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Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Protected Areas of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

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Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Protected Areas of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico 352 Florida Entomologist 84(3) September 2001 HORSEFLIES (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE) FROM PROTECTED AREAS OF THE YUCATAN PENINSULA, MEXICO P. MANRIQUE-SAIDE1, H. DELFÍN-GONZÁLEZ1 AND S. IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL2 1Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Zoología Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, Yucatán, México 2Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Departamento de Entomología. Km 2.5 antigua carretera a Coatepec Apartado Postal 63, 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, México ABSTRACT Examination of horseflies deposited in the Colección Entomológica Regional of Universidad Autónoma de Yucà Merida, Yucatan, Mexico (CER-UADY) and Instituto Nacional de Diag- nóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Mexico City, Mexico (INDRE) collections revealed a significant number of species and new localities from the Peninsula of Yucatan (PY). Previ- ously published information is summarized, and new information about tabanid species re- ported for PY is presented, with emphasis on the most important protected areas within the biotic province of Yucatan: Celestun, Cuxtal, Dzilam and Ria Lagartos (Yucatan), Calakmul (Campeche), Sian Ka’an and El Eden (Quintana-Roo). Over 5,000 specimens collected by netting, human bait, Malaise traps and light traps were examined. A final list of 29 species, 17 representing state records and three representing PY records, is provided. One species is also reported for the first time from Mexico. Species diversity by state is as follows: Campeche, 19 species, 10 new state records; Quintana Roo, 23 species, 2 new state records; Yucatan, 22 species, 9 new state records. The 29 species reported for the biotic province of Yucatan represents more than 14% of the species known from Mexico. Most of these species have Neotropical or amphitropical affinities. Species showed wide distribution ranges within the biotic province of Yucatan, probably related to climatic and orographic homoge- neity, which define the limits of the province. Key words: Tabanidae, Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico RESUMEN Al revisar los tábanos depositados en las colecciones Colección Entomológica Regional of Universidad Autónoma de Yucà Merida, Yucatan, Mexico (CER-UADY) e Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Mexico City, Mexico (INDRE), encontramos un número importante de especies y nuevos registros de localidades para la Península de Yuca- tán (PY). Compilamos y aportamos nueva información de tábanos reportados para la PY, con énfasis en las áreas protegidas más importantes ubicadas en la Provincia Biótica de Yuca- tán: Celestún, Cuxtal, Dzilam y Ría Lagartos (Yucatán), Calakmul (Campeche), Sian Ka’an y El Edén (Quintana Roo). Se revisaron 5,067 ejemplares recolectados con red entomológica, cebo humano, trampas Malaise y de luz. Incluyendo registros previos y nuevos, obtuvimos un listado final de 29 especies, 17 nuevos registros estatales y tres nuevos registros para la PY. Una especie es nuevo registro para México. La diversidad de especies por estado es la si- guiente: Campeche (19 especies, 10 nuevos registros estatales); Quintana Roo (23 especies, 2 nuevos registros estatales); Yucatan (22 especies, 9 nuevos registros estatales). Las 29 es- pecies reportadas para la Provincia biótica de Yucatán representan más del 14% de las es- pecies conocidas para México. La mayoría de las especies tiene afinidad neotropical o anfitropical. Las especies mostraron un amplio rango de distribución dentro de la provincia biótica de Yucatán, probablemente relacionado con la homogeneidad climática y orográfica que define los límites de la provincia. The family Tabanidae includes approximately cies noted as widely distributed in Mexico (e.g., 4,290 species worldwide, of which nearly one- Diachlorus ferrugatus) might occur in PY. third are Neotropical. In the most recent cata- Based on an extensive literature review, we re- logue of Tabanidae south of the USA, 207 species corded 25 species that had been specifically re- were reported for Mexico, but only 14 species ported for PY from Towsend (1897) to Fairchild & were specifically reported for one or more of the Burger (1994): Catachlorops fulmineus var. ocel- states included within the Peninsula of Yucatan latus Enderlein, Chlorotabanus mexicanus (Lin- (PY) (Fairchild & Burger 1994). However, it was naeus), Chrysops auroguttatus Kröber, C. flavidus considered quite possible that some of the 22 spe- Wiedemann, C. pallidefemoratus Kröber, C. sca- Manrique-Saide et al.: Horseflies from the Yucatan 353 laratus Bellardi, C. variegatus (De Geer), Di- scribed as