Recovery Assistance Trends and Lessons from Hurricanes Ike and Harvey

Maria Watson, Kabir Duggal, Maria Mendez Garza, Ishna Khawaja, Mykayla Marek, Melissa Martin, Nikhil Punithan

INTRODUCTION HURRICANE IKE HURRICANE HARVEY CONCLUSIONS

Using SBA Loan data from recent hurricanes 1. How consistent is the SBA Loan in Galveston County, TX we want to know: Program across events? 1. How consistent is the SBA Loan Program across events? The number of SBA loan applications 2. What should households. businesses, and was greater for Hurricane Ike. However, Home loans Home loans nonprofits expect in terms of availability, Hurricane Harvey had a greater average amount and timing of assistance? ● # of loans approved: 2,424 ● # of loans approved: 3,028 loan amount for homes while Hurricane ● # of loan declined: 6,288 ● # of loans declined: 3,022 Ike had a greater average loan amount for businesses.

Business/Nonprofit loans Business/Nonprofit loans BACKGROUND While most of the loan approvals for ● # of loans approved: 521 (business), 43 (nonprofit) ● # of loan approved: 263 (business), 7 (nonprofit) Hurricane Ike were focused on the island ● # of loans declined: 1,042 (business), 19 (nonprofit) ● # of loans declined: 312 (business), 13 (nonprofit) part of the county, Hurricane Harvey Hurricane Ike: loan approvals were focused on the mainland part of the county. Made landfall on Saturday September 13, Amount of Assistance 2008. $50K $150K $200K $250K $300K $500K $700K $900K $1.1M $1.3M $1.5M $1.5M $1.9M $100K Lastly, during Hurricane Ike the The areas hit hardest in Galveston Business/ turn-around time for approved County included Dickinson, Kemah, Nonprofit applications was considerably faster League City, and Clear Lake Shores. Home After Ike, the average home loan was $64,809 and the despite a higher volume of applications. average business loan was $171,301 *** Out of 106,617 households in Galveston County, 19,574 were damaged as a result Business/ Nonprofit of this storm. After Harvey, the average home loan was $77,347 and the 2. What should households. businesses, Home average business loan was $109,276 and nonprofits expect in terms of Out of 26,410 businesses in Galveston availability, amount and timing of Example outliers County, more than 18,000 were Key median (line) average (x) data range assistance? damaged as a result of this storm.

*** After Ike, only 56% of homes and 59% of businesses actually had money disbursed to them, despite being approved for the loan. The actual disbursed amount was A limitation that we found is that Hurricane Harvey: 79% of the approval amount for homes and 91% of the approval amount for businesses. (Disbursement information was not provided after Hurricane Harvey) because we only looked at one type of loan for businesses and homeowners, Make landfall on Friday August 25, 2017. our data might not show the full picture for what disaster assistance looked like The areas hit hardest in Galveston Timing of Assistance on average for every single business and County included Dickinson, League City, Loan homeowner. Completed Approved Loan and Friendswood. Completed Approved disbursed*** application application disbursed*** application (Home) application (Home) (Business/ Also, the date to approval does not Hurricane (Business/ Business/ (Home) Out of 121,423 households in Galveston Nonprofit) Nonprofit) Ike Nonprofit necessarily affect how soon funds were County, 20,235 were damaged as a result disbursed to those that got approved for of this storm. a loan.

Out of 31,504 businesses in Galveston Days 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 County, the number of damaged Hurricane Completed application “This research was conducted as part of the NIST Center of businesses is unavailable. Harvey Completed Approved application Approved application ***disbursement information Excellence for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning (Business/Nonprofit) application (Home) under Cooperative Agreement 70NANB15H044 between the (Business/Nonprofit) (Home) not provided for Harvey National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Colorado State University. The content expressed in this report are the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions or views of NIST or the U.S Department of Commerce.”