classroom. centuries. When the African trafficking was In the United States the Chinese labor In Cuba indentured Chinese labored in the Reasons for using songs in the language abolished in the Americas it needed to be helped to build the first Transcontinental sugarcane fields well after 1884, the official classroom replaced by a different type of labor force, Railroad, and in western Canada, the Canadian date for the abolition of slavery in that country, • Songs are fun: Young people like them and, and that is the reason so many Chinese and Pacific Railway. Still, Chinese settlements and they were slaves in all but name after that, as we know, things that we enjoy doing help Indians, often referred to as “coolies” in were strongly discouraged. In 1862 California although their legal status separated them us learn and create emotional connection English, a word which can be traced to two approved an “Anti-Coolie Act,” to protect from Africans and their descendants. Havana’s and thus are great motivators since they different Urdu words meaning laborer and white laborers while taxing Chinese business Chinatown (Barrio Chino de La Habana) is keep us coming for more. slave--were brought over to our continent as entrepreneurs; and in 1882 the US federal one of the oldest and largest Chinatowns in • Songs are excellent texts: Although indentured servants. government approved the “Chinese Exclusion Latin America. Many used their savings to textbooks and teachers may prefer more The Portuguese and the British started this Act”, by which Chinese immigration to the open small grocery stores or restaurants, literary texts, students can relate to the human trafficking with people from the Far United States was suspended for 10 years, but and married into the larger Spanish, mulatto simplicity of songs with their universal East, or the Orient, as it used to be called. it lasted almost 60 years until it was repealed and Afro-Cuban populations. In the 1920s an themes that appeal to the young person’s Many ‘coolies’ were forced (sometimes in 1943. Of the Chinese already in the United additional 30,000 Cantonese arrived, only male, mind and heart literally kidnapped) or deceived into going States, some stayed and many just went and they intermarried with the white, black and 10 continued on page 12 11 CANCIONES IN THE • Repetition and learning: Songs are not be appropriate to the material being learned after listening help with understanding. Start dilemmas to be resolved, as in the case of • Nuessel, Frank and Caterina Cicogna. 1991. listened to once, they are heard over and at a particular time (verb tenses, vocabulary, with simple yes-no questions. Allow students conversation topics, or simply about any “The Integration of Songs and Music into SPANISH CLASSROOM over, and this reinforces the learning of etc.) to come up with their own questions. aspect of the author or the song. the Italian Curriculum.” Italica, Vol. 68, No. 4 By Jon Aske, foreign languages vocabulary and expressions, grammatical • Choose the songs carefully: Look into • Conversation questions: Use broader, open- • Culture: Songs can bring empathy with (Winter, 1991), pp. 473-486. Online source structures, and so on. different genres but, most importantly, make ended questions to stimulate conversation in the culture in a way in which knowledge of URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/479340 • Music and the brain: Several aspects are at sure the songs will appeal to the students the classroom. Use polemical topics, present cultural facts cannot. • Nuessel, Frank and April D. Marshall. 2008. play here. First it seems that the connection (not necessarily the teacher). Involving dilemmas or problems to resolve. • Role playing: Students can represent a “Practices and Principles for Engaging the between music and lyrics facilitates the students in the song selection is a good idea. • Group conversation: In lower levels the dialogue based on aspects of the song. Three Communicative Modes in Spanish learning since both sides of the brain are With the availability of millions of songs on instructor can come up with questions to • Oral presentations: In more advanced levels, through Songs and Music.” Hispania, Vol. involved. Also, music relaxes, reduces YouTube, nowadays this couldn’t be easier; stimulate conversation. In upper levels, students can do presentations about the 91, No. 1, Spanish Language Teaching and anxiety, and helps open the affective filter. also make sure the enunciation and use of students can come up with their own. song, the artist, or some aspect thereof. Learning: Policy, Practice and Performance Lastly, for students with a strong “musical language is appropriate for the level of the • Vocabulary expansion activities: Use the • Other oral and written activities: students (Mar., 2008), pp. 139-146. Online source intelligence” songs are especially useful. students. vocabulary in the song to expand vocabulary can performs surveys based on some aspect URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20063629 • Culture: Songs connect the listener to the • Don’t reinvent the wheel: Instructors should by asking about synonyms, antonyms, of a song, write a letter to a person in the • Seelye, H. N. 1984. Teaching Culture: culture by means of an emotional, affective share experiences and materials with other derived words, words with the same song, write a diary as if they were a person Strategies for Intercultural Communication. link; this has more potential to connect teachers in the same school or elsewhere. morphological patterns, etc. in the song, or solve some issue that appears Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook the student to the real culture than simply • Use the Internet: Unlike in days of old when • Language analysis: In more advanced in the song. n Company. learning isolated facts about it. one had to have a good music player and classes the song’s language can be • Willis, Bruce Dean and Keith Mason. 