American School of Classical Newsletter Studies

at Athens Spring 2000 Νο.44

School and Gennadeion Boards Name Ancient Technology: New Trustees, Officers The Fire of the Greek Kilns At their November meetings, Trustees of the School and the Gennadius Library voted Parts of thίs report ~vere presented ί nα in new offi cers and added new men1bers. poster dίsp lay at the Α /Α mee tίngs ίn Dallas Elected as President of the Board fο ι- three ίn 1999 by School Me ιnba Elenί Hasakί. years is Dr. Ρ. Roy Yagelos, with Chairman Charles Κ. Williams, 11 and Treasurer "Firing is half the job," an ex peήe n ced Hunter Lewi s. William Τ Loomi s will ι ·e­ potter on Crete confided to me when Ι main as Secretary. The Gennadeion Board started my fi eld trips last summer. In my named Ted Athanassides Yi ce Chairman, case the kilns are the e n t i Γe job, since my while Lloyd Ε. Cotsen remained as Chair­ dissertati on focuses on the ce Γ arnic ki lns in man of th e Board . Greece from the G eo m e tΓi c through the As new Board members fo r the School, Cl assical peri ods. At least one hundred ιh e Tω s t ees elected Lady Judith Ogden kilns weι-e operating at fifty sites in Greece Thomson, while the growing Gennadeion within these c h ω n o lo g i ca l limits. Once Board added Loucas Kyri acopoulos, Lana gathered fro m the scattered excavation re­ Mandilas, the Honorable Ε. Leo Milonas, ports, the kilns can paint a vivid pi ctu re of Andre Newburg, Helen Philon, and Marga­ the ceramic indu s ιry. Furthermore, the close ret Samourkas. examination of the design and size of the D r. Ρ Roy Vagelos Dι-. Ρ. Roy Yagel os, who succeeds Lloyd kilns can indicate local and/or chronologi­ Ε . Cotsen fο Γ a three-year term as President cal pΓac ti ces in their construction. of the School Board, joined the ASCSA Massachusetts General Hospital. Α π aνeΓ age G Γee k kiln has two cham­ Board in 1995. The author of more than 100 scientific bers. The l ow e Γ combustion chamber where DΓ . Yagelos served as Chief Executive papers, Dr. Yagelos Γece i ved an Α . Β . degree the fuel is burned is usuaJi y th e part, mostly Officer ofMerck & Co., Inc., fo r nine yeaΓs, in chemi stry from the Uni versity of Penn­ subterranean, that is preserved. Above it from July 1985 to June 1994. He was fi rst sylvania and hi s M.D. fωm the Coll ege of there is the firing c h a mbe Γ , where the te πa­ elected to the Board of Directors in 1984 Phys icians and Surgeons, Columbia Uni­ cotta products aΓ e fu ed. Thi s part is roofed and served as i ts C h a iιm an from April 1986 ve rsity. He is a m erή b er of the National each time before firing and then dismantled to November 1994. He was previously Ex­ Academy of Sciences, the American Acad­ to remove the kiln load. The two levels are ecutive Yi ce Pres ident of th e worldwide emy of Arts and Sciences, and the Ameri ­ separated hOii zontall y by a perforated clay health pωduct s company and, b efoΓ e that, can Philosophica1 Society and has received flo o Γ , which all ows the heat to circulate President of its Research Division, which honorary degrees from a number of insti­ from the lower chamber to the upper. The he joined in 1975. Under hi s leadership, tutions including B ωw n University, New upward direction of the heat categori zes Merck became the world's largest pharma­ York University, Columbia University, these kilns as updraft. The fl oor is supported ceutical company. Mount Sinai Medical Center, Princeton by a vari ety of systems, the most co nυno n Earli er, he served as Chairman of the Uni versity, Universi ty ofPennsylvania, and being a central column. Department of BiologicaJ C h e mi s ιry of the Rutge Γs University. Greek kilns are ty pi call y circul ar, oval, School ofMedicine at Washington Univer­ Dr. Yagelos is a Director of the Pω ­ or rectangul ar in shape. Examples of t.h e sity in St. Loui s and as Founding Director dential In s u Γa n ce Company of America, last type, long thought to be the exception, ofthe University's Division ofBiology and PepsiCo, Inc., and the Estee La ud e Γ Com­ are actu ally quite num eω u s. The dimen­ Biomedi cal Sciences. He had previously panies, Inc. He is C h a ίrm an of the Board sions of kilns (usuall y a diaωeter of 1.2- held seni or positions in cellular physiology of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a 1.5 m for a c ir c ul a ι- kiln, 3 χ 3 m for a Γec­ and bi ochemistry at the Nati onal Heart In­ trustee of the Danforth Foundati on, and tangul ar one) are qui te modest until we stitute, after his internship and residency at cοιιιίιιιι ec/ on page 2 co ntiιHΙed on ρage 8

Published by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens Ν ew Ί'rustees, Officers Ν amed Princeton Uni versity Graduate Program in firrn specializing in the construction of civil contίnuedfrωn page Ι Art and Archaeology, focusing on Chinese engineering projects, and in industrial, archaeology. Ηeι- professional work has commercial, and Γes id en tial buildings. Al­ been in administration, as a member of the though retired, he continues to serve on its Director of the Donald Danforth Plant Sci­ Govemor's staff in Massachusetts, Staff As­ Board of Directors. Educated as a civil en­ ences Center. From 1994 to 1999, he served sistant to the President of Boston Univer­ gineeΓ at the Technical Uni versity of Ath­ as Chairman of the Board of the University sity, and Executive Director of Chinese ens, Mr. Kyriacopoulos built a mining, of Pennsylvania. Dr. Vagelos is Founding Legal Studies, Columbia University Law quarry, and concrete company into a major Co-chairman of the New Jersey Center for School. She currently divides her time be­ design, site planning, and real estate devel­ the Perforrning Arts. tween London and Princeton, and has four opment firm . He also headed subsidiary Both Dr. Vagelos and his wife, Diana, are children from a previous marriage. firms related to building materials and in­ first-generation Greek-Americans, and their She is married to Sir John Adam ternational construction projects, site devel­ first language was Greek. Dr. Vagelos 's par­ Thomson, a retired British diplomat, who opment, and tourism. He has served on ents were born in Asia Minor, his mother served at many embassies in the Middle many boards; notable are ΕΤΒΑ S.A. (Hel­ in Smyrna and his father in Denizli, from East and United States duήng the 1950s and lenic Industrial Development Bank) and families with roots in Mytilene. Mrs. 1960s. He was Minister and Deputy Perma­ VIPETVA S.A. (specializing in the devel­ Vagelos's family came from Cephalonia. nent Representative to ΝΑΤΟ in 1972, High opment of industrial projects). He was spe­ Lady Judith Ogden Thomson has seι-ved Commissioner in India, 1977 to 1982, and cial advisor to Prime Minister Constantine on numerous cultural and civic boards, in­ Permanent Representative to the United Karaωanlis for national project planning cluding The Massachusetts Council on the Nations from 1982 to 1987. He a\so led the and currently serves on the boards of the Arts, Boston University, and The Asia So­ CSCE Humanitarian Mission to Bosnia­ Central Committee Citizens' Movement ciety. Currently she is a Trustee and mem­ Herzegovina in 1992. Among other current and Foundation for Econornic and Indus­ ber of the Executive Boards of the South activities, he serves as a Trustee of The trial Research. Mr. Kyriacopoulos has also African Legal Services and Legal Education Nationa1 Museums of Scotland. worked with the European Union on a num­ Project, the Smithsonian Archives of Ameri­ ber of projects, has contributed articles for can Art, the Friends of the Institute for Ad­ journals and newspapers, and has co­ vanced Study, and the Princeton Chamber Gennadius Library Board Adds authoι-ed the book, Greece ίn Crίsίs . Symphony. She is also Chair of the Ameri­ Six New Members Born in Nigeria to a prominent Greek can Friends of the British Museum. Α prominent businessman in Athens, farnily engaged ίη trading and manufactur­ Born in Australia, she graduated with Loucas Kyriacopoulos is the founder and ing, Lana Mandilas was educated in honors from Radcliffe College in 1962, and principal shareholder of Hellenic Techno­ did graduate work at Harvard and the domiki Α . Ε. , an engineering and design co n tίnu.e d on page 12

In Celebration of a Remarkable Woman AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES ΑΤ ATHENS While events this coming July at the School and in Crete mark one hundred years of 54 Souidias Street, GR-106 76 Athens. Greece American archaeology in Crete, they also celebrate the accomplishments of α remarkable woman, Harrίet Boyd, who inAprί/1900 sailedfrom Pίraeus to Crete to pίoneer Amerίcan 6-8 Charlton Street, Princeton*** , NJ 08540-5232 excavatίon ίn Crete. James D. Muhly, Dίrector ofthe School, relates here some ofher story. NEWSLEΠER Spring 2000 Νο . 44 Harriet Boyd came to the American and her foreman at Gournia, was a fine Executive Editor School with the class of 1899-1900 on the looking young tnan, especially when Catherine deG. Vanderpool Agnes Hoppin Memorial Fellowship, cre­ dressed in fullfustanella. As Harriet wrote Edίtorial Assistant ated to iιηprove research oppoι·tunities for in one of her letters, ' Ίt's truly a delight to Mary Ε. Darlington female members of the School. At first, she have such good-looking legs about." hoped to use some of her money to dig sev­ After having the good fortune of visit­ Production eral tombs near Corinth, but the Director of ing Κnossos ση the day that Evans worked Mary Jane Gavenda the School, Rufus Byam Richardson, did ο η the area of the Throne Room, Harήet left not approve of women participating in field­ on a ten-day tour of central Crete, looking The Newsletter is published semjannually work. Not to be deterred, Miss Boyd turned for a suitable site. On the basis of the "walls, by the ASCSA under tbe inspiration of to Crete, and found support for her interests potsherds, and small antiquities found by Doreen C. Spitzer, Trustee Enιerita. Please from David Hogarth, Director of the Brit­ the peasants ... " in the general area of the address all correspondence and inquiήes to ish School, and Arthur Evans himself, who village, she chose Kavousi, and then hur­ the Newsletter Editor, ASCSA U.S. Office, invited her to Knossos. ried back to Herakleion. Using fast mules 6-8 Charlton Street, Prίnceton , NJ 08540- On April12, 1900, Miss Boyd arrived ίη to traverse some sixty miles in a day and a 5232. Tel.: (609) 683-0800; Fax: (609) 924- Herakleion withAήstides Pappadias, whom half, she submitted her petition to the Min­ 0578; Website: www.ascsa.org; E-mail: she had met in Volos, and his mother, who ister of Education for permission to exca­ [email protected]. served as chaperone and cook. Aristides, vate in the general area of Kavousi and who later became a close friend, confidante, co ntίnu e d on page 9

2 Corinth Objects Recovered ln α ρre-dαwn rα ί d ί n Αρrίl 1990, tl1 ίeves mαde off wίth so ιn e 276 objects from the Co r ίnth Muse uιn . The Aιn e rί cαn S(:/10ol ρlαyed α key ι υ l e ίn he lρίng aιιtl1 o rίtί es recover the stolen αntίquίtίes , as desc rίb e d by Co rίn th 's Assίstαnt Dίrec to r, Nancy Boo kίdis .

In September 1999 the Greek goveι-n­ ties of the GΓeek police and the Ministry ment ιηade an astounding public announce­ were not known to us in Corinth. But we, ment: most of the objects stolen fωm the too, had some success, for in 1998 Ann ·c;~ Corinth Archaeological Museum in ApΓil Brownlee of the UniνeΓ s ity of Pennsylva­ 1990, had been found in Miarni, Florida. ~ nia Γecog ni zed a black-figure skyphos from "θ Sιηuggled into the United States in crates Corinth in a sale catalogue of the Royal "' . ~" of fish , the artifacts ended up in a storage Athena Gallery. When Gallery owner Jerry ~ faci li ty in Miaιηi , wheΓe they were confis­ Eisenberg was apprised of the situation, he 8 ~ cated by the FBI and transferred to New led authorities to several other pieces. When York. Although ΓumoΓs had arisen over the the obj ects were fo ιιnd in Miaιηi , three Ό years as to the whereabouts of the stolen "' ιηarble heads weΓe not a ιη o n g them, "~ mat eΓia l , it was not until I 997 that the n aιηe ly , a p ortτait of Julius Caesar, an Eros, _.______Jo: " Gieek government Γeceived positive word and a Sarapis. But in D ece ιηb e Γ of 1999 about their location fω ι η a man acting as Chailes Williams attended an auction at Anιong tl1.e objec ιs· recovered: /arge-sca/e an inte rm e di aι·y for their owner in the U.S. Christie's in NewYork, where he found the ι naι ·bl e head of Scπαρίs, Roman ρ e rίocl. Working together with the FBI, the Greek head of SaΓapis in their catalogue. To1d that police and the Ministiy of Culture then th e piece had been withdrawn, he then went were found in AιηeΓica. This points out the pursued this contact, which led to the mar­ to Interpol. Undoubtedly as a result of thi s, need fοΓ all of us to work harder to stop the velous discovery ofthe objects theιη se l ves. the American Embassy in Athens was able sale of illegall y acquiied antiquities. Nev­ More recently, ιh e Greek newspapers have to repoΓt ο η Febιυaι·y 12, 2000, that all thiee ertheless, the outcoιηe has been beyond oui announced the aπes t of two men and a heads had been recovered. hopes, and we owe great thanks to the ef­ woman, believed to have been involved in Not everything has been found, but what forts of the Greek govern111ent and the po­ the theft. is still ιηi ss in g is offar less value than what lice in bringing this about. lt also e ΠΊph a­ There is much thathas happened behind has been Γ ecove red . There has also been sizes the importance of cooperative work, the scenes to help bring matters to a head, sοιη e damage. How much will not be cleaΓ in this case between the Greek police and and the American School has played its until the objects are ι · e turned to the Mu­ the FBI, and the AΠΊeΓican School and the role. Thanks to the good recoΓds of the seum. It is discouraging that the objects Ministiy of Culture. Corinth excavations, Charles Κ . Willi ams, Il, and Ι were able to provide the Ministiy of Culture and Interpol with complete de­ scriptions ofthe stolen objects within eight hours from the time of our entry into the Earthquake Leads to Rediscovery of Museum after the theft. Thereafter, the Corinth photographers Ino Ioannidou and School's Early Building Plans Lenio Bartziotou stopped all other business in order to print over 1600 photographs of Scl10ol Arc l1ίv ίst Natalίa Vo geίkojj~ Brogan de taίls here the searι· hfor the o rίg ίn αl ρlans of the objects for iιηιη e di a te distribution to the tl1e School's 1886 Μαίη Buίldίn g . necessary authorities. The School published a special fascicle of I FAR, the journal ofthe The earthquake of Septeιηber 9 was a School building, ''to be e Γ ec ted at a ιηaχi­ lnternational Foundation fοΓ ΑΓt Reseaι· ch, terrible surprise to tltose who beli eved that ιηuιη cost oftwenty-five thousand doll ars," Inc., with brief descriptions and photo­ Athens was not prone to the devastating according to Louis Lord's Hίstory of the graphs of the objects, for c iΓcu l ation to tre111ors that have shaken otheΓ regions of An1eι-ί can Scl1ool. School Archivist Natalia mu se uιη s , galleri es, and private collectois. Greece in the neai and distant past. Among Vogeikoff-Brogan contacted Coluιηbia Th ereafte Γ , the School installed a1arm sys­ the ΠΊΟΓe heavily damaged of the city's hi s­ University's Archives and di scovered that tems in the mu seums of Corinth, Isthmia, torical buildings was the School 's Main Ware's papers were preserved in theA.D.F. Nemea, and the Atl1enian Agora. For all of Building, constructed in 1886, which now Hanιl in Collection at the Avery Library and these efforts the cost was born by the houses the Director's residence. that the 1886 plans weΓe aιηong Ha111lin 's Aιηerican School. Το expedite repairs, ιh e architects and p ape Γs. A.D.F. Hamlin had served as assis­ Over the yeaι· s Ι s ubιηitted articles ο η the e n g in ee Γ s asked to see the OΓiginal plans by tant to Ware in the 1880s and later hi111 self stol en mateΓia1 to various popular ιηaga­ Willia111 Η. Ware, but the only evidence in b ecaωe full pΓofesso Γ and dean after Ware's zines in order to keep the m eιηory of the the School's Aichives was an illustΓation of Ietire111ent. This winter, through generous theft ali ve and in the hopes that this would the fiι·st- and second-floor plans published funding provided by forω er Director of the meet the legal αiterion of due dilίgen ce . By in the An1erίcan Arcl1. ίte ct Buίldίng News, School, ASCSA and Gennadeion Tιυ s tee inte Γnationa11aw it is not enough to be abl e 1889. Mr. Ware, who was Prσfesso r of AI­ Jaιηes R. McCredie, the Archives of the to prove owneΓship of a given stolen object; chitecture at Colu111bi a U ni ve Γs it y , was a School acquired copies of all 60 drawings one must also show due diligence in trying Meιηber of the Managing Co111mittee. ln in color slide and pΓint for111at. to Γecove r it. For obvious reasons the activi- 1886, he was asked to subrnit pl ans for a contin.ued σ η page 5

3 Messenia Conference Focuses on Ancient Shipbuilding

The School's Mellon Professor, Male Langdon, sιιmιnarίzes the proceedίngs ofthe Vllth fnternational Synψosium on Ship Construction in Antiquity, held in August this past )'ear. . When convened in Delphi in 1985, the serendipitously: at the time the Marsala who aΓe at the forefront of developing new first international symposiuιη on ancient wreck was discovered, Frost happened to technologies for deep-sea exploration. ship construction drew a modest crowd of observe a local funeratΎ custom in which In her tuΓn , Eve Black questioned some 50. This past August, the seventh in the se­ plaster casts were made of the deceased of the basic premises driving underwater ri es drew more than 150 active participants, peΓson 's face and set up at the church dur­ archaeology. Unlike Jand sites, whi ch have a tribute to the organizing committee under ing the funeral. She acted qui ckl y to apply di ac lιro ni c histories, a shipwreck represents the leadership of Harry Tzalas. the same techniques to the fΓagile ship, a si ngle hi storical moment in time. Τοο of­ Held in Petalidi, Messenia, the sympo­ making it possible now to Γetri eve criti cal ten, says Black, a wreck is lifted out and sium offered ten hours of paper sessions for information from thi s wreck. At the end of placed in an envίωnιη ent for which it was four consecutive days. While the core theιηe the symposium, Frost received a well-de­ never intended simply to satisfy society's of ship coostruction Γe ce ived some atten­ seΓved award of meΓit for her lengthy record demands. Black also criticized what is of­ tion, much moι·e time was spent on other of dedication to ancient m a Γitiιη e studies. ten done at ancient harbor sites when po1i­ aspects of marine archaeology and hi story, Underwater exploration was also the tics and commercial interest have the up­ suggesting that the symposium has out­ foc us ofEiisl1 a Linder's pape Γ , which effec­ peΓ hand, citing the case of CaesaΓea grown its name. tively pΓe se nted the dilemma that profes­ Maritima as an especially egregious ex­ Leading off was Honor Frost, who re­ sional underwater aΓchaeologists face in ample of how an ancient port is becoming ported on the heartbreaking and unconscio­ dealing with the dilettante ex ploreΓ . With a modeιη Di sneyland . nab\e deterioration of the Punic ship at Γeference to the work of Robe Γt Ballard , These pape Γ S and the presentations on Marsala in Sicily. Although the original tim­ Linder cautioned that, whi le one mi ght specific design e l e ιη ent s of Athenian t:Γieres bers have now deteriorated beyond recog­ question his Γecent claims of Phoenician by Evangelos Tzachos and Ε. Castagnino nition, Frost's plaster casts made soon af­ shipwΓecks off the coast of Israel, the great evoked lively di scussions, but polemic took ter discovery preserve the hull 's dimensions depth of the sites- 1,000 m- n1ean s that a back seat fοΓ the symposium 's many ses­ as wel\ as traces ofPhoenicio-Punic callig­ professional underwater archaeologists sions. Among the techni cal offerings Ι men- raphy. The notion of maldng the casts came must team up with ex plorers like BallaΓd co nιiιιu e d on next ρage

Life at School B.L.H. ("Before Loring Hall")

Among recent accessions in the struction was delayed untίll928 because of School's Archives are several black-and­ legal complications concerning the land white snapshots of a neo-classical man­ title as well as lack of funds. sion on ] 8 Academy Street ίη Athens. In the absence of a suitable residence, Donated to the School's Arclιives by the School 's fema1e students were forced to Susan Anderson, these photos were live in private dweJlings, but with the influx among a quantity of family papers and of refugees from Asia Minor after the dis­ pictures inherited by Ms. Anderson from astrous campaign of] 922, this arrangement her great aunt, Alice Little. In tum, Miss was no longer possible. Under extreme Little had obtained the photos from her pressure, in 1922-1923, the Managing close friend, Caroline Morris Galt (1875- Committee grudgiήgly voted to allow sev­ 1937), a professor of Classics at Mount eral women to occupy rooms ίη the men's Holyoke College, who took the pictures dorrnitory at the east end of the School's in 1925-1926 while serving as the building. In the coπespondence, one reads, School's Annual Professor. " ... The housing of both men and women Rare documents, these capture the in the same building was not right and never building on Academy Street that was would be right, nor would it seem ιight to 18 Acadenιy Stι·eet, women 's ι·esίdence for used to house the School's female mem­ the Athenian public ... the Managing Com­ ASCSA meιnbers ( 1923-1929). bers from 1923 to 1929, before the con­ mittee was strongly of the opinion that we struction ofLoring Hall. From 1915 on, shou1d ]ease rooms or a house not too far George Π). Apparently, the "palace" be­ the Managing Committee had been de­ from the Schoo] and establish our women came available for lease in 1923 because bating the issue of accommodating there ...." (Edward Capps, Chair of the Greece had been declared a Republic in women at the School. In 1919, the School Managing Committee, to Director Bert the wake of the Asia Minor disaster, and was able to buy the land where Loring Hodge Hill, May 14, 1923). the royal family was forced to exile untiJ Hall stands today, and a committee set The buildίng on Academy Street be­ 1935. about securing the $150,000 necessary to longed to the royal family and was known build a Women's Hostel. However, con- as the palace of Prince George (later King Natalίa Vogeίkoff-Brogan , Archivist

4 Earthquake Ancient Shipbuilding co ιz ιin ιι edfro nι page 3 continued f rom prev ί ό u s page

tioπ four. Aπdn~ Sleeswyk grappled with the meaning of the 11ypozomata of the Greek galley by taki ng a πew approach, e xarniπ­ iπ g the well-documeπted ev ide πce fοΓ Geπoese galleys of the Middle Ages a πd extrapo l atiπg back iπ time. Jerome Hall made aπ interesti π g study ofthe l s t-ce πtu ry A.D. Κiππeret boat from the Sea of Gali­ lee. Citiπ g the π eed to periodically retrofit the huHs of the wooden so-caHed "Jesus boats" that ply the waters of the sea today with tourists, Hall was able to exp laiπ why the Κiππ e re t boat's hull is made up of so many kiπd s of wood. The iπ ev itable coπ­ clusioπ is that the hull we have is not the original. Ya'acov Kahaπov studied the sew­ ing system used ίπ the hull ofthe ship from Ma'agan Mikhael in Israel , dating to around 400 B.C., aπd fouπd s trikiπ g siΙnilarities with the sewing technology used in the PlaceJules Verne-7 aπd Cesar-1 hul\s frοιη Arc l1ίtect ural plan of the Maίn Sclωol bιιίldίng , rendered by A. D.F Haιn lίn ίn 1886. off the south coast of Fraπce . The hulls of these latter two wrecks are based directly Thanks to these plans, it is possible to ert Ware in most harmoπiou s liπe s aπd pro­ οπ a Phokaian s hipbuildiπg tradition, and exaιηine much ιηοι-e closely both the aι-chi­ ponioπs , and with the modest simplicity of they help us to place the Ma'agan Mikhael tect and the plans of the first School build­ d eco ratioπ fittin g in the pre se π ce of the wreck into its proper setting. Finally, Cemal ing. The design was the last in Ware's \ong uπ a pproachable moπum e πt s of the Acropo­ Pulak presented his research ίη recoπ s truct­ and successful career as a professional ar­ lis .... It coπtaiπs the library, the usual pl ace iπg the hull of the Broπz e Age Uluburuπ chi tect, teacher, and author. One of the best­ of assembly for the School, a beautiful, light shipwreck usiπg the scanty traces as wel\ as educated architects of hi s time, he had room about thirty feet squaι-e, and beπeath the weight distήbutioπ of the cargo, which formed a partneι- s hip with Henry Van Brunt thi s, a πumber of rooms for s tud e πt s .... amouπted to 14 toπs. in 1863, which las ted until 1881 . Ware and Independ e πt ofthe library wing is the main Α large number of papers explored ship Van Brunt undertook important comrnis­ buildiπg ... with a fine eπtraπce hal\ and facilities, artifacts, and represeπtatioπs. sions, such as the Memorial Hall at Harvard moπumeπtal staircase, the large drawing­ Christos Piteros reexarniπed a long-knowπ University, the First Church in Boston, the room .... Ιπ the effort to make this buildiπ g 3rd-ceπtury B.C. base iπ the form of a ship's Weld Hall at HarνaΓd University, aπd the a credit to American architecture, many prow at Epidauros. Faπouria Dakaroπia aπd

Unioπ Pa sse πgeι- Station at Worcester. ln well-knowπ American makers and de s igπ­ contίnu ed on page 18 additioπ to their successful careers, both ers took the most lively and liberal interest. ιηen had a l as tiπ g impact οπ their profes­ Thus, Messrs. J. Β . and J. Μ. Cornell pre­ sio π. Ware fouπded the first formal archi­ sented the ίrοπ staircase ... Messrs. Α . Η . tectural pω gι-am ίπ the Uπited States at the D ave npoι-t & Company a πd Messrs. Nor­ ΝΕΗ Helps School Massachu setts lπ s titute of Tec hπology cross Brothers, haπdsome mantelpieces for Recover After Earthquake (ΜΠ) , while Vaπ Bruπt organized the the library aπd the diη.ing room; the Belcher Am e ricaπ Iπ s titute of Architects aπd the Mosaic Glass Company and Mr. W. J. Mc­ Ιπ a heartfelt gesture of support for the Bo s toπ Society of Architects. Both were Pherson, decorative paπel s for the outer School, ΝΕΗ Chairrnaπ WiHiam Ferή s prolific architectural writers aπd took priπ ­ door, aπd a beautiful wiπdow for the approved aπ emergency graπt of cipal roles in the establishmeπt of the jour­ staircase .... " $30,000 to the School in the wake of the π al , AmerίcanArchίtect and Buίldίng News As a closing remark, it must be men­ September 9 earthquake. The graπt, to (hereafter ΑΑΒΝ). tioπed that Ware has beeπ the maiπ subject be matched oπe-for-oπe by πoπfederal The Me moι-i al HaH at Haι-vard UπiveΓ­ of two di ssertations, which provided most fuπds , has beeπ applied towards repairs sity was the firm 's first imponaπt comrnis­ of the iπformatioπ for thi s article. Most re­ of the 1886 Maiπ Buildiπg aπd 1915 sion. Ιπ 1865, Professor Charles Eliot cently, Κimberley Alexander-Shillaπd sub­ exteπsion housiπg part of the Blegeπ Nortoπ of Harvard College eπgaged Ware mitted a doctoral thesis, Ware and Van Library. The September earthquake aπd to design this buildiπg to commemorate Brunt: Archίtectural Pι-a ctίce and Profes­ aftershocks caused serious structural Harvard's Civil War dead. Sοιηe tweπty sionalization (1863-1881) [Ph.D. di ss., damage to both buildings, necessitating years late Γ , Norton iπvit ed Ware, who by Bo s toπ Univeι-sity , 1999], while ίπ his 1986 further exteπsive repairs expected to th e π had left his firm to go to Columbia, to di sse rtatioπ , Willίaιn Robert Waι ·e and the begiπ later this spήng. Total costs are es­ de s i gπ the Americaπ School. Ο π December B eg ίnnίngs of Arcl~ίtectu ral Educatίon ίn timated in the raπge of $650,000. 7, 1889, the ΑΑΒΝ records that " ... the tl1e Un ίted States, J. Α. Chewing ex amiπ ed buildiπg was de sig πed by Mr. William Rob- Ware's role as aπ educator.

5 Lab Fellow Explores Buried Landscape of Thera

Floyd W McCoy, Senίor Research Assocίate at the Wίener Lab ίn 1999-2000 and Professor o.f Geology and Oceanography at the U11 ί versίty of Ηα wαί ί , traveled to Greece thίs yeaι- to con tίnιι e l~ ίs work 011 the Late Bro11ze Age erup tίo11 011 Thera.

On a late spring/early summer day about and ash. What had been a single l aΓge is­ 3600 years ago, a volca110 exploded i11 the land was now three small er isla11ds . southern Aegean Sea. This was 1101 its first An eruptio11 of such magnitude - one eruption. Α previous cataclysmic eruption of the largest known, twice that of ΚΓakatau had occuπed about 18,000 years before, in 1883 - mιι s t have caused g.-eat havoc about the usual geological pace for these in the regio11 . Ash fell from the Nile Delta mega-eruptions, with qui eteΓ and smaller to the Black Sea with thickest acc uωula­ eruptions in the intervening peήods . U11like tions towards the east of almost a meter on pΓevio u s eruptions, however, the volca11o Rhodes and Kos (σ η Crete, acc uιηul a tion s now had a populated landscape with towns were only about 4-6 cm, not nearly e11ough and a city, country villas, poΓts , and agri­ to cause any daωage , but creating a gritty cultural fields. The populace probably did mess that only enriched soils, if we use not u11derstand that their home was a vol­ moden1 eruptions as a g ιιid e). WinteΙ" Ι"ai11s cano even though the manifestatio11s of vol­ quickly eroded most of the tephra off the canicity were eve ιΎwh ere - hot springs land a11d into the ocean. Tsu11ami , dozens and iron-stained rocks fωm the di scolored of theιη , radiated out i11 all directio11s (tsu­ spΓing water, frequent small earthquakes nami deposits and damage at archaeologi­ and landslides, lava tlows and tephra depos­ cal sites indicate waves of 10-12 m high i11 its from ancient enιption s , and more. But coastal areas; i11 the open ocean, tsu11ami then no eruption had occuπed h e Γe in their were 011ly a ιηeter or so high and would hi story so it see ιη s unlikely they woιιld have have go11e unnoticed). Rafts of pιιιηίce this knowledge. tloated throu g hoιιt the Aegean a11d easter11 Yet they had ample warning of the im­ Mediterranean Seas fοι· yea Ι"s , providing a pending disaster. Increased seismic activity nice so ιιrce of ιηaterial for tools and con­ Tyρίcal s tωtίg rαρ /ι. ί c sectίon of t eρlι. ra was 011e warni11g sign. Only a coιιple of struction mateΓ ial. cleρos ίte d dιιring th.e Laι e B ι-onze Age (LBA) generations before thί s a l a ι· ge earthquake eι-uρtίon οfτJιeι-α : Α basallayer ofριιηιί ce had done major damage to theiΓ city, so they (darkeι- gray textιιre d layeι- at body level) is ίη were ιι sed to earthquakes. Βιιt sonιethί11g in contact wίtlι tlιe LBA soil (at nιy feet). The This description is, of course, the LBA the present se i s ιηic activity was different s-econd layeι- (wίtlι s ~veeρίng b eclforιη. s, above eruption on Thera. The sto Γy above comes and threatening- and then came the erup­ nι.y lιeacl) ancllayers above tlιίs reρres e nι as lι from a decade of my geological and geo­ tion. The first outburst was sma11, a thin and ριιιnίce left by nasty ρy ro cla:stiι· surges physical research 011 the eruption a11d its dustin g of ash over the southern part of the andjlows c/uring ι/ι e ι nost exρlosίve ραrι of regional effects. Research 110w, while Ι am island, but enough to triggeΓ evacιιation. th.e e πφιίοη. he.-e as a Senior Research Associate in the Months intervened without further prob­ WieneΓ Laboratory, focuses 011 ωapping the l e ιη s. Some came back to clean the 6 cm of thunderstorιns spun out of the erιιption buήed la11dscape ofThera, its phy s io g Γaphy , ash that had accumulated i11 the city, to plume. Torre11ts of Γ ain now fe\1 , 111ίxed with soils, and pre-e ιυption geoιnorphology . replaster, and eνe11 to knock down damaged the loose tephra, and entiΓe slopes moved The LBA city mentioned above is being walls. Then came the major blast: huge as mudtlows a11d debris tlowed towards the excavated at modem Akrotiri. Additional earthquakes, a dense gas plume charged ocea11. These tlows weΙ"e full of rocks; the study is diΓected towaids ιι11deΓstanding the with pumice and ash rose as much as 36 km pumice quickly grbund to ash and washed inteΓactiol1 of volcanic phe11oωena in the into the stratosphere, waπη pumίce rained away, creating moving sheets compaΓable preservation a11d destruction of this city dow11 eveιΎwhere accumulating as rapidly to sandpaper that abraded the s ιιιiace and (and here Ι acknowledge the assistance and as 3 cιη/minute . τi1at tή gge red a quick evac­ in many areas, such as ονeΓ the buried city, cooperatio11 ofDr. Christos Douιηa s). Con­ uation of anyone remainί11g on the island . eroded down throιιgh buildi11gs. And then structiol1 of a new roof over the archaeologi­ The initial phase of the eruptio11 was thi s the.-e weΓe the volcanic bombs - huge cal site is uncoνel'il1g wonderful new expo­ thick accuΙηulation of punιice . Roofs col­ lithic boulders blasted out from the vent that sures as huge deep pits are dug for support lapsed fωm loading of pumice a11d build­ weΓe deeply buried upon iιηpact with the pillais. This study has particulal' iωportance ings weι·e buried up to theiΓ second and thίrd tephra. More destruction of buJ"ίed build­ to modern cultures for the u11derstanding of tlooΓs ; the entire Late Bronze Age (LBA) il1gs occurred. volcanic hazards and theiΙ" mitigation. Con­ landscape was ge11tly coveJ"ed. Then it got Over the 11ext few days, the shape of the s ideΓ Naples, Mexico City, Seattle, Tacoma, nasty. The entire centeι· of the island col­ island was completely cha11ged - the or eve11 FiΓa 0 11 TheΓa or my hometown of lapsed. Sea water entered the vent. Simply noΓtherl1 center of the island was either va­ Hilo, Hawaii. All are threate11ed uΓban cen­ stated: wateΓ and ιηagma do not mix; Γather, porized (this was the site of the vent) οι · had ters built 011 deposits from previoιι s erup­ they explode. The remainder of the eruptio11 collapsed to fornι a huge caldera 400 m tίol1 s that weΓe 1101 11 eaΓ l y as explosive as was characterized by sαeami n g surges and deep and tlooded by the ocea11; the coast­ the LBA Thera eruption. It is somethi11g to tlows of hot pyroclastic material sweeping lines were extended outwaι·d arou11d the thi11k about. And while Ι thi11k about it, I'm over the pumice layer. Any buildings pro­ periphery of the isla11d ; the s ιιιΎiνίηg land enjoyi11g Athens and the ASCSA. truding above thίs were decapitated. Yiolent was bu.-i ed in as much as 55 ιη of pumice '€>'€>'€> 6 Student Report Discovering Late Antique Judaism in Greece and Cyprus

The image of a seven-branched menorah The purpose of my project this yeaΓ at incised on a marbιe pιaque found near the the American Schooι is the compιetion of statue ofHadrian in the AgoΓa of Athens or my two-year investigation of the archaeo­ the mention ofa rabbi on an inscήbed syna­ ιogical and epigraphi c evidence ofthe Jew­ gogue colun1n from the seaside town of ish Diaspora in Greece and Cyprus duΓin g Lapethιιs reιnind ιιs of the vibrant Jewish the Roman and earιy Byzantine periods. In presence in Greece and Cyprus in ancient ι 996, when Ι first embarked upon my re­ times. That significant Jewish coιnm uniti es search as the Schooι 's Samueι Η. Kι- ess existed in these ιands duι-ing Late Antiquity Joint Ath e n s -Jerusaιem Fellow, Ι concen­ is evidenced by the arch aeo ι og i calιηate ri­ trated on the evidence from th e mainιand als, in scriptions, and acωaι synagogues and the i s ι a nd s. Last year, Ι continued my un earthed there in the ιa st century. In ι 9 ι 2, pωject work in Nicosia at the Cypωs Α Creek in sc ripιion , probably fro ιn an for exam pιe , Andre Pιassart of the Eco ιe American Archaeoιogical Resea ι-ch Insti­ ancienι synagogu.e in Corintlι. Franςaise d' Athenes di scovered one of the tute, where funding by the National Endow­ ea rιi est synagogues in the Mediteπanean ιηent for the Humanities enabιed me to ex­ and Haιnmath Tiberias), which often depict ι-e g ion: the sacred buiιdin g was uncovered a ιnine further Jewish archaeoιogicaι and a rich Γepertoire of Jewish sy mboι s, bibli­ at the northeast corner of the Cycιadic is­ epigraphic evidence on this eastern Medi­ cal scenes, and the zodiac cycιe, the fouΓth­ ιand of Deιo s. Typically designated as teιτanean i s ιand . centιιιγ A.D. exam pιe at Aegina consists of proseιιc/1eί ("prayeι· houses") in ep igΓaphic The examination of actuaι synagogues simpιe geometric patterns. (τod ay, the and literary sources, ear ι y Dia s poΓa syna­ has pιayed an iιηporta nt ωιe in my research. synagogue mosaic is ιocated on the grounds gogues, such as the Deιo s s tωctιιre, were ln ι 829, a synagogue mosaic was exposed ofthe ιocal archaeoιogicaι museum.) Β e ιιe often co nveΓted from private dweιιings. not far from the mod e Γn harboΓ of Aegina. Ancient writers, too, such as the first-cen­ Two Greek dedicatory inscriptions rendered Mazur furtheΓ excavated the buiιding in 1932 to examine its basiι ica ι ground pιan . tury Judaean hi storian, Josephus, and the on th e buiιding 's mosaic pavement mention In most cases, however, the onιy suΓv iv­ Alexandrian, Phiιo , fuι-ther allude to the the names of the donors, one being Theo­ numerous Jewish comrnunities in Greece, doros, an archon of the synagogue. In con­ ing evidence of a synagogue at any given site tends to be an arclιitectuΓal feature (e.g., the Aegean i s ιand s, and Cypωs (see, for trast to the ancient synagogue mosaics exampιe , Ρlιiιο , Eιnbassy to Gaίus, 281-82). found in I s r ae ι (e.g., Sepphoήs, Beth AJpha, c οηιίηιιed ση ρage 15

Challenge Grant Library Opens After Renovations Completed

With the receipt of a $50,000 grant fωm the Saιηιιeι Η . KΓess Foundation, the Gennadius LibraΓy of the An1eήcan School of ClassicaJ Studies bωu g ht to a success­ fuι cιose its campaign to match the $625,000 Challenge Grant from the ΝΕΗ , raising the four-to-one match of $2.5 miι­ lion six ιηonth s ahead of scheduι e. Aιmost haιf the totaι came from fίΓst-time donors in GΓeece , ωatched by donors in the United States. The funds are being used for reno­ vations, ωodernization , and endowment of the LibΓary. Phase Ι of the Γenovations was coιηpιeted in Noveωber and ceJebrated in a ceremony attended by the President of the Photo, left: Haris Kalligas, Director o.f the Repubιic of GΓeece, Constantine Stephan­ Gennadius Library (at lejt) and Daphne opouιos, who praised the winning collabo­ Simitίs, wife of the Prime Minister of ration between private and pubιic funders, Greece. Photo, right: The President of and Greeks and Aωeιican s . Thanks to the Greece, Constantine Stephanopoulos, ωom e ntuω generated by the ChaJienge I who .ψoke at the November ceremony Grant, t.he LibraΓy has just raised an addi­ celebrating the completion of Phase I of tion a ι $2.8 ιηillion to further expand the the Geιιnadius Library renovations. L- Gennadius Library, adding a new wing with lectuΓe hall and additional stack space.

7 Student Report: Greek Kilns contίnued fωιn page 1 makers πear Oly!Ίlpia still using a wood­ burπiπg kilπ . Most imp oΓtaπt , Ι cherish some special reach the Helleπistic aπd Roman periods, human momeπts duήπg the trips. At oppo­ wheπ the introductioπ ofbrick e πabled pot­ site e πd s of the Aegeaπ , Herakleioπ οπ ters to build wider supportiπ g systems Crete aπd Thasos ίπ πorthem Greece, Ι met (mainly arches) for the perforated floor of two families of potters related to each other. the kilns. They had left Sip hπ os, aπ islaπd famous iπ Κi l π d es i g π , like most other elements of moderπ times for its glazed polychrome ceramic techπology , uπderw eπ t c haπ ges pottery, but they co πtiπu e this ceramic tra­ very reluctaπtly . Α successful firiπg de­ ditioπ iπ their π ew homes. Besides the eπ ­ pe πd s οπ well-choseπ clay a πd the potter's thusiasm for their craft, they both have familiarity with the ki l π ( dura tioπ of pre­ plaπ s for its e πdan gered future: Mr. Giorgos firing, temperature, coo l iπ g - dowπ period). Chrysogelos's widow ίπ Herakleioπ hopes Suddeπ a πd drastic chaπges iπ the de s igπ to build a mu seum to host the uπiqu e of the ki l π could, therefore, result ίπ the loss ceramics of her late hu s baπd , a πd Mr. Potte ι y kiln on α votive clay plaquefrom of maπy weeks of work. οπ plaπ s Penteskoufia ( Berlin, Staat l iclι e Museen, Kostas Chrysogelos Thasos to The study of a kilπ allows pre limiπaΓy F 802) teach pottery to the yo uπ ger ge πera tioπ of s uppositioπ s to be made about the products his i s l aπd and would like to build a tradi­ fired withiπ it and its capacity. It might seem tioπal kilπ with the help of the Americaπ π aive to ask what is fired iπ a ceramic kilπ , ber) to roof the South Stoa at Coriπth, οπe School s tude πt s! but vessels, teπa-co ttas, aπd roof ti les are of the largest stoas iπ the Greek world. Ο π Fiπally, my ι ·esearc h owes much to my ποt the oπly products of a ki l π. The list the basis of ethπographic parallels thi s kilπ academic fami ly at the School who always should iπclud e bathtubs, wateΓ pipes, well would require approximately 4-6 tons of πoted dowπ a Γefere πce or spared a shot ίπ druιηs , terra-cotta sarcophagi, aπd votive wood as fuel fo r each firiπ g . Such small theiΓ fi lm for οπe more kilπ wheπ Ι could ba s iπ s (perirrhanteria). pieces of iπformation caπ lead us to recoπ­ ποt be there. Regardiπ g their capacity, a workshop of sider our ge πera l πotioπ s about a πcieπt iπ­ Greece, both moderπ aπd aπcient , sti ll four to six people u s iπg the Classical East dustry aπd ecoπomy . hides maπ y exc itiπg secrets, a πd th eAmeή ­ Κilπ at the Tile Works at Coriπth , measur­ Duriπg my two years at the Americaπ ca π School's program has the best me a π s iπg about 6 m χ 5 m (uncommoπly large for School, Ι was able to explore many aspects with which to reveal them, eve π to a Greek. its period), would πeed οπe moπth to pro­ of kilns that caππot be learπed from books duce and fire the roof of a treasury build­ aloπe: for example, the impo s iπg size of the Elenί Hasakί (Unίversίty ofCincίnna tί) iπg , six moπth s for the roof tiles of a Μίποaπ kilπ at Ayia Triadha on Crete, Virgίnίa Grace Fellow ( 1998-1999) hexastyle Doήc temple, and four years (dur­ which πο plaπ coπveys adequately, or the and Homer Α . and Dorothy Β . iπ g the dry moπth s from April to Septem- useful di sc u ss ioπ s with οπe of the last brick- Tho ιnpson Fellow ( 1999-2000)

July Celebration of Crete 2000 Takes Shape

The eveπts celebrating οπe hundred Bagge (the artist employed by Haπiet Boyd Americaπ scholars οπ Crete. Ιπ addi­ years of Americaπ archaeology in East Hawes) of pottery from Gournia, Pseira, tioπ to the sites iπ easterπ Crete, sites Crete will opeπ July 10 with a two-day and Moch1os (courtesy of Temple Uπiver­ such as Kommos, Taπha , aπd Phala­ coπfereπce. The papers will pull together sity). We will also have on exhibit πew color sama will be included, aloπg with the evideπce from earlier aπd recent excava­ photographs (taken in 1999 in the Hera­ survey work done by American schol­ tioπs, offeriπg πew interpretatioπs ofthe kleioπ Museum) of ,ηaπy of the major fiπds ars iπ westerπ Crete. This volume will archaeology, history, aπd culture of excavated before 1914. also feature short descriptioπs of every Minoaπ aπd Post-Minoan Crete. The Accompanyiπg the exhibition is aπ al­ site aloπg with a fairly complete pub­ coπfereπce will be accompanied by an bum of archaeological and historical pho­ licatioπ bibliography. The album is exhibitioπ iπ the Geππadius Library of tographs from all the sites excavated by designed to provide a coπcise accouπt archival materials aπd modern photo­ (text, photos, and plans) of all Ameri­ graphs, including letters to aπd from caπ archaeological research οπ Crete, Harriet Boyd Hawes, Edith Hall, and arraπged geographically from east Richard Seager drawπ from the archives (Zakros) to west (PhaJasama). of the School and those of the Univer­ After the coπfereπce inAtheπs those sity of Pennsylvania Museum of Archae­ who have sigπed up for the excursion ology aπd Aπthropology aπd Smith will depart for a three-day trip to sites College, as well as early excavatioπ pho­ iπ Easterπ Crete. tographs, mainly from the Uπiversity of For the most up-to-date Crete 2000 Pennsylvaπia Museum. Also on display schedule of eveπts and listiπg of lec­ will be some of the origina], uπpub­ tures, consult the School's website at: lished, watercolor drawiπgs by Halvor 2000 www.ascsa.edu.gr.

8 aτc haeologi sts returned to East Crete in In Celebration: Harriet Boyd numbers, reopeniι:ιg excavations at Moch­ co ntiιιued froιn page 2 los, Pseira, Vrokastro, and the Vronda and Kastro sites at Kavousi and carrying out Episkopi. Within four days of receiving surveys in the regions ofVrokastro, Kavousi, permission, on May 14, 1900, work began Goumia, and the Messara, following in the at Kavousi , and An1erican aΓchaeo l ogy on footsteps ofBoyd, Hall, Seager, and all the Cι·ete was underway. other American scholars working with them woΓk­ Employing from ten to forty-eight in thefloruίt of east Cretan archaeology just men, Boyd wo Γked at Kavousi foΓj u s t over before World War Ι. Keynote speaker at the a month. She Γe-excavated a tholos tomb at July conference will be Pωfesso Γ Geraldine a pl ace she caJied "Rusty Ridge," discovered Gesell of the University of Tennessee, eight more small tholos toιηbs on "Thun­ whose decision to return to Boyd's first site der Hill ," c l eaΓed a building of some thir­ at Kavousi sparked a movement that has in­ teen rooms on the "Citadel" of Kavousi, creased in intensity in the past twenty years. some 2100 feet above sea level, and ex­ plored an Early Iron Age settl ement on the hill of Azoria. Reporting on thi s work at the Blegen Library News Aπhaeological Institute of America meet­ ings in December 1900, she aroused great in­ terest and secuΓed funding fοΓ future seasons In NovembeΓ , the Library took in hand from wealthy benefactors in Philadelphia. the electronic catalogue records for non­ This first excavation permit for Harriet Greek books in the Blegen Library, French Boyd was in her name "as ΓepΓese ntative of School, and Nordic Institute, as pat't of the AmeΓican the School of Archaeology at Harriet Β σy(/ Hawes sσrting t/7. rσug !Ί. sh.ards ARGOS Project. New terminals have been Athens to excavate in the name of the at H e rakl eίσ n , 1902. Ph. σtσg ι ·ap l1α u. nknσ wn. insta11ed in several diffeΓe nt parts of the CΓetan government." CΓete at thi s time was LibΓary in order to access thi s data and otheΓ not part of the Κin g dom of Greece but, af­ electronic re so ιιrce s. ter years of bloody struggle against TuΓk­ almost entirely to her own effo ιt s, thi s pub­ "€>-€>-€> ish ΓUle , had just been given p a Γtial au­ lication appeaΓed in 1908. Entitled Gour­ While a reader s uΓvey in the fall revealed tonomy. Prince George Π of Greece had nίa, Vasilίkί and Other Pre hίstorίc Sites ση general satisfaction with the Library, its been sent out to Crete as "Prince High Com­ t/7e lsthmιιs of Hίaape tra , Crete and pub­ collection, and its staff, information bulle­ mi ss ioneΓ" in December of 1899. FoΓeign li shed in Philadelphia by the AmeΓican tins have been posted throughoιιt the Li­ sc holaΓs - French, German, British, Ital­ Exploration Society and the Free Museum brary to keep people fully informed of vari­ ian - rushed to apply for permission to ex­ of Science and Art (Jater to become the ous facilities and privileges. cavate on CΓete. Only the Americans Univeι·sity Museιιm at the University of -t>-t>-t> showed no inteΓest in developing a major Pennsyl vania), this Γemain s one of the most excavation project theΓe, except Boyd. remarkable publications in the hi s toΓy of The position of Assistant Librarian for After Kavousi, Boyd moved on to exca­ Minoan arciΊaeolo gy. It represents the first Book Con se Γνation and Electronic Re­ vate the Late Minoan town of Gournia in published final excavation report in the his­ sources was approved by the Trustees and 1901 , 1903, and 1904,joined by Edith Hall tory of Cretan archaeology. Not only did it Managing Committee in the bιιdge t for and RichaΓd Seager, students at the School. come fiΓst, but it also set a standard seldom 1999- 2000, in recognition of the excellent After 1905, when Haniet Boyd t'etired from equaled by subsequent work in the field. work performed by Phyllis Graham. On fieldwork following heΓ maniage to Charles Haniet Boyd Hawes and her colleagues leave until June 2000, Phyllis is gatheιing Η. Hawes, Professor of Anthropology at dealt not only with standard topics such as information for us on νaΓious library mat­ Dartmouth College, HaJI and Seager con­ aτc hitecture and decorated fine wares; they ters while in America, and is taking several tinued to carι-y out their own excavations on also considered balance weights and stone special seminars. In her absence, Liz Ward CΓete. In 1910, they both excavated at the and clay tools. The volume inclιιde s discus­ Papageorgiou and Audrey Jawando have EaΓiy Minoan cemetet'y of Sphoungaras, sions ofhousehold and domestic objects, as graciously volunteered to assist with book Jocated between Gournia and the noΓth well as cult objects and Minoan Γeligion. ιηending, and Gretchen Millis has been coast, and at Vωka s tro , a mountainous There is even a di scussion of the "Spring hiΓed to help in the Library. settlement with Γ e main s from the Middle Flora of the Kavousi Region," including a -t>-t>-t> and Late Minoan periods, bιιt also of spe­ li st of botanical specimens collected by More caπel s have been installed in the cial impoΓtance fοΓ the transition from the Jean Patten, her good friend who was also Davis Wing to alleviate crowding. Το rem­ BωnzeAge to the Iron Age. Seager, on his a botanist trained at the Polytechnicιιm in edy the resultant loss of space for books, own behalf, conducted extren1ely impoιtant DΓesden. It is a great pity that HarΓied Boyd lockers have been placed beside canels so excavations at Mochlos, Vasiliki, Pseira, Hawes did not go back into the field, to dig that the shelves behind desks can be used and Priniatikos Py!'gos. other sites and to publish other final reports. for library books. Although H aπiet Boyd Hawes never She did, however, together with her hus­ !'etnrned to the fi eld, dep!'iνin g American band, publish a short, populaτ book, Crete, aΓchaeology of one of its most gifted exca­ tl7e Forerιιnner ofGreece, with a pΓeface by The Blegen Library Ad Hoc Committee vators, she did continue to be ex tΓem e ly AΓthuΓ Evans, in a then-popular series for 1999-2000 consists of Olga Palagia, active and involved in many other activities. called the ' Ή arper ' s Libraτy of Living Jere Wickens, Deborah Brown, and Gretchen Most impoΓtant was her woΓk on the publi­ Thoιι g ht. " Millis, all ofwhom are waτmly tl1 anked for cation of her excavations at Goιιrnia. Due Beginning in the late 1970s, AmeΓican their advice and help throughout the year.

9 In November, the Boards of both the School and the Gennadius Library met in New York fόr their annual meetings, fol­ Jowed by dinner at the Century Association. After dinner, Alan L. Boegehold , Profes­ sor of Classics at Brown U ruversity, ASCSA and Gennadeion Trustee, and former Chair of the Managing Committee, spoke on "Body Talk in Greece, Yesterday and To­ day." Hi s book, When α Gesture Was Ex­ pected: Α Selectίon oj" Exanφles j"rom ΑΓ­ c/ιαίc and Class ί ca l Greek Lίtaature, has recentl y been published by Princeton Uni­ versity Press. Al so at the dinneΓ , Trustee James Η. Ottaway, Jr., who has served the past three years as Chairman of the Board, was presented with an antique print by C. Hullmandel, Do Γi c Buίlding at ThoΓίcos, the site ofthe School's fust excavation . The Aιfa ll garden parιy for ιh e new 111 e nιb e rs. Left to rig lι t: Regu.lar Memba Elina Faro, Lucy print came from Homer and Dorothy Βuιτ Slιo e Ma itt Fellow Nora Diιrιitrova , Audrey Jawando (νvife of R eg ιιlar M e nιbe ι · Donalcl Thompson's coll ection. Conolly), and Janιes Rigna/1 Wh.eeler Fellow Elί zab e th Rί ch. ey.

Just before Christmas, Alice Paterakis, Conservator of the Agora Excavati ons, pre­ sented a lecture at the In s tiωte ofFineArts, New York University, jointly sponsored by the Con se ιΎa tion Center of the Institute of Fine Arts and the Foundation for HeLieni c Culture. The talk, entitled "Conservatio n in the AncientAgora in Athens by the Ameri­ can School of Classical Studies," drew a large crowd, many of whom went on to question Ms. Paterakis concerning the con­ servation of the Parthenon ma.rbl es at the British Mu se uιη , subject of a well-publi­ Photo, left: Hono ra ιy patronfor ι/ι e Lear exhibition, Greek Ambas .~ado r Alexander Philon (ση left), Mu se uιη w itlι Gennαde i on Trustee Edn1uncl Keeley αt the October Gennaclius Libι-a ιy benefit concertl dinna cized debate at a symposium in the ίη Pι·inceton . Ph.oto, right: Αι ιh e Eιnb assy ofGreece ίn Wαslιing to n , D.C. in February, School early in December. Trustee αnd G e nnαde ion B oaι·d C/ιαi Γmαη Lloyd Ε. Cotsen αnd Gennadeion TΓu s t ee Helen Plιilon α ι α dinna lιosιed by AnιbassαdoΓ αnd Μ ΓS. Plιίlon in ΙιοηοΓ of Μ r. αnd Μ ΓS. Cotsen.

lrina Motaescu. and Βι·iα n Cogle αι α Αι the School's Thαnksg i v i ng dinneι; pαΓt of tlι e ΑgοΓα staff. Leji ιο righι: BΓuce Hαrtz l e ι ; Sylvie Γecepιionfo r Sιιmmer Session 11 pαrticipαnts Dιιηιοηt, Ago rα Director John Caιnp , Annie Hooton, Crαig Mαu zy, αnd Pαtricia Fe l c/ι. in t/ι e Sclιool's gaΓden in August.

10 r; ~ · ~ ~ On Fe bι · uary 23, (left to ι-ί g /ιt) Pι·es ide nt ofth.e Ρ/ιίlο ί of t/ι e ~ ς, G e n.nadίu s Lib ι-a ry, Ιοα ηηα Phoca, ancl Siι- Michael Lle ~ve l lyn ___ _ ο: Sm. itlι, who presentecl "Gladstone and Greece" for ιh e Αηηιι α l G e nnadίu s Lec tuι ·e, ancl Mrs. Llewellyn Smit lι. R e tire ιn e nt party fοι- Υίαηnί ~· Alexakis, who l10s wo ι-ked at tlι e ASCSA in ι nai n te nance s ίn ce 1987. Left to r ί g f1t.· Jaιn es D. Mul1ly, Dίι-ec toι · of t lι e Sclωol , Pant e l ίs Panos, General Managa of t/ι. e Sclωo l, ancl Yίann i s Alexa kίs .

Left to rίg lιt: Kevin Cl ίnton. (Coι-n. e ll Un. ί ve rsity), Ca ι-ol Lawton ( Wiιite heacl At October op e nίng ofthe Leaι · Εχ/ι ίbίtίοη at Th.e Αι-ι Mι ι se uιn, Vis ί tin.g P rofesso ι ; 1999- 2000, Lawι·e nce Unίve rs ί ty) , ancl Jae Wίckens Pι-ίn ce t on Un i ve rsί ty, Si ι · Jo lιn Πωηιs οη , hιιsbancl ofnewly elected (Lawrence Un ί ve rs ί ty) , at School's s ι ι nυn e r garden party. ASCSA Tι· u s tee, Jι ι dί t h Ogclen Th. o ι nson , and Cat/ιaίne cleG. Vande φool, ASCSA Exec utί ve Vice Pres ίclen t and Pι·es ίdent of the Ge nnaclί ι ι ~· Lib raιy.

After 29 years at the School, loanna Dήva retired in July as Comptroller of the School. At their May meeting, the Manag­ ing Coιnmίttee praised her for r; being an "unfailing resource in ~ the administration of the ·~ School. .. keeping accounts, re­ ~ ceiving and disbursing drach­ ~ mas, good counsel , and good 0: cheer.. . we thank her now and wi sh her a long and blissful and productίv e retίreme nt." ln JuJy, School me ιnbers in Ath­ R ί c/10 rd Rosolino, A cco ιιnts Managa at the Prίnce ton. o.ffice, σ η α visit ιο ens honored her with a party, which could only begin to the Sc/10ol ί η Seρte ι nba with (left to rig hι ) Maria Pilali (Adnι ίni s trat o r) , show the deep affection everyone feels for her and the pro­ Valίa Kapetanaki (Adιninis trati ve Sec re ta ι y) , Νία ηι/ι Mich. alop o u.lo ιι found gratitude for a job well done and for her many acts ( Bursaι"), and Dίηι ί tι-α Βα kο dίη ι α (Accoun.tan.t). of kindness and fri endship.

11 New 'frustees, Officers Named and in Paή s (1956-J 959, 1974- 1976), Brus­ tended to the Aegean, and later emb Γaced cσιι ι ίιιιι edfrο ιη page 2 sels (1960- 1964 ) and Hong Kong ( 1980). aJI of Greece. She.and her husband , retired Mr. Newburg is a member of the Lon­ businessman Theodore Samourkas, divide Greece, where she attended hi gh school as don Court of International ArbitΓa ti o n and their time between New Yo rk and Athens. well as the University of Athens, and in active as an international arbitrator. He has They oversee a family fo undati on, which Bonn. She has received Μ.Α. degrees in po­ been a Tωstee of the AmeΓican School of has assisted a number of cultural organiza­ litical science and law, and cuπently works Classical Studies atAthens since 1965, and tions and community charities both in as an attorney and legal advisor to the was recently elected Trustee Eιne rίtus . He Greece and the U.S. Mandilas Gωup of Companies, where she is a member of the CounciJ on FoΓeign is also a Directo ιΌ Along with other farlli ly Relations and ofChatham House, c h ai rιη an members, she is a shareholder of Kosmocar of the development co mιηittee of ιhe Davis S.A. , and Kaι- e nta S.A., sole importers of Center for Russian Studies at Harvard Uni­ Lear Watercolors Vo lkswagen and Audi in Greece. The versity, a director and former c h aiΓm a n of Go On Exhibition Mandilas Group of Companies is also still the American Association for the Interna­ very active in Nigeria, where it continues tional Commission of JuΓists , a diΓector of From October 1 to January 2, the ex­ in the automobile business among other Small Enterprise Assistance Funds, Inc., a hibition 'Έdward Lear's Greece: Water­ e nteφΓises. Ms. Mandilas also has an active former member of the Fulbright Coilllηis­ colors from the Gennadius Librmγ, Ath­ interest in the arts and holds an amateur sion in Belgium, and a former director of ens" was on view at The Art Museum, prize in poetry. In addition, jew e !Jγ of her the Belgian-Ameri can Educational Founda­ Pήnceton University. Coιηprising thirty­ design, inspired by the Archanes Excava­ tion. He is an officer of the Order of Leo­ fιve watercolors painted by Lear during tions in CΓete, is now sold in the Museum pold 11 (Belgium), and a m e mb eΓ of the his travels in Greece between 1848 and of Cycladic Art in Athens. Century Association (New York), the Polo 1864, the works are part of a collection Α partner in the New York City law firm ( PaΓi s) , and Brook's (London). of some 200 Lear watercolors in the of Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam & Roberts, Α scholar of lslamic art, Mrs. Philon is Gennadius Library. The exhibitjon was the Honorable Ε. Leo Milonas initially prac­ the wife of Ambassador AJexander Philon, timed to coincide with the twentieth an­ ticed law in New York City before going on Greece's highest ranking foι-ei g n service niversary celebration in Noveιηber of to serve as a criminal court judge in Bronx officer and currently AmbassadoΓ to Wash­ the Progranι in Hellenic Studies and the and New York Counties. By 1979, he be­ ington. She studied art hi story at the Uni­ Mode.rn Greek Studies Association came Supreme Court Justice in New York versity ofZurich and Islarnic art at the School Thirtieth Anniversary Symposium. It State and later, Associate J ustice, Appellate of Oή enta l and African Studies, University was organized by the Gennadius Library Division, Supreιηe Court, First Judicial of London. In I 977, she established the in collaboration with the Program in Depa1tment, and from 1993 to 1995 was Department of I s laiηic Art at the Benaki Hellenic Studies and The Art Museum, Chief Administrative Judge, New York Museum in Athens and was Curator of that Princeton University, with additional State, overseeing the operations of the New department until 1989, when she left Ath­ support fωm the Department of York State court system. Α member of ιh e ens to accompany her husband to his post Classics and the Department of Art and BaroftheCity ofNewYork, Judge Milonas as Ambassador to India. She has taught and Archaeology. is active in continuing legal education. He lectured widely on her areas of expertise, During the first three days of Octo­ chairs a mediation comm.ittee for the appel­ written articles for periodicals, and pub­ ber, guest curator for the exhibition, late division, is a membeι- of the ADR State li shed ls laιnί c Ceramίcs at the Benakί Mu ­ Fani-Maria Tsigakou, curator of prints Advisory Committee, co-chaiι-s the Com­ seum (London, 1981 ), which accompanied and drawings at the Benaki Museum, mercial Courts Task Force, and serves on the a gω undbreakin g exhibition at the Benaki lectured at the Program in Hellenic Govemor's Committee for Judicial Screen­ Museum. Her cuιτent field of study lies in Studies and twice presented a gallery ing for candidates to the Appellate Division. fourteenth-centuι-y arts of Centra] India. talk entitled, 'Έdward Lear: τraveler­ OtheΓ cuπent activities include Judges and Mrs. Ph.iJon has traveled extensively Artist, Artist-Traveler." Fήends of The LawyeΓ s Breast Cancer Alert, New Υοι-k throughout Euωpe, North Africa, and Asia, Art Museum held an opening reception, Urban League, and New York State Bar As­ and maintains an active schedule in Wash­ October 9 at the gallery and at the end sociation. J udge Milonas has received many ington, D.C., assisting heΓ husband with of Octobe.r, supporters of the Library awards from state and regional legal associa­ social and diplomatic duties at the Embassy gathered at Drumthwacket, the official tions for hi s di stingui shed service. of Greece. residence of the Governor of New Jer­ Andre Newburg is Counsel in the Lon­ Α well-known collector of early maps, sey, for a benefιt dinner, including a pre­ don office of the inteωationall aw firm of Mrs. Saιηourka s has organized a numbeΓ of dinner concert by classical guitarist, Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton. He exhibitions, including, most recently, "The Antigoni Goni. HonoraJΎ patrons for the served as General Counsel and member of Aegean Archipelago and Cyprus: PΓinted exhibition and the dinner event were the Executive Coιηrllittee of the European Maps 1485- I 800 from the Zacharakis and Greek Ambassador to the United States Bank for Reconstruction and Development Samourkas Collections," on display at the and Mrs. Alexander Philon. from its foΓmation in 1991 until August 1, Zappeion Exhibition Hall in Athens in After closing in Princeton, the exhi­ 1995, and as Senior Adviser until Februaιγ 1998. In addition to her ιη aρ coll ection, bition went to the Arthur Ross Gallery, 1, 1997. Mrs. Samourkas has a private collection of University ofPennsylvania, from March Α graduate of Harvard College and books that exemplify the kinds of publica­ 3 to April 23. In the Jate spήng, it trav­ Harvard Law School, in 1946- 1948 he tions in which many ofthe maps were origi­ eled to the Foundation for Hellenic Cul­ served with U.S. Military lntelligence in nally published, including books on geog­ ture, New York City, where it is on dis­ Vi enna. Fωm 1952 until 1991 he was an raphy, travel, and the islands oftheAegean. play from May 25 to Septenιbeι· 3. associate and then paΓtn e r of Cleary, Oιi ginally from Santorini, Mrs. Samourkas's Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton in New York coll ecting began with the Cyclades, ex-

12 1999 Agora Excavations Explore Byzantine, Kress Intern Gains Classical, and Mycenaean Levels Expeήence at Agora

The 1999 excava tίon season αt the Ath enίan A go rα bro ιι. g l1 t to tl1e trenches α total of 53 111 the sixth ye aι- of inteω s hi p s s uppo ι1ed volunteers, s up e rvί s ors, αnd permanent staff, durίng two of the hottest mont/1s on record. by the Samuel Η . Κress Fo u11 dati on, inter11 Jn an t ί c ίpatίon of α de taίl ed final report, John ΜcΚ. Camp 11, Excava tίon Dίrecto r, Bethann Barresi Γece i ved hands-011 trai 11ing s ummαrίzes th.e αc tί v ίtί es ίη thίs pα s t yeα r's canψa ίgn . in a wide ra11 ge of co11 servation tech11iques d ιι Γil1 g her two mo11ths i11 the Con seΓ ν atiol1 Most of the wo ι- k tlii s season was con­ i11 a Classical or Hell e11i sti c pι·iva te house Laboratory of the Agora Excavatio11 s. ce n tι-ated in the upper levels in the north­ of simil ar size. Also characteri sti c is the ern half of Secti on ΒΖ , under the supervi­ density of CO I1 Structi o l1 : the houses are sion ofLaura Gawlinski , Mark Alonge, and closely crowded together, eνe 11 shari11 g Anne McCabe. The Byzantine levels fi rst p aΓty walls. After two ce11turies of aba11do 11 - uncovered last season weι-e more fully ex­ ment, our aΓea became thickly i11h abited, plored this year, with good results. Long the neighborhood growi11 g up i11 a relatively stretches of relati vely w e ll-preseιΎe d street short tίιη e . wall s were found on both sides of the nar­ Welcome evidence for the c hω n o l ogy of row (2.60 ιη ) north-south street that Γun s the buildi11gs was e 11 co u11te Γed i11 the fo Γm through the secti on, and the plans of the of a small h oaι-d of21 copper coi11 s i11 good houses behind began to e m e Γge. Parts of condition. They show the bust of Christ on thι-ee houses were uncovered - the two one side a11d th e four-li11e inscriptio 11 "Jesus eastern ones joining with rooms excavated Christ king of ki11gs" 0 11 the reverse. They in 1991/1992-along with aπ alleyway run­ aι-e part of a class (Α) of"a11 o11 ymous folles" Betl!ann Baπe si ning east-west at the north end of the secti on. mi11ted betwee11 970 and 1059 A. D., anol1 y­ U11der the supervi sion of chi ef Col1 ser­ Two Roman carved gemstones - one ιη o u s because they r e pΓeSe l1t a relati vely vator Alice Paterakis, Ms. B aπ esi was as­ depicting Athena, the other Fortuna-were short peri od whe 11 11 either the e mpeωr 11 or sigl1ed the treatment of glazed cerami cs recovered from the upper levels of the a1- hi s 11aιη e appears 0 11 the coi11 s. This hoard ley. The house wall s are of rubble set in co11 fi rms what we have learned from the with pai11ted surface. Perhaps o 11 e of the most challenging tasks she faced this past eaι-th , incorporating a considerable number wells of the adjace11t houses to the east, that summer was the tι- eatm e 11t of a r aΓe white of l aι-ge squared blocks c l ea ι-l y borrowed a major phase of c o11 s tιυ c tio11 a11d habita­ from some earlier structures. One reused ti o l1 in the area should be dated to the 11th glazed voti ve shield fou11d i11 thi s past seaso11 's excavatio11 s. It required great caΓe piece was the upper paι1 of a m aι- bl e h e ι-m , century A.D. It becomes a questi o 11 whether to determine the location and ide11tity ofthe inscribed with an invocation to Good For­ the cωwd ed houses, pιΌ vi s i o n s for storage, ori gi11 al pai11ted decorati o 11 and, as a co11- tune. The number of built pithoi or subter­ and the bury i11 g of a hoard are a1l Γ e l a t ed , seque11ce, it was difficult to clean w hile ranean storage bins in these houses is s tι-ik­ a11d what they may have to tell us about the prese rνi11 g the pigme11ted areas. First, she ing. Several more were added to the number eco11 omi c οΓ political situation ί11 Athens at found last season, and multiple examples the begi1111ing of the mille1111ium . clea11 ed the shield with mechanical clean­ ing methods using the stereomi croscope. aι-e now kn own for many rοοιη s . These can In the lowe Γ aι-ea, Sectio11 ΒΕ , excava­ Following soil ι- em ov al , she exami11 ed the be seen as a Γeg ulaι- feature of these houses, ti ons were continued und e Γ the supervision glazed surface u11der ultraviolet (UV) light and they represent impressive s toΓ age ca­ of David Scahill . In the Classical shop fοΓ the determi11 atio11 of pi g ιη e 11t s from pacity, far more tha11 usually e11 C0 u11 tered co n tinιι ed ο rι ρa ge 14 O Γi g in a l pai11ted decorati o 11 . Seνe Γ a l areas fluoresced under UV li ght ί11di ca ti11 g those aι-eas requiri11g minimal i11tervention, whi ch were mapped 0 11 a sheet of melinex. Clean­ ing was then co ιηpl e t e d , foll owed by pa ι-­ ti al reconstructi on by adhe ri11 g adj oini11 g sherds with an acrylic resin adhesive. Af­ ter co11 sultatio11 with Joh11 Μ c Κ. Camp ΙΙ , Director of the Agora Excavati o 11 s, and Ms. Paterakis, it was decided 11 0t to restore the vessel. Instead, the fragme11ts were laid out i11 their ori g i11 al position a11d the object was draw11 a11d photographed. Ms. Baιτes i also worked 0 11 other ceram­ ics, i11 cluding a bl ack glazed bowl, which required cleani11 g a11d the retrieval and re­ tention of associated soil for futuΓe study; sherds with pai11ted deco Γat io l1 , which re­ quired mechani cal c1ea11i11 g a11d col1 solida­ ti on with an acryli c resi11 solution; a black glazed cup, which was clea11 ed, desali nated,

Excavation of ι ι n l i n ed well-shaft clιιring tl!e 1999 season at tl1 e Α gο ι-α . corιtί nued ση ρ age 14

13 Agora cοηιίιι.ιιed frοιιι page Ι 3 building another pyre was discovered and excavated, the seventh from the building thus far, the largest concentration of these enigmatic deposits known fron1 the Agora. The usual assemblage of wine cups (kan­ tharos), lamps, miniature cooking pots (chytras), and small saucers and pl ates was recovered, twelve pieces in all , dating to the early 3rd century B.C. Not attested in the literary recoΓd , these pyres presumably re­ flect some nocturn al ritual involving food; as they are generall y fo und onl y in pri vate Left: Ronιan carved geιns ton e depί c tίng houses, commercial buildings, or fu nerary Aιh. e na , fronι 1999 Agora excavaι ίon. contexts, such deposits should be regarded Above: Snιa/llιoarιl of copper co ίns , as evidence for pri vate cult. c. 970-1059 A.D. Also uncovered was the upper part of a well. The unlined shaft, ca. 1.05 m in diaιη­ eter, was excavated to a depth of 4.00 m, at which point digging was abandoned until Conservation Intern coll apsing side walls could be shored up. co ntinιι e dfroιιιpage 13 Probes indicate that the well is at least an­ oth er two meters deep. The shaft of the we\l a πd r eco π str u cted u s iπ g an acryli c resin with an acryli c resin so luti oπ. was filled with debris and a great deal of adhesive; two frag ιη e ntary lamps, which Her internship also gave Ms. Barresi the fragmentary pottery, whi ch seems to date to were mechani cal\ y cleaned and whose fri­ o pp o ιtunity ofworkiπ g with objects already the 2nd and possibly 3rd quarter of the 5th abl e fabric was consolidated with an aCΓy li c existing in the Stoa of Attalos co ll ect i o π . century B.C. Α wide range of black-glazed resin so lutioπ ; a Red Figure lekythos from Among them was aπ a mph oΓa, whi ch shapes was recovered: skyphoi, Pheidias a 5th-century well, whi ch was mechanically showed s i g π s of the iιηpωp er use of acid mugs, saltcellars, lekythoi , oin ochoai, cleaned, desaliπated , a πd reconstructed fοι- cleaπing in the early years of the exca­ lamps, lekanides, and one-handleΓs, as well with aπ acryli c adhesive. vation. As a coπsequence , the fabΓ i c ι-e­ as amphoras and cooking pots. Ms. Barresi worked on two teπa-cotta quired desalination. Subsequently, the am­ Only a few exa ιηple s of figured wares figuriπes frοιη the 1999 excavatioπs. Both phora was r eco π s tructed by adheri ng the were present, and they do not repι-esent the are characterized by fri able fabric due to sherds with a sy πthetic resin adhesive, fill­ hi gh point of Greek vase painting: one low firiπg temperatnΓe s, and ο π e preserves ing the gaps with plaster of Paris aπd tiπt­ black-figured s teιηmed cup with a sketch­ the original white aπd blue pigmeπt. These iπ g the fills with acryli c paints. il y drawn frieze of standing and seated fig­ were c l ea π e d u s iπ g m ec h a πi ca l methods FοΓ Ms. Baπes i , the most c h a ll eπgi n g ures, and three red-figured lekythoi . Α\1 this and the stereomi croscope, after which their r eco π s tιυ ct ion was a π oth e r object iπ the pottery represents a dumped fill, and the fl"iable fabric was consolidated with aπ collection: a paiπted oiπochoe, which dis­ period of use was not reached. It remains acrylic re s iπ so lutioπ . Also among the ob­ pl ayed evidence of salt co πtamin atio n re­ to be seen, th e Γefo Γe , how this well might jects uncovered during the 1999 excava­ s ultiπ g ίπ the powderiπg aπd loss of paiπted relate to the commercial building behind tions was a hoard of2 I Byzantine coins, 13 decoratioπ. Siπce this piece had also been which it lies. Burni s hίn g s toπe s fouπd both of which were treated by Ms. Baπe s i , who bωke n , it was takeπ dowπ completely by iπ the well a πd in the lowest fl oors of the first c l eaπ ed them m ec h a πi ca ll y using the ex posing the shellac joins fiΓst to acetone/ buildiπ g suggest a possible associatioπ. s tereo ωicωscope aπd then stabilized th e ω ethanol vapors, theπ to paint stΓipp e r . In Final cleariπg ofMycenaean tomb Κ 2:5 with benzotriazole and lacquer. Ιπ additioπ , ordeΓ to ca πy out de sa linatioπ , the paiπted was completed, with more scattered bones she treated a batch όf copper aJloy objects decoration was first coπsolidated usi ng a π found ο π the floor iπ the πorth half and more using similar ω e thod s and materials. The aCΓy li c resin so lutioπ . D esa liπ atio π was ιηiπi sc ul e beads ofthe faieπce necklace dis­ ω ec hanical c l ea niπg of copper alloy objects caιτ i ed out by irnmersion iπ water for most covered last seaso π Γecovered from the afforded Ms. B aιτes i the opportnnity to pieces, with the exception of a few very water sieve. The question of access and a practice the Γ e m ova l of iπ c ru s tati o n s and fragil e sherds, where a poultice was applied poss.ible dromos at the πorthwe s t re ιηaiπed co rro s ioπ to Γevea l the O Γi g iπ a l preserved to the int eΓioι· s uιface ofthe sherds, thereby nπreso lv e d due to the position of the 5th surface of the objects. The ι ·e tΓiev a l of the avoiding immersion ίπ water and co πt act cenωry well . More work was also doπe iπ o ri g iπal surface detail ofteπ ΓequiΓes ωuch with the painted decoration. The piece was Tomb J-K 2:2. Here, iπ the fiπal moments skill s iπ ce it may be preserved iπ any of a few theπ Γ eco n s tru c t e d with a π acryli c resiπ ofthe seaso π , several Geometric pieces (9th differeπt coπosion layers. adhesive and the gaps filled with plaster of ceπtury B.C. ?) were fouπd at floor level. At Ms. B aπes i also had a hand in workiπg Pari s, which was then tinted with acrylic the moment it is not c l eaΓ whetheΓ these rep­ on orga πi c materials from the excavation. paints. Γesent a deliberate reuse of the grave or of­ She treated a b o π e fr ag ω e πt , whi ch had The K.Γess iπterπ s hip pωgraπ1 has al­ ferings left after aπ uniπte πti o π a l iπtrusioπ. beeπ stained green fro ω copper salts dur­ lowed a number of students to get fiΓsthand Wel\ Κ Ι :5, dug iπ 1997, also dates to the ing burial iπ a Mycenaean grave in which experience of co n servatio π in the field , 9th century and li es only some 15 meters to copper alloy objects were also found. She while providiπg theAgora staff with much­ the πort h , suggesting that the a.Γea was used cleaned a worked boπe obj ect u s iπ g ω e­ π ee d ed assistance duΓin g the excavatio π for more than just burials iπ the Iron Age. chanical methods and th e π co π so lid a te d it seaso π .

14 International Roster of Scholars Speak atASCSA

The 1999-2000 Lecture Seι-ie s sponsored by the School brought a vaι-ied menu of top­ ics, prese11ted by scholars from arou11d the world. Ι11 the Fall, speakers included: Wolf D. Niemeier (Heidelberg University), "Miletus in the Bro11ze Age: New Evidence for Minoa11s, Myce11aea11s and Hittites in Western Asia;" A l exa11deΓ Nehamas (Pri11ceton University), "Parmenidean Bei11g!Heraclitean Fiι·e ;" and Irad Malkin (τel Aviv U11iveι·s i ty) , "Colo11ial M iddle Grou11 ds in the Western Med i teιτanean ." Wi11ter l ectuΓers were: S. Hadjisavvas, Departme11 t of Antiquities, Mi11 i st Γ y of Co ιηmuni ca ti o n s and Works of Cypru s, ' Ά i assa: Α Late Bronze Age Settlement on the Moun tai11 s of Alasia;" T he Pirie Lecture, Christina Huemer, Librarian, A merican Acad eιη y in Rome, 'ΆΑR History: Artists and Scholars at theAmerican Academy in Rome;" Jen11 y StΓau ss Clay (University ofVirg i11 ia), 1999-2000 ASCSA Whitehead Yisiting PωfessoΓ , ' Ή es i o d 's Pl astic Women;" Me Γi e La11 gdon, ASCSA A ndΓew W. Mell on P ωfesso r of Classical Studies, "Souni o11 i11 the Accounts ofEaι-l y Trav­ 111 November, Peter Kuniholm, e l eι-s to Greece;" David Hawki ns (Uni versity of Lo11d0 11 ), "The E 11 d of the Hittite Em pi Γe Professor of H is tory of Art, Corne11 a11 d AfteΓward s: New Evide 11 ce;" The E ighth A1111u al Wie 11 er L ab o r a toιγ Lectu re, Sh e ιτy U11iversity, presented the fiι-s tAn11ual Fox Leo 11 aΓd , Di Γec t o Γ of the Wi e 11 eΓ La b o rato Γ y , "What's Sex Got to do with it? Huma11 Trustees Lecture, part of a series en­ Osteology i11 the Greek World." Lec tu ι-es prese11ted i11 the Spri 11 g i11 cluded: the A1111u al dowed by Trustee James Η . Ottaway, Jr. As School Director James D. Walto11 Lecture, prese11ted by C h a Γa l amb os Bouras (Nati onal Tech11i cal U11iversity, Ath­ Muhly reports, the event was "all that e11s); the lectu re at the Open Meeting of the School, by Carol Lawto11 (Lawre11 ce U 11i νe ι ·­ Ι had hoped fοΓ. There was Peter sit­ sity), 1999- 2000 ASCSA Whitehead Yi siti11g Pωfesso r , "Voti ve Reli efs a11d Popular Re­ ting 011 the flooΓ of the Saloni with all li gio l1 i11 A 11 cie11t Athe11 s;" a11d Κimberl y B y Γd (Rutgers U 11 iversity), the Μ . A li so 11 Fra11tz his charts a11d diagrams spread out be­ Fell ow fο Γ 1999-2000, " Pi e πe Gilles a11d the To p og Γ aph y of Co 11 s ta 11tί11 o pl e. " fore him, s uπounded by our stude11ts. They were firing questions about trees, chronology, climate, and how it all works, a11d Peter was in his ele­ ιηent. lt went 011 for about one and o11e-half hours. The lecture came as a real surprise for all our Gι-e ek col­ leagues i11 the audie11ce. For them den­ drochronology was something rel­ evant for Bronze Age archaeology. τl1ey had no idea that Peter had done so much work on Byzantine churches i11 Greece, Turkey, and Serbi.a, with over LOO samples from Ayia Sophia alone. The lecture was simply amaz­ ing, covering everything from the Aceramic Neolithic to the eighteenth century A.D." Lecturers S. Hadj ί savvas (le:ft), Jenny Stωuss Clay ( ce nιe ι ), and Alexanda Νe/ω ηιαs ( rίg lιt) .

Student Report: Antique Judaism co ιιιinued fιvnι page 7 a column) upon whi ch Jewish symbols and/ ιηe nt oιig i11 a ted fω m a house of prayer. The final Γes ult of my research will be a Ο Γ inscriptions are typicaJl y found. At Cor­ 011 e should 11 0t be surprised that the vast book th at i11te 11 ds to provide a comprehe l1 - inth, for example, two a Γ c hitec tura l ele­ majority of Jewish i11 sc Γipti o 11 s i11 the Dias­ sive treatme11t of the Jewish archaeological ments attest to the existence of at least one pora are writte11 i11 Greek; i11 the Land of a11d epi graphic evidence from Greece a11 d a11 d probably two ancient synagogues: a l s Γ ae l (ha-Eretz), G Γeek also was a commo11 Cyprus. As Ι complete my study a11d reflect limesto11 e plinth with caΓve d Γep r ese n ta­ la11 guage a ιη ο 11 g th e Jews. This pΓac ti ce is upo11 these fi11d s, images of expa11sive tiol1 s of ι nenorah s (lampstands ), lulavs (palm best exe ιη p lifi ed at the Jewish catacombs m a Γbl e rui11 s i11 these Mediteπa11ean la11ds fronds), and an etrog (c itιΌ n fruit); and a of Beit S h e'aΓim i11 Galilee, where 11 eaΓi y Γ e mi11d ιη e of the diverse a11 d dy11amic possible li11 tel with an i11 complete Greek eighty perce11 t of the i 11 scriptio 11 s fo und Jewish co πuηu11 ities that had once inhab­ graffito ("sy11 agogue of the Hebrews"). there are i11 Greek. Seνe Γ a l ancie 11 t sy l1 a­ ited them. Although 110 actual sy11 agogues have bee11 gogue ιη osa i cs i11 Israel, h oweveι-, also col1- Erίc C. Lapp fo u11d in Cyp ιυ s , a Greek i11 scri ptio11 0 11 a tail1 both Greek, Heb Γew , and/o Γ Aramaic Senίor Asso c ίate Member 1999-2000 marbl e colu mn u11earthed at Golgoi sug­ insCΓ i ρ t io 11 s (e.g., Se pph oΓ i s a11 d Hammath Saιnue l Η. Kress Jοίηι Aιhens-Jerusalem gests that this parti cul ar arc h i tec tuΓa 1 fι-ag- T ib e ιi as). Fellow 1996-1997

15 Wiener Laboratory News

Sherry Fox Leonαrd begαn her new job αs Dίrector ofthe Wίener Lαb on September 1. On October 19, she wαs joίned by Elenί Stαthί, newly h. ί red αs Admίnίstrαtίve Assίstαnt, αnd the next dαy, the Lab hosted α well-αttended receptίon ίn honor oftl~e EMAC '99 conference (5th European Mee tίn g on An c ί e nt Cerαmίcs). The Lαb αlso attracted an outstandίng group of res~arch ers thίs year, ίncludίng Geoarch.aeology Fellows Ηα rί c lία Breco ulαkί and James Newhard ( αlso α Fulbrίght Fellow ); and Research Assocίates Floyd McCoy αnd Lynn Snyder. Α report by McCoy appears elsewhere ί n thίs ίssu e ofthe NewsletteΓ . Fellows Snyder, Brecou lakί, and Newhαrd summαr ί ze here theίr exp e rίen ces.

Ι aaived in Athens on September 7, ap­ proximately two hours before the quake, just enough time to get me and my suitcases up to my seventh-flooi apaitment and lie down to rest and read. Then the building started shaking! My apartment and Ι sur­ vived, but cracks in the walls (and a tωe flatlandei's terror at my first earthquake) sent me over the hill to the School , where Carol Lawton and Jeie Wickens kindly took me in . Ι spent the fall working on continuing projects at Ancient Corinth and the Athe­ nian Agoia. In Corinth, Ι continued identi­ fication and analysis of the faunal materi­ als from the Frankish complex, excavated by C. Κ. Williams, Π . This assemblage of materials, froιn a church and hospice com­ plex, almost certainly represents the largest, and perhaps the only presently existing archaeofaunal collection from thi s period in Greece. It consists of the usual range of domestics (sheep, goat, cow, pig, horse/don­ Reception at th.e Wiener Laboratory in h.onor of tl1e EMAC '99 conference: James Netvhaπl, key, dog, cat) plus numerous wild, domes­ 1999-2000 Geoarclωeolog ical Fellow, explaining the finer points of his Bronze Age c lίpped ­ tic, and exotic birds (including peafowl and stone project. giant bustard), as well as horn cores and several postcranial elements, which appear handled plates, and miniature cooking and nal publication. Moreover, the sheep and to be frorn wateΓ buffalo. serving pots. These materia1s are usually goat bones are almost exclusively those of At the Athenian Agora, Ι continued work found in shallow bug depressions, a1ong the head and lower front and back limbs. on the assemblage of dog and animal bone with bits of charcoal and scattered bits of Although this study is far froιn complete, debris froιn two well deposits: J 2:4 (which heavily bumed and calcined bone, and all it would appear that these are the burned re­ was filled closely following the Persian date from the late 4th to 3rd centuries B.C. mains of those animal parts consigned to the destruction studied by Kathleen Lynch) and The presence in the deposits of fine bits of gods, during an as yet undocumented ritual. G 5:3. Thi s latter late Hellenistic well de­ burned bone initially led excavators to At the invitation of Mellon Professor posit (G 5:3), excavated by Doωthy Thomp­ speculate that they might repiesent the re­ Merle Langdon, Ι presented examples of the son in the 1930s, contains the skeletons of mains of infant creιnation s and funerarγ Agora research at a Tea Ta1k in Loring Hall approximately 165 domestic dogs of all offerings or vessels used in Iitual meals. on DecembeΓ 14, 1999. The lively discus­ ages, plus the remains of 450 term or new­ Following Young's initial publication, no sion following the presentation certainly born human infants (being studied by further work was done on the faunal mate­ generated many thoughtful and usefu1 sug­ former Angel Fellow, Lisa Little), as well rials from these deposits until similai ones gestions for our continuing Iesearch into as ceramic course and fine wares (being were uncovered recently in an industria1 these deposits. studied by Susan Rotroff). We hope to com­ area across Hadrian Street. After many days Lynn Snyder plete the study of this material by 2002. of searching the field and deposit note­ The Smithsonian ln stί tutίon Ι also began identification of the calcined books, pottery tins, and drawers (with the bits of animal bones recovered, beginning invaluable help of Jan Jordan and others at in the late 1930s and continuing to the the Agora), Ι was able to locate the bones The project that Ι have undertaken at the present, fωιn a series of small features νaii­ fωm many of the pyres described by Young. Wiener Laboratory, beginning in 1998, ously known as "infant pyres," "saucer Το date, we have located bits of bone froιn deals with a systematic technological inves­ pyres," and more recently "foundation about 20 of the more than 40 presentl y iden­ tigation of ancient Macedonian paintings deposits." They occui most often in asso­ tified deposits. Neaily all of the bones Ι (4th-2nd centuΓy B.C.) and is part of my ciation with industrial and/or domestic have examined are those of sheep and goats. Γesearch on ancient Greek and Italic paint­ structures and contain a consistent set of There are no human bones among them, a ings of the late Classical and Hellenistic ceramics, including small saucers, Γibbon fact that Young acknowledged in hi s origi- periods. The group of Macedonian monu-

16 School Alum Scholarship Winner Tells of Travels

Summer Sessίon 1999 saw the recίp ί en t of the first School A l umn ί Scl10 la rshίp , Emί ly Blanchard West, take offon an unforgettable journey.

The J 999 Summer Session in Greece sorbed will most certainly profit me thωugh­ much ωore \l'ivid. was quite possibly the most densely packed out the rest of my professional career. My only serious regret is that Ι waited period of learning in my entire course of Our Session leader, Professor Geoffrey until so late in my graduate progra111 to ap­ gΓaduate study. As a student speciali zing in Bakewell , had a varied and rigorous pro­ ply for the Summer Ses s i o π , but Ι am very Greek and Sanskrit language and literatu re gram fοΓ us, and our speakers were excel­ grateful that Ι finall y did so. Had Ι gone to at the University of Minnesota, my trai n­ lent a πd remarkably kπowledgeable. Where Greece ο π my οw π , no matter how virtu­ ing and career goals have always been en­ speakers were uπ ava il ab l e , ProfessoΓ ous my resolutions to research every site tiJ"ely philological. Ι had been foΓtunate in Bakewell hiιη self exhibited meticul ous pΓe­ nιi g ht have been, Ι could never have had the hav ing seνeΓa l oppoΓtu niti es to do reseaΓch paredness and was able to speak to us about means either to visit so many critical loca­ in Ind.ia and was well aware that time spent the significance of various sites in nearly tions or to assemble the mass of informa­ on the s ubcontin e πt was CΓi ti ca l in the shap­ every time period, fωm the very earliest to tioπ that came to us through our leader, the ing of my perceptioπs and uπde rstanding of the very latest. Τiιη e periods such as the s tud e πt re p oΓ t s, aπd the experts ίπ the field. the ancient material Ι studied. By wi tness­ TuΓkish occupation, with which Ι had no In fact, much of the information that we Γe­ ing reLigious acti vities such as sac Γifi ce pΓevious formal ac qu a int a π ce, are now a π ceived directl y frοιη archeologists a πd clas­ fiΓsthand , my mental picture of what de­ important part of my conception of the sicists on the program might not become scriptions of such acti vities in the texts are scope of Greek hi story. available in print for some time, and receiv­ ιηeant to convey was greatly improved. But Ι am currently workiπg almost entirely ing the excavators' knowledge directly from Ι had never been abl e to visit Greece, and Ι ο π co mp aτ ati ve epics, so for me the high­ them, and on the site in question, imprints knew that my understanding of Aπcieπt Ji ghts of the tΓip were d efi πite l y Pylos and it more indelibly on the ι ηind than meΓe ly GΓeek laπ g uage a πd cultuΓe was s ufferiπ g Mycenae. Though the exact relationship readiπg it iπ a book or joumal ever could. from the lack of diι·ect acquaintance with between these two palaces and the texts Ι The Suιηmer Session represents the per­ its material Γemains. The Summer Session study may be hazy and unclear, without fect combination of academic ri gor and ίnte l ­ pΓoνed to be indubitably the best way to qu es tioπ the epics were composed with lectual ex ub e Γan ce. Ι feel ex tremely fortu­ remedy that lack. In six weeks, ωy percep­ places such as these as models. The sense nate to have been a participant in what was tioπs of what the a π c i e πt Greek world ωu st of connection with the past that these sites truly a life- and career-altering experience. have been like have been immeasurabl y gave me has enΓiched my approach to the heightened, and the mass of infoπη atio n Ι ab- epics and ωade my enjoyment of the texts

Wiener Lab mental tombs as well as the less impressive, s tι·ategy , there are three secti ons: prove­ co nιinued fro ιn prev i o ιι s ρa ge but as important, gω up of g Γaνes bearing nance studies, typological analyses, a πd p aiπt ed decoration are of g Γea t significance mi crowear analysis. As chert is a highl y for our kn owledge of ancieπt Greek paint­ variable material, dete Γmiπin g its prov­ ing, both fοΓ th e iΓ iconographical as well as enance is a multivariate problem iπvolviπg for their stylisti c and technical aspects. The macroscopic, microscopic, and often geo­ ιη a in objectives of my project are three: chemical analyses. While such studies have fiΓst, to identify the nature of the materials occurred in North Aωerica , this will be the used ίη Macedonian wall-paintings ( ιηortars , first intensive pΓOvenance study for the pi g ιηent s , biπder s); seco πd , to determine Aegean. Determination of "local" versus the original painting tec hπique s ; and third, "non-local" sources will help to clarify ac­ to try and establish a.'relationship between qui s itioπ practices of the vari ous settle­ the use of ωate ri a l s, the application of a m e πt s in the region. Typological a π al yses panicular painting tec hrιique and the final of the various settl ements will enable me esthetic-styli sti c effect of the pai nting. Up to determine how the material is made into to now, aπ importaπt number of ωoπuments stone tools, and to make inferences about have been examined, including Γece ntl y ex­ the νaΓious needs of the particular settle­ cavated ιη ate rial fωιη the chamber tomb of ιηeπt s. Micωwear a πal ys i s will bring forth Aghios Athanassios neaΓ Thessaloniki, and information as to the functional purpose of new evidence has beeπ obtained co n cerniπ g the tools- whether the tools were used for a π c i e πt p ai πtin g tec hπ o lo gy. cereal pωdu c tioπ , leath erwoΓki n g , or other functions. Among oth eΓ points, th e regioπal Ha rί c lί a BΓecou lakί differences in acquisition, production, and Doctoι-al candίda te, Unί vasίty of ΡαΓίs R ec eptίon αι the Wίen e r Laboratory ίη Ιωηοr use strategies will help to infer the socio­ of the EMAC '99 confeι-e nce : Lynn Snyde ι ; α economi c context of the region. /ong -ιίme research. asso c ίate oftlι e Wί e n e r Lab, s lιowίn g ιο Davίcl Adaιn-Baye~vίt z, For my study, Ι an1 analyzing the acqui­ Bar 1/anι Unί ve rsί ty of lsrael, lιer fαιιηα/ sition, manufacture, and use practi ces of Jan1es M.L. Newhard analys ίs fωnι varίoιι s s ίtes. local chert s ouΓces. In terιηs of r eseaΓ c h Doctoιnl candidate, Unίvas i ty ofCinc ίnnatί

17 Publications News ti aJi y over the course of the past century, Black Sea colonies, or Roman CΓe te, to however, as have th e ce ntΓ al themes of cl as­ name onl y a few aieas of interest. sical studies in Ame ι-i ca. It is our hope that Publication of a wide range of articles Hesperia Widens Range Hesp erίa , as the School 's official journal, can onl y in αease the vitality (and reader­ As Hesperi a enters ίts second year ίn ίts new will reflect the full bΓea dth of di sciplinary ship) of the j o uιυ al. Submissions are sought forιnat, the Edίtors and t/~ e Manag ίng approaches taken today in the study of the frοιη schol ars whose research intersects Coιnmίttee 's Co mn~ίtte e on Pιιblίcatίons lwve Greek world. with the School's work. Νο page limit ex­ also worked to clarify the joιιrnal's c ιιrre nt The focus of the journal remains cen­ ists for contributions, although very long ιnίssίon. and h.ope to attract new n~anιιs c rίpts tered on Gι-eek mateΓiaJ c ultuι-e . The geo­ pieces may betteΓ appear as monographs. on α ~v ίde r range oftopίcs , as oιιtlίn e d h.ere. graphi cal limits are those of the e ntiι- e In οι-deι- to ens u Γe that articles published are Gι-eek world, with no c htΌno l ogica l restΓic­ of high quality, all submissions aΓe refeι-­ The scope of Hespe rί a has been the sub­ tions. Aiticles on all aspects of the field are eed in a double-blind process by two out­ ject of debate for ιη a n y yeaι-s , with the sought - primary reseaich, interdiscipli­ side revieweΓs and a member of the Publi­ result that some confusion still exists as to nary studies, theoreti cal discussions, a11d catiol1 s Committee. At pΓesel1t , an author what SOΓt s of articles are considered appro­ syntheses of topics and problems in Greek whose manuscript has bee11 accepted for priate fο ι- the journal. When Hesρerίa was ait, aΓchaeology , and epigraphy. Articles on publication can expect to see hi s or her ar­ founded in 1932, its purpose was closely the hi story and pΓac ti ce of archaeology and ticle i11 pri11t in less than a year a11d a half circumscribed: to make accessible to col­ ethnogΓaph y in GΓeece aΓe also welcome. fΙΌm the time of submission. Fifty fΓee off­ leagues and the public the results of resea ι- c h Occasionally an issue will be devoted to a pΓil1t s aΓe pΙΌvided , with an option to puΓ­ undertaken by membeΓ s of the American single theme such as fu11eraΓy ritual, the chase moΓe . ContΓibutoΓs are encouraged to School of Classical Studies at Athens. In beginnings of lite ι- acy, οι- eaτly travelers in consult Hesρerίa's stylistic guidelines 011 J 983, however, th e Managing Committee of Greece. Scholars ιηi g ht consider co ntΓibut­ the School's website (www . ascsa.oΓg) , al­ the School passed a Γesolution (regul ation ing an article to Hespe rίa 011 Byzantine or though an article need not be prepared in ΙΧ.4 ) that opened the jouι-nal to a wideι­ Ottoman Greece, ceramic petrography, the journal 's format to be co 11 s id e ι ·ed fο Γ range of submissions. While still primarily Hellenistic Egypt, prove11ance studies, publicatio11 . a foΓum fο Γ School members, Hesρe rί a also invites sc holaι- s not affiliated with the School to submit aΓticles if theiι· Γe seaΓch is of " parti c ul aΓ relevance to the School's Ancient Shipbuilding work." co ntίnu e d fro ι n page 5 The woΓk of the School is far-ι-eaching, encompassing the history, archaeology, art, Eleni Zachou each highli ghted new ship made lamps, even into cor11 ers of the a l1 - epigraphy, and lite Γature of the Greek world, furnishings and re pΓese nt a tion s fιΌm recent ciel1t world far fωιη any coast. Shipsheds exte11di11g well outside the borders of mod­ land excavations of various dates in Lokris w e Γe the topic of papeΓ s by David Black­ ern Greece and from antiquity up to the a11d Phthioti s. Elizabeth Spathaii did the man, speaking about 5th- ce ntuι-y B.C. ex­ pΓese nt day. New fellowships at the School same for Argos, wheΓe a Late Geωnetiic amples at Naxos on Sicily, and Angeliki support advanced research across a wide grave has recently given up a pitcher with Simosi, about those of Helleni stic and ra11ge of specializations, including anthro­ an interesting representation of a long ship. Chι · i s ti a n date on Alimnia, an islet off the pology, philosophy, political science, and New finds of anchois ftΌI11 undeΓwateΓ sites westeπ1 side of Rhodes. religious studies, in addition to archaeology, weΓe Ieported from lsrael by Abneι- Raban New wrecks and undeι-w a t e Γ sites are art hi s tOJΎ , classics, and history. The Gen­ (9th- to 10th-century A.D. anchors) and being fou11d all the time, of course, and nadius LibΓaΓy pωvide s an unpaι-alleled from Egypt by Ηaιτy Tzalas (date of an­ numerous speakers repoι-ted on theiΓ most ι-esource fοι- the study ofByzanti11e, Balkan, c hoΓ s not yet dete Γmined ) . GeoΓge Staϊn­ Γece nt work. The gΓeatest interest was and Ottoιηan culture, as well as m o d e ι-n haouer presented the 4th-century B.C. bω11ze shown fοΓ Jean-Yves Eωpereur's paper on Gι-ee k language, literature, and hi s toιγ Sci­ ram, of unknow11 prove11ie11ce, rece11tly pre­ finds i11 the east port of Alexandria a11d entific studies now also find their place at sel1ted to the Peiraeus Museum. Boat graf­ George Bass's on this past summer's work the School with the founding in J 993 of the fiti were the subject of pape ι- s by Michal on the Gι-eek wι-eck off Tektas Burnu. Malcolm WieneΓ Resea ι-ch Laboratory for Artzy 011 an Early Bro11ze Age example Enough diagnostic pottery was recoνeΓed Archaeological Science. fωm Megiddo, Christi11a Marangou 011 a thi s season to allow the wreck's date to be The range of articles cuπently submit­ laΓge e11gΓaνi11g of a boat of uncenain date fixed in the third quarter of the 5th century ted to Ηesρα ία is relatively limited when at Myrina, Lemnos, and Aleydis Va11 de B.C. Al so foιιnd was a marble di sk that may coιηpaι-ed with the scope of re sea Γch and Moortel and myself 011 a boat e11gΓaνi11g i11 be paΓt ofthe ship's oculιιs . lnterest also ran activities undeΓtaken by meιηbeΓ s of the Attica that has a 6th-ce l1tuΓy B.C. i11 scrip­ hi gh fοΓ less celebrated wrecks. Dimitris American School. The tι-aditional s tΓength s tio11 with it. The i11 sαiptio11 labels the boat KouΓkoumeli s and AΓes Tsaravopoulos of Hesp e rίa have been the presentation of a trίaconter , thus givi11 g ιι s the earliest gave se paι- ate p a peι-s aboιιt a Hellenistic field repo ι-t s on School-sponsoι-ed excava­ me11tio11 of this ship type i11 the GΓeek lan­ wΓeck off Antidragonera, an islet near ti ons (and, moι·e recently, surveys), Attic guage. William Muπay made 11 ew obseιΎa­ Kythera, and about the islet itself. The fi nd­ epi graphy and topography, and studies of ti OI1S 011 the Hellenistic lsis ship fresco fωm ing on the islet of over 2000 coins frο ιη fifty GΓeek monuments. In particulaΓ, the jour­ Nymphaio11 011 the 110rth coast ofthe Black different cities all over the eastern Mediter­ nal has long given pωminen ce to the results Sea. Hec toΓ Will iams surveyed represel1ta­ ranean world underscores the potential of work in the Athenian Agoι-a and Corinth. tions of ancie11t ships 0 11 a11cie11t lamps, wealth of the ship graveyard of the sur­ These studies will continue to be of m ajoΓ especiall y those of the Roma11 era. lt is il1 - rou11di11 g waters. The Antidragonera teaιη impoι-tance in the jouΓnal. The Γesearch sup­ t e ι-e s tin g to observe how p eιΎas iv e was also an11 ounced its intentio 11 to explore the ported by the School has expanded substan- sta11dardized ship iconography on locally co ntίnu e d on next page

18 Ancient Shipbuilding InMemoriam arly iπtegrity , To11i geπtly admo11ished the con tίn ued from prevίoω- ρ age a udie π ce- to s!Ίare geπerous1y the fωits of their knowledge a11d experie11ce, and to live li ves of exemplary self-examinatioπ. Mentor, the frigate that sa πk iπ 1803 with Anthony Erich Raubitschek some of the Elgiπ Marbles. Ν. Liaπo s aπd 1912-1999 Doreen Canaday Spίtzer C. Samiou aππouπced a πew sarcophagus wreck off Aπdros . Nergis Gϋπ senin re­ As a loπgtim e fΓieπd of the Raubitschek ea, ported οπ a wreck in the sea of Marmara fami ly Ι would like simply to add a few Carl Angus Roebuck dating to the 13th ce11tury A.D., a period for perso πal πotes to the perceptive obi tua.Γy which virtuall y 11othiπg is k11ow11 about written by Michael Η . J ameso π iπ the 1914-1999 s hipbuildiπg techπiques i11 the easter11 Amerίcan Journal ofAr chaeology, October The 1930s saw a goodly 11umber of stu­ Mediterraπeaπ. Kateriπa Delaporta re­ 1999. del1ts peopliπg the School, amo11g them ported οπ a l6th-ce11tury Veπetia11 wreck Τοπi Raubitschek was suί generίs, as a Carl Roebuck, whose 1ife has c1osed with dowπed οπ a reef outside the mai11 harbor meticulous scholar, an arousiπg teacher, aπd the eπd of the milleππium . Canadiaπ bom, of Zaky11thos. The wreck is of especial il1- a memorable iπdividu a l. Coπversatioπ with educated at the U11iversity ofToroπto , with terest because of its cargo of pottery, can- him was an exhilaratiπg, self-eπlighteπiπg a Ph.D. from Chicago iπ 1941 , Carl was a 110πball s, and timbers. Finally, one report expeήeπce- as with Socrates. Thoughtful, member of the School from 1937. He was on a new laπd site deserves ιηeπtiοπ. Elpida deliberate, a11d fortillight, Toni often had a diggi11g with Oscar Broπ eer οπ the Noιth Hadjidaki has found aπ Early to Midd1e refΓe s hingly differeπt angle οπ any subject. Slope of the Acωpolis ίπ the spri11g of 1938, Μiποaπ site οπ the south central coast of The wide-rangiπg Old World knowledge at Coriπth ίπ the uπea sy prewar days of Crete that looks to be a ha.Γbor. Hope may a πd epigraphical trai11i11g that he had ab­ 1938-1940, iπ postwar Coriπth iπ 1946- be held out that future iπvestigatioπ of the sorbed iπ his πative Vieππa weΓe i11valuable 1947 aπd agai11 i11 1953-1954 with Mary site could produce a great deal of infoΓma­ wheπ he came to Atheπs iπ 1933 to work Thorπe Campbell, who became Mrs. Roe­ tioπ about trade betweeπ the eastern Medi­ οπ the Acωpolis Dedicatioπs. Ιπ 1937, buck at the eπd of the 194 7 seasoπ. terranean and Crete, especially the Mesara. while s tudyiπ g certaiπ marble pieces iπ the Carl taught at Dalhousie, I 942- 1948, The fiπal sess ioπ ofthe symposium was Acropolis Museum, Τοπi proposed that Chicago, 1948-1952, and speπt a year iπ devoted to s umrnaΓie s of activities by vari­ these eleme11ts (capital, shaft, and loπg iπ­ PΓiπcetoπ at the lnstitute for Adva11ced ous nautical archaeological groups aπd au­ sc riptioπ ) could be joiπed to complete the Study. From 1952 u11til his retireme11t iπ thorities. George Bass sumrnarized the In­ Callimachos mo11umeπt. This s uggestioπ 1979 he was Joh11 Evaπs Professor of Clas­ stitute ofNautical A.Γchaeology's work off was evideπtly overlooked or fouπd waπti11g sics aπd Chairmaπ of the departmeπt at the TuΓkish coast over the last fouΓ decades. and πever me11tioπed agai11 uπtil , sixty years Northwester11 Uπiversity . 011 the Iπter11et Ηοποr Frost gave us aπ up-to-date Γeport ο π later, Manolis Korres, lectuήπg iπ Pri11cetoπ you willlikely fiπd him and his books (e.g. , the situatioπ along the SyΓio-Lebaπese οπ hi s receπt discoveries οπ the Acropolis, The World of Ancίent τίn1es, New York coast. Abπer Rabaπ did the same for the remarked that To11i had bee11 "right the first 1966) a11d articles under ancie11t history, Israeli sector of the Levant, though he ad­ time" iπ 1937, a πd to him should go the eco11omy, aΓchaeology , u11deΓ Me sse πia , mitted that uπtil quite receπtly exploratioπs palm for this iπitial proof ofthe associatioπ Ioπia , the Ioπia11 League, Grai11 Trade/ have coπceπtrated 011 harbors rather tha11 betweeπ epigraphy aπd sculpture. Greece aπd Egypt, White Grou11d plaques wrecks. Ibrahim Darwish a11d Mohamed Wheπ the Raubitscheks moved to by the Cerberus Paiπter , etc. Mostapha each read papers οπ aspects of Sta11ford iπ 1963, their home at475 Embar­ Carl was a Caπadiaπ to the toes of hi s πautical archaeology i11 Egypt. Patrice cadero iπ Palo Alto became a popular lo­ warm, woole11, hip-le11gth hockey socks, Pomey did the same for Fraπce, aπd cus for s tudeπt s, colleagues, and visitiπg which were hu11g by the chimney with care Hristiπa Aπgelova for Bulgaria. Nichos frieπds. Α studeπt fr"ieπd of hi s came upoπ 011 Christmas Eve i11 the Salo11i of Loring Tsouchlos traced the history of the Helleπic Τοπi οπe day, si ttiπg οπ the curb beside hi s Hall. His dry, u11derstated whimsical humor Iπstitute of MaΓil1e Archaeology, fouπded bicycle, very still, head bowed. 'Άre you all aπd quiet coπgeπiality eπliveπed School iπ 1973, aπd Kateriπa Delaporta did the right, sir?" he iπquired aπxiously. "Caπ Ι trips (such as to Euboea ονeΓ Easter, whe11 same for the Ephoreia of U11derwater Ar­ help you up?" "Νο , sο π , thaπk you," came the Pascal lambs were haπg iπg iπ doorways chaeology, which was fouπded iπ 1976. the reply. " Ι am jusr' thinkiπg ... about De­ as the proce ssio π of worshippers passed Of all the sumrnary reports, however, the moαacy ... It is a very big subject. .. I really with lighted ca11dles to the litt1e Church of most excitiπg to this auditor was that of must coπceπtrate ." Τοπί was a familiar fig­ Aghia An11a). He was also οπe of a sma\1 Carlo Beltrame, speakiπg about πautical ure οπ hi s bicycle betweeπ home aπd office iπtrepid baπd who pioneered to Asia Minor archaeology iπ Italy. While deploriπg the a11d, afteΓ Isabel 's death, betweeπ home aπd iπ the fa\1 of 1938 (the first, perhaps, of the sad state of the di sc ipliπe iπ Italy for most the little Catholic cemetery iπ Meπlo Park trips to Turkey that have s iπce become an ofthe 20th ceπtuΓy , he paiπted a promisiπg where she, a11d ποw he, are buried. optioπal part of the School's Regular Pro­ picture of the future, as ma11y youπg schol­ Ιπ the spήng of 1999,just uπder the wiΓe , gram). The group had waπgled permissioπ ars are beiπg attracted to the serious study theAustriaπ gove mmeπt bestowed 011 Τοπί to make their headquarters i11 the Germa11 of the subject. Beltrame remiπded us that the Austriaπ Cross of Ηοποr for Scieπce aπd excavatio11 house at the foot of Prieπe , there are more knowπ aπcie11t shipwreck Art. At the co πc1u s ioπ of the ceremo11y, the rumors of war πotwith sta 11diπ g. TuΓkish sites off the coast of Italy than off that of Austriaπ Co11su1 asked if Dr. Raubitschek, ge11darmes guardi11g the house looked foΓ­ aπy other Mediterraπeaπ couπtry . If this re­ atteπded by his four childre11 with theiΓ ιηidable as they solemnly scrutinized Carl 's πewed iπteΓest does produce su bstaπtive faιηilies, would like to say a few woΓds. Caπadia11 passport, holdiπ g all four docu­ results, there wi\1 iπdeed be a great deal of Small a11d frail, he asked if he might Γemaiπ meπt s upside dowπ. Carl aπd his pipe were πew data for studeπts of π a utic a l archaeol­ seated. Frοιη hi s chair, with the twiπkJe of imperturbable throughout. ogy, aπd all the more rea so π for futuΓe coπ­ a benign philo s opheΓ-curmudgeoπ, with hi s fereπces about ships iπ aπtiquity . Old Wor1d courtesy, aπd true to his schol- Doreen Canaday Spίtzer

19 ... και τα λοιπά ... news and notes ... και τα λοιπά ... news and notes ... και τα λοιπά ...

In October, the University of California Greek Lίte rature, was published at the end partment of CJassical and Near Eastern at Los Angeles named its Institute of Ar­ of October by Princeton University Press. Studies, University of Minnesota, Manag­ chaeology in honor of Chairman of the As Mortin1er Chambers, University ofCali­ ing Committee Repι-e se nt a ti ve, for "CJas­ Gennadeion Boaι-d and School Trustee, fo ι-πi a , reports in his editorial review, "By sical Literature: Α New Text and Commen­ Lloyd Ε. Cotsen, in recognition ofhis long­ foc using on gestures, facial exp ι- ess i o n s , talΎ on Aristophanes' Archarni ans (425 time support of the Institute and hi s recent and other nonverbal means of communica­ B.C.E.)." gift of $7 million towards its endowment. tion implied in Greek literature, A1an ~ AccoΓding to Ri chard Μ . Leventhal, Direc­ Boegehold gives the reader new tools with On leave from the Xavier Uni versity's toΓ of the Institute, Mr. Cotsen's gift will which to read long-famous works." "completely transform the study of archae­ CJassics Department, Chaiω1an and Asso­ ~ ology at UCLA," whi1e Mr. Cotsen himself ciate Professor George W. Μ. Harrison, noted that "thi s Institute and its leadership Official ceremonies held in Jul y 1999 ASCSA Regul ar Member 1979-1980, are the ve hic1es that will carry on a vision commemorated the beginning of recon­ ASCSA Associate Member 1980-1981, of archaeology's future through the intellec­ s tι-uctioιl of the Temple of Neιηean Zeus Managing Committee Representative, and tual pursuit of knowledge and adventure." and p1 anning for the second modern Carol R. Hershenson, In stiuctor, ASCSA Nemean games. In the presence of the Regular Member 1982-1983, ASCSA As­ ~ Pι-e s ident of Greece, Constantine Stephan­ sociate Member 1984- 1987, have been School Trustee, Malcolm Η. Wiener, opoulos, Stephen G. Miller, University of awarded one-year Visiting Professorships at was inducted into the American Academy California, Berkeley, Director of the the Institute for the History of Ancient Civi­ of Arts and Sciences in Cambridge, Mas­ Nemean Excavations, and Director of the lizations, Northeast Normal University, sachusetts las t October. As a Fellow of the Schoo11982-1987, and James D. Muhly, Changchun, the Peoples Republic ofChina. Academy, Mr. Wiener is recognized for hi s Director of the School, among others, ad­ In addition to teaching, Harrison has as­ di stinguished contributions in the categoι-y dressed the crowds including a bu sload of sumed the duties of e ditoι- of the Journal of Social Arts and Sciences. School members. of A n cίent Cίvίlίz atίon s. The second larg­ est university in China, Northeast Normal ~ ~ University has the only graduate-level Clas­ During September ceremonies at Ana­ The National Endowment for the Hu­ sics program in China. tolia College, inaugurating the Michael S. ιη a nitie s has awarded several School mem­ Dukakis Chair in Public Policy, Yasilis beΓ S re sea ι-ch fellowships for the 2000- ~ Papageorgopoulos, Mayor ofThessaloniki, 2001 academic year: Peter Μ. Krentz, Josiah Ober, Professor and Chairman, and the municipal council bestowed honors, Professor of Classics and History, Depait­ Department of Classics, Princeton Univer­ including the city's Gold Medal of St. Deme­ ment of Classics, Davidson College, ASCSA sity, ASCSA RegularMember 1978-1979, trios, upon Governor Michael Dukakis, Summei Sessions 1975, for 'Ά nci e nt Hi s­ was a star "talking head" in τι~e Greeks: Gennadius Library Trustee, honorίs causa. tory: The Storm ofWar: Waifare in Archaic Crιι. cίble ofCίvίlί z atίon, bι-oadca s t by PBS and Classical Greece;" Jodi Magness, As­ in February. With a book by the same name, ~ sociate Professor, Classical and Near East­ written by Paul Cartledge, who also advised The 1atest book by School and ern Archaeology, Tufts University, ASCSA the production, as well as a Web site and Gennadeion Trustee, Alan L. Boegehold, Regular Member 1983- 1984, for ' Άrchae­ DVD with additiona1 content, "The Greeks" Wh en α Gesture Was Expected: Α Selectίon ology: The Archaeology of Qumran;" and is the first of a series that will include a fi1m of Examples froιn Archaί c and Classίcal Douglas Olson, Associate Professor, De- on the age of Augustus.

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