an area including low level carstic soils, achlorus ferrugatus (Fabricius), Esenbeckia illota without surface running water, situated in the (Williston), Leucotabanus canithorax Fairchild, north of PY up river from the mouths of the L. exaestuans (Linnaeus), L. itzarum (Bequaert), Champoton and Hondo rivers (Alvarez & de Lach- Scione aurulans (Wiedemann), Stenotabanus in- ica 1991). dotatus Ibáñez-Bernal, S. jamaicensis (New- More than 5,000 specimens deposited at CER stead), S. littoreus (Hine), S. pechumani Philip, and INDRE were examined. These specimens Tabanus campechianus Towsend, T. colombensis were collected by netting, human bait, Malaise Macquart, T. commixtus Walker, T. haemagogus traps and light traps. The authors and Adriana Williston, T. occidentalis var. dorsovittatus Mac- Godinez, Herón Huerta, Carmen Martínez, Leti- quart, T. oculus Walker, T. vittiger ssp. guatemala- cia Miranda, Carlos Navarro, Rafael Paz, Cresen- nus Hine and T. yucatanus Towsend. cio Pérez, from INDRE and UADY collected the Furthermore, Ibáñez-Bernal & Coscarón (2000) tabanids. Dr. Atilano Contreras and his team reported (without specific names) 9 species for from Instituto de Biologia UNAM, also provided Campeche, 20 for Quintana Roo, and 10 for Yuca- specimens from Calakmul, Campeche. tan. Our review found 9 species for Campeche, 22 All specimens were collected within seven pro- for Quintana Roo, and 13 for Yucatan. tected areas (defined as terrestrial areas repre- The only previous faunistic studies of the ta- senting different ecosystems and their biodiversity banid fauna within PY were a general list of under special governmental regime of protection Diptera for Sian Ka’an (Ibáñez-Bernal et al. 1990) conservation, restoration and development; SE- and a detailed faunistic work of tabanids for this MARNAP, 1996), Celestun, Cuxtal, Dzilam and protected area (Ibáñez-Bernal 1992). These two Ria Lagartos (Yucatan), Calakmul (Campeche), papers listed 17 species (Catachlorops fulmineus Sian Ka’an and El Eden (Quintana-Roo) repre- var. ocellatus, Chlorotabanus mexicanus, Chrysops senting almost 10% of PY land area (Fig. 1). For flavidus, C. scalaratus, C. variegatus, Diachlorus details about species and collection localities of ferrugatus, Leucotabanus canithorax, L. itzarum, Sian Ka’an readers are referred to Ibañez-Bernal Stenotabanus indotatus, S. jamaicensis, S. lit- (1992). There are few records from El Eden, but toreus, Tabanus campechianus, T. colombensis, these were included because of their importance T. commixtus, T. occidentalis var. dorsovittatus, although it is clear that its tabanid diversity is T. oculus and T. vittiger ssp. guatemalanus). poorly known. Other localities of the states were These 17 species, plus four unconfirmed records also included. Even though political borders do by Ibáñez-Bernal (C. auroguttatus, E. illota, not have any biological meaning, they are useful S. aurulans and T. yucatanus) gives a total of 22 to reference localities where species are recorded. species for Quintana Roo. Only 10 of the species The localities in PY are shown in Fig. 1. had been previously reported. ABBREVIATIONS MATERIALS AND METHODS INDRE = Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Study Area Referencia Epidemiológicos; CER-UADY = Colec- ción Entomológica Regional of Universidad Au- PY is situated in southeast Mexico and has a tónoma de Yucatán; CD = Coastal dune; DTF = surface area of 142,523 km2. PY inland vegetation Deciduous tropical forest; M = Mangrove; P = Pe- is tropical, mostly covered by short or medium ten; PY = Peninsula of Yucatan. sized dry deciduous forests, although there are some patches of high perennial forest. Coastal vegetation includes dunes, mangroves, marshes RESULTS and petenes. The peten includes mangrove, short and medium sized deciduous forests and swamp Identification of 5, 067 specimens provided a vegetation elements. A more detailed description list of 23 species (Table 1) including 17 state of dominant vegetation can be found in Flores & records (see species accounts), and 3 records for Espejel (1994). An interesting feature is the lack PY (Lepiselaga crassipes, Phaeotabanus longiap- of surface running water, although there are some pendiculatus, Tabanus pungens). One species temporary ponds and cenotes (depressions in the (Chrysops varians) is recorded for the first time karst landscape filled with groundwater) (Bren- from Mexico. Seventeen state records were con- ner et al. 1995). firmed and six species previously reported for PY PY includes the Mexican states of Campeche, (Catachlorops fulmineus var. ocellatus, Chrysops Quintana Roo and Yucatan. PY includes two bi- auroguttatus, Esenbeckia illota, Scione aurulans, otic provinces: biotic province of Yucatan (north- Stenotabanus indotatus and S. pechumani) were ern PY) and Peten (southern PY) (Barrera 1962; not found in this study. Alvarez & de Lachica 1991). The present report At present, including previous and new deals with the biotic province of Yucatan, de-
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