Género E Performance — Textos Essenciais Vol. I

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Género E Performance — Textos Essenciais Vol. I MARIA MANUEL BAPTISTA FERNANDA DE CASTRO (ORG.) Género e Performance T EXTOS ESSENCIAIS 3 TEXTOS DE: Ankica Čakardić Corey Johnson Derek Hall Donald E. Morton Erika Fischer-Lichte Fatima El-Tayeb Judith Butler Larissa Latif Lisa Lewis Luce Irigaray Maria Manuel Baptista Mark Devenney Nancy Fraser Rosi Braidotti Stephen Lewis Vivian Kinnaird MARIA MANUEL BAPTISTA FERNANDA DE CASTRO (ORG.) Género e Performance T EXTOS ESSENCIAIS 3 TEXTOS DE: Ankica Čakardić Corey Johnson Derek Hall Donald E. Morton Erika Fischer-Lichte Fatima El-Tayeb Judith Butler Larissa Latif Lisa Lewis Luce Irigaray Maria Manuel Baptista Mark Devenney Nancy Fraser Rosi Braidotti Stephen Lewis Vivian Kinnaird [Ficha Técnica] Inês Carvalho Jacinta Bola Título Joana Pereira Género e Performance Larissa Latif — Textos essenciais Vol. III Maria Manuel Baptista Marta Leitão Organização Simone Rechia Maria Manuel Baptista e Fernanda de Rita Himmel Castro Rodrigo de França Coordenação Editorial Capa Maria Manuel Baptista Grácio Editor Fernanda de Castro Larissa Latif Design gráfico e paginação Grácio Editor Conselho de Revisores Maria Manuel Baptista 1ª edição em outubro de 2020 Fernanda de Castro Larissa Latif ISBN: 978-989-54697-9-6 Alexandre Almeida Belmira Coutinho © Grácio Editor Marta Leitão Travessa da Vila União, Rita Himmel n.º 16, 7.o drt 3030-217 COIMBRA Revisores de Apoio Telef.: 239 084 370 Alcina Fernandes e-mail: [email protected] Alexandre Almeida sítio: www.ruigracio.com António Pernas Belmira Coutinho Reservados todos os direitos Bruno Neca Daniela Piva Esta obra foi financiada por fundos nacio- Fernanda de Castro nais, através da Fundação para a Ciência e Geanine Escobar a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito do projeto Helena Ferreira UIDB/04188/2020. Índice PREFÁCIO Estamos todos juntos nisto? — A peste ou contributos para ............. um mundo pós-pandémico........................................................7 Larissa Latif & Maria Manuel Baptista I. GÉNERO, CAPITALISMO E JUSTIÇA 1. O inumano: vida além da morte...........................................31 Rosi Braidotti Tradução Belmira Coutinho 2. Quem conta como sujeito de justiça? Cidadania nacional, ........... humanidade global ou comunidade transnacional de risco? ...75 Nancy Fraser Tradução Maria Manuel Baptista 3. Da teoria da acumulação à teoria da reprodução social: em defesa do feminismo luxemburguiano ...........................99 Ankica Čakardić Tradução Alcina Fernandes 4. Compreender os processos do turismo: uma estrutura sensível ao género..................................131 Vivian Kinnaird & Derek Hall Tradução Inês Carvalho II. GÉNERO E PERFORMANCES 5. O poder transformador da performance ..............................153 Erika Fischer-Lichte Tradução Jacinta Bola 6. Condições da luta cultural .................................................175 Lisa Lewis Tradução Joana Pereira 5 7. Mas não é assim tão fácil: negociando expressões....................... (trans)género em espaços de lazer......................................195 Stephen Lewis & Corey Johnson Tradução Simone Rechia, Bruno Neca & Rodrigo de França 8. O nascimento do ciberqueer ..............................................229 Donald E. Morton Tradução Alexandre Almeida III. GÉNERO E DEMOCRACIA 9. Democracia é amor ...........................................................259 Luce Irigaray Tradução Fernanda de Castro 10. Um movimento infinito e indefinível................................271 Fatima El-Tayeb Tradução Rita Himmel 11. Entrevista a Judith Butler: Fascismo? Populismo? .................... Democracia?...................................................................293 Judith Butler & Mark Devenney Tradução Catarina Alves & Fernanda de Castro SOBRE AS AUTORAS E OS AUTORES ......................................309 6 Prefácio Estamos todos juntos nisto? — A peste ou contributos para um mundo pós-pandémico Larissa Latif & Maria Manuel Baptista Ao longo de 2020, a infecção por coronavírus, ou COVID-19, tirou centenas de milhares de vidas, infetou milhões de pessoas, derrubou a economia global e lançou uma sombra escura sobre o nosso futuro. Nenhum país foi poupado. Nenhum grupo po- pulacional permanece ileso. Ninguém está imune aos seus im- pactos (ONU, 2020, p.5) Setenta e cinco anos após a última guerra mundial, o mundo encontra-se novamente numa batalha global. Desta vez, toda a humanidade está do mesmo lado contra um inimigo micros- cópico que nos pôs de joelhos, provocando a mais profunda re- cessão global em quase um século e levando cerca de 70-100 milhões de pessoas à extrema pobreza (ONU, 2020, p.12) No dia 1 de abril de 2020, o Secretário-geral das Nações Uni- das, António Guterres, afirmou que a crise do novo coronavírus é o maior