1994. • Playfulness: Songs give the language obtain records, tapes, or CD’s, nowadays the examined further by looking at the figurative Bibliography “Canciones en la clase: The Why and How classroom a positive, playful environment Internet is an excellent source of free music, language and idiomatic expressions. • Anton, Ronald J. 1990. “Combining Singing of Integrating Songs in Spanish by English- which stimulates the imagination and with the added benefit of video. • Cloze tests: These can be useful to practice and Psychology.” Hispania, Vol. 73, No. 4 Speaking and Bilingual Artists.” Hispania, creativity. • Background information: It is important to the vocabulary as well, sometimes focusing (Dec., 1990), pp. 1166-1170. Online source Vol. 77, No. 1 (Mar., 1994), pp. 102-109. I have always been fond of bringing songs • Language skills and modes of provide background information about the on some specific aspect of the vocabulary, URL:: http://www.jstor.org/stable/344326 Online source URL: http://www.jstor.org/ to my Spanish language classrooms. The main communication: Through the use of songs song and the artist. Alternatively students such as prepositions, conjunctions, or a • Eddy, Jennifer. 2007. “Song Lyrics as stable/344461 reason was personal. I started learning English students can practice all linguistic skills: can do their own research if they want to specific tense. Culturally Authentic Material for Standards- • Claudia Smith Salcedo. 2002. The Effects of as a teenager in the 70’s, primarily through listening (obviously), reading, speaking, reach further. • Word games: Cross-word puzzles, scrambled Based Performance.” Hispania, Vol. 90, No. 1 Songs in the Foreign Language Classroom exposure to English language songs and I think writing and culture; and also all modes of • Song presentation: Present the song just like letters, tic-tac-toe, etc. (Mar., 2007), pp. 142-146. Online source URL: on Text Recall and Involuntary Mental that the experience was not only enjoyable but communication: interpersonal, interpretive, any other text, with pre-listening activities, • Writing: Have students write a summary of http://www.jstor.org/stable/20063475 Rehearsal. Ph.D. Dissertation, Louisiana very helpful in the long run as far as helping and presentational. listening activities, and post-listening the song, new paragraphs for the song, a • Gómez Acuña, Beatriz. 2002. “Idea: Cómo State University and Agricultural and me learn the language. Intuitively I felt that Recommendations based on the experience of activities. different ending for the song, liner notes for sacar el mayor partido a una canción en Mechanical College. there was value in listening to foreign language diverse authors Activities to do with a song (and for the song, a review or critique of the song, la clase de español.” Hispania, Vol. 85, No. For more information songs for learning the language. • Integrate the songs into the curriculum and assessment) etc. You can also ask for compositions about 4 (Dec., 2002), pp. 918-920. Online source http://lrc.salemstate.edu/canciones/ I used to present songs to my classes the current topics: Songs should be used • Sing the song: in group and/or individually; broad questions or around problems or URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4141260 more as a curiosity, without fully exploiting from day one, on a regular basis, and should dramatize the song too. the potential, more as a way to engage my be part of the routine (song of the week, • Comprehension questions: Short students with enjoyable cultural artifacts which song of the month, etc.). Song should also comprehension questions, written or oral, THE OTHER SLAVERY: to the Americas. Others were sold by their south of the border to Mexico, especially to might motivate them to learn the language. own people to coolie brokers and more sold Baja California where they settled in Mexicali Unfortunately language classes at the college CHINESE COOLIES IN themselves or were sold by family members which has nowadays the biggest Chinatown in level are extremely structured and there is little LATIN AMERICA to pay debts. The Chinese, mainly from the Mexico. extra time to explore things that are not in the By Michele C. Dávila Gonçalves, province of Guangdong, went to the west Many of the Chinese coolies went to Cuba. program. foreign languages of the United States and Latin America. From 1847 to 1862 about 600,000 per year Recently, however, I wanted to learn Indians, on the other hand, went mainly to went there on American vessels. In addition to more about others’ experiences with the “Coolie (variously spelled Cooli, Cooly, Kuli, the Caribbean basin especially to Trinidad going to work on Cuban sugar plantations they use of songs in the classroom and did some Quli, Koelie, etc.) is a historical term for manual Tobago and Guyana. As Ah Xiang states in the also went to work in the Peruvian guano pits. research on the topic. A short while ago I got laborers or slaves from Asia, particularly Imperialchina.org website, “From 1847 