NEWSLETTER OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

ákákoueWinteroue 2002, No. 47

Reused material, including this fragment, was used to construct the Byzantine house walls excavated at the northwest section of the

Photo: Craig Mauzy Agora. See page 5 for story.

IN THIS ISSUE: Stephen Tracy Appointed School Director 3 Brendan Burke Reflects on Term 3 Student Reports: Macedonian Social History; Medieval Morea; Corinth Fountains 4 Agora Excavations 5 Summer Sessions Review 7 Wiener Lab Reports: Franchthi Cave; Dye Extraction; Aristotle’s Goby; Sex Determination of Skeletons 9 Lecture Series Schedule 14 Male Maturation Rituals 15 School Pioneer Profiled 15 Remembrances of Dorothy Burr Thompson 17 In Memoriam: WDE Coulson 18 INSERT: Gennadeion Groundbreaking Phase II G1 Rare Volume Acquired G1 Schliemann Papers G2 Clean Monday Celebration Planned G3 Photographic Archive G3 Philoi Activities G4 A New Look for the Newsletter

Among archaeologists, histo- letter, which continued to record the evolu- rians, and classicists, 25 years tion not only of the School but also of the may not seem like a long field of classics and archaeology. time, but in the world of Upon Doreen’s retirement from the Board design, it’s an eternity. in 1996, her fellow Trustees honored her Therefore, as the Newslet- with the establishment of an endowment ter enters its 25th year of fund for the Newsletter so that it could con- publication, we have given tinue to do what she had done so energeti-

ákoue! it a new look, one that we cally in her years as President: spread the hope will continue to do news of the School’s achievements. During justice to the diverse Doreen’s editorship, the Newsletter intro- achievements and ac- duced a feature called ákoue!, to call atten- tivities it documents. tion to a particular article or editorial. That Launched in 1977 name has now been incorporated into the by then-President of Newsletter’s nameplate on an illustrated the Board of Trustees, cover page that will also feature a table of Elizabeth A. White- contents. The inner pages are redesigned as head, the Newsletter well, to make text more readable and to al- aimed to keep mem- low more flexibility with photographs. bers of the School ákoue! — The Newsletter will continue the family abreast of tradition set by Betsy Whitehead and Doreen the work of the School, in its Spitzer, bringing to its readers the vibrancy many facets. Her successor in 1983 as Presi- and variety of scholarship and life at the Our first issue dent, Doreen Canaday Spitzer, assumed at School. e in 1977 the same time the editorship of the News- — The Editor

From Syracuse to Manhattan

The terrible events of September 11 truly knew no international boundaries, as doz- ens of nations suffered the loss of citizens and countless individuals mourned for friends AMERICAN SCHOOL OF and strangers alike. David Gill (University CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS of Wales), who had arrived in Athens that 54 Souidias Street, GR-106 76 Athens, Greece afternoon to do work in the School’s Ar- 6–8 Charlton Street, Princeton, NJ 08540-5232 chives, found himself standing outside the NEWSLETTER School, struggling to absorb the magnitude Winter 2002 No. 47 of the news that greeted him. His poem, re- Executive Editor produced here, articulates the timelessness Catherine deG. Vanderpool of tragedy. Editorial Associate Sally Fay Whispered words “It can’t be true” Editorial Assistant “All of them?” Evi Sikla They gather below the sacred stones Design & Production And weep at the Sicilian news. Mary Jane Gavenda The Newsletter is published semiannually Ashen faces by the ASCSA under the inspiration of “We can’t go on” Doreen C. Spitzer, Trustee Emerita. Please “What’s the point?” address all correspondence and inquiries to the Newsletter Editor, ASCSA U.S. Office, Satellite dishes line the ancient streets 6–8 Charlton Street, Princeton, NJ 08540- While orange flames lick the screen. 5232. Tel: (609) 683-0800; Fax: (609) 924- Photo courtesy ArtToday 0578; Website: www.ascsa.edu.gr; E-mail: A view gone but not forgotten. [email protected].

2 Tracy Appointed School Director

At its May meeting, the ASCSA Managing (Princeton University Press, 1990). Mr. Tracy Committee appointed Stephen V. Tracy as Di- was co-author (with J. Bodel) of Greek and rector of the School for a five-year term. Mr. Latin Inscriptions in the USA: A Checklist Tracy succeeds current School Director (American Academy in Rome, 1997) and co- James D. Muhly, whose term expires June 30, editor of Studies Presented to Sterling Dow on 2002. his Eightieth Birthday, Greek, Roman, and “The School is a marvelously successful Byzantine Monograph 10 (Durham, 1984). academic enterprise, and I am honored to be His latest book, Athens and Macedon: Attic elected to serve as the next Director,” Mr. Letter-Cutters of 300 to 229 B.C., is forthcom- Tracy said of his appointment. “Changing ing from the University of California Press. times and changing international conditions Mr. Tracy is a life member of the Ameri- present us with interesting challenges and can Philological Association and a corre- opportunities, to which I look forward. It will sponding member of the Deutsches archäo- Photo: Marie Mauzy be a particular pleasure logisches Institut, Berlin. for me to work with the He has held fellowships School’s First outstanding students and grants from the Na- Assistant Professor who attend the School tional Endowment for each year.” the Humanities, Ameri- Concludes His Term Mr. Tracy, who holds can Council of Learned In Fall 2000, the School appointed Brendan a B.A. in Latin and Societies, Archaeological Burke to a newly created position: Assistant Greek from Brown Uni- Institute of America, the Professor of Classical Studies. As his two-year versity and an M.A. and Institute for Advanced term winds down, he takes stock of the enhance- Ph.D. in classical phi- Study, the Packard Hu- ments to School programs and services made lology from Harvard manities Institute, the possible by the new position, and examines its University, first visited National Science Foun- effect on his own scholarship. Greece as a Harvard dation, the Gladys Krieble Traveling Fellow in Delmas Foundation, and Over the last year and a half, as I have served 1965. His association the Ford, Mellon, and as the first Assistant Professor of Classical with the School began Woodrow Wilson Foun- Studies at the American School, I have had in 1966–67, when he dations. He is currently the unique opportunity to work with some wrote his dissertation, part of an international of the brightest graduate students from some “A Letter-Cutter of Photo courtesy Ohio State University team of scholars who, in of the best programs in Classics, Art History, Classical Athens,” at cooperation with the Ber- and Archaeology. I have also been fortunate the School under a grant from the Woodrow lin Academy, are preparing a new edition of enough to have truly inspiring and dedicated Wilson Foundation. A member of the Man- Inscriptiones Graecae volumes II–III, the in- colleagues, from the visiting professors at the aging Committee since 1974 and Chair since scriptions of Attica subsequent to the year School to the permanent members of the 1998, Mr. Tracy has also been a Summer 404 B.C. teaching staff. My position has been at times Session director, Senior Research Fellow Mr. Tracy is Director of the Center for challenging but also a highly rewarding ex- (Visiting Professor), Chair of the Commit- Epigraphical Studies at Ohio State Univer- perience. tee on the Summer Sessions and the Com- sity, where he is Professor of Greek and Latin At the start of the 2000–2001 academic mittee on Publications, member of the Com- and Adjunct Professor of Ancient History. year the teaching program of the School had mittee on Committees, and both an elected His wife, June W. Allison, also a Profes- to adjust to the additional position of the As- and ex officio member of the Executive sor of Greek and Latin at Ohio State, is a very sistant Professor. Merle Langdon, the Mellon Committee. popular teacher who has also published a Professor, made every effort to welcome me Mr. Tracy’s scholarly work includes sev- number of articles on literary subjects. Her and was very accommodating to my teach- eral books and book chapters, as well as a most recent book, Word and Concept in ing and research interests. Together with large number of articles on epigraphical, his- Thucydides (Scholars Press, Atlanta), was Corinth Excavation Director Guy Sanders, torical, and literary subjects. He has pub- published in 1997. e the three of us have worked out a program lished four books related to epigraphy—The for the four Fall trips which has room for Lettering of an Athenian Mason, Hesperia contributions by members of the teaching Supplement XV (Princeton, 1975), IG II2 staff but also gives each of the trip leaders a 2336, Contributors of First Fruits for the Rhys F. Townsend has been named to suc- fair degree of autonomy. We all agree that Pythaïs (Meisenheim, 1982), Attic Letter- ceed Stephen V. Tracy as Chair of the Man- leading trips is like teaching a course, and Cutters of 229 to 86 B.C. (University of Cali- aging Committee, effective July 1. we employ our own pedagogical methods. fornia Press, 1995), and Athenian Democracy Mr. Townsend is Associate Professor of Our curriculum proved successful last year in Transition: Attic Letter-Cutters of 340 to 290 Art History at Clark University, where he and we have basically kept with the same B.C. (University of California Press, 1995) has taught since 1982. A full profile will program for the 2001–2002 academic year. —as well as a very well received book on a appear in the next issue of the Newsletter. literary topic, The Story of the Odyssey continued on page 16

3 Student Reports and 2000 trips, I had the pleasure of learn- ing about ancient Stymphalos as well as dis- cussing this medieval site with other School Unconventional Sources Members. I visited the Zaraka monastery on Yield Clues to Macedonia’s these trips and others during the past two Social History years, researching the architectural evidence for cultural interaction between Westerners . and Byzantines following the Fourth Crusade. IPEK K. YOSMAOGLU Culminating in the capture of Constan- EDWARD CAPPS FELLOW, 2001–2002 M. ALISON FRANTZ FELLOW, 2000–2001 tinople in April of 1204, the Fourth Crusade initiated an era of Western settlement and consequent cultural interaction between The Gennadius Library is highly acclaimed Greeks and Franks, as the Byzantines called as one of the major research libraries the knights from Burgundy, Champagne, for Byzantine history. However, this well- Flanders, and Lombardy. In the two centu- deserved reputation should not lead us into ries that followed, several major and minor assuming that the Gennadius collection’s states were created in the Aegean. Among the appeal is limited to Byzantinists. In fact, the richest and most stable of these domains was Library’s holdings offer invaluable material the Principality of Achaïa, also called the to scholars from a variety of disciplines . Photo: Ipek K. Yosmaoglu Morea, comprising much of the Pelopon- whose research interests concern the history An ethnographic map of European nesos. The Franks brought with them the of the Balkans, the Orthodox Church, and Turkey and Greece, published by John power structure, religion, and cultures— the Ottoman Empire. Gennadius in an 1877 booklet. including the material culture — of their Last academic year, I had the opportunity homelands. As their existence in the region to continue my doctoral thesis research at the became more permanent, these Franks Gennadius Library as the American School’s they, despite their obvious shortcomings as formed with the upper-echelon Greeks of the M. Alison Frantz fellow. My project intends propaganda pieces, can also provide clues area a mutually supporting, though at times to reconstruct a local and social history of the that help us understand the specific condi- antagonistic, elite. Struggle for Macedonia, which has so far tions that determined their production. One In my dissertation, I am examining the remained within the realm of political and of my main purposes was to show how eth- architectural record left by this syncretic so- diplomatic history. I focus on the area around nographic maps, invented and first intro- ciety in the Peloponnesos, Epirus, and Serres, which today is one of the largest duced to the Balkans by Europe as indispens- Euboia. I am focusing on newly built and towns of the region of Macedonia in Greece. able tools of colonization, were co-opted and adapted ecclesiastic structures of the first I have drawn primary material for this study deployed by the nationalist elite of the very century of the Frankokratia. Most of these from a variety of sources including Ottoman same region in order to articulate their own structures are undated, and there are only and French state archives and periodicals, agendas of domination. To that end, the scant references to these sites in medieval and I hope to extend my study to include Gennadeion proved to be an extremely rich documents. Scholars have tended to group Greek state sources this year. and valuable resource for my research efforts, the architecture built or adapted during the My research in the Gennadius Library, on as it provided an unusual vantage point for Frankish period into the categories of “West- the other hand, concerned an entirely differ- exploring the history of the Balkans. ern” and “Byzantine,” based primarily upon ent category of sources that has been both


the structures’ plan typologies and ornamen- blessed and condemned by historians, tation. This taxonomy implies that the archi- namely, travel literature. Holdings of the East Meets West: tecture of the medieval West was imported Gennadius Library include arguably the wholesale into the Morea after 1204 by the most impressive collection of travel literature A Reassessment of predominantly French-speaking conquerors, concerning the Peloponnese, the Balkans, the Medieval Morea and suggests singular, ethnically based points and Anatolia from the seventeenth through of origin for the monuments and their fea- the beginning of the twentieth century. HEATHER E. GROSSMAN tures. However, close examination of the I was aware of the wealth of this collec- GORHAM P. S TEVENS FELLOW, 2000–2001 buildings’ fabric, plans, and ornamentation tion before I came to Athens last year, but it OLIVIA JAMES FELLOW (AIA), 1999–2000 allows me to suggest that these structures was a surprise to find out about an equally exhibit instead a complex hybridization. El- important, yet not as frequently acclaimed, When the ASCSA Regular Members arrive ements from a shared early Christian past resource among the holdings of the Library in Stymphalos on their fall trip, they expect reemerge in Greece as they did in the as I was perusing the stacks: ethnographic to see the striking reed-filled lake where Romanseque West, Byzantine and Gothic maps of the Ottoman Empire and the Herakles performed his sixth labor, as well masonry techniques are mixed in the same Balkans. (John Gennadius himself published as the extensive remains of the ancient city. structure, and Western sculpture appears in one such map, accompanied by a booklet, However, also tucked into this fertile valley otherwise Byzantine churches. in 1877 under an anonymous name; this are the ruins of the thirteenth-century C.E. I have investigated the remains of eccle- map is among the holdings of the Library.) I monastery of Zaraka, founded after the siastic sites in order to consider from where based a May 2001 tea talk on these ethno- Fourth Crusade and likely an outpost of the graphic maps and attempted to show how Cistercian monastic order. On both the 1999 continued on page 6

4 Agora Excavations Celebrate Seventieth Anniversary

The summer of 2001 marked the 70th anniversary of the School’s excavation work at the Agora, and what better way to commemorate the milestone than to excavate! In June, following the pattern established in recent years, a team of about 45 students and supervisors conducted excavations in the Athenian Agora, focusing on the northwest of the Agora and the area of the Eleusinion. Primary funding for the project was provided by the Packard Humanities Institute.

JOHN MCK. CAMP II west corner of the Agora, which was known AGORA EXCAVATIONS DIRECTOR in antiquity as “the Herms” because of the large number dedicated there. Herms were Northwest Area used to mark the entrances of houses and shrines all over Athens, and they are concen- In Section BZ the excavations, supervised by trated in our area because we are excavating Floris van den Eijnde, Marcie Handler, and the principal entrance to the Agora, along the Michael Laughy, continued to expose the Panathenaic Way, and therefore a suitable Middle Byzantine settlement of the eleventh location for the erection of public herms. To century A.D. For the most part we excavated date, parts of 17 herms have been found in through and under the lowest floor levels, the area north of Hadrian Street. Somewhere digging into fill representing the abandon- in this vicinity stood the Stoa of the Herms, ment of the area in the seventh to ninth cen- referred to in ancient sources from the fifth turies and exposing the upper parts of the to the second century B.C.; thus far it is ei- Late Roman walls beneath. The Byzantine ther unexcavated or unrecognized. house walls, built of irregular stones set in In Section BE, supervised by Dave Scahill, clay with a fair admixture of reused material, we continued work in the Classical shop were exposed to their full depth. A tile-and- building. In the southernmost room excava- stone-lined well was partially excavated; the tions beneath the floor produced yet another lining had collapsed where it passes through Hellenistic pyre deposit. These shallow pits, Dark Age levels, and final excavation will full of small-scale vases, traces of burning, wait for next season. A fair amount of glazed and a few bones, represent a ritual not at- and sgrafitto pottery from the lining suggests tested to in the literature. They are found in either that the well is one of the later features houses and shops, almost never in public to survive on the site, dating to the twelfth buildings or sanctuaries, so they seem to be or thirteenth century A.D. or, more probably, an expression of private cult activity. The that a late attempt was made to reline the vases indicate that dining and drinking were upper part of the well. part of the ceremony, while the invariable Photo: Craig Mauzy A second feature uncovered this year was presence of a lamp perhaps suggests that the Excavations in the Classical shop building a stone-lined cess-pit, placed in the road just rite was nocturnal. The BE shop building has uncovered a Hellenistic pyre deposit. outside the house. It was well preserved, with a higher concentration of these little depos- a cover slab in place, along with a drain lead- its (seven) than anywhere else in the exca- ing into it from the adjacent house. It is the vations. This particular deposit contained blocked with stones. Set near the center of first such installation for household waste to about 20 pots and a lamp dating to ca. 350– the dromos, some 2.5 meters from the have been uncovered or recognized in this 275 B.C. blocked door, was the lower part of a large neighborhood. In the southern area a large Further work was done in both of the grey-ware Lesbian amphora, dating to the plaster-lined pit—perhaps the lower part of Mycenaean chamber tombs, partially exca- first half of the fifth century B.C. The top had a cistern—produced pottery of the twelfth vated in previous seasons and dated to the been shaved off in antiquity, at the same level and thirteenth centuries along with large fourteenth century B.C. In the southernmost as the preserved top of the dromos. Within chunks of roof tiles. At the extreme north end grave, enthusiastic pumping by the Metro the amphora was some charcoal and ash, of Section BZ, a serious and successful at- Company had lowered the water table suffi- together with a single large iron nail. tempt to clear up the area of a modern base- ciently to allow us to clear the last of the The northeast corner of a third Myce- ment was carried out. The churned-up fill bones scattered on the floor. The large num- naean chamber tomb was uncovered this included fragments of terracotta wheels and ber of additional bones may require a reas- season, just south of the dromos described figurines of the sort found in large quanti- sessment of the full complement of individu- above. It seems from its alignment to be ties in a shallow pit just a few meters to the als buried in the tomb, presently estimated somewhat earlier, perhaps fifteenth century east—evidence of coroplasts at work here in at two adult males, an adult female, and a B.C. The cutting was full of large stones, sev- the Roman period (J 1: 1 - Hesperia 65, 1996, child. In the northern tomb we removed the eral vases, and a pile of bones. Much more pp. 239–241, and pl. 69). end of Roman wall C and finally exposed the work will have to be done on this tomb; like Section BZ continued to produce assorted entranceway, or dromos, into the tomb. The the others, it is largely obscured by later walls fragments of herms, adding to the corpus of doorway, partially cut by the fifth-century and installations. such monuments recovered from the north- well excavated the past two seasons, was continued on page 7

5 Student Reports tal is found in several smaller churches, some University of Pennsylvania. I am grateful to continued from page 4 of which have typically Middle Byzantine the Kress Foundation and the American plans and all of which incorporate Byzantine School for making such an enjoyable and planning and stylistic influences and con- construction techniques. Such churches are productive year possible. struction methods may have come. Through usually located in close proximity to larger, My dissertation traces the history of fieldwork and library research in France and more obviously Western-looking structures Corinthian fountains and water imagery Italy as well as in Greece, I have identified or to earlier Byzantine buildings with addi- from the Roman refoundation of Corinth in new, close parallels for plan types and orna- tions including this same capital type. The 44 B.C. to the end of the fourth century A.D., mental sculpture found in churches in crocket capital is also found in churches in considering the architecture of six fountains, Korinthia, Messenia, and Ilia. I am also in- the Arta area, which I consider to determine as well as a diverse corpus of fountain art. terested in the questions of artistic and con- the extent to which this architectural koine Most of the subjects of my study were un- struction workshops, and the cultural mean- traveled. The crocket capital and other as- covered by the 1930s, and while many have ing of architectural forms and how these pects of the several remaining Frankish- been published in preliminary reports and change over time or in new settings. Last period buildings are signs of the creation of monographs like Bert Hodge Hill’s Corinth year, while working in the southern, a new local style that had multifaceted cul- I, vi: The Springs, my initial research sug- northwestern, and northeastern Pelopon- tural associations. Continued analysis this year gested that the time was right for an update. nesos, regional groupings of distinct traits, will allow me to further decipher the mean- For each of the monuments, I have built such as moldings, brickwork, or capitals, ings of these elements and finally present a upon published accounts by reevaluating became apparent in the extant churches of new approach to the medieval Morea. excavation records and preserved structures. thirteenth-century Greece. From these Further layers of interpretation draw from groups, I can reconstruct ateliers that may


the history of art and architecture and stud- have flourished in localized settings and at ies in topography and landscape. As specific moments. The Fountains of Corinth Pausanias noted, Roman Corinth was full of The use of the distinct crocket capital is fountains. My work sheds light on how the particularly interesting vis-à-vis the question BETSEY A. ROBINSON these monuments were used, not only in the of hybridity. In its basic form the crocket, or OSCAR BRONEER FELLOW, 2001–2002 sense of keeping the city “well watered,” but French crochet, capital incorporates two styl- SAMUEL H. KRESS FELLOW, 2000–2001 in the establishment and maintenance of ized, stemmed buds or volutes that bound Corinthian identity and civic pride. each of the capital’s faces, and may also in- A year at the American School of Classical My case studies begin with the Peirene, clude other decorative devices. Such crocket Studies provided me with ideal conditions the preeminent Corinthian spring, where I capitals have strong ties to French medieval for completing my dissertation, “Fountains have identified four major Roman phases ornamental vocabulary, and those in Greece and the Culture of Water at Roman Corinth.” extending from the late first century B.C. have typically been thought of as Western Over the year, I commuted between Corinth through the fourth century A.D. The first and importations following the 1204 conquest and Athens, wrapping up field studies at last of these phases are particularly intrigu- and symbols of Western ownership. They Ancient Corinth, and writing and revising in ing. The early-Imperial architects made stem, however, from a revival of ancient the Blegen Library. In the summer, I returned Peirene look as “Roman” as so many of the forms that occurred in both the East and the home to Philadelphia, submitted the disser- colony’s new structures, covering the subter- West. In the Peloponnesos, the crocket capi- tation, and received my degree from the ranean Greek spring-house with an arcaded screen-wall that would have looked right at home in the Forum Romanum. But Peirene was not just another civic building. It was a venerable ancient source, a numinous locale charged with meaning. The designers were perhaps responding to these factors in build- ing a façade that incompletely masked the scruffy bedrock ceiling and allowed a view deep into the cavernous reservoirs beyond. Here was a world “through the looking- glass,” the lair of a nymph, beside which Bellerophon first tamed Pegasos. The development of Peirene culminated in the creation of a luxurious water-court with three apses—basically the monument that visitors see today. This triconch court was long credited to the second-century magnate Herodes Atticus, and although sev- eral authors have argued against Herodes’ responsibility, the assumption has persisted Photo: Heather Grossman that such a grand monument should date to The remains of the thirteenth-century A.D. Cistercian monastery at Zaraka, the “Greek renaissance” of the second cen- Stymphalia, Peloponnesos (the medieval Morea). continued on page 11

6 Agora Excavation Summer Session Directors Praise continued from page 5 Speakers, Students Acropolis Slopes Despite its basic framework—six weeks, 20 students, 100-plus sites, dozens of lectures, and count- In Section E, supervised by Laura Gaw- less student reports and site talks—each Summer Session, by virtue of its unique set of personali- linski, we continued to dig in the area just ties and circumstances, takes on a character all its own. In 2001, both first-time Director Mark south of and uphill from the Eleusinion, Fullerton (Ohio State University) and repeat Director Clayton Lehmann (University of South along the east face of the Late Roman fortifi- Dakota) found their program to be a source of unexpected challenges as well as serendipitous cation wall. A handful of Late Roman sherds surprises, as they reveal in excerpts from their reports to the Director of the School, James D. found in the fill presumably reflects its con- Muhly, and the Managing Committee. struction in the years around 280 A.D. For

Summer Session I was, in my estimation, an The most negative development of the unqualified success. The students seemed to summer was, of course, the guard strike find the experience both educational and during the last five days of the session that enjoyable, and it was certainly a welcome caused us to miss Olynthos, the sites and experience for me to revisit and reconnect museums of Aigina, and our last sessions at with Greece, its archaeological sites, and the the Agora, the Acropolis, and the National School itself after too many years away. Museum. Some things are simply beyond Our group consisted of 13 graduate stu- control. Other than that, we were able to see dents and 7 undergraduates. Despite (or virtually everything we were planning to see, perhaps because of) the strong academic fo- and one or two things that we did not ex- cus of this group, they were, to say the least, pect to see, like the domestic quarters at a fun-loving lot. The group dynamic was Knossos. excellent; all seemed to socialize with one —Mark D. Fullerton another quite freely, and they all appeared Director, Summer Session I genuinely fond of one another. A second Photo: Craig Mauzy great stroke of luck for me (and all of us) was


A horse skull was among the remains that there were no injuries or illnesses be- The group on hand for Summer Session II uncovered during excavations in the area yond the normal and predictable (one included two university professors, four of the Eleusinion. sprained ankle, a throat infection, some fa- teachers, four undergraduates, and ten tigue). All in all, things went remarkably graduate students. This remarkable group of smoothly. the most part we encountered a thick layer men and women got along famously. They The program of sessions and trips was filled with fragmentary pottery, mostly of the actually asked me to arrange more meals so pretty much as outlined in the School’s sug- late third and early second centuries B.C.; they could spend more time together as a gested schedule; this was my first experience included were numerous black-glazed kan- group. We enjoyed cool weather the first leading a group, and I inclined to follow the tharoi, mould-made bowls, beehives, and couple of weeks, so that when the real chal- tried and true. For the most part, the pace examples of West Slope ware. Also recovered lenges of heat and weariness set in we had was brisk but doable. Easier and harder days were numerous fragments of worked bone, reached a way of living and working together were well balanced, and in retrospect it is several dozen loomweights, many stamped that depended on our interest in Greece, re- clear to me that some of the more hectic days amphora handles (most from the island of spect for each other, and general good feel- are logistically inevitable. Rhodes and others from Knidos), the partial ing, collegiality, and friendship. The strength of the program is clearly in remains of two or three horses (skulls, ver- Of great importance to the session’s suc- the participation of visiting lecturers. It was tebrae, and leg bones, partially articulated), cess was our good fortune in securing the a continual source of amazement to me that and fragments of terracotta figurines. There services of an outstanding driver, not once these distinguished scholars would not only is no obvious historical or archaeological event but twice (southern and northern tours). Not donate their time for the Summer Sessions to account for this deposit, nor any certainty only would he take his new bus on difficult but would display such a high level of prepa- that it is in primary deposition here. Some- roads for us, but he also helped organize our ration and a willingness to spend massive what puzzling is the fact that this material group meals and excursions to the best amounts of time with the students. Every lies directly over bedrock, leaving no sign of sunset-watching spots. The fact that he lecturer without exception did a wonderful earlier activity in the area. In the final hours seemed to know every taverna owner, hotel job. Spending the morning with Manolis we uncovered the shaft of an unlined well manager, and bus driver in Greece became Korres (Athens Polytechneion), with his in- cut through bedrock; the upper fill was Hel- an invaluable asset. credible depth of experience in the restora- lenistic. A few irregularly placed post-holes were The staff and guest speakers were, as tion of the Parthenon, was an experience I encountered in the bedrock; when excavated usual, most helpful. School Secretary Bob would not have traded for anything, al- lower down the hill they have usually been Bridges not only worked hard to make the though it is unfortunate that we never got interpreted as sockets for anchoring wooden program run nearly flawlessly, he also intro- to the Parthenon, owing to a guard strike and bleachers (ikria), set up for spectators watch- duced the students to Brauron and Thorikos a very odd sequence of events. ing parades or chariot races along the continued on page 10 Panathenaic Way (Athenaios 4. 167f). e

7 Blegen Library News ter is insufficient for our needs and the needs online bibliographic databases. OCLC’s of our readers. We have sent out letters to WorldCat is a recent acquisition. A computer the companies that have developed commer- with Internet access will be added to the Li- CAMILLA MACKAY cial library software that supports both Ro- brary so that visitors can take advantage of BLEGEN LIBRARIAN man and Greek characters (the choice is lim- these new databases. In order to support the ited, for better or worse; there are very few archaeological work of the American School, Following Nancy Winter as Librarian of the such companies). Anna Nadali, representing publications relating to the medieval and Blegen Library has been a tall order. Unfor- the Gennadeion, and Information Technol- post-medieval archaeology of Greece will tunately I was not able to overlap with Nancy, ogy Manager Tarek Elemam will be part of now form a part of the Blegen’s collections. but librarians Mimi Photiades, Liz Gignoli, the search. On the recommendation of Corinth Excava- and Phyllis Graham, secretary Eleni Maran-


tions Director Guy D.R. Sanders, we have tou, library assistant Maria Tourna, and re- just purchased almost the entire back run of ceptionists Elena Kourakou and Stavros Print and Electronic Acquisitions the Italian journal Archeologia Medievale. Oikonomidis have made my first few months The Blegen Library website is being up- as Librarian as smooth as possible, not to I am expanding the scope of the Blegen col- dated frequently, and contains information mention all the rest of the American School lection in two areas: online databases and about new features and new acquisitions staff. It is a privilege to be a part of such a medieval and post-medieval archaeology. We (www.ascsa.edu.gr/blegen/). I welcome com- fine group. Stefanie Kennell did a wonderful will move from CD-ROM access to more ments and suggestions for the Blegen. It is a job of coordinating acquisitions and keeping reliable, and more widely available, Internet challenge, but also a great opportunity, to accounts in order for the six months between access for our present databases where pos- work in such an important library. e Nancy Winter’s departure and my arrival, and sible, and we are beginning to purchase trained me in the details of the system, stay- ing around for another couple of weeks to organize our exchange files. Repairs necessary following the Septem- Mellon Visiting Scholar Makes Most ber 1999 earthquake are in the immediate future. We hope to take advantage of the of Research Fellowship presence of the contractors and expand shelf space in the Library by finishing the base- Last spring Nikola Theodossiev, of Sofia University, spent three busy months at the School as a ment of the New Extension and making it recipient of a Research Fellowship under the Mellon East-Central European Visiting Scholars ready for compact shelving. Space is already Program, as he recounts here. tight: only 22 percent of the existing shelf space in the Library is now free, and at the During my stay at the School I was able to and monuments of those cities. rate the Blegen now acquires books and jour- concentrate a great deal of effort on my The fellowship also made it possible for nals, this space will only last for another few project, “The Tholos Tombs of Ancient me to meet and consult many colleagues, years. Disruptions to readers should be kept Thrace.” My Mellon Research Fellowship several of whom were particularly interested to a minimum, since I am sure that Mimi’s provided me with the opportunity to con- in my research topic. Conversations with and Liz’s experience of past construction and duct research in great libraries, visit colleagues I encountered both on my trav- changes in the Blegen will ensure that every- archaeological museums and sites, meet els and at the School (where I presented my thing runs smoothly. helpful and interesting colleagues, give a lec- topic in an open seminar) yielded valuable


ture on my research topic, and attend sev- information and diverse opinions that will eral conferences. prove very helpful as I pursue further study ARGOS Project I was able to conduct the main part of my on this topic. library research in the School’s Blegen Li- In addition to pursuing my research, I at- In the near future one of our biggest chal- brary, one of the world’s richest libraries on tended an international conference in lenges will be to establish a new library man- classical studies and archaeology. The re- Rhodes on “Religion and Rationalism in agement system. Computers now play almost sources of the School’s Computer Lab en- Ancient Greece,” organized by the Univer- a secondary role in the processes of the abled me to scan a number of pictures related sity of the Aegean and CIERGA, where I pre- Blegen Library, apart from the orders database to my study. I was also able to consult the sented “Mountain Goddesses in Ancient maintained by Phyllis. Although we will not libraries of the British School and the French Thrace: the Broader Context.” While in Ath- abandon the card catalogue, it is essential that School for some additional material. ens, I was able to attend the annual meetings we establish a working, user-friendly online The opportunity to travel to a number of of the Canadian, Australian, and Netherlands catalogue for our members and readers. We archaeological museums and sites through- archaeological institutes. will also benefit by seeing our processes out Greece also proved extremely valuable As a Mellon Visiting Scholar, I can say streamlined, including acquisitions, cata- to my research, as I was able to examine first- from experience that the Mellon Research Fel- loguing, and serials processing. While we will hand many finds and monuments and take lowships are of great value for East-Central remain a member of the ARGOS project and a lot of pictures. I visited the many incom- European scholars, not only because they will continue to contribute our holdings to parable museums of Athens and archaeologi- support their study during a difficult period the ARGOS union catalogue, we are increas- cal museums at Nemea, Epidauros, Rhodes, of transition, but also because these fellow- ingly finding that the ABEKT software pro- Kos, Samos, Samothrace, Thessaloniki, ships open the boundaries between East and vided by the National Documentation Cen- Amphipolis, and Chios, as well as the sites West and between different cultures. e

8 Reports from the possible male and 7 were female or possible female. From these data, a demographic pro- Wiener Laboratory file will be constructed detailing mortality and morbidity rates, life expectancy, mean Analyzing the Franchthi adult age, and stature. The osteological re- Cave Population mains have also been examined and evidence of pathology on bones and teeth has been ANASTASIA PAPATHANASIOU recorded. Special attention was given to ane- EPHOREIA OF PALAEOANTHROPOLOGY AND SPELEOLOGY, mic conditions, osteoarthritis, activity mark- MINISTRY OF CULTURE ers, growth arrest episodes, dental disease, localized infections, and trauma. Finally, The site of Franchthi Cave is located on the morphological genetically controlled charac- coast of the southern tip of the Argolid pen- teristics were recorded because they function insula in the eastern Peloponnese. Investi- as possible markers of population variation, gated from 1967 to 1979 by an exemplary genetic affinities, and inbreeding. prehistoric excavation, it consists of a large In addition, a paleodietary reconstruction cave 150 meters long and an open settle- has been performed on the Franchthi popu- ment in the surrounding area. The well- lation, using carbon and nitrogen stable iso- documented stratigraphic sequence has re- tope analysis of human bone collagen and vealed evidence of human occupation, start- carbonate apatite. Eighteen individuals have ing from 25,000 to 5,000 years before present Photo: Anastasia Papathanasiou been examined and the results yield evidence (B.P.), extending to a broad cultural period The first known burial in Greece comes for a terrestrial, predominantly C3 diet fo- from the Upper Paleolithic until the Final from Franchthi Cave: a Lower Mesolithic cused on plant resources such as wheat, bar- Neolithic Age, periods for which archaeo- (9,500–9,000 B.P.) male, 25–30 years of ley, and olives, and almost certainly some logical material is scarce and little known. age, showing cranial trauma. animals. At this point it is not possible to Apart from the habitation debris, the site has determine how much terrestrial animal pro- yielded mortuary evidence and fairly well changes in dietary habits. While Pre- tein they incorporated into their diet, but the preserved human osteological material, re- Neolithic people utilized a variety of wild data suggest that the amount was negligible. mains of the inhabitants of the cave, dating species throughout the year, the strategy of On the other hand, the very negative nitro- from 10,000 to 5,000 B.P. In the past, J.L. many Neolithic societies was to reduce the gen values indicate that very little or no Angel and D. Cook had studied this popula- diversity of their diets. Neolithic diets tended marine food was incorporated in the diet tion, and I took over this summer after I was to be starchy and deficient in protein, essen- despite proximity to marine resources. The contacted by the Managing Committee of the tial amino acids, and iron. Reliance on eas- analysis suggests that the cave and the sur- Franchthi excavation. The entire population ily stored and processed carbohydrates with rounding area were occupied by an agricul- was transferred to the Wiener Lab, where I poor or marginal nutritional value brought tural group (or groups) with a land-based spent last summer meeting with each one of long-term malnutrition and related patholo- economy and subsistence, which gives their the Franchthi individuals, or parts of them, gies such as growth arrest lines, anemic con- diet a largely terrestrial component. Thus, it and learning about their life stories. In total, ditions, infectious diseases, growth retarda- is likely that the subsistence strategy of the the population consists of 29 Neolithic and tion, and dental caries. However, while skel- Franchthi population was primarily terres- 9 Mesolithic formal burials, as well as ap- etal lesions and skeletal markers of stress are trial, with only occasional or periodic ex- proximately 300 fragments of scattered hu- usually reported in higher frequencies in ploitation of animal and marine protein man bone, representing at least another 12 agricultural populations, there are some ag- resources. individuals. This material represents a broad ricultural populations that exhibit good nu- The completion of the study of the period of time covering all cultural periods— trition and more successful adaptations. Franchthi population will add temporal and from Paleolithic hunting and gathering, to With this scope, the focus of this study is geographical breadth to current bioarchaeo- Mesolithic foraging and partial cultivating, the reconstruction of the paleodemographic logical questions and contribute another to Neolithic food production and sedentism and paleopathological profile of the Franch- facet of the overall impact of Neolithic — and thus it is ideal for the investigation thi population, in order to reconstruct the changes on human life, health, and biology. of the transition and the impact of the biological framework of the population, its The analysis of the demographic and paleo- Neolithic lifeways on human health. characteristics, the stresses to which it was pathological data will shed light on past The Neolithic Age is one of the most ac- subjected, and the interaction between cul- human biology, health, and lifeways, while tive periods of human history in terms of the ture, health, and adaptation. A standard the comparison and correlation of the data sociopolitical dynamics of cultural develop- analysis has been undertaken in order to sets from the different time and cultural pe- ment. During the Neolithic, economies describe the basic demographic parameters riods reflected in the Franchthi Cave record changed to include domesticated plants and of the population. The results have shown will produce a picture of the biological animals, which frequently led to a variety of that the Mesolithic population consisted of changes that took place through time and technological developments as well as in- 7 adults (3 male and 4 female) and 3 sub- help evaluate the degree to which the afore- creased sedentism. These changes had a great adults. The Neolithic population, on the mentioned population was adapting to the impact on human life, particularly health, other hand, consisted of 20 adults and 20 Neolithic transformations. social organization, and economy. Domesti- sub-adults. From the adults for whom sex cation and sedentism also resulted in was possible to determine, 3 were male or continued on page 11

9 2000–2001 Whitehead Professors Report on Busy Year In addition to leading seminars in their areas of expertise, last year’s Whitehead Visiting Professors advanced their own research and took advantage of many opportunities to interact with the School community, as shown by these excerpts from their reports to the Director of the School, James D. Muhly, and the Managing Committee.

how Greek warfare changed between Homer and Thucydides, examining equipment, for- tifications, campaigns, sieges, and battles. A highlight of the course was the day we vis- ited the reconstructed trireme Olympias, for Carolyn Koehler (University of Maryland) came along and gave us an excellent report on the reconstructed fourth-century trading vessel now rotting a few meters away. Each student gave at least three oral re- ports, and the class produced final papers on an eclectic mix of topics, ranging from the role of beans in Greek agriculture and war- fare to fortifications in fifth-century Sicily and their influence on the Greek mainland. In addition to teaching, I went on the first Fall trip and the first half of the fourth. In continued on page 15 Photo: Marie Mauzy Squeezes of inscriptions helped Whitehead Professor Paula Perlman’s research. Summer Sessions In my Whitehead application I noted that the scape and the topography firsthand! continued from page 7 facet of the American School that I most re- Both seminar and School trip were ex- and led them on a much-appreciated walk- gretted not having had the opportunity to tremely useful in my on-going research for my ing tour of Athens. Summer Session speak- participate in was its teaching program. In- book on the social and political organization ers are a tremendous source of expertise; the deed, working with the extraordinary group of the Cretan city-states. Prior to my year as students found them nearly always stimulat- of students assembled at the School in 2000– Whitehead Professor, my focus was on the ing and interesting, sometimes inspiring. The 2001 was a most rewarding experience. individual city-states as more or less discrete importance of the speakers to this program I participated in the Argolid trip during entities. Teaching the Whitehead seminar cannot be overstressed. the Fall term and in several of the Athenian helped me to begin the process of putting the I followed in general the accumulated and Attic topography sessions in the winter. discrete units together to form larger patterns. wisdom of decades of Summer Sessions em- But the real high point of the year for me was During the year, I also completed three bodied in the recommended itinerary. I did the seminar that I offered on post-Minoan papers: “Gortyn. The First Seven Hundred follow the lead of last year’s Summer Session Crete and the School’s trip to Crete that took Years Part II. The Laws from the Temple of II Director, Tim Winters (Austin Peay State place midway through the term. Eight Regu- Apollo Pythios,” to appear in volume 6 of the University), and scheduled an overnight in lar Members and two Associate Members Papers of the Copenhagen Polis Center; “The Matala, thereby easing the scheduling of sites formed the core of the seminar, with several Cretan Colonists of Sicily: Prosopography, in the Mesara (and giving the students a other students and professors sometimes Onomastics and Myths of Colonization,” to treat). In addition, following a suggestion I joining us. The students, who represented appear in the posthumous festschrift for made in my report after directing the Sum- different fields within the discipline—pre- Ronald F. Willetts; and “Writing on the Walls. mer Session in 1992 (and fulfilling a prom- historic and classical archaeology, ancient The Architectural Context of Archaic Cretan ise I made to myself), I included Meteora in history, classical philology—proved to be a Laws,” submitted for the proceedings of the the itinerary. The students considered this e very lively, engaged, and engaging group. “Crete 2000” conference. site one of their favorites, and I have no re- We explored a wide range of topics, such grets about taking the time to do it. as socioeconomic models of Dark Age soci- — Paula Perlman University of Texas at Austin I am grateful that the School has once ety on Crete, Crete in epic poetry, the cult of again honored me with this wonderful op- Aphrodite and Hermes at Kato Syme, the


portunity to show to a group of students and Cretan koinon, and the oath in Cretan laws. scholars a land that I love. I was pleased to And the trip to Crete—what a wonderful Teaching graduate students — a first for me see how these people, who rapidly became addition to the seminar! I helped Assistant — proved to be every bit the stimulating ex- my friends, likewise came to love Greece, Professor Brendan Burke plan, organize, and perience I’d hoped for. I found this group if only in some small way through my lead the trip. We included a good number of well prepared, hard-working, and genuinely efforts. e post-Minoan sites, which dovetailed nicely interested in their studies. Nine Regular with the course content. There is simply Members and two Associate Members took —Clayton M. Lehmann nothing better than experiencing the land- my course on Greek warfare. We investigated Director, Summer Session II

10 Wiener Lab Reports is famous from one of the labors of Herakles connection to Herakles. Perhaps the bones continued from page 9 – to eradicate the Stymphalian birds. Over may produce the remains of some 30,000 bones have been shipped to Athens Stymphalian bird, but so far predominantly Making Royal Purple from for the analysis of the faunal remains from domesticates (cattle, goat, sheep, and dog) Murex Species the town and acropolis of Stymphalos. A have been recovered. Hunted species like temple believed to have been sacred to wild boar, hare, and red deer, and occasion- DEBORAH RUSCILLO Athena has been recovered there, but the ally bird and fish remains, have been recov- UNIVERSITY OF WINNIPEG search continues for some archaeological ered as well. continued on page 14 In the months of July and August 2001, ac- companied by assistant Liz Watson, I ven- tured to Kommos, Crete in search of Murex Student Reports Fountain, and a “new view” of the North marine gastropods. The purpose of this jour- continued from page 6 Market Nymphaeum, afforded by the clear- ney was to collect and extract dye from ing of the early twentieth-century warehouse Murex species, a project for which I was tury A.D. My research, however, has indicated that incorporates the ancient remains. awarded an INSTAP post-doctoral fellowship that this incarnation of Peirene came about As the Broneer Fellow at the American for 2001. Murex were collected in baited pots considerably later, probably within the later Academy in Rome this year, I have the op- and baskets in sub-littoral waters, as well as fourth century A.D. This finding transforms portunity to look back on Corinth from the by hand collection at depths of three meters. our image of a period of Corinthian history old imperial capital. Throughout the Roman Dye was drawn out by breaking the shells that has long been a poorly understood “dark period, even as Corinth was gradually “hel- and extracting the hypobranchial gland, age” but increasingly shows signs of cultural lenized,” several monuments reflect remark- which produces the precious fluid. The liq- continuity and relative prosperity. able Italian, or Western, influences. For ex- uid is best described as a mucus that appears Monuments like Peirene and the Foun- ample, a water-spouting Skylla group, at- diaphanous when first extracted but, when tain of Glauke, where stories of Corinth’s tested on Corinthian coins of the second and oxidized, turns a wonderful ultraviolet color. mythic past were told and retold, were third centuries, finds its closest parallels in If swatches are dipped in the concoction of complemented by numerous other water- the water-grottoes of imperial villas near mucus straight away, the legendary Biblical displays, ranging from modest basins and Rome. As for Peirene, not only the Early Blue is produced. This blue (tekhelet) is wo- water-spouting statues to an impressive Roman façade but a gorgeous series of ven into prayer cloths by rabbis of the Jew- Fountain of Neptune, the delicate South Stoa second-century marine-fish paintings and ish religion. If the glands and mucus are Fountain, and a grand Nymphaeum beside the very design of the Late Roman triconch steeped for a few days, the dipped swatches the North Market. Indeed, highlights of my court reflect a long-term debt to the Roman become the age-old Royal Purple. Royal year in Greece included the opportunity to West. A better understanding of such Corin- Purple was worn by kings and rulers from work with Corinth’s conservators, Stella thian monuments is to be found in the an- as early as the Early Bronze Age in the east- Bouzakis and Koula Assiatides, on the clean- cient homes, gardens, baths, and fountains ern Mediterranean region, the Levant, and ing and consolidation of the South Stoa of mainland Italy and Sicily. e Mesopotamia, and was highly favored on garments by the emperors of Rome. Combining the glands and mucus with different ingredients such as salt, water, urine, and/or vinegar affects the hues pro- duced, as does the amount of time the glands are steeped and the period of swatch immer- sion. Hues ranging from blush pink to black- ish purple and light blue to navy can be pro- duced according to each recipe. All recipes are incredibly odiferous, and the task of col- lecting and extracting is difficult enough! We found that each Murex can produce about one gram of dye, contrary to recent specula- tion that thousands are needed for a gram. With 300 specimens, one can dye a deep vio- let silk blouse; with 1000 specimens, one can produce a lavender-color cotton dress; with 10,000 specimens, one can dye a purple woolen cloak, or enough wool yarn to weave one. In addition to my dye research, I also re- ceived an associateship with the Wiener Lab this past summer to study the archaeologi- Photo: Betsey Robinson cal animal bone remains from the Hellenis- The fountain of Peirene. tic site of Stymphalos. The name of the site

11

Mellon Professor Merle Langdon, speaker at the Open Meeting of

eople & Places the School in March 2001, chats with Hans Goette (Deutsches

archäologisches Institut, Athens), who was among the attendees.

P

Deborah Ruscillo (University of Winni- peg) presented “To Dye For: Making Royal Purple and Biblical Blue from Murex sp.” at the Tenth Annual Wiener Laboratory Lecture, October 2001.

Blegen Librarian Emeritus Mary Zelia Philippidis, Head Librarian (on leave) Nancy Winter and new Head Librarian Camilla MacKay personified Blegen history as they attended a lecture in honor of Mrs. Philippidis in October 2001.

Judy (Grand) Rubenstein Jane Buikstra (University of New Mexico) (ASCSA SS 1951), a retired spoke on “The Kings of Copan: A Bio- Latin teacher from St. Louis, archaeological Perspective” at the Wiener Missouri, attended a Harvard Laboratory Open House, September 28, cruise, “Islands of the Gods,” 2001. A reception in her honor followed. with her husband in Sep- tember 2001 and rekindled old memories with a visit to the School while in Athens. Two recent School alumni/ae, Natalie Taback and John Hansen (both ASCSA Associate Members in Fall 2000), were among the lecturers on the cruise.

All photos by Marie Mauzy unless otherwise specified. Acropolis at Orchomenos

12 Photo: Craig Mauzy Photo: Craig Mauzy Trustees Lloyd Cotsen (Chair of the Gennadius Library Trustees) and During the June Trustees’ Meetings, Gennadius Library Trustees Elizabeth Gebhard and President of the ASCSA Trustees James R. Apostolos Doxiades, Edmund “Mike” Keeley, and Ted McCredie were at the School for the Trustees’ Meetings in June 2001. Athanassiades enjoyed a party in the School’s garden.

Photo: John Coleman Thomas Brogan, Director of the INSTAP East School Members and staff explored the acropolis at Orchomenos during the Fall trip to Crete Study Center, was a speaker at the Sep- central Greece, led by Mellon Professor Merle Langdon. tember memorial for former ASCSA Director William D.E. Coulson in the School’s garden.

NEH Fellow Sulochana Asirvatham and Associate Member SS II Director Clayton Lehmann (University of South Dakota) and Alexandra Lesk ring in the new school year at a welcome garden David Romano (University of Pennsylvania; Director of the Corinth party in September. Computer Project) say farewell to summer at the August garden party.

13 W I N T E R e 2 0 0 2 GGennadeionennadeion NewsNews A SPECIAL INSERT TO THE NEWSLETTER OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

Gennadeion Acquires Rare Winckelmann Volume

generous gesture by the Philoi (Friends) of the AGennadius Library in honor of former School Director William D.E. Coulson, combined with quick action on the part of the Library, recently resulted in the addition of a rare book to the Gennadeion’s collection. I had come across a 1765 translation of Johann Joachim Gennadius Expansion Enters Construction Stage Winckelmann’s Reflections on the painting and sculpture of the hase II in the Gennadius plans for the lecture hall. Cur- Above: Design for Cotsen Hall. Greeks, with Instructions for the Library building project rently consulting architect to Architectural rendering: Y. Vikellas connoisseur, and an essay on Grace Pstepped closer to reality in Athens’ Megaron Mousikis for in works of art in a bookdealer’s December with the awarding of a the construction of the new Ath- and their family. The East Wing catalogue. The book, although contract to the highly regarded ens Opera House and the Athens will also house the Gennadeion continued on page G3 Athens-based construction com- Conference Center, Arts Team Archives, one of the Library’s pany, J&P. J&P was previously has designed over a hundred most important components. responsible for construction in theaters in Great Britain and The renovated East Wing will Phase I, the renovation and un- Europe. Ove Arup & Partners also contain a conservation lab derground expansion of the International Ltd., one of the for book repairs, offices for staff Library’s 1926 Main Building, best-known engineering firms in and visiting scholars, and space completed in 1999. Ground break- Europe, advised on structural for computer terminals that will ing for Phase II, which includes engineering; and Theatre Plan- provide access to the Library’s the renovation of the East Wing ning and Technology Ltd and electronic catalogue and other and construction of the Cotsen Lightmatters, two London firms electronic resources. The existing Auditorium, named for Board with broad experience in outfit- East Wing, built in the 1970’s, Chairman Lloyd E. Cotsen, will ting auditoria of all types, con- will be completely gutted. take place on February 9, 2002, sulted on Phase II’s audiovisual With the construction for in the presence of the President and lighting systems. Phase II underway, detailed plan- of Greece, Constantine Stephano- Final plans for the renovated ning is beginning for Phase III, poulos. Work is expected to be East Wing include a Rare Book which will transform the existing finished by late 2003. Reading Room, to be named after West Wing into exhibition halls, The construction phase cul- the late John B. Mandilas, thanks and Phase IV, which involves minates many months of effort to Kosmocar S.A., and an exten- restoration of the gardens. A involving a number of European sion to the main reading room, to committee headed by Gennadius architectural and engineering be named after the late Dory Papa- Library Trustee Helen Philon has firms. The project’s lead architect, stratou, thanks to gifts from her already begun raising funds to- Greece’s Yiannis Vikellas, worