An Application of the Theory of Laser to Nitrogen Laser Pumped Dye Laser

Copy Link

Recommended publications

HD DVD: Manufacturing Was Developed.This Recorder Is Equipped with a 257Nm Gas Laser (Frequency Doubled Ar+ Laser)

paper r& white d Six years ago, the LDM 3692 DUV recorder HD DVD: Manufacturing was developed.This recorder is equipped with a 257nm gas laser (frequency doubled Ar+ laser). All options with regards to future for- mats were still open at that time.The recorder features two recording spots, with a wobble The New Format option on both. This recorder is an adequate R&D tool to record HD DVD. BY DR. DICK VERHAART, from 740nm to 400nm. To read these smaller For HD DVD stamper manufacturing, a Singulus Mastering information structures, it is necessary to use recorder with a 266nm solid state laser was PETER KNIPS, blue diode lasers with a wavelength of 405nm developed. This system contains a stable and Singulus EMould instead of the 650nm red lasers used for CD easy to operate solid state laser, with a much DIETER WAGNER, and DVD. longer lifetime than the gas laser. As all pro- Singulus Technologies AG An advanced copy protection system will posed next-generation formats require only The third generation of optical disc formats is give better protection than what was avail- one spot, the system has a single recording set to arrive on the market by the end of this able for CD and DVD with mandatory serializ- spot. Spot deflection, required to create the year.As with Blu-ray Disc, the HD DVD format ing of each single HD DVD. The serialization groove wobble in the recordable and was developed to tremendously increase the will take place on the aluminum covered layer rewritable formats, is available as an option.
Ultrafast Fiber Lasers Enabled by Highly Nonlinear Pulse Evolutions

ULTRAFAST FIBER LASERS ENABLED BY HIGHLY NONLINEAR PULSE EVOLUTIONS A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Walter Pupin Fu August 2019 c 2019 Walter Pupin Fu ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ULTRAFAST FIBER LASERS ENABLED BY HIGHLY NONLINEAR PULSE EVOLUTIONS Walter Pupin Fu, Ph.D. Cornell University 2019 Ultrafast lasers have had tremendous impact on both science and applications, far beyond what their inventors could have imagined. Commercially-available solid-state lasers can readily generate coherent pulses lasting only a few tens of femtoseconds. The availability of such short pulses, and the huge peak in- tensities they enable, has allowed scientists and engineers to probe and manip- ulate materials to an unprecedented degree. Nevertheless, the scope of these advances has been curtailed by the complexity, size, and unreliability of such devices. For all the progress that laser science has made, most ultrafast lasers remain bulky, solid-state systems prone to misalignments during heavy use. The advent of fiber lasers with capabilities approaching that of traditional, solid-state lasers offers one means of solving these problems. Fiber systems can be fully integrated to be alignment-free, while their waveguide structure en- sures nearly perfect beam quality. However, these advantages come at a cost: the tight confinement and long interaction lengths make both linear and non- linear effects significant in shaping pulses. Much research over the past few decades has been devoted to harnessing and managing these effects in the pur- suit of fiber lasers with higher powers, stronger intensities, and shorter pulse durations.
Argon-Ion and Helium-Neon Lasers

Argon-Ion and Helium- Neon Lasers The one source for gas lasers What makes Lumentum the choice for argon-ion and helium-neon (HeNe) lasers? Whether you are involved in medical research, semiconductor manufacturing, high-speed printing, or Your Source for another demanding application, we have the expertise, commitment, and technology to ensure you get the best solution for your need. With more than 35 years of experience, we have an unmatched Successful gas laser production requires extraordinary care understanding of the gas laser market. That understanding has during the manufacturing process. Every individual throughout led us to devote extensive resources to help establish a premier, each production stage, from engineering and procurement to Gas Lasers high-volume manufacturing facility. Located in Thailand, the manufacturing and quality control, is attuned to the highly facility produces lasers of the highest standard. And we maintain sensitive nature of the applications for which these products are that standard through regional quality management, on-site used. Consequently, we can assure the steady supply of quality supplier quality engineering, and regular quality audits. products to our customers around the globe. Our products are being used in customers’ new systems and as replacement components in the large installed base of existing systems. 2 3 Key Gas Laser Applications Known for their longevity and predictable electrical and optical performance characteristics, our lasers are being used in a wide variety of applications. Medical Research University, medical, and government laboratories on the cusp of new discoveries rely on instruments designed with Lumentum argon-ion and HeNe lasers for cell mapping, genome analysis, and DNA sequencing.
Population Inversion X-Ray Laser Oscillator