to 1875, Conditions on board these ships were the same the opportunity to share what I had learned, China, India and the Philippines during the 99,149 out of 150,000 Chinese coolies sold as the well known conditions in the ships that along with my personal experiences, at the 19th century and early 20th century. It is also a to Cuba departed from Macau” Additionally, came from Africa: overcrowded, unsanitary, annual meeting of the Massachusetts Foreign contemporary racial slur or ethnic nickname for “Portuguese specialized in selling Chinese and brutal. The mortality rate was around Language Association. Briefly I would like to people of Asian descent, including people from women and Chinese girls overseas as sex 15% for the Cuba voyage and 30-40% for the summarize here my main findings. For more India, Central Asia, etc, particularly in South slaves throughout the latter half of 19th Peruvian one. Few of these workers managed information, visit the website I made for this Africa.” —(Wikipedia) century. Shanghai would follow next.” In fact, to return to China and the Chinese government purpose and/or join the mailing list I created When we think about slavery in the the name Shanghai literally alludes to this itself became concerned with their citizens to allow Massachusetts teachers to share Americas we are typically thinking about the practice of involuntary servitude by captains of and brought forth the elimination of the coolie experiences about the use of songs in the African slave trade that went on for three merchant ships that where in need of crewmen. trade in 1874. Spanish classroom. centuries. When the African trafficking was In the United States the Chinese labor In Cuba indentured Chinese labored in the Reasons for using songs in the language abolished in the Americas it needed to be helped to build the first Transcontinental sugarcane fields well after 1884, the official classroom replaced by a different type of labor force, Railroad, and in western Canada, the Canadian date for the abolition of slavery in that country, • Songs are fun: Young people like them and, and that is the reason so many Chinese and Pacific Railway. Still, Chinese settlements and they were slaves in all but name after that, as we know, things that we enjoy doing help Indians, often referred to as “coolies” in were strongly discouraged. In 1862 California although their legal status separated them us learn and create emotional connection English, a word which can be traced to two approved an “Anti-Coolie Act,” to protect from Africans and their descendants. Havana’s and thus are great motivators since they different Urdu words meaning laborer and white laborers while taxing Chinese business Chinatown (Barrio Chino de La Habana) is keep us coming for more. slave--were brought over to our continent as entrepreneurs; and in 1882 the US federal one of the oldest and largest Chinatowns in • Songs are excellent texts: Although indentured servants. government approved the “Chinese Exclusion Latin America. Many used their savings to textbooks and teachers may prefer more The Portuguese and the British started this Act”, by which Chinese immigration to the open small grocery stores or restaurants, literary texts, students can relate to the human trafficking with people from the Far United States was suspended for 10 years, but and married into the larger Spanish, mulatto simplicity of songs with their universal East, or the Orient, as it used to be called. it lasted almost 60 years until it was repealed and Afro-Cuban populations. In the 1920s an themes that appeal to the young person’s Many ‘coolies’ were forced (sometimes in 1943. Of the Chinese already in the United additional 30,000 Cantonese arrived, only male, mind and heart literally kidnapped) or deceived into going States, some stayed and many just went and they intermarried with the white, black and 10 continued on page 12 11 continued from page 11 elites. Additionally there is another concept, grads helped to promote this important mulatto populations. the Islamic Umma (“Nation”) held together by message through their attendance, their When Fidel Castro the religion of Islam, which exerts its political presentations and their advocacy. Stay came to power in 1959, sway by means of the Arabic language. tuned for information about next year’s many Chinese grocery According to this argument God chose the conference with the new theme; “Foreign store owners had their Arabic language as the medium with which to Languages: Our Global Lens.” n properties expropriated. reveal his message to the Prophet Mohammad, All the presentations given by Salem State which makes Arabic a sacred language, and University faculty and students are listed here: the word of God must not be altered. Although salemstate.edu/academics/schools/19247.php it is legal to translate the Qu’raan for study, teaching and research, no Muslim is allowed PRACTICE YOUR SPANISH to pray or recite the Qur’aan in any language other than Arabic. NEXT SUMMER IN COSTA These mostly left Cuba As the Arab Spring revolutions sweep RICA OR SPAIN! and settled in different across the Arab world this year, political and If you are a Spanish major, minor or you countries, but especially social changes are underway. With them, need to complete your foreign language in the Caribbean region, the political taboo has been shaken, and the requirement , or if you would simply like to go in places such as Florida, political entities bound by the fallacy of one abroad and try language