desafio da humanidade desde a Segunda Guerra Mun- dial, tanto pela ameaça às vidas humanas quanto pelas conse- quências à economia mundial (Guterres, 2020). O vírus, de origem desconhecida, teria aparecido entre os seres humanos em novembro de 2019, num mercado popular da província de Wuhan, na China. Desde então, a escalada da curva de contágio e de vidas perdidas tem sido massivamente reportada pela imprensa inter- nacional e preocupado gravemente governos nacionais e agências internacionais. O discurso expresso por estas agências nos seus 7 LARISSA LATIF & MARIA MANUEL BAPTISTA diagnósticos, relatórios ou documentos propositivos de ações coor- denadas, tem-se esforçado para construir o problema como uma crise mundial, de proporções planetárias, capaz de alterar per- manentemente os modos de vida que conhecemos, atingindo ainda mais fortemente as populações que já vivem em situação de maior vulnerabilidade, como as mulheres, as crianças e popu- lações habitantes das zonas mais pobres do mundo ou das zonas atingidas pelas inúmeras guerras em curso atualmente (ONU, 2020). As respostas para uma crise de tal magnitude, no dizer destas agências só podem ser eficazes se concertadas, coletivas e inclusivas. “Estamos todos juntos nisto”, afirma um relatório da ONU publicado em setembro de 2020. Ao arrepio dos esforços coletivos e globais, algumas vozes e políticas dissonantes fazem-se notar, como é o caso das reiteradas acusações de Donald Trump contra a China, de que esta teria pri- meiro criado o vírus em laboratório e depois ocultado informações cruciais para evitar a pandemia, com a cumplicidade da OMS (Antena 1, 2020). As acusações de Trump acompanharam uma política de enfrentamento da pandemia desarticulada e ineficaz, tal como a do seu homólogo brasileiro, Jair Bolsonaro, que insiste no emprego da cloroquina no tratamento da doença (BBC News, 2020), o que já foi por diversas vezes desmentido por especialistas internacionais. Também na Bielorrússia, o presidente Alexander Lukashenko minimizou a gravidade da covid-19 ao receitar vodka como tratamento (Reuters, 2020). Em setembro de 2020, a pandemia tornou-se já muito clara- mente não apenas um problema de saúde pública mundial, mas também um desastre económico de assinalável magnitude e co- loca-se a questão de se saber como equilibrar a economia mundial e a curva de contágio, esta que constitui mais um fator de pressão sobre os sistemas públicos de saúde – nos países em que há um sistema público de saúde. O teletrabalho aparece como uma al- ternativa viável ou mesmo altamente desejável para alguns, en- quanto para outros, ineficaz e ansiogénica. O uso de máscaras e outros equipamentos de proteção individual parece ter-se tornado consensual nalguns países, enquanto noutros regista-se ainda pouca adesão. A juventude parece ser o grupo mais refratário ao 8 ESTAMOS TODOS JUNTOS NISTO? – A PESTE OU CONTRIBUTOS PARA UM MUNDO PÓS-PANDÉMICO emprego de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual, como fica pa- tente pelas imagens dos telejornais à porta das escolas na reto- mada do ano letivo de 2020/2021 na Europa. É curioso pensarmos que são também os mais jovens que mais se reclamam fervorosos defensores de uma nova consciência ambiental, necessária para que mudanças efetivas sejam empreendidas, de modo a garantir algum futuro ao planeta. Ou ao menos um futuro no qual a hu- manidade esteja incluída. Outro efeito colateral da pandemia tem sido o aumento da violência contra as mulheres. Da violência doméstica ao risco acrescido de contágio das profissionais que trabalham em hospi- tais, centros de saúde ou como trabalhadoras domésticas, as mu- lheres tem experimentado os efeitos da pandemia sob um aumento da pressão sobre os seus corpos, quadro que mais se agrava quando considerados os fatores interseccionais, como classe e raça, situação de guerra, precariedade dos direitos das mulheres nos contextos socioculturais em que vivem. Estas notas iniciais e esparsas, em sobrevoo pelos destaques da comunicação social e de alguns documentos de referência de agências internacionais como a ONU, oferecem um ponto de par- tida para nos pensarmos algumas questões a respeito da retórica dominante nestes dias, a de uma necessária refundação do mundo a partir de um suposto “novo normal”, que ditará as regras das re- lações laborais, sociais e afetivas num planeta pós-covid-19. A pri- meira destas questões poderia ser: quando começa o pós-covid-19? Significa o mundo depois do fim da pandemia, com a esperada descoberta de uma vacina eficaz ou cura, ou significa o mundo em que já estamos a viver, um mundo no qual a pandemia de covid- 19 causou e causa a sensação diária de estarmos a viver uma es- pécie de apocalipse cotidiano e sem data para acabar? Haverá diferenças, de facto, entre as duas possibilidades? Um segundo problema é que lugar ocupa(re)mos
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