Population inversion X-ray laser oscillator Aliaksei Halavanaua, Andrei Benediktovitchb, Alberto A. Lutmanc , Daniel DePonted, Daniele Coccoe , Nina Rohringerb,f, Uwe Bergmanng , and Claudio Pellegrinia,1 aAccelerator Research Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025; bCenter for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg 22607, Germany; cLinac & FEL division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025; dLinac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025; eLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; fDepartment of Physics, Universitat¨ Hamburg, Hamburg 20355, Germany; and gStanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 Contributed by Claudio Pellegrini, May 13, 2020 (sent for review March 23, 2020; reviewed by Roger Falcone and Szymon Suckewer) Oscillators are at the heart of optical lasers, providing stable, X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), ﬁrst proposed in 1992 transform-limited pulses. Until now, laser oscillators have been (8, 9) and developed from the late 1990s to today (10), are a rev- available only in the infrared to visible and near-ultraviolet (UV) olutionary tool to explore matter at the atomic length and time spectral region. In this paper, we present a study of an oscilla- scale, with high peak power, transverse coherence, femtosecond tor operating in the 5- to 12-keV photon-energy range. We show pulse duration, and nanometer to angstrom wavelength range, that, using the Kα1 line of transition metal compounds as the but with limited longitudinal coherence and a photon energy gain medium, an X-ray free-electron laser as a periodic pump, and spread of the order of 0.1% (11).
PG0308 Pulsed Dye Laser Therapy for Cutaneous Vascular Lesions

Pulsed Dye Laser Therapy for Cutaneous Vascular Lesions Policy Number: PG0308 ADVANTAGE | ELITE | HMO Last Review: 09/22/2017 INDIVIDUAL MARKETPLACE | PROMEDICA MEDICARE PLAN | PPO GUIDELINES This policy does not certify benefits or authorization of benefits, which is designated by each individual policyholder contract. Paramount applies coding edits to all medical claims through coding logic software to evaluate the accuracy and adherence to accepted national standards. This guideline is solely for explaining correct procedure reporting and does not imply coverage and reimbursement. SCOPE X Professional _ Facility DESCRIPTION Port-wine stains (PWS) are a type of vascular lesion involving the superficial capillaries of the skin. At birth, the lesions typically appear as flat, faint, pink macules. With increasing age, they darken and become raised, red-to- purple nodules and papules in adults. Congenital hemangiomas are benign tumors of the vascular endothelium that appear at or shortly after birth. Hemangiomas are characterized by rapid proliferation in infancy and a period of slow involution that can last for several years. Complete regression occurs in approximately 50% of children by 5 years of age and 90% of children by 9 years of age. The goals of pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy for cutaneous vascular lesions, specifically PWS lesions and hemangiomas, are to remove, lighten, reduce in size, or cause regression of the lesions to relieve symptoms, to alleviate or prevent medical or psychological complications, and to improve cosmetic appearance. This is accomplished by the preferential absorption of PDL energy by the hemoglobin within these vascular lesions, which causes their thermal destruction while sparing the surrounding normal tissues.
Solid State Laser

SOLID STATE LASER Edited by Amin H. Al-Khursan Solid State Laser Edited by Amin H. Al-Khursan Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Iva Simcic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published February, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Solid State Laser, Edited by Amin H.
Experimental Results on Advanced Inertial Fusion Schemes Obtained

