N E W S L E T T E R O F T H E A M E R I C A N S C H O O L O F C L A S S I C A L S T U D I E S AT AT H E N S

ákoueákoueSummer 2004, No. 52

The Olympic Torch passes through the Agora Excavations, page 2

Photo by Craig Mauzy.

IN THIS ISSUE: Corinth Set for a Facelift 3 Acropolis Photos Exhibited 4 New Appointments, Members Announced 4 Thessaloniki Conference 5 Nelson Joins Staff 5 Student Reports: Theater in Byzantium, Foundation Rituals, and the Greek Stoa 6 Cotsen Hall Near Ready 7 Wiener Lab: Shorelines of the Greek Islands, Phytolith Analysis, Animal Bones from Limenaria 14 Archaeo- logical Clippings Archive Revived 18 INSERT: Gennadeion Launches Medieval Greek Program G1 New Acquisition on Astronomy G1 Kapetanakis Archive G2 “Boegehold Pipeline” Completed G3 Kalligas Leaves Director’s Post G3 Fermor Honored G4 ákoue!

Photo: Catherine deG. Vanderpool Clockwise from top: Plain of Marathon, August 27, 2004: Men’s canoeing singles final in the Schinias Rowing Center; Cyclists lean into the turn from Souidias to Gennadeion Streets, Men’s Road Race, August 14; Olympic Stadium architect Santiago Calatrava’s pedestrian bridge at Katehaki; Statue of Photo: James Sickinger “The Runner” by sculptor Kostas Varotsos gets a thorough cleaning.

Photo: Loeta Tyree Photo: Loeta Tyree AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS The Olympics Come, and Go 54 Souidias Street, GR-106 76 Athens, Greece 6–8 Charlton Street, Princeton, NJ 08540-5232 Student Associate Members Samantha and modernized public transportation sys- Martin and Antonia Stamos donned blue, tem—seemed very ancient, and very Greek. ákoue, the newsletter of the ASCSA Summer 2004 No. 52 orange, yellow, and white uniforms and At the end of it all, even the most doubt- joined 45,000 Greek and international vol- ing admitted that Athens’ Olympics had Executive Editor unteers in welcoming the world to Athens; succeeded beyond all expectations, from Catherine deG. Vanderpool John Camp guided Today’s Katie Couric and the brilliant, cerebral opening ceremony Editorial Associate millions of viewers around the Acropolis through days and nights of almost seam- Sally Fay and Agora, while Tom Brogan and Jeff Soles lessly organized games and cultural events Editorial Assistant introduced them to Mochlos; David Roma- —laced, almost inevitably, with scandal Caitlin Verfenstein no wrote an every-other-day chronicle for and politics—to the closing-night spectacle Design & Production the Web; family and friends of Australian that brought 70,000 people to their feet, Mary Jane Gavenda swimming star Jodie Henry staying at Lor- dancing and singing in architect Santiago ákoue is published semiannually by the ing Hall cheered as she won two gold med- Calatrava’s dramatically re-conceptualized ASCSA under the inspiration of Doreen als; and School staff and members gawked Olympic Stadium. Surely Greece is where C. Spitzer, Trustee Emerita. Please address as Olympics cyclists took on the corner of the Olympic Games belong, permanent- all correspondence and inquiries to the Souidias and Gennadeion Streets not once ly—who else but its founders can truly Newsletter Editor, ASCSA U.S. Office, 6–8 but 17 times in their nearly six-hour road capture the “agon,” the “noos,” and the Charlton Street, Princeton, NJ 08540-5232. race around central Athens. The School “idoni,” with more than a dash of “hubris” Tel: (609) 683-0800; Fax: (609) 924-0578; family and all of Athens embarked on a and “politiki,” that make up this unique E-mail: ascsa@ ascsa.org; Website: www. e ascsa. edu.gr. two-week-long Olympics panegyri which— celebration of the human spirit. in spite of glamorous new sports facilities

2 Ancient Corinth Set for a Facelift

The Central Archaeological Council (KAS) of the Greek Ministry of Culture has ap- proved a site management plan that prom- ises to transform the way visitors are in- troduced to Ancient Corinth, the School’s oldest continuing excavation. Prepared by Corinth Excavations Director Guy D.R. Sanders and Corinth Excavations archi- tect James Herbst, in collaboration with the Ephoreia of the Corinthia under the direction of Alexander Mandis and with coordination provided by School Gener- al Manager Pantelis Panos, the plan will be funded by a European Union grant of 880,000 Euros. According to Mr. Mandis, work will get underway later this year, with Rendering: James Herbst completion projected for next year. Elevation of the proposed modifications to Ancient Corinth’s main entrance. The development of a site management plan for Ancient Corinth has been under discussion for many years. The rapid sub- The workshop was followed by a visit on the site is brought under control, next urbanization of the Corinthia has presented to Corinth by Timothy Whalen, Director of steps can focus on conserving, consolidat- a challenge for archaeologists and planners The GCI, and Mr. Solar. The next year, in May ing, and maintaining those parts of the site alike. Astride a narrow fertile plain link- 2000, a workshop at Loutraki sponsored by at greatest risk. ing major land and sea routes between the The GCI and Loyola Marymount Univer- The plan calls for a new parking area Aegean and the Adriatic seas, Corinth has sity explored issues of heritage management that will be located on the old excavation been both blessed and cursed by its loca- using Corinth as a discussion case. The main dump north of the Temple of Apollo. This tion. In antiquity, it was one of the most papers of the workshop were edited by the means buses and cars will now park in an powerful and prosperous cities of ancient organizers, Jeanne Marie Teutonico and area that is both less visible from the site Greece, controlling commerce between Gaetano Palumbo, in a volume entitled Man- and safer for pedestrians than the current east and west, as well as the gateway to agement Planning for Archaeological Sites, location. The ticket office and bookshop as the Peloponnese. Later, its fortress served published by The GCI in 2002. well as bathroom facilities will be situated succeeding conquerors for domination of After the Loutraki workshop, Mr. Sand- next to the car park, and visitors will have this key trading and military crossroads. ers, Mr. Herbst, Mr. Panos, specialists from the choice of several different routes into In the past few years, this narrow strip of The GCI, members of the Greek Ephoreia, the site: either directly to the museum, to land has been overwhelmed by a swirl of and local governments began work in ear- the Temple of Apollo, or to the Forum area. highways funneling people south toward nest on Corinth’s site management plan. Of Although visitors will not be restricted to the Tripolis or east toward Patras. central importance in the plan is improved pathways, these will provide the easiest and In 1997, Mr. Sanders and colleagues access to the site’s attractions for the esti- most comfortable means accessing the site, from the School and elsewhere held their mated 160,000 visitors annually, and at the and will be marked with site information first tentative discussions concerning a re- same time managing tourist traffic in those boards at key points. Those areas in danger sponse to this accelerated development. On areas where monuments are in danger of of collapse will be secured, and the entire the advice of Nicholas Stanley-Price, then further erosion. Once the wear and tear site is to be surrounded by new fencing. e at the Institute of Archaeology of University College, London, Mr. Sanders contacted The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), School Announces Mellon Fellows and in the spring of 1998, Giora Solar of the GCI and Marian True, Curator of An- The Andrew G. Mellon Foundation’s cal and Hellenistic Greek graffiti from Thra- tiquities and Assistant Director for Villa East-Central European Research Fellows ce. Veronica Rusu-Bolindet, who is with the Planning at The Getty, visited Corinth. Fol- program, administered by the Council of National History Museum of Transylvania, lowing on the visit, in July 1999 The Getty American Overseas Research Centers, will will focus on eastern sigillata wares found in hosted a workshop on site management bring four scholars to the School in the the Greek cities on the western shore of the organized in collaboration with the School coming academic year. Recipients include Black Sea. The Polish Academy of Science’s and involving Mr. Sanders, Trustees Her- Ivan Gatsov from the New Bulgarian Uni- Krysztof Nowicki, who has worked for a bert L. Lucas and Lloyd E. Cotsen, Manag- versity in Sofia, who will research the pro- number of years in Crete, plans to complete ing Committee Chair Stephen V. Tracy, and duction and exchange of stone tools during the final report for publication on the exca- School Executive Vice President Catherine the Bronze Age to the Classical period in the vations at Katalimata. deG. Vanderpool. Southern Balkans. From Sofia University, For details on the Mellon Program, con- Lidia Domaradzka plans to work on Classi- sult the School’s website: www.ascsa.edu.gr.

3 Fairfield University Hosting Exhibition of Acropolis Photos

Close professional ties between School Managing Committee Member Katherine Schwab, Associate Professor at Fairfield University, and Socratis Mavrommatis, chief photographer of the Acropolis Res- toration Service, have led to the selection of Fairfield University as the first North American venue of an exhibition displaying nearly 100 photographs of the Acropolis restoration. Opening September 15 at the University’s Thomas J. Walsh Art Gallery, “Photographs of the Athenian Acropolis: The Restoration Project” will be on display through Sunday, December 5. The exhibi- tion, organized by The Acropolis Resto- ration Service of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Fairfield University, is partic- ularly timely coming on the heels of the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Notes Ms. Schwab, “Attention and interest in Athens, its antiquities, and its cultural traditions will be very much in the news.” Photo: S. Mavrommatis The collection of nearly 100 black-and- Beginning of the work on restoration at the Parthenon: dismantling of the northeast white photographs includes a photo of a part of the sima with the lion-head false spout (1986). section of the Parthenon’s marble floor, details of architecture and sculpture, and one very large color photograph of the and scientific documentation through close detail. Acropolis taken in late afternoon from the photography, he has chronicled the entire The photographs were on exhibit in nearby hill of the Pnyx. Shot over a quarter restoration, producing thousands of pho- 2003 at University College in London, Eng- of a century, the photos were taken by Mr. tos of the individual temples and buildings land, and have also been shown in Brus- Mavrommatis, who dedicated his talents in summer’s blazing heat, in different light, sels and Rome. For more information, call to documenting its ongoing work. Long and even in the rare winter snowfall, reveal- Fairfield University at 203-254-4010, ext. intrigued by the potential melding of art ing astonishing aerial views and whimsical 2969. e

Managing Committee Announces Appointments, New Members

At the May meetings of the School’s Manag- of New Jersey) and Christina Salowey (Hol- of Davidson College and Paula Perlman ing Committee, Chairman Rhys F. Townsend lins University) as Gertrude Smith Profes- of the University of Texas at Austin to announced the appointment of John H. sors for 2005, to direct Summer Sessions I the Executive Committee for 2004–08; Oakley as Andrew W. Mellon Professor of (the Munns) and II (Ms. Riccardi and Ms. Gerald Lalonde of Grinnell College and Classical Studies beginning in Fall 2005 for a Salowey). Two new Managing Committee Robert Pounder of Vassar College to the three-year appointment. Currently Chancel- representatives, James Clauss (University of Committee on the Gennadius Library for lor Professor and Forrest D. Murden Profes- Washington), replacing Daniel P. Harmon, 2004–08; ,Jeffrey Hurwit of the University sor of Classics at the College of William and and new member Betsey Ann Robinson of Oregon to the Committee on Person- Mary, Mr. Oakley has published widely on (Harvard University) were also approved. nel for 2004–09; Barbara Barletta of the classical vase-painting and iconography. In The Managing Committee also voted on University of Florida in Gainsville to the 1997–98, he was at the School as Whitehead committee membership. Richard Martin of Committee on Publications for 2004–09; Visiting Professor, and in 1986 as a Summer Stanford University was elected to the Com- Clayton Lehman of the University of South Session Director. He has represented the mittee on Admission and Fellowships for Dakota to the Committee on the Summer College of William and Mary on the Manag- 2004–08; Mary Voyatzis of the University Sessions for 2004–08; Mary Stiner of the ing Committee for many years, and has held of Arizona to the Committee on the Ble- University of Arizona to the Committee on numerous committee assignments. gen Library for 2004–08; Brendan Burke the Wiener Laboratory for 2004–09; and The Managing Committee also con- of the University of Victoria, Greta Ham Jack Davis of the University of Cincinnati firmed the appointment of Mark and Mary of Bucknell University, and Carol Lawton to the Excavation and Survey Committee Lou Zimmerman Munn (Pennsylvania State of Lawrence University to the Committee for 2004–08. e University) and Lee Ann Riccardi (College on Committees for 2004–06; Peter Krentz

4 Thessaloniki Highlights: Golden Macedonians, Cult of Zeus Maximus

For the seventeenth time, archaeologists excavating in Macedonia and Thrace convened early this year in Thessaloniki to present the results of their work. Among the attendees was School Archi- vist Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan, who recounts several notable discoveries.