immersion in a new the Dominican Republic Arab world are being transformed into fully fun environment, check our Spanish summer and Puerto Rico. After independent nation-states. However, the abroad programs the 1990s there has been a revitalization of religious taboo is more resilient, and until As every year for the last twelve, we will be Havana’s Chinatown and there are cultural Islam becomes more compatible with the offering again our summer program in Oviedo, groups that are helping Chinese-Cubans to separation of religion and state, the repressed Spain, during the month of July. This is a four strengthen their knowledge of the Chinese national languages will not be able to assert week program in which you can earn six credits language and cultures. themselves over “the” Arabic language. The of Spanish at a very affordable price. Check the Meanwhile in South America, Chinese present tensions between standard Arabic website: indentured laborers (about 100,000 people) and the “dialects” remain at the fore: Learners salemstate.edu/academics/schools/7257.php worked in Peru’s silver mines, as well as the of Arabic have to continue to learn two In addition, next year we will be launching a guano, sugar, and cotton industries from the languages, and native speakers will continue new program in Costa Rica during the month 1850s to the 1870s. Nowadays the Chinatown to suffer from the schizophrenic division of of June. This is also a four week Spanish in Lima (Barrio Chino), has over 6,000 Chinese diglossia. In this respect, formal Arabic, like language program with excursions, cultural restaurants called “chifas” where they serve money or ascendancy or religion, is one immersion and volunteering in the town of a type of Chinese food which has a fusion of element that must be mustered to gain access Heredia, outside the capital San José. Chinese and Peruvian ingredients. Maybe next to political power. In this program too, students earn six credits time we order Chinese food we will remember Note: This article is a modified version of language at the elementary, intermediate how everything got started. n of excerpts from a contribution to a panel or advanced level at the Universidad La entitled Language, Culture, and the Role of Latina. Sol Education Abroad, the organization Arabic and the Politics the Interpreter presented at the 15th Annual facilitating this program for us, has scheduled of Language Conference of the New England Translators an exciting program of excursions and Association last May 7, 2011 in Boston. The continued from page 7 extra -curricular activities: Volcanos, coffee other two panelists were Manuel Avellan plantations, water rafting and volunteering are There are two major taboos that continue to (Spanish) and Jane Kontrimas (Russian). n among the opportunities we will enjoy. hold sway across the vast expanse of the Arab- As with the Oviedo program, we have Muslim world. One is the political fallacy of one Salem State Well Represented at looked for and affordable option for Salem Arab world “united” by the Arabic language, State. The first deposit, $150 is not due until which is the underlying ideology of the Baath MAFLA’s Annual Conference February 1st, 2012. Financial Aid is available parties of Syria and Iraq, for example. continued from page 3 for any summer study abroad. In the Western world, no one today The exhibit hall drew large crowds as many Check the details! For more information visit subscribes to a pan-Germanic World” idea took the time in between sessions to peruse www.soleducation.com/salemstate (a Nazi Party ideology), or a “pan-Russian the many high quality vendors in attendance. A Contact Professor Fátima Serra for a World” (a Communist Party ideology in Soviet particularly popular spot in the exhibit hall was consultation about these programs—or any Russia), and for that matter an “English- the MaFLA Advocacy Booth. Former MaFLA other study abroad programs. She will guide speaking World” ideology that holds together President and Salem State Associate Professor, you through the application and financial aid Britain, the US, Canada, Australia and other Dr. Nicole Sherf, served as the Advocacy Chair process. Contact her at fserra@salemstate. English-speaking countries. Even as these of the conference team and grads Christina edu, or contact the Center for International clusters remain internally bound by common Berry and Kristen Artinano worked with her Education salemstate.edu/cie/ or histories, economic ties, and linguistic kinship, as this year’s Advocacy interns to run the [email protected]. n no one suggests that they ought to be bound Advocacy Booth in the exhibit hall throughout politically. Political autonomy comes first. the conference. The main goal of the Advocacy But in the Arab World, the political bond – booth is to provide information to conference undergirded by a religious one – is imposed attendees about what they can do in their from the top down by entrenched elites who classroom, their school, their district and fear that centrifugal forces might unsettle their communities to raise awareness of the their hold on power, and so it remains a very importance of foreign language education and powerful deterrent behind which the local the necessity to solidify and develop strong languages languish. language programs in our nation’s schools. In the Arab world, on the other hand, the Languages do connect the world and pan-Arabic idea still holds sway among the Salem State’s MAT/Spanish teachers and 12