NUKLEONIKA 2012;57(1):3−10 ORIGINAL PAPER Experimental results Dimitri Batani, Leonida A. Gizzi, Petra Koester, Luca Labate, on advanced inertial fusion Javier Honrubia, Luca Antonelli, Alessio Morace, Luca Volpe, Jorge J. Santos, Guy Schurtz, schemes obtained Sebastien Hulin, Xavier Ribeyre, Philippe Nicolai, Benjamin Vauzour, within the HiPER project Fabien Dorchies, Wiger Nazarov, John Pasley, Maria Richetta, Kate Lancaster, Christopher Spindloe, Martin Tolley, David Neely, Michaela Kozlová, Jaroslav Nejdl, Bedrich Rus, Jerzy Wołowski, Jan Badziak Abstract. This paper presents the results of experiments conducted within the Work Package 10 (fusion experimental programme) of the HiPER project. The aim of these experiments was to study the physics relevant for advanced ignition schemes for inertial confinement fusion, i.e. the fast ignition and the shock ignition. Such schemes allow to achieve a higher fusion gain compared to the indirect drive approach adopted in the National Ignition Facility in United States, which is important for the future inertial fusion energy reactors and for realising the inertial fusion with smaller facilities. Key words: advanced ignition schemes • fast ignition • shock ignition • inertial fusion • propagation of fast electrons • short-pulse ultra-high-intensity laser • shock compressed matter • cylindrical implosions Introduction D. Batani , J. J. Santos, G. Schurtz, S. Hulin, In 2006 the European Strategy Forum on Research X. Ribeyre, P. Nicolai, B. Vauzour, F. Dorchies Infrastructures (ESFRI) included the HiPER Project CELIA, Université de Bordeaux/CNRS/CEA, (European High Power Laser Energy Research Facility) Talence, 33405, France, in the European roadmap for Research Infrastructures. Tel.: +33 0 5 4000 3753, Fax: + 33 0 5 4000 2580, The goals of the HiPER project are to perform a feasi- E-mail: [email protected] bility study, choose a design and then construct a high- -energy laser facility for research on the production of L.
Construction of a Flashlamp-Pumped Dye Laser and an Acousto-Optic

; UNITED STATES APARTMENT OF COMMERCE oUBLICATION NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 603 / v \ f ''ttis oi Construction of a Flashlamp-Pumped Dye Laser U.S. EPARTMENT OF COMMERCE and an Acousto-Optic Modulator National Bureau of for Mode-Locking Iandards — NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 The National Bureau of Standards was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measure- ment system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Center for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scien- tific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radia- tion Research, an Office of Measurement Services and the following divisions: Applied Mathematics—Electricity—Heat—Mechanics—Optical Physics—Linac Radiation 2—Nuclear Radiation 2—Applied Radiation 2—Quantum Electronics 3— Electromagnetics 3—Time and Frequency 3 —Laboratory Astrophysics3—Cryo- 3 genics .
Rate Equations

Ultrafast Optical Physics II (SoSe 2019) Lecture 4, May 3, 2019 (1) Laser rate equations (2) Laser CW operation: stability and relaxation oscillation (3) Q-switching: active and passive 1 Possible laser cavity configurations The laser (oscillator) concept explained using a circuit model. 2 Self-consistent in steady state V.A. Lopota and H. Weber, fundamentals of the semiclassical laser theory 3 Laser rate equations Interaction cross section: [Unit: cm2] !") ") Spontaneous = −*") = − !$ τ21 emission § Interaction cross section is the probability that an interaction will occur between EM !" field and the atomic system. # = −'" ( !$ # § Interaction cross section only depends Absorption on the dipole matrix element and the linewidth of the transition !" ) Stimulated = −'")( !$ emission 4 How to achieve population inversion? relaxation relaxation rate relaxation Induced transitions Pumping rate relaxation Pumping by rate absorption relaxation relaxation rate Four-level gain medium 5 Laser rate equations for three-level laser medium If the relaxation rate is much faster than and the number of possible stimulated emission events that can occur , we can set N1 = 0 and obtain only a rate equation for the upper laser level: This equation is identical to the equation for the inversion of the two-level system: upper level lifetime equilibrium upper due to radiative and level population w/o non-radiative photons present processes 6 More on laser rate equations Laser gain material V:= Aeff L Mode volume fL: laser frequency I: Intensity vg: group velocity
A Laser (From the Acronym Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) Is an Optical Source That Emits Photons in a Coherent Beam

LASER A laser (from the acronym Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is an optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. The verb to lase means "to produce coherent light" or possibly "to cut or otherwise treat with coherent light", and is a back- formation of the term laser. Laser light is typically near-monochromatic, i.e. consisting of a single wavelength or color, and emitted in a narrow beam. This is in contrast to common light sources, such as the incandescent light bulb, which emit incoherent photons in almost all directions, usually over a wide spectrum of wavelengths. Laser action is explained by the theories of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics. Many materials have been found to have the required characteristics to form the laser gain medium needed to power a laser, and these have led to the invention of many types of lasers with different characteristics suitable for different applications. The laser was proposed as a variation of the maser principle in the late 1950's, and the first laser was demonstrated in 1960. Since that time, laser manufacturing has become a multi- billion dollar industry, and the laser has found applications in fields including science, industry, medicine, and consumer electronics. Contents [hide] 1 Physics 2 History 2.1 Recent innovations 3 Uses 3.1 Popular misconceptions 3.2 "LASER" 3.3 Scientific misconceptions 4 Laser safety 5 Categories 5.1 By type 5.2 By output power 6 See also 7 Further reading 7.1 Books 7.2 Periodicals 8 References 9 External links [edit] Physics See also: Laser science Principal components: 1.
Nitrogen Laser Emissions of Short and Long Durations Generated in Air Mladen M

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, VOL. 48, NO. 3, MARCH 2020 647 Nitrogen Laser Emissions of Short and Long Durations Generated in Air Mladen M. Kekez and David M. Villeneuve Abstract— This article describes two sets of experiments. pressure, the excitation of the N2 molecules, and consequently An eight-stage, pulse-forming network (PFN) Marx generator the laser emission would yield only short duration light pulses, of 50- internal impedance produces a “square”-shaped voltage from one nanosecond down to some tens of picoseconds. waveform and induces multiphoton ionization, excitation of molecules and ions to generate laser pulses of long (<3 μs) and From the research and development on CO2 lasers, it was short (∼10 ns) durations in air, when the principal laser line of learned that the delay in the transition from the glow-like the N laser at 337.1 nm was observed. The visible blue laser discharge to a fully developed spark channel is possible, when 2 + lines coming from the ﬁrst negative band of N2 ions due to the the characteristic impedance of the driver is of relatively large 2 + → 2 + B u X g transition at 391.4 and 427.8 nm were studied. value (>10 ). The wideband (300–800 nm) Schott BG 39 interference ﬁlter was To explore the importance, the nine-stage Marx generator also employed to examine whether some other lines participate in the emission being generated. The scaling law was derived of 18- internal impedance was used in [5]. The electro- describing the attenuation of theemissionversusthedistance magnetic radiation pulses were observed both at the single for long-duration pulses (<3 μs) at 337.1 nm.
The Science and Applications of Ultrafast, Ultraintense Lasers

THE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST, ULTRAINTENSE LASERS: Opportunities in science and technology using the brightest light known to man A report on the SAUUL workshop held, June 17-19, 2002 THE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST, ULTRAINTENSE LASERS (SAUUL) A report on the SAUUL workshop, held in Washington DC, June 17-19, 2002 Workshop steering committee: Philip Bucksbaum (University of Michigan) Todd Ditmire (University of Texas) Louis DiMauro (Brookhaven National Laboratory) Joseph Eberly (University of Rochester) Richard Freeman (University of California, Davis) Michael Key (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) Wim Leemans (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) David Meyerhofer (LLE, University of Rochester) Gerard Mourou (CUOS, University of Michigan) Martin Richardson (CREOL, University of Central Florida) 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents . 3 Executive Summary . 5 1. Introduction . 7 1.1 Overview . 7 1.2 Summary . 8 1.3 Scientific Impact Areas . 9 1.4 The Technology of UULs and its impact. .13 1.5 Grand Challenges. .15 2. Scientific Opportunities Presented by Research with Ultrafast, Ultraintense Lasers . .17 2.1 Basic High-Field Science . .18 2.2 Ultrafast X-ray Generation and Applications . .23 2.3 High Energy Density Science and Lab Astrophysics . .29 2.4 Fusion Energy and Fast Ignition. .34 2.5 Advanced Particle Acceleration and Ultrafast Nuclear Science . .40 3. Advanced UUL Technology . .47 3.1 Overview . .47 3.2 Important Research Areas in UUL Development. .48 3.3 New Architectures for Short Pulse Laser Amplification . .51 4. Present State of UUL Research Worldwide . .53 5. Conclusions and Findings . .61 Appendix A: A Plan for Organizing the UUL Community in the United States .