The highlight of this year’s “Conference the role metals played in their construc- on Archaeological Work in Macedonia and tion. Two of the cremations seem to have Thrace” was a report by Dimitris Pander- belonged to men, since they were adorned malis on excavations at the Temple of Zeus with spearheads and strigils; another, ap- Maximus, discovered recently at Dion. parently belonging to a female, contained Mr. Pandermalis has unearthed from the oinochoai, unguentaria, rings, a number muddy soil an altar of the temple, many of small wooden boxes, and a box hold- marble eagles, the base for the cult statue, ing drugs. and the seated statue of Zeus Maximus, the Michael C. Nelson, new Assistant Professor Ongoing excavations at Maroneia, a of Classical Studies cult of whom is identified through several well-known site on the Thracian coast, dedications to ∆ι Υψστω. Also at Dion, have revealed important information architect George Karadedos has found the about the Roman period of the city, during Nelson Joins ASCSA ancient stadium, located near the theater, which time Maroneia reached a new level of separate from the sanctuary. prosperity. The excavations uncovered an Academic Staff In Thrace, archaeologist Diamantis Tri- impressive propylon and the remains of a Michael C. Nelson (Macalester College) antafyllos continued excavation of the large huge building of the late second/early third has joined the School’s academic staff as tumulus with the funerary carts (reported century A.D., which might have served as Assistant Professor of Classical Studies, ef- on in ákoue, no. 50, p. 9), situated near Or- grain storage because of its proximity to fective July 1, for a one-year term. estiada. This year’s excavations brought to the harbor and propylon. An Associate Member of the School in light the remains of five carts and four cre- In Samothrace, at the site of Mikro Vou- 2001–02, Mr. Nelson received a B.A. in art mations. It is suspected that the tumulus, ni, archaeologist Dimitris Matsas has found history and a bachelor’s degree in environ- which dates to the late first/early second Late Minoan sherds as well as an LMIA mental design from the University of Min- century A.D., was the family burial plot Minoan seal made of serpentinite. Two nesota, and holds M.A. and Ph.D. degrees of a wealthy estate-owner in the area. The other seals with hieroglyphics have been from the University of Toronto. His field of state of preservation of the carts varies: the found in the past at Mikro Vouni—mount- specialty is ancient architecture from the wooden parts of one remain in remarkable ing evidence to suggest that the Minoans Bronze Age to Roman periods. condition, providing important informa- had extended their commercial interests to Mr. Nelson has conducted field research tion about the cart’s wooden frame; other the northeast Aegean. in Greece and Israel since 1987. His Ph.D. carts, which still bear some of their original To the west, at Argilos, archaeologist dissertation, “The Architecture of Epano metal components, offer better evidence for Zissis Bonias excavated the area near the Englianos, Greece,” a detailed examina- Managing Committee Announces Appointments, New Members ancient harbor, revealing stratified evidence tion of the built features of the Bronze for continuous habitation from the seventh Age Palace of Nestor, was the culmination century (before the colonization of the site of a decade of field seasons working with by Andros) to the fourth century B.C. Of the Minnesota Archaeological Researches particular interest is his observation that in the Western Peloponnesos (MARWP) the imported Corinthian pottery at Argi- under the direction of Frederick Cooper. los differs from that discovered in Thasos. With its publication anticipated in 2005, Could this difference be attributed to the the volume promises to be a major con- varied characters of the two settlements tribution to Bronze Age architecture and (domestic vs. sacred) or perhaps to differ- Mycenaean studies. Mr. Nelson’s current ent commercial routes? project involves the publication of a Roman Francine Blonde presented a compre- Corinthian temple at Omrit, Israel. hensive study of the pottery from a num- Currently an adjunct faculty member ber of securely dated ceramic deposits with the College of Visual Arts in St. Paul, from Thasos. An examination of the de- Minnesota, Mr. Nelson was previously a posits shows that fine Attic pottery was teaching assistant at the University of To- imported steadily throughout the fourth ronto and the University of Minnesota. century, while coarse and plain pottery was Throughout his career, he has taught stu- produced locally. Interestingly enough, al- The cult statue of Zeus Maximus at Dion, dents in the field at excavations at Mes- though Thasian wine amphoras are found sene, Pylos, and Israel and has lectured to as it appears on poster for the Conference in most sites on the Thracian coast (Ab- on Archaeological Work in Macedonia members of the ASCSA Summer Sessions and Thrace. continued on page 7 at the Pylos Excavations. e

5 working stiffs punching the clock for their Student Reports pay. And when this kind of raunchy, Fox- TV-quality entertainment dies out, we have Autopsy, Wake, or Rebirth? to ask ourselves honestly, “Was it really Some Thoughts on the that great a loss?” Next, given the mode in which most Greek tragedies were trans- Histories of Theater and mitted—with the so-called “play” visually Ritual in Byzantium under siege, competing for the eye’s atten- tion with frames of commentary and meta- ANDREW W. WHITE commentary—it is hard to conceive exactly FULBRIGHT FELLOW, 2003–2004 what the experience of ancient drama may have been like for the average Byzantine One day during John Camp’s recent tour reader. Then, there is the issue of music: of Asia Minor, after admiring the temple of what happens when the theater musicians Dionysus/Caracalla at Pergamon and puz- are thrown out of work? Does the music zling over the post-holes in the theater at just stop? If it keeps going, what survives, the temple’s feet, I clambered down the hill and how? Does the octoechos, the fabled with an aim to catch a cup of tea before the eight-mode system of Orthodox chant, re- bus left for our hotel. On the way down ally borrow, as some Byzantines claim, from stood a two-story house with a few pieces the ancient modes of the auletes? of spolia stuck in for decoration. Installed Last but not least, I deal with the weird- overhead on one corner was a nice example ness that results when people go to Ortho- of an Ottoman-period Arabic inscription dox churches in the late fourteenth and —stuck in sideways so as to fit with the early fifteenth centuries to see the famous course of stone, as if anyone noticed; but Photo: Andrew White Office of the Three Children. Was it a ritual, placed on the opposite side, facing up the or a liturgical drama? Even contemporary hill towards the ancient acropolis, there House in Pergamon with spolia. eyewitnesses can’t agree; and it doesn’t help was also a classical relief very likely taken that the people who performed it admitted from the ancient city itself. monographs and articles back in the USA, that maybe, possibly, it might have crossed The muezzins had made their call for where Byzantinists with no theater back- the line of accepted Orthodox practice. prayer not long before, echoing through the ground made bold, contradictory state- So there you have it, a dissertation that valley; meanwhile back in town, prepara- ments on my topic, I am fortunate to be able on the one hand deals with the cultural de- tions were underway for another rally for to come here to devote myself to primary tritus of cheap sex farces and mangled dra- the local elections. And here I was, stuck, texts such as the liturgical manuscripts at matic texts, and on the other hand with the pondering the strange fates of these two the National Library, to the valuable col- development of Orthodox rituals. Enough very different bits of white marble, speak- lections at the Blegen and Gennadius Li- for everyone, or no one. I’m not sure how ing as they do about different times, now braries, and to the actual performance sites it will be received when it’s done, but my wrenched from their preferred, scholarly themselves—ranging from ancient theaters work here has been very rewarding, and “ultimate context” to suit a more immedi- to Byzantine churches like the Hagia So- I’m grateful to the folks at the School and ate, palpable one. It’s one thing to under- phias of Thessaloniki and Constantinople. the Gennadeion for allowing me the op- stand what function these objects served, By year’s end, I hope to have found my way portunity to discover so much. and how they would have produced mean- through the maze of evidence and to create  ing for their original communities; it is an- my own way of looking at cultural change other to account for their subsequent trans- in Byzantium and, if successful, to persuade formation and later meanings—let alone, Byzantinists and theater geeks alike to look Foundation Rituals: position these new meanings so that they at their cultural histories in new ways. Toward an Understanding have some academic value. Spolia, whether Given the spolia-inflected setting in of Ancient Greek in the form of stone or cultural practices, which I work, the story I have to tell may Building Culture may have an afterlife worth exploring, be more of a Rashomon-like series of fables but try telling that to your dissertation instead of the customary doctoral edifice of GLORIA PARK scholarship, carefully assembled brick by committee! GORHAM P. STEVENS FELLOW, 2003–2004 When I mention to people that I’m brick into a cohesive whole. When people working on the fate of theater in Byzan- ask, “Did the theater really die?”, I’ll have In many ancient Mediterranean cultures, tium, and its relationship with the rites of to ask, “What do you mean by theater?”; the initiation of a building project, espe- the Orthodox Church, I am met with any when people ask, “Is the liturgy a drama?” cially one of religious importance, could be number of different assumptions about cul- again, I’ll have to raise the old, annoying ti a time of great anxiety for those involved in ture, religion, and, above all, change. Given esti question, “What is a drama?”—because its construction. In addition to structural the expectations and/or biases people bring in Byzantium, words and enterprises like soundness, secured through workmanship to subjects like mine, I’m likely to have “theater” and “ritual” had different mean- and material, another kind of “fitness” was disappointed just about everyone by the ings. First we have eyewitnesses of theatri- perceived to be equally vital to the success of time I finish my work here. cal shows in Late Antiquity who can’t agree After wading through countless old whether mimes are sexual perverts, or just continued on page 9

6 Thessaloniki Conference continued from page 5 Cotsen Hall Soon to Open for Business dera, Stryme, Maroneia, Mesembria) and Final touches were put to Cotsen Hall by summer’s end, and with the opening of Samothrace, Thasian pottery is absent, the academic year, the Hall is almost ready for operations. Although the official showing that local Thasian pottery was not inauguration is slated for January 2005 in the presence of the President of Greece, exported together with their amphoras, as the Hall has already seen one event — a tribute to Sir Patrick Leigh Fermor in early one would have expected. June. (See Gennadeion News, page G4.) In the area of Strymon, archaeologist The renovations to the East Wing are also nearly complete and will be officially Demetra Malamidou reported that there inaugurated in January, including the John B. Mandilas Rare Book Reading Room, is solid evidence, supplied through den- the Dory Papastratou Reference Room, new offices and stack space for the Archives, drochronology, for an earlier, Late Archaic as well as other staff and Fellows’ offices. Also to be dedicated in January is the bridge (520–480 B.C.) at Amphipolis, as Mary and Stratos Athanassiades Seminar Room, located in the Gennadius Library’s well as for an archaic settlement near the Main Building. bridge. She shared her belief that Εννα δ was not one settlement but many (κατ κµας). In Thessaloniki, archaeologist Kostas Soueref continued with the excavation of the pre-Kassandrian city at Toumba, un- covering a house of the second half of the fourth century B.C. as well as an earlier building phase of the late fifth/early fourth century. Burials in the nearby cemetery go back to the sixth century B.C. Another pre- Kassandrian settlement is being excavat- ed in the northwest part of Thessaloniki (Τρπεα Λεµπτ), where extensive cem- eteries of the fourth century B.C. have been uncovered. Digging for the fourth year at Archon- tiko Pellas, Anastasia and Pavlos Chryso- stomou have brought to light more graves of Macedonian warriors and their families. Photo: Nikos Daniilidis To date, almost 400 graves have been un- earthed ranging from the seventh to the third centuries B.C. The men were decked out with gold masks and gold sheets that attached to their outfit, bronze helmets, and iron daggers and spearheads (also decorated with gold attachments). Silver, bronze, and clay vessels accompanied the burials. The women were equally well adorned with gold diadems, gold masks, and gold or silver earrings, necklaces, and rings. Their dresses were firmly fastened with gold or silver fibulae. The gold jew- elry and the metal vessels were locally pro- duced, but imported pottery from Ionia, Corinth, and Attica bears witness to the commercial relations of the Macedonians with the rest of Greece. Finally, Stella Drougou announced the publication of the pottery from the so- called “Tomb of Philip II,” which she dates to the third quarter of the fourth century B.C., arguing for a stylistic unity between Photo: Nikos Daniilidis the pottery found inside the tomb and that Photos clockwise from top: View of hall in early June, before completion of found outside the tomb. In other words, the decorative details to stage and south wall; Lloyd Cotsen opens the door for excavators of the tomb maintain that the visiting Trustees in late May; upstairs lobby of the Hall. deceased should be identified as Philip II of Macedon. e

7 Tile Works at Corinth: A Description of the Publications News Site and the Finds (Hesperia Suppl. 35), by G. Merker; and The Neolithic Pottery of The Publications Office staff is now up to Lerna I and II (Lerna 5), by K. D. Vitelli. full strength with the welcome arrival of A beautiful new color edition of Ma- Timothy Wardell as a third book editor, bel Lang’s bestselling Agora Picture Book, joining Mike Fitzgerald and Carol Stein. The Athenian Citizen, was produced by the Mr. Wardell has already had an illustrious Office in close collaboration with Craig career as an editor at Princeton University Mauzy at the Agora Excavations. By using Press, as a production editor at a number of Greek printers and sharing files electroni- textbook publishers, and, most recently, as cally between the United States and Greece, senior editor at the Smithsonian American Mr. Mauzy enabled the Publications Office Art Museum. His experience in editing vol- to save hundreds of dollars in customs du- umes from Kommos and Morgantina have ties and shipping charges. Photo: Anne Chapin given him a good grounding in archaeologi- In collaboration with the Agora Exca- Sara A. Immerwahr cal publishing, but he also brings valuable vations, the Publications Office has also new experience in producing books for a produced digital versions of a number of wider audience. School guides, including almost all the Immerwahr Honored The “Three Musketeers” are now work- Agora Picture Books. These are now avail- ing on a number of book projects, with able to download free of charge from the with Festschrift the assistance of freelance editors Sherry School’s website, http://www.ascsa.edu. gr/publications. On a warm day in early March, friends Having skillfully guided the Publica- and fellow scholars gathered in Chapel tions Office through a period of transition, Hill, North Carolina to present ΑΡΙΣ, a Hesperia editor Tracey Cullen has now been volume of essays in honor of Sara Immer- focusing all her energy on the journal. In wahr, to the legendary art historian. Mrs. July agreements were signed with Extenza, Immerwahr, whose writings on Bronze a division of one of the world’s largest sub- Age iconography in particular have trans- scription agents, Royal Swets & Zeitlinger, formed Aegean Prehistory, received the to act both as physical fulfillment house tribute with great pleasure, and all in at- and online host for Hesperia. Beginning tendance enjoyed the ensuing party. Many later this year, the online journal, with of the contributors to the volume attended extra functionality, will be free to print the presentation, including Anne Chapin subscribers and also available, through (the hard-working editor), Geraldine Ge- various licensing agreements, to thousands sell, Edwin Brown, Mary Sturgeon, and of additional readers worldwide. Working ASCSA Managing Committee Chairman with Ms. Figueira, Ms. Cullen has also been Rhys Townsend. handling a record number of submissions ΑΡΙΣ: Essays in Honor of Sara A. Im- and has published an experimental “theme merwahr, edited by Anne P. Chapin (Hes- Photo courtesy Charles Watkinson issue” (also available in a different binding peria Suppl. 33, ISBN 0-87661-533-7, pb New staff member at Publications, as a book) entitled The Mycenaean Feast. $50), was published by the ASCSA Publica- Timothy Wardell Events in the wider world have not left tions Office in February 2004 and the Publications Office untouched, and is available from Oxbow Books Wert, Jere Wickens, and Kerri Cox Sullivan three large book donations have been and The David Brown Book Co. and the expert skills of Production Man- sent, at the request of Dr. Donny George, (see ascsa.edu.gr/publications/ ager Sarah George Figueira. The Propylaia Director General of the Iraq Museum, publications.htm for order- e to the Athenian Akropolis II: The Classical to Iraqi colleagues in Mosul and Bagh- ing information). Building was published in July, with Mary dad. Delivered with the assistance of Sturgeon’s Sculpture: The Assemblage from the State Department and the USAID— the Theater (Corinth 9.3) following soon Iraq HEAD—Stony Brook University after. Currently in production are: Pottery Program, these gifts will provide valu- of Roman Date. Fine Ware Imports: Typo- able research tools for scholars at the logy (Agora 32), by J. W. Hayes; Hellenistic State Board of Antiquities and national Pottery: The Plain Wares (Agora 33), by S. universities, and continue a tradition I. Rotroff; Vessel Glass from the Athenian of scholarly outreach to libraries that Agora, ca. 450 B.C.–A.D. 1800 (Agora 34), might not otherwise be able to obtain An illustration by G. D. Weinberg and E. M. Stern; A His- the School’s publications. e from the book, torical and Economic Geography of Ottoman ΑΡΙΣ: Essays in Greece: The Southwestern Morea in the 18th — Charles Watkinson Honor of Sara A. Century (Hesperia Suppl. 34), by F. Zarine- Director of Publications Immerwahr baf, J. Bennet, and J. L. Davis; The Greek

8 Student Reports School Awards Two Publication Fellowships continued from page 6

In the inaugural year of a five-year program Archaeology’s Chersonesos excavations in the building, one sought through ritual. funded by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, Crimea, will spend two months in Athens Inscriptional and representational evi- the School awarded fellowships to Nancy working toward the publication of the Late dence, especially well-attested in ancient Bookidis and Andrei Opait¸ for the 2004–05 Roman and Byzantine amphoras (267–600 Egypt and Mesopotamia, indicate that a re- academic year. A.D.) stored at the Stoa of Attalos. His long- ligious building derived its well-being from Ms. Bookidis, Assistant Director Emerita term objectives are to produce a catalogue the favor of the gods, whose disposition of the Corinth Excavations, will complete of the amphoras followed by a presenta- could be affected negatively or positively the study and publication of terracotta tion of the main Athenian economic trends by a number of different factors (continuity sculpture from the Sanctuary of Demeter that can be deduced from the amphora with the past, purity of the site, etc.). and Kore in Ancient Corinth. The subject collection. One method to ensure divine favor to- material consists of 322 fragments of ter- The Kress Publication Fellowships are ward a new architectural enterprise was racotta sculpture representing 136 statues aimed at supporting scholars who are pub- to perform an elaborate set of rituals, or in varying degrees of completeness. Ms. lishing materials from the School’s exca- “foundation rituals,” before or during Bookidis’ work will be published as a book vations at Ancient Corinth or the Agora. construction. Ancient foundation rituals in the Corinth series, vol. XVIII. Information on applying for a 2005–06 fel- combined prayer, sacrifice, and the deposi- Mr. Opait¸ , a ceramic consultant for the lowship can be found at www.ascsa.edu. tion of votive objects within the fabric of University of Texas–Institute of Classical gr/fellowship/fellowships.htm. e the building, called “foundation deposits,” in order to fulfill perceived spiritual needs created by the act of building. In ancient Greece as well, the existence Now Available from ASCSA Publications of foundation rituals is confirmed by more than 60 known foundation deposits discov- ered throughout mainland Greece, Crete, Cyprus, and Asia Minor, ranging in date from the tenth century B.C. to the late Hel- lenistic period. Though primarily found in buildings of a sacred nature, foundation deposits are attested in several different building types in Greece, and can consist of a variety of material, from luxury goods to drinking vessels. The most common find-spots are between blocks or in gaps in walls and other architectural features; in pits beneath walls, floors, and thresholds; Corinth IX.3: Sculpture The Propylaia to the Athenian Akropolis or in foundation trenches. The Assemblage from the Theater Volume II: The Classical Building Thanks to the support I received as the by Mary C. Sturgeon by William B. Dinsmoor and 344 pp, 1 col & 329 b/w pls, figs and plans William B. Dinsmoor Jr. Gorham P. Stevens Fellow for architectural (September 2004) ISBN 0-87661-093-9 Hb $75 edited by Anastasia Norre Dinsmoor studies, I spent the past year researching 486 pp, 211 b/w pls and figs, 9 fold-out plans my dissertation on the form and mean- (September 2004) ISBN 0-87661-941-3 Hb $125 ing of ancient Greek foundation rituals through a typological and historical study of Greek foundation deposits. I was able to visit many of the relevant sites, including those in Turkey (Ephesos, Priene, Didyma, and Sardis) on the School’s Ionia trip in March. In addition, I was able to study the material from the deposit in Ephesos at the British Museum thanks to a travel grant awarded by the School. One of the most important and interest- ing types of foundation deposit is found The Athenian Citizen primarily in Eastern Greek temples, on Democracy in the Athenian Agora which my research focuses. Frequently The Mycenaean Feast by Mabel Lang deposited between the masonry of the cult revised by John McK. Camp II edited by James C. Wright 32 pp, 40 col pls 217 pp, 63 b/w pls statue bases or within centrally placed pits (October 2004) ISBN 0-87661-642-2 Pb $4.95 (September 2004) ISBN 0-87661-951-0 Pb $25 below the floor of the temple, these depos- its are notable for objects made of precious

For more information or to order online, please visit: www.ascsa.edu.gr/publications continued on page 10

9 Student Reports one in which the sanction and assistance magisterial offices. These events, as well as continued from page 9 of the gods were perceived to play major important murals, war spoils, and the laws roles. As important expressions of these of the city, commingled within the open perceptions, foundation rituals contribute colonnades. The stoas, therefore, orches- to a richer understanding of architecture trated communication across the spectrum in ancient Greek society. of public life. While they individually cul- tivated particular associations or traditions,  as a composite architectural organization Examining the Stoa in they gathered and represented all aspects of Athenian life in concert. Ancient Athenian Civic Using political discourses, particularly Topography those of Plato and Aristotle, I am inves- tigating the role of the common to help SAMANTHA L. MARTIN explain how the Agora stoas ordered and FULBRIGHT FELLOW, 2003–2004 structured the civic realm. My research thus far has shown that these buildings together The Greek stoa—the cornerstone of civic formed a collective monument to democ- topography—was one of the most para- racy, and I now am examining how each doxical elements of ancient architecture. stoa contributed to this phenomenon. A It was at once ordinary and monumental. distinct combination of dialogue, display, Its uncomplicated, adaptable plan could and spectacle was located in every building, accommodate a multitude of activities thereby investing the stoas with different and situations. Architectural versatility al- responsibilities and also separate identities. lowed the stoa to become a preferred and Through my inquiry into the characteris- therefore common component of the urban tics of these events and situations, I also Top: Reconstructed view of Hogarth’s fabric for well over six hundred years, from am exploring the tangible, architectural “Temple A” and “Temple B” inside the the Archaic period until the Roman Em- relationships among the stoas, their archi- cella of the Artemision of Ephesos, now pire. It was a hallmark of ancient cities, and tectural position in the Agora, and their considered to be a single seventh-century most had at least one. The Agora of Athens topographical connection with the Acropo- predecessor; based on A. Bammer, Das lis and the Kerameikos. Central to this in- Heiligtum der Artemis von Ephesos (Graz amassed no fewer than eight. Curiously, vestigation is the subject of liminality and 1984) 168 Abb. 80. Bottom: A selection of the stoa sustained a monumentality that early electrum coins from the foundation demanded authority. The intrinsic signifi- thus the concepts of borders, thresholds, deposit; based on D.G. Hogarth, Excava- cance of the building and the reasons why and boundaries. tions at Ephesus (London 1908) Plate II. it endured as a fundamental aspect of the I also used this year to produce tai- Greek topography still elude us. lored site plans, architectural renderings, The generous support of both a Fulbright and montages. These images, constructed material that take the form of coins, figu- Fellowship and an ongoing grant from the through a combination of hand-drafted il- rines, and jewelry. Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) lustrations, photographs, and AutoCAD One of the results of my research this enabled me to spend this past year research- plans and models, enable me to distinguish year has been to identify the close typologi- ing and writing my dissertation. In my and make new observations in the connec- cal link between eastern Greek foundation study, I am investigating the content and tions between civic stoas and the city. Ad- deposits and contemporary deposits from meaning of the stoa in its Classical civic ditionally, I am building vector animations, Persian sites. The similarities with respect setting, focusing on its symbolic nature and which are time-based graphics, to illustrate to both type of votive material and the relationship with the city as a whole. the development and involvement of the manner of deposition confirmed what had Using the ancient Athenian Agora as a stoa within civic space. These images allow been previously only surmised: that east- case study, I aim to explain the paradoxi- me to show—literally—the architectural ern Greek foundation rituals, like so many cal nature of the stoa and to pinpoint how growth of the Agora. Ultimately I hope that other aspects of ancient Greek cult, can monumentality could coexist with the this dissertation will influence the way that claim derivation from very ancient Near commonplace. This requires a detailed we perceive, understand, and visualize the Eastern cult practice. understanding of the architecture of the ritual topography of Classical Athens. Though the primary focus of my work stoa and an analysis of how it functioned Our understanding of the city dwells is the identification and characterization of in an urban environment. in the role of architecture and how it fits an ancient Greek cult practice, the study The Agora was composed of specific within the wider civic realm. Examining of Greek foundation rituals contributes to buildings for law courts, the senate, civic the situations and spatial relationships of the modern understanding of the meaning archives, and the headquarters of the gov- the stoa will expand our comprehension of of construction in Greece. The character of ernment, but it was particularly the stoa that boundaries, passages, and places of transi- Greek foundation deposits suggests that enabled Athenians to negotiate their civic tion within space. This methodology meets the act of building could be more than space. It alone possessed the quality of being a serious scholarly need to cultivate our simply the confluence of money, labor, and calculatedly versatile. The stoas, dispersed understanding of the Greek agora and its materials, but also a sacred undertaking, along the borders of the square, hosted phil- influence upon later urban situations, spe- e osophical dialogues, legal arbitrations, and cifically the Roman forum.

10 What the ASCSA Taught Me During the Summer of 1974

Richard Leo Enos is Professor and Holder of leadership. Uncertain of our fate, unclear nary lesson in history and the meaning of the Lillian B. Radford Chair at Texas Chris- about how the Greek government would democracy, in its birthplace. For the past tian University. In his essay here, he recalls respond, Mitch nonetheless continued to thirty years I have been a beneficiary of my his first time at the School and his teacher, sustain our educational program, giving us summer experiences, and I have Mitch and the late Fordyce W. Mitchell. all the important lesson of “carrying on” (as the American School to thank for teaching the British say) despite adversity. so well, and for introducing me to the “real” In some ways thirty years ago seems a very When we learned that the risk of war Greece. e long time, but I recall vividly how excited with Turkey was reduced, we had thought The author thanks Shane Borrowman and I was to have been accepted into the Sum- that the “adventure” was over but, in fact, SUNY Press for permission to use some of the mer Program of the American School of it was only entering a new phase. When the material and information that will appear in Classical Studies at Athens under Fordyce control of ships was lifted, we students were a more detailed version of this essay. W. Mitchell. I imagined then what I now allowed to return to Athens on a freighter. I know: that the Summer Program would vividly recall feeling the exhilarating rush be my single best educational experience. of freedom, but I expected a slow mean- What I did not imagine was that the Sum- dering return to Piraeus, the port city of Phlamoudhi Exhibition mer Program of 1974 would teach me an Athens. I was amazed at how rapidly we to Open at Columbia unexpected but valuable lesson that I have were returned to Athens. To this day, I still never forgotten. I hope that my Summer recall the Aegean winds blowing on my face Columbia University’s Miriam and Ira Session colleagues, and others who have as Piraeus came quickly into view. D. Wallach Art Gallery is slated to host fond memories of the School, will enjoy After we landed at Piraeus, we went a public exhibition of archaeological my (admittedly) personal recollection and to the American School and learned that discoveries from Phlamoudhi, Cyprus appreciate the high esteem I hold for our yet another development had occurred: from January 18 through March 19, departed teacher, Fordyce W. Mitchell. the military rule had ended and the exiled 2005. The exhibition and accompany- Seven years earlier, in 1967, a group of leader, Constantine Karamanlis, would be ing symposium, scheduled for January generals, fearing that Greece would come returning to Greece that very day. Elated 20–22, are being organized by Joanna under the control of leftist extremists and over the return of democracy, we students S. Smith (ASCSA SS 1987), who has di- the ever-growing popularity of the Com- were given permission to leave the School rected Columbia’s Phlamoudhi Archaeo- munist Party, brought about a successful grounds and join the jubilant Athenians logical Project since 2000. coup. The reigning monarch, Constantine in welcoming their democratic hero back Entitled Settlement and Sanctuary on II, left Greece and, under the directives of to Greece. Naturally we went to Syntagma Cyprus from the Bronze Age to the Middle the military leadership, Greece became a Square, the center of the city and the site Ages: Views from the Columbia University “Presidential Republic.” Many liberals were of the former Palace, now Parliament. On Excavations at Phlamoudhi, the exhibi- arrested or compelled to flee in exile. De- two occasions that evening I was within tion includes objects, images, and re- spite international criticism, military rule twenty yards of Mr. Karamanlis as he cords from two sites, a Late Bronze Age persisted. openly walked through the streets of Ath- settlement at Melissa and a sanctuary In late July of 1974 our study group was ens, reuniting with his fellow citizens af- at Vounari, also dated from that period. away from Athens and traveling through ter years of exile. The three-inch headline The exhibition encompasses more than the various island of the Cyclades. One of on the July 24, 1974 edition of a leading two thousand years of history and il- the principal islands of study was Delos, newspaper, Apogevmatini, contained only lustrates the role that the inhabitants excavated by the French Archaeological one word: “Demokratia.” The simple but of Phlamoudhi played in the vibrant Society. Excluding members of the archaeo- poignant “news” was that democracy had sea trade of the Mediterranean, from logical service, no one was permitted to returned to Greece! the Levant to the Aegean and beyond. stay on the island. Instead, we stayed at After thirty years, and as with any vet- The finds, which have never before been the nearby jet-set island of Mykonos. In eran schoolteacher, I must ask myself the displayed in a public venue, will return the days leading up to our travel to De- question, “What have I learned from this to Cyprus at the end of the exhibition. los we had learned that tension between experience?” Specifically, I realized that Excavations at Phlamoudhi took Greece and Turkey was escalating and that the research and study opportunities made place under the direction of Columbia the Greek military forces had been mobi- possible by the ASCSA can all too easily University Professor Edith Porada from lized for war. One feature of preparing for be taken for granted. The availability of 1970 through 1973. Ms. Smith’s team imminent war was the control of all ships sources and material for study is taken of- is currently working on publication of in the Aegean. The Greek government felt ten as a right, but it is really a privilege. the Melissa site (Vounari was published that it was necessary to have all ships avail- I also gained a profound appreciation for in 1983). able for possible duty and this included the those scholars who persisted in spite of ob- Additional information about the sorts of passenger ships that are normally stacles and constraints that we could barely Phlamoudhi Archaeological Project and used for tourist travel. When the directive imagine. I came to have a much deeper the Settlement and Sanctuary exhibition came that our passenger ship was put on sense of, and appreciation for, the mean- and symposium is available at www. active duty, our study group was “strand- ing of commitment to scholarship. Finally, learn.columbia.edu/phlamoudhi/. ed” on beautiful Mykonos. It was during for an impressionable young student, the this time that I came to appreciate Mitch’s events of summer ‘74 proved an extraordi-

11          

 Photo, left: Demetris Kyritsis, who presented the first in a series of Winter Term lectures organized by Gennadeion People & Places People Director Haris Kalligas to introduce students to Byzantine Greece, spoke on “Byzantium from the 7th–15th Century: Overview of an Evolving Society.” Photo, right: ASCSA Assistant Professor Kevin Glowacki, Gorham P. Stevens Fellow Gloria Park (University of North Carolina), and Samuel H. Kress Fellow Brenda Longfellow (University of Michigan) at the book launch of “Macedonians in Athens: 322–229 B.C.,” which took place at the School in February.

Photo, left: Thomas Brogan (Director, INSTAP East Crete Study Center) presented a Tea Talk on “The Artisan’s Quar- ters at Mochlos: Exploring Craft and Chronology in the Neopalatial Mirabello” in February. Photo, right: Attending the Tea Talk were Student Associate Member Evangelia Sikla and Peter Schultz (Concordia College).

Photo, left: Thanos Webb (Wiener Lab Faunal Studies Fellow, UCLA) before his Tea Talk presentation, “Give the Dog a Bone,” March 16. Photo, right: Dr. Stephen V. Tracy (Director, ASCSA) with Anthony Grafton (Princeton University) before Professor Grafton’s lecture, “Monuments and Meanings: Obelisks in Renaissance Rome,” April 20, 2004. All photos by Caitlin Verfenstein, unless otherwise credited. All photos by Caitlin Verfenstein,

12 Photo: Yvonne Mazurek Photo: Loeta Tyree Summer Session students gather in front of the Temple of Athena at Assos (Behramkale), Turkey. Senior Member Mary Sturgeon (UNC/ Chapel Hill), Student Associate Member Kristen Seaman (University of California, Berkeley), Wiener Lab Director Sherry Fox, and Senior Member Aileen Ajootian (University of Mississippi) get ready to hop the new Syntagma–Glyfada tram on its first day of operations in July.

Photo: Elizabeth Gebhardt Photo: Elizabeth Gebhardt

Photo: Elizabeth Gebhardt Photo courtesy James Sickinger School and Gennadeion Meetings in Greece, May 2004. Clockwise from top-left: Lloyd Cotsen The Sickinger family—Jim, Katherine, and wife Margit Sperling Cotsen at the reception for the Trustees in the School garden; Sir Christina, and Matthew—with ASCSA staff John Thompson, husband of School Trustee Judy Thompson, with Gennadeion Trustee member Voula Stamati and an Olympic (and School Trustee Emeritus) Andre Newburgh in the fortress of Karytaina during the torch-bearer in front of the School in July. Trustees trip to Arcadia; Sir Hugh Lloyd-Jones, husband of School Trustee candidate Mary Lefkowitz, strolling with Marine Zagoreos, wife of Gennadeion Trustee Alex Zagoreos, in Stemnitsa; Candidate for the School Board Robert Maguire and School Trustee (and Board Treasurer) Henry Davis at the dinner for the Trustees in the Director’s residence.

13 S U M M E R e 2 0 0 4 GennadeionGennadeion NewsNews A SPECIAL INSERT TO THE NEWSLETTER OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

Star chart lithographed by Gennadeion Dionysos Pyrrhos. Launches New Photo courtesy of the Gennadius Library Program cum in hospitals in Milan. While eginning in Summer 2005, in Milan, he studied at the same the Gennadius Library time practical astronomy at the Bis organizing a bi-annual Observatory of Milan, with per- Summer Session dedicated to the mission of the Italian Minister of study of Medieval Greek. the Interior himself. The breadth Conceived by incoming of his interests and knowl- Director Maria Georgopoulou, edge is reflected in the titles of the four-week session aims the books that he wrote and to familiarize students with published, among which were Medieval Greek language and Φαρµακσπα (Pharmacopeia), philology by exposing them to Μεθδικ Γεωγραα (System of primary sources, different kinds Geometry), Αριθµητικ (Arith- of literary genres, paleography, metic), µλγα της Πστεως and epigraphy as well as biblio- (Confession of Faith), Τα ρη graphic and electronic tools. The τυ ανθρπυ (The Obligations of program will also include site Mankind), Γραµµατικ (Gram- and museum visits. Led by two mar), and Πρακτικ ιατρικ και professors to be selected in Fall τανικ (The Practice of Medi- 2004, the summer session will “Aστρνµα, Eπιστµη Μεγλη cine and Botany). have ten members. και Hδνικ” In the “Study of Planets,” The program will also include Pyrrhos lists all the planets and visits to area museums and li- stronomy: The Great primer, which, in addition to 296 comets, the mythology around braries including the Byzantine, and Delightful Science”: pages of text, has a folding star them, their measurements, their the Benaki, and the Epigraphy thus was astronomy chart lithographed by Pyrrhos movements, and how to calcu- “A late their distance from the earth Museums and the National Li- characterized in a book written himself as well as lithographed brary, as well as visits to sites, by Dionysios Pyrrhos and pub- plates showing Greek deities as- or other nearby planets. “The museums, and monuments of lished in Athens in 1896, with sociated with individual planets Study of the Heavens” includes the Byzantine era outside Athens the title Πρακτικ Αστρνµα and constellations. a description of the Zodiac cycle including Thessaloniki, Hosios ... ερανισθεσα εκ διαρων In his early years a monk, and the constellations along with Loucas, and Daphni. συγγραων και συντεθεσα εις Dionysios Pyrrhos (1774–1853) the mythological stories associ- Offered at the intermediate µρη δ εις Πλανητγρααν later was ordained as a priest. He ated with them. Sometimes, level, the program is geared to και υρανγρααν, υπ τυ studied ancient Greek, physics, as he is describing a star or a students enrolled in a graduate αριµανδρτυ και ιατρδιδασκλυ mathematics, geometry, theology, constellation, Pyrrhos will inter- program in any field of Byzantine ∆ινυσυ Πρρυ τυ Θετταλ medicine, and astronomy, in- weave what he deemed historical studies in a North American or (“The Study of Astronomy, com- structed by well-known teachers information. In the chapter on European university. A minimum piled from various authors and wherever they happened to be, the constellation “Heart of Al- of two years of college-level produced in two parts, ‘Study in Greece or in Italy. As he him- exander,” for example, Pyrrhos Classical Greek or the equivalent of the Planets’ and ‘Study of the self wrote, in Περιγησις ιτρικ wrote that after God finished is required. If there are avail- Heavens,’ by the archimandrite και Βγραα (Historical and with the creation of the world able spots, college professors in and medical teacher Dionysios Biographical Voyages), published seven great persons lived upon North America or Europe may the Earth: Xerxes, the Persian Pyrrhos of Thessaly”). A recent in Athens in 1848, he studied continued on page G3 also be considered. acquisition of the Gennadius medicine and graduated from the king; Themistocles the Athenian, For further information see Library, the book is an extremely University of Padua, School of who defeated Xerxes; Alexander the website: www.ascsa.edu.gr. e rare illustrated astronomical Medicine, going on to a practi- continued on page G2 G2 G E N N A D E I O N N E W S

NEH Fellow Delves into Kapetanakis Archive

Recipient of a 2003–04 Senior Research Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), Stathis Gourgouris (Columbia Univer- sity) reports on his progress toward publication of the extant works of Demetrios Kapetanakis, whose archives are housed in the Gennadius Library.

emetrios Kapetanakis Kapetanakis’ writings on Brit- Archival work—specifically, with the astonishment of having (1912–1944) is by all ish literature: some 25 essays, this kind of editorship of posthu- encountered, in concrete and Daccounts a unique figure most of them short and concise, mous manuscripts—does not tangible fashion, persons and in Modern Greek letters. Born and many of them in complete generally characterize my aca- epochs of another order alto- in Smyrna and raised in Athens or nearly complete form. This demic research patterns. Indeed, gether. It is as much a work that after the Asia Minor War (1922), group of essays will form the this year provided me with first- takes place in the mind, as it is Kapetanakis was educated in basis of an English-language hand experience in something so dramatically hands-on. There philosophy at the University of edition of Kapetanakis’ posthu- that was in many ways awe- is something immensely gripping Athens (as a student of future mous writings. The rest of the inspiring. No doubt, this had a about the real, existing traces of prime minister Panagiotis Kanel- Gennadius holdings consists of lot to do with this unique mate- history having been made and lopoulos) and at the University the most substantial part of his rial, but I also discovered that yet having remained undiscov- of Heidelberg (1934–36), under correspondence (more than one it has as much to do with the ered. And there is also something the tutelage of Karl Jaspers, com- hundred letters), as well as a archival experience itself. Work- deeply personal in the encounter, pleting a dissertation with the variety of essays and poems that ing on posthumous archives is something that quickly becomes variant Heideggerian title Liebe overlap in part with the archive a solitary task, which leaves one internalized in the researcher. e und Zeit. In 1939, he moved to in Firestone Library. This second England (Cambridge and then group of writings includes mostly London) on a British Council material on Greek literature and Pyrrhos Scholarship. He became involved painting, as well as quite a few continued from page G1 in English literary modernist poems and drafts of poems, many circles and began to write poetry of which remain unpublished. Russia, whose virtues and deeds in English, which was published So far, I have set aside six reached the sky and who defeat- to great acclaim and drew exten- Greek essays for inclusion as ed Napoleon. The work is filled sive praise at the time from the part of a collection of posthu- with many similar vignettes of Bloomsbury Circle and Dame mous works to be published by history and mythology. Edith Sitwell. Kapetanakis was Estia Press, under my editorial At the end of the book there the first to translate into English supervision. From the essays on is a list of subscribers, people the poetry of his friends George British poetry, I have selected the who had paid up front for the Seferis and Odysseus Elytis, most integral ones for translation production of the book. At the which was, according to his close into Greek; these will become time, Greek authors and publish- friend and executor John Lehm- part of this publication as well. ers followed Western (particu- ann, a groundbreaking gesture The rest will consist of mate- larly Italian) methods for fund- in preparing the postwar recep- rial from the Firestone archive, ing publication, and needed to tion of the two poets in England. which contains most of the secure buyers ahead of time for Demetrios Kapetanakis died of drafts of philosophical works or their books in order to meet the leukemia in a London hospital works on aesthetics, written vari- enormous cost of production, at the age of 32, leaving behind a ably in Greek, English, French, since there was no developed vast and unrealized potential, yet and German. I am nearing the system for sales and distribution. concrete traces of a far-reaching, final selection process and have Subscriber lists acknowledge uniquely configured vision. begun translation work, on those individuals who had un- Plate showing the Greek deity Zeus. derwritten the book, a method The Gennadius Library, to- which I will have the aid of two Photo courtesy of the Gennadius Library. gether with Firestone Library colleagues. Upon my return to devised particularly for scholarly at Princeton University, holds the United States, I will begin publications. Today, these lists of ninety percent of the extant organizing the English-language the Great, who defeated all the subscribers are valuable sources Kapetanakis archive, a unique publication, toward which kings of Asia and Africa; King for studying the social history and extraordinary collection that Princeton University Press has Charles of France, who liber- of Greek cultural life in the eight- e has yet to receive the research shown interest. Depending on ated Europe from the barbarians; eenth and nineteenth centuries. attention it deserves. There is how work proceeds, I expect the Peter the Great of Russia, who little overlap between the two English and Greek publications elevated Russia to the sky; Napo- —Sophie Papageorgiou archives. The Gennadius part, to come to realization around the leon Bonaparte, who became the Head Librarian, donated by John Lehmann in same time. model of all kings of the world; Gennadius Library 1977, contains the entirety of and King Alexander Pavlovich of G E N N A D E I O N N E W S G3

Haris and Alexander Kalligas Fiber Optics honored at Trustees’ reception in Link 54 and 61 May. Souidias the finishing touches to her book Monemvasia, a Byzantine City lthough at times Souidias State, to be published in London, Street has seemed a for- and in collaboration with Mr. midable barrier between A Kalligas, Monemvasia, Retracing the two halves of the School’s on Palimpsests, to be published campus, a recently completed in Athens. fiber optic line running under Haris Kalligas’ creative energy, the street will bring the north her broad areas of expertise both and south sides of Souidias as a scholar and as an architect, Street closer together than ever her wide acquaintance in the before. Named in honor of Alan worlds of culture and academia L. Boegehold, School and Gen- in Greece and abroad, and her nadeion Board Member as well graceful presence have helped as former Chair of the Managing New Horizons for Kalligas the Gennadius Library negotiate Committee, whose interests and successfully these past nine years passions have linked the Gen- fter nine years as Director During her tenure as Direc- of unprecedented change and nadeion with the School over the of the Gennadius Library, tor, Mrs. Kalligas also served as growth. The Gennadius Library years, the “Boegehold pipeline” Haris Kalligas is moving a member of the International and everyone associated with it will make it possible for users A on to pursue a number of field Jury for the Awards of Europa are the richer for her multifaceted in both buildings to access the and publications projects involv- Nostra, given to the best restora- contributions, and her presence. e electronic services provided by ing architecture, history, and tion projects in Europe (she and the School, at a speed of 1000 historic preservation in Greece her husband, Alexander Kalligas, A profile of the new Director of MB. Now readers in the Gen- and elsewhere. were winners in 1981 for their nadeion will be able to utilize all the Gennadius Library, Maria During her term as Director work in Monemvasia), and from Georgopoulou, will appear in the electronic resources currently from October 1, 1995 to June 1998 to 2003 she served as a available to the Blegen. the Winter issue of the Genna- 30, 2004, the Library itself went member of the Europa Nostra deion News. A graduate of the Fiber optics will also make through dramatic changes, in- Council. Since 2002, Mrs. Kal- it possible to connect the Gen- National University of Athens cluding the complete renovation ligas has been a member of the and holding a Ph.D. from the nadeion to the School’s phone and underground expansion of Board of Elliniki Etaireia for the system, obviating the need for a University of California, Los An- the 1926 Main Building and the Protection of the Environment geles, Ms. Georgopoulou most separate phone number, and will renovation of the East Wing, and Cultural Heritage, as well as make possible video hook-ups recently served as Associate Pro- as well as the addition of the Chair of their Committee on the fessor at Yale University. between the two sides, includ- nearly completed Cotsen Hall, Architectural Heritage of Greece. ing the nearly completed Cotsen a 370-seat auditorium. During Since 2000 she and Mr. Kal- Hall. Eventually Loring Hall, her tenure, Mrs. Kalligas also ligas have been collaborating on too, will be connected to the organized numerous lectures the restoration of the Campanile new network, bringing residents and symposia, and participated of Saint George of the Greeks in New CAORC and staff into the central phone in as many more organized by Venice, on behalf of the Greek Chair Elected system and giving them internet other institutions. In addition, Institute of Byzantine and Post access in the Saloni, which will she found time to publish the Byzantine Studies in Venice. resident of the Gennadius also have wireless connectivity. Greek edition of her book Byz- She has also been working since Library Catherine deG. The “Boegehold Pipeline” was antine Monemvasia. The Sources 2003 on the Church of Tairia Vanderpool has been made possible by a grant secured P (2004), edited and contributed near Monemvasia, and is about elected Chair of the Council of through the efforts of Lloyd E. to three volumes of papers of the to begin work on the general American Overseas Research Cotsen, Chair of the Gennadius Monemvasiotikos Omilos, and plan for the medieval city of Centers (CAORC), succeeding Library Board. The cause was published a number of scholarly Palaiochora, Aegina, where she is Dean Richard Lariviere of the furthered by the nimble foot- articles. Following on several also supervising the restoration University of Texas at Austin. work of School General Manager other interests, in 2001 Mrs. Kal- of two churches. In addition, A consortium of 18 centers, Pantelis Panos, who, when op- ligas published a book of poetry the Kalligas continue work in CAORC provides its members portunity knocked in the form presented at the Zoumboulakis collaboration with Manchester operating and programmatic of a public works crew laying Gallery in Athens, accompanying University on the survey of the funding, and has launched a telephone cable in Souidias an exhibition of her watercolors city of Monemvasia, aimed at number of initiatives promot- Street, arranged for the most dif- depicting Monemvasia and other understanding the evolution of ing international scholarly ex- ficult part of the job--digging the landscapes. the city through the centuries. In requisite trench from one side of 2005, Mrs. Kalligas plans to put continued on page G4 Souidias to the other. e G4 G E N N A D E I O N N E W S

Fermor Honored by Gennadeion Trustees

ar hero and renowned The evening began with Among the 150 guests were writer Sir Patrick cocktails in the new lobby of former Prime Minister George WLeigh Fermor was Cotsen Hall, followed by tributes Rallis and Mrs. Rallis; Lady honored in June at the Genna- presented in Cotsen Hall itself in Madden, wife of the British Am- deion Trustees’ Second Annual an unofficial baptism of the new bassador to Greece; Mrs. Kelly Awards Dinner. Knighted this facility. Among the speakers were Bourdara, Vice-Mayor of Athens; past February, Sir Patrick pub- former Prime Minister of Greece Mr. and Mrs. George David; Mr. lished his latest book, Words of Tzannis Tzannetakis, Alan L. and Mrs. Nicholas Egon; Mr. Mercury, earlier in the winter. Boegehold, Dimitris Daskalopou- Sture Linnear; Mrs. Theodoti- Regarded by many as one of the los, Haris Kalligas, and, in re- Artemis Mandilas; Mr. and Mrs. finest writers of the twentieth sponse, Sir Patrick himself. The Dimitri Marinopoulos, Mr. Pana- century, in Greece Sir Patrick is award was presented by Edmund gis Vourloumis, and both the famed as the war hero who para- Keely, the 2003 winner. After Mayor and the former Mayor of chuted into Nazi-occupied Crete the tributes, guests sat down to Kalamata, where Sir Patrick is an in World War II, capturing its dinner in the terrace in front honorary citizen. German commander. After the of Cotsen Hall, transfigured by Co-organizers for the evening war, Sir Patrick eventually settled tents, lights, and flowers. Half- were Mrs. Margaret Samourkas in Greece near Kardamyli, where way through the evening, a pair and Mrs. Lana Mandilas. Thanks he has lived ever since. His love of Cretan musicians serenaded to underwriting from The Sam- Sir Patrick Leigh Fermor for Greece has infused much of Sir Patrick and guests with ourkas Foundation, the evening autographs books for Trustee his writing. mantinades. raised $29,000 for the Library’s Margaret Samourkas. gardens. e Photo: H. Akriviadis

CAORC Chair continued from page G3

change. With funding from the Mellon Foundation, CAORC administers the East European Fellowships that have brought 34 scholars to the School over the past ten years. As part of its digital library initiative, CAORC designed and directs the Mediterranean Maps Project, which has nearly completed a preliminary inventory of several thousand maps in the Gennadius Library as well as sister institu- Clockwise from top-left: tions around the Mediterranean. Former Prime Minster Tzannis In addition, CAORC has been Tzannetakis pays tribute to Sir chosen by Congress to chair a Patrick; steering committee exploring the establishment of a center in Is- Trustee Lana Mandilas and tanbul to foster dialogue among Library President Catherine deG. scholars and policy makers from Vanderpool; East and West. e Guests Mr. Dimitris Marinopoulos (left) and former Prime Minister This publication of the American George Rallis seated in Cotsen School of Classical Studies at Hall for tributes; Athens is produced semiannu- Sir Patrick sings mantinades with ally. Address all correspondence to Newsletter Editor, ASCSA, Cretan musician. 6–8 Charlton Street, Princeton, NJ 08540-5232. Tel: (609) 683-0800 or Photos: H. Akriviadis e-mail: [email protected]. Wiener Lab Reports Ancient and Future Shorelines around Several Greek Islands

BRIAN DAMIATA UCLA WIENER LABORATORY GEOARCHAEOLOGY FELLOW, 2003–2004

There has always been a close link between human civilization and the sea. Changes in sea level have thus had a direct impact on the evolution of human society, settlement, and migration. My fellowship research con- sists of two semi-related projects that deal with changing sea levels. The first, Shore- GPS surveying on Ithaca. Photo: Brian Damiata line Reconstruction in the Vicinity of the Io- nian Islands, Western Greece, is specifically concerned with the islands of Cephalonia, Ithaca, Lefkada, and Zakynthos. Its aim is Sea level has changed appreciably since period from the LGM to present. to determine whether any of these islands the Late Palaeolithic time, dramatically Knowledge of eustatic sea level, how- were geographically connected in the recent altering coastal areas and the location of ever, is only part of the puzzle when trying past as well as to ascertain their relation shorelines. During the Last Glacial Maxi- to reconstruct the sea-level history for a to the adjacent mainland. The second is mum (LGM; 20,000 to 18,000 years before given region. Other factors such as tec- titled Potential Impact of Sea-Level Rise on a present [BP]), estimated global (eustatic) tonic movements of the land mass due to Coastal Archaeological Site: A Pilot Study us- sea level was about 125 m lower than at earthquakes, regional uplift, or subsidence ing Delos. Various aspects of these projects present. The rise in eustatic sea level since due to isostatic effects, and rates of sedi- involve collaborations with other scholars, that time has been non-uniform, with rates mentation and erosion, may also need to including Evangelos Lagios (University of varying between 5 and 10 mm/yr. At least be considered. Greece lies in a particularly Athens), Richard Peltier (University of To- 3 to 5 m of rise occurred during the latter active tectonic region, and the region of the ronto), Eric Fouache (University of Paris), part of the Holocene Epoch (10,000 BP to Ionian Islands, in particular, is the most and Stephanne Druserelles (University of present). For any given region, however, seismically active in Europe. By discern- Paris). estimates of past eustatic sea level provide ing differences in the simulated eustatic only an approximation of actual sea level, sea-level curve with site-specific sea-level which can vary considerably due to tec- data, however, one attempts to deduce the tonic and glacio-hydro-isostatic effects. non-eustatic components. The former involves, for example, crustal To aid in determining the rates of re- movements due to earthquakes, while the gional uplift or subsidence, we have estab- latter includes both the response of the sea lished a high-resolution global positioning to the gravitational attraction of ice sheets system (GPS) network on the islands of and the readjustment of the earth due to Cephalonia and Ithaca capable of yielding changing surface loads of ice and seawater millimeter changes in position. Interpre- as the ice caps and glaciers melt. tation of GPS results combined with the A main goal of my research is to simu- simulated eustatic sea-level curve will help late eustatic sea levels since the LGM based to determine whether these islands were on computer modeling. To specifically connected in the recent past and, if so, the calibrate the model for Greece, various ar- timing of their “separation.” chaeological and geological data that are For the project concerning Delos, fu- indicators of past sea levels are being used ture sea-level rise is being modeled to help (e.g., submerged archaeological sites and assess its impact on the existing archaeo- radiocarbon-dated beachrock deposits). logical site, which at present is partially Data collected around the Cycladic Islands submerged. Conservative estimates of eu- of Delos, Rhenia, and Mykonos are being static sea-level rise due to global warming used to calibrate the model because this over the next 100 years range from 0.5 to LANDSAT satellite image of Cephalonia region is one of the most seismically stable 1.5 m, and as much as 4 m by 2200. Im- and Ithaca. Circles denote location of sta- in all of Greece. The result of the computer portant areas of the site lie below 5 m in tions in the geodetic GPS network. modeling is a time-dependent eustatic sea- elevation. Results of the eustatic sea-level Image courtesy of Brian Damiata. level curve for Greece that covers the time continued on next page

14 Wiener Lab Reports floors. Makri, which is located in the same finities of the plant phytoliths (wood, bark, continued from previous page geographical area, is a Neolithic settlement leaves, grasses, stem, husk, etc.). All the of the sixth millennium B.C. that preserves potential activity areas of Sarakini (streets, modeling are being superimposed on a high- deep undisturbed deposits, with rich cul- yards, rooms, barns, stables, walls, floors) resolution digital elevation model of the tural remains. It is a fine example of a Neo- and the excavated areas under question in island to identify high-risk areas. This pilot lithic architecture employing post-framed, Makri were sampled. Control samples of study provides the first step in potentially wattle-and-daub, and mudbrick structures. modern soil from the surrounding area of mitigating adverse effects on Delos and will Rows of post-holes and fine plaster floors both Makri and Sarakini were also collect- hopefully serve as a model for future work within are repositories for the remains of ed, in order to detect the ambiguities in the at other coastal sites at risk. carbonized wooden posts from the fallen correlation between the modern phytolith assemblages and the archaeological, as well  thatched roofs and mudbricks above. This study focuses on the identification as the ethnographic, assemblages. Finally, Understanding Agro- of different activity areas—hearths, food I built a reference collection of phytoliths Pastoral Economies processing rooms, storage rooms (versus from modern plants from the area in order barns) and open (versus roofed) areas— to acquire a reliable index by which to judge through Phytolith Analysis through the analysis of the phytolith as- the prehistoric and ethnographic record. semblages that are contained in each living The samples, as well as the modern GEORGIA TSARTSIDOU surface. The advantage of this study is its plants, were burned and treated with ac- UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI ethno-archaeological character, since the ids in order to extract the phytoliths. The WIENER LABORATORY ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES sampling of each living surface at Sarakini latter were analyzed under a petrographic FELLOW, 2003–2004 is accompanied by the certain knowledge of microscope and the data are under statisti- its use. The vehicle for this research is the cal process. The completion of this study Phytoliths are microscopic mineral forms qualitative and quantitative analysis of phy- will, I hope, shed light on the critical issue (amorphous silica, such as opal), which toliths per unit weight sediment combined of use of space and past human behavior. are formed in the cell walls of many plants. with information on the more general af- continued on page 16 They are the result of a process by which plants deposit solid silica in an intercellular or extracellular location after absorbing it in a soluble state from groundwater. Plants Wiener Lab News absorb water through their roots, and the soluble silica contained in the water is During the 2003–04 academic year, the around ways in which agriculture impacts carried passively with the vascular system Wiener Laboratory for the first time offered our work, such as the study of animal of the plants upward to the aerial organs a fellowship in environmental studies. This and plant domesticates, the tools used for (stalk, leaves, etc). Transpiration or water fellowship was designed to fund research- harvesting domesticated plants, organic loss causes the precipitation of solid silica ers conducting analyses on materials such residue analysis of pottery for possible in cell walls, intercellular spaces, or even as seeds, wood, charcoal, pollen, or phyto- foodstuffs, and human disease and dietary whole cells. The mineral tends to replicate liths (the silica “skeletons” of plants) from reconstruction from stable isotope analysis. the cell morphology. In so doing, after the archaeological sites in Greece. This past I believe that it was a learning experience death of the plant, it leaves behind the phy- year, the Wiener Lab was enriched by the for all involved. tolith as an identifying agent. Since they presence of Georgia Tsartsidou (University In February, Evangelia Kiriatzi (Direc- are inorganic, and therefore withstand of Thessaloniki), our first Environmental tor of the Fitch Laboratory at the British decomposition, they constitute in many Studies Fellow. Her research on phytoliths School at Athens) and I began a joint Fitch- cases the only botanical information of an is presented in this issue of akoue. We were Wiener Labs seminar series on science- archaeological site. also fortunate to have had two research- based archaeology. The monthly seminars In my research, phytolith analysis was ers from UCLA in the lab over the past have been stimulating and were enthusi- conducted at two sites in Thrace—a Neo- year, Geoarchaeology Fellow Brian Damiata astically received by those attending. In lithic one (Makri) and an ethnographic and Faunal Fellow Thanos Webb, both of March, we enjoyed Julie Hansen’s Malcolm environment (Sarakini village)—in order whose research reports also appear in this H. Wiener Lecture, “Plants and People in to shed light on past ways of life and sub- issue of akoue. In addition to funding the Greek Prehistory.” Thirteen other events were sistence systems. Sarakini is a traditional aforementioned fellowships, the Wiener sponsored or co-sponsored by the Wiener Pomak village that preserves a manner of Lab was able to fund four other Research Laboratory over the course of the past year. existence similar in many aspects to the Associateships over the course of the past Looking ahead, in the coming academic Neolithic. Most importantly for this study year; two additional researchers came on year we will be joined by the Lab’s first are the village’s domestic quarters, which their own funding. Malcolm H. Wiener Visiting Research Pro- resemble those of the Neolithic period, Besides working on our individual proj- fessor, Maria Liston (University of Water- consisting of structures with wooden ects, Georgia Tsartsidou, Thanos Webb, Ro- loo), who will be conducting research on roofs and stone walls covered with clay salia Christidou, Dushanka Ourem-Kotsou, her project “Liatovouni: the Molossian and lime, floors constructed from wooden Kirsi Lorentz, and I very much enjoyed or- Cemetery.” e beams overlaid by successive clay layers ganizing a workshop for Whitehead Pro- and lime (suggesting several phases of fessor Gary Reger’s “agriculture seminar” —Sherry Fox reuse), and post-framed barns with rye- last December. Our presentations centered Wiener Laboratory Director thatched roofs and traditional threshing

15 Wiener Lab Reports continued from page 15 Interpreting Animal Bones tal and vertical context of the animal re- a few examples from each species have been mains. As a result, once species determina- identified, three different types of deer are from Limenaria tion is complete, both spatial distribution present: red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow and temporal variation can be investigated. deer (Dama dama), and roe deer (Capreolus THANOS WEBB Since the context of the animal bones was capreolus). None of these species inhabit UCLA included in archaeologists’ excavation strat- Thasos today. Aside from data concerning WIENER LABORATORY FAUNAL FELLOW, 2003–2004 egies, the resulting analysis will be a unique the cultural implications of hunting dur- addition to faunal research in the region. A ing the Neolithic, there is an excellent op- zooarchaeological study of both sites will portunity at Limenaria for a diachronical For my Ph.D. dissertation, I am investigat- include an examination of the relative im- analysis of deer bone frequency that will ing the social implications of animal use in portance of animal species, age and sex pro- help to reconstruct a profile of the island’s Neolithic Greece. By conducting a detailed files, butchering techniques, an analysis of animal populations from an ecological faunal analysis from two coastal Neolithic body part distribution, and feasting. Due to perspective. sites—Limenaria on the island of Thasos, the detailed nature of my analysis, the most Thus far I have been fairly surprised at and Alepotrypa cave in Mani—I will ex- important research tool for this phase of the the lack of certain animals in this particular plore social inequality based on differential project is the Wiener Laboratory’s animal sample. For example, extensive gnawing on access to animal resources. The primary bone comparative collection. recovered bones shows clear evidence for goals of this research are to use established As the Wiener Laboratory Faunal Fel- domestic dogs and rodents at Limenaria. methods for identifying social differentia- low for 2003–04, my goal was to complete Direct faunal evidence of these species, tion based on faunal remains, and to ap- the species identification of the bone as- however, remains elusive. For the rodent ply the results of the faunal analysis to a semblage from Limenaria. Not surprisingly, bones, it is likely that they are too small theoretical model for emerging complexity early results showed that domestic animals to have been caught by the .5-cm screen. during the Greek Neolithic period. In other dominate. More specifically, sheep and goat The absence of dog bones is not a result of words, I propose adding animal remains to bones appear most frequently, followed by excavation methodology but of cultural or the list of cultural criteria for determining cattle, then pig. Sheep and goat mandibles environmental phenomena. Another unex- social complexity in the Aegean. were aged according to tooth wear patterns pected discovery at Limenaria is the lack What makes the excavations at Alepot- and reflect a predominance of animals less of marine resources; considering the site’s rypa and Limenaria excellent candidates for than two years of age. coastal location, I had assumed that fish studying social complexity is the fact that Along with domesticates, a variety of and shellfish would have played a more the excavators accounted for both horizon- wild animals are present. Even though only important role. e

Computer News

Ambrosia is On-Line! holdings both in Athens and in Knossos, and the number of records in the system TAREK ELEMAM approaches 200,000. Titles in Greek are INFORMATION SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGY MANAGER, listed both in Greek and in transliterated ASCSA English and can be searched using either language, making searching for Greek titles The new computerized union catalogue of more streamlined than before. the American and British schools is up and As with all new computer systems, there running under the name AMBROSIA — an have been a few glitches along the way, but acronym for “AMerican BRitish Online we view these merely as “growing pains.” As Search In Athens.” The system represents more and more users become familiar and the holdings of the Blegen, Gennadius, be accessed by scholars around the world comfortable with the system, they should and British School libraries and allows us- on the School’s website at www.ascsa.edu. share any concerns and pass on to us any ers to search for books in all three librar- gr/Ambrosia. In other words, you can fin- inaccuracies they spot in the records so that ies simultaneously. The system is flexible ish half your research before you even our goal of creating a reliable, accurate, and and easy to use, allowing researchers to step off the plane at Eleftherios Venizelos flexible electronic library catalog will be browse the collections using a variety of Airport! realized in as little time as possible. And search parameters and criteria: for example, In total, more than 170,000 records of for those of you who still like to browse author’s name, word or words in the title the Blegen and the Gennadius libraries the card-catalogue drawers: not to worry! of the book, or ISBN number. It is avail- were converted from the old card-catalogue They have not been dismissed as obsolete able to the public on computer terminals system to the new computerized system. — they are still in the entrance corridor of placed throughout the Blegen, Gennadius, Add to that the collection from the Brit- the Blegen Library and remain available to and British School Libraries and can also ish School Library, which consists of their library patrons. e

16 asked, And what, sir, are all them evacua- From The Archives tions down there? Having just that morning made the rounds of some of the less savory Homer Thompson: corners of our dig I could appreciate his War Correspondent choice of words to the full.”  LIZABETH WARD PAPAGEORGIOU ASCSA ARCHIVE ASSISTANT FOR THE A Day in Ancient Corinth, HOMER A. THOMPSON PAPERS 1934 During World War II, Homer Thomp- son was an officer in the Royal Canadian NATALIA VOGEIKOFF-BROGAN ASCSA ARCHIVIST Naval Reserve. Stationed in Bari, Italy, in 1943 and 1944, where he served as an intelligence officer, he wrote frequent let- Richard H. (Dick) Howland, former Chair ters to his wife, Dorothy Burr Thompson. of the Managing Committee and ASCSA These letters, now part of the Homer A. Trustee Emeritus, recently gave the School’s Thompson Papers residing in the School’s Archives transcriptions of a series of letters Archives, provide an interesting glimpse written by him to his family between Sep- into his wartime years. Photo courtesy of Pamela Todd tember 21, 1933 and May 29, 1934 while he Because Homer Thompson, like all ser- Homer A. Thompson and daughter attended the School’s regular program as a vicemen, was prohibited by strict security Pamela during the war (taken ca. 1942 Charles Eliot Norton Fellow. This valuable in Toronto). regulations from referring to any location collection of private, unedited letters paints occupied by the enemy, all references to a vivid picture of everyday life at the School Greece had to be in code. Here are a few of the young English army captain who before World War II. Legendary characters excerpts from his letters about “our favou- commanded the handful of British troops whose names we all have heard are brought rite land” (i.e., Greece): garrisoning the place, I was able to wan- to life through Mr. Howland’s letters. The “2 young U.S. aviators just returned der about completely alone on a gloriously following excerpt, from a letter dated March from several months enforced stay in our clear and sunny p.m., disturbed only by the 11, 1934, describes a day in ancient Corinth favourite land. One of them had come crackle of machine gun fire and the smoke during the excavation season: down in the water just off the site of Paynes of burning police stations, which however “The excavations are very extensive, dig [code for Perachora].” seemed the merest of inconsequential inci- with 125 men working. Three separate sec- “I have just been looking over a set of dents in the presence of those monuments. tions are being uncovered with Mr. Broneer, aerial photographs of our favourite city In the Propylaia I came on several Tommies Gladys Davidson—who has been here for [code for Athens] taken last Oct. and have who were showing a commendable curi- a couple of years—and Prof. Morgan. The been fairly homesick looking down into the osity about their surroundings and asked others staying here at Corinth are Joe Shel- familiar holes and the old courtyards and me many questions about the buildings. ley, the architect, Mr. and Mrs. Stillwell, the nearby squares. So far as I could make We chatted for a good while, and as we who are doing odd jobs around, and Mr. out our property [code for the Athenian looked down into the Agora one of them continued on page 19 Agora] was all intact.” “We had a short visit last week from a naval captain of our favourite land, a native of the island which Dorpfeld would have made Odysseus’ home [code for Leukas].” [In a letter dated October 1, 1944, fol- lowing the liberation of Greece, comment- ing as other intelligence officers are sent over to Greece] “We continue to send off parties to our favourite land, and I find it very bitter having to give them the names and addresses of our old friends and doc- tors and dentists.” [In a letter dated February 2, 1945, de- scribing his first post-war return to Athens in November–December 1944] “I walked up Lykabettos one morning but it was nec- essary to keep to the main paths for care- less lovers who wandered from them were Photo courtesy of the ASCSA Archives (Howland Papers). reported to have been blown to bits by Ger- man mines not yet lifted. On the Acropolis Gladys Davidson, Dick Howland, and Mrs. De Waele spitting lambs for Easter I fared better. Having gotten the permission Sunday in Corinth.

17 Blegen’s Archaeological Clippings Archive Revived

A generous donation from archaeologist and longtime School Member Judith Binder has made it possible to resurrect a unique resource in the Blegen Library, as she describes here.

Between 1953 and 1965, the American Jour- topographical classification by site and work in the months he worked on the Ar- nal of Archaeology published Eugene Van- improvised new classifications that often chive. He was succeeded by Alexandra van derpool’s invaluable Newsletter from Greece, duplicated, overlapped, or conflicted with der Staaÿ, a student kindly recommended and his now-legendary courses on the to- each other, creating inconsistencies nestled by Professor Eleutheria Serbeti of the Uni- pography of Athens, Attica and Greece in inconsistencies. Reports of excavations versity of Athens. Ms. van der Staaÿ began were a regular part of the School’s teaching made by foreign schools were filed by the by dismantling a collection of hundreds of program. In the course of his work, Van- school’s nationality rather than by site; a articles clumped under the classification derpool came to realize that Greek newspa- thick ring binder labeled “Caves” was a Smuggling and Thefts, filing the articles by pers provide an essential resource for new jumble of unsorted articles; and indeed, for site and, in the process, losing her starry- discoveries, often years ahead of official some time the archive hardly functioned: eyed faith in the intrinsic goodness of hu- reports. He delighted in pointing out that a clippings were folded up into tight little man nature. legible photograph of the Derveni papyrus packets stuffed into sheets of small plas- When the initial funding ends, Ms. Pho- appeared on the front page of Kathimerini tic pockets kept in unlabeled ring binders tiades has proposed allowing students from years before the text was made available dispersed in odd nooks and crannies of the the University of Athens to have library to scholars. Under his inspiration, in the Blegen Library. privileges in exchange for working on the 1950’s the School began a subscription to Last year, with the collaboration of Archive. In the meantime, Maria Tourna a clipping service that collected articles of Acting Librarian Mimi Photiades, I drew of the Blegen Library staff also contributes archaeological interest which Vanderpool up a plan and donated funds to restore much-appreciated help and advice. For my himself arranged in topographical order. the Archive to its original working order, part, I am working on a booklet that pres- After Vanderpool’s retirement, no one organized by sites. With these funds, the ents the purpose and scope of the Archive person had the responsibility of keeping Library hired an assistant, Stavros Oikono- and guidelines about the filing system and the Archive in order. Its maintenance was mides, a knowledgeable topographer, who the labels, and I am also trying to find a way assigned to various helpers who, lacking began the job of cleaning up the mess and of correlating ancient, Byzantine, Slavic, specific guidelines, abandoned the strictly who accomplished an amazing amount of Turkish, and Albanian place-names. e

Corinth Conservator Retires

Stella Bouzaki, who has been part of the stone and terracotta, sculpture, and archi- School staff at Ancient Corinth since 1973, tecture. In addition to her work at Ancient retired this past year. As head conservator Corinth, Ms. Bouzaki has participated in at the Corinth Museum, she was respon- excavations and conservation projects in sible for all the materials in the museum, Thebes, the Kerameikos in Athens, Kea, both those already on display and those Santorini, Naxos, Kimolos, Samos, Yian- fresh out of the ground. nina, Porto Cheli, Isthmia, Aigina, and Originally from Chania in Crete, Ms. Alexandria in Egypt. Bouzaki was educated in conservation, In the Corinth Museum, Ms. Bouzaki deliniation, and art at the Doxiades School displayed a rare combination of skill in and in the N. Baltoyiannis and N. Kailas conservation with aesthetic sensitivity in Workshop. She furthered her knowledge the presentation of materials. In the field, by following a wide range of courses at the she was in charge of the excavation, resto- Antikensammlungen Museum, Munich; ration and reconstruction of sensitive mate- the London Institute of Archaeology, the rial as well as research into new methods Department of Conservation (1973); the for the conservation and presentation of American Academy in Rome, Pompeii, mosaics. Napoli, and Herculaneum (1984); and the In addition to her conservation work, Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, Califor- she has published the restoration of the ˆ nia (1990). Thanks to the variety of materi- Ayia Irini figures from Kea in M. Caskey, als produced by a large city site like Corinth Keos II. The Temple at Ayia Irini. Part I: The as well as other sites where she has worked, Statues. She also paints and reproduces Byz- Photo courtesy the Corinth Excavations e she has broad experience in working with antine icons. Stella Bouzaki at work, c. 2000. metals, frescoes, Byzantine icons, glass and faience, ceramic, animal and human bone,

18 In Memoriam Exhibition on Lasithi Paul’s research interests were broad, Opens in Lasithi extending from prehistoric and classical Since the nineteenth century, Greek Greece to imperial Rome; in the last 15 and foreign scholars have excavated years he added ancient gender and sexu- and explored the Lasithi Plain in Crete. ality to his bibliography (e.g., his articles Thanks to a collaborative effort of the on women in the Thera frescoes and their 24th Ephoreia, the INSTAP Study Cen- use of saffron), and he brought a fresh eye ter for East Crete, and members of the to old themes. Many of Paul’s numerous American School, their discoveries are publications are thus important: to name highlighted in an exhibition of photo- just two, his edited volume, The Role of graphs installed in the Psychro Commu- the Ruler in the Prehistoric Aegean (Liège nity Hall on the road to the “Dictaean 1995), questioned the masculinist assump- Cave” in Lasithi. tion that only men governed Minoan Crete, The exhibition, which opened in Au- and his recent article, “Aeneas or Numa? gust, chronicles the long series of exca- Rethinking the Meaning of the Ara Pacis vations that have uncovered the Plain’s Augustae” (The Art Bulletin 83.2, June 2001, rich history, beginning with work in the 190-208), broke new ground in Augustan “Dictaean Cave” itself in the nineteenth studies. He leaves behind him several ma- century and leading up to the present. jor works in progress, including two book Among the more dramatic finds are those Photo: John Younger manuscripts, Imperium and Cosmos on discovered recently at the Hagios Chara- Augustus’s building program, and Aegean Paul Rehak with canine friends. lambos cave site. Directed by Managing Women in the Bronze Age—both will be pub- Committee Member Philip Betancourt lished shortly. in collaboration with Costis Davaras and A gifted linguist who would read novels PAUL REHAK Eleni Stravopodi, and sponsored by Tem- (1954–2004) in Greek and could recite poems in French ple University, this excavation has found and Greek (ancient and modern; Sikelianos Minoan figurines of hippopotamus ivory, and Elytis were favorites), he was also a tal- Paul Rehak, Secretary of the School’s six examples of the sistrum, and jewelry ented artist who left behind a large number Alumni/ae Association from 2000 until of gold, silver, and other materials. of pen and ink sketches and watercolors of 2004, died in June. Associate Professor of Under the general direction of Stav- romantic ruins, Byzantine churches, flow- Classics at the University of Kansas, Paul roula Apostolakou, acting director of ers, and above all, dogs. He was also, in received a B.A. in 1976 from the Univer- the 24th Ephoreia, the exhibition’s or- his early days, an ardent swimmer, refer- sity of Michigan in Classical Studies and ganizing team included Mr. Betancourt, ring to himself as a “pavlópsaro.” Gener- Classical Archaeology and Ph.D. from Bryn Thomas Brogan (Director, the East Crete ous and loyal to his friends, a teacher who Mawr College in 1985, writing on Roman Center), Stefi Chlouveraki, Susan Fer- also learned from his students, he always sculpture under Brunilde Ridgway. During rence, and Eleanor Huffman, as well as considered his research and his teaching this period, he went to the School as John Alekos Nikakis, Chief Conservator for intertwined, carefully noting his students’ Williams White Fellow (1980–81) and the Ephoreia. The new exhibition is part observations in class and on site, obser- worked as the architect on site at the Apollo of a major renovation of the public exhi- vations that would spur him on to fresh Hylates sanctuary at Kourion in Cyprus bition program in eastern Crete that also thoughts and new endeavors, cut short by (1981, 1982). He was also a fellow at the includes a renovation of the Archaeo- death come too soon. Villa Messenzia in Rome (1983–84), and logical Museum in Hagios Nikolaos. felt at home in Greece and Italy, Modern —John G. Younger Greek and Italian. In addition to teaching at Kansas, where Archives he was tenured and promoted in March just continued from page 17 before his death, Paul taught at the Col- Hill, an old veteran who has been excavat- then go to bed early. It’s a very restful and lege of Wooster, the American University ing here for 30 years. . . Life here is peaceful healthy life and I feel fine. Today is Sun- of Paris (where he learned fluent French), in the extreme: we get up at 7:00, are at day; Joe [Shelley] and I went out early and Loyola University of Chicago, and Duke work by 8:00, and stay there until 12:30. I climbed around Akro Corinth, the big University, where he was visiting assistant Then comes lunch until 1:30, and then we mountain in back of us, while he sketched. professor for both the Department of Clas- go back to work. Tea comes at 5:00, and In the afternoon, I scarbled around Pente sics and of Art History. He was immensely everybody stops work for the day then. We Skoufia, another high hill, and then walked popular at Duke as an activist for gay and all have tea in the living room of the main several miles down to the Gulf of Corinth lesbian rights, a teacher (he led students excavation house—called Oakley House. . . . At tea we had a little party in honor around Rome in the summers and initiated From tea until dinner (7:30) we do what of Mr Hill’s 61st birthday, with champagne a sold-out “Myth and Film” seminar for we want—write letters, take a walk, take from Athens, etc. . . we all sang songs and freshmen), and advisor and mentor—many a nap, a bath, a shave, etc. . . After dinner had a nice time.” e of his students have gone on in classics and we all sit around the fire for a while and archaeology.

19 James R. McCredie, President of the School’s Anthony Cutler, research professor of art

 Board of Trustees, emeritus Professor at the history at Penn State, Gennadeion Fellow

Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, at the School in 1970, and former member and head of the excavations at Samothrace, of the Gennadius Committee of the Manag- was presented with an honorary degree in ing Committee, has been named Evan Pugh the Department of History and Archaeology Professor, the highest distinction that Penn at the University of Athens on June 2. Pre- State can bestow upon a faculty member. siding over the ceremony in the university’s Recognized as a world authority in Byzan- Great Hall was Professor George Babiniotis, tine studies, he is currently completing The Prytan, while Olga Palagia, professor at the Empire of Things: Gift Exchange in Byzan- university, described Mr. McCredie’s contri- tium, Islam and Beyond, to be published by    butions to the field. Following the awarding the University of Chicago Press, and has of the degree, Mr. McCredie delivered an authored 12 books, numerous book chap- address, “Samothrace and Macedonia.” ters, and hundreds of papers and reviews.   Peter Schultz (Gorham P. Stevens Fellow News & Notes News 1999–2000, Samuel H. Kress Fellow 1998– 99, Fulbright Fellow 1997-98) has joined the staff of Concordia College as Assistant What’s New? Professor of Art History.  ákoue’s “News and Notes” Friends and colleagues honored ASCSA Trustee Emeritus and Gennadius Library column is devoted to items of Trustee Alan L. Boegehold on his retirement interest about ASCSA alumnae/i, from teaching at Brown University with a festschrift containing essays on themes close trustees, Managing Committee to his heart. Entitled “Gestures: Essays on members, and friends. Ancient Greek History, Literature, and Phi- Announcements about honors, losophy in Honor of Alan Boegehold,” the book pays tribute to Mr. Boegehold’s broad publications, achievements, new range of interests in classical literature and appointments, etc. are always archaeology, especially his studies of refer- ences to hand and body gestures embed- welcome. If you have news to ded in ancient texts. Published last year by share, please send it to the Oxbow Books, the book was edited by his Photo: Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan former students, current ASCSA Mellon Newsletter Editor, ASCSA, James R. McCredie after receiving honor- Professor James Sickinger, and Geoffrey 6–8 Charlton Street, ary degree at the University of Athens in Bakewell, professor at Creighton Univer- June. sity, and contributors included colleagues Princeton, NJ 08540-5232. and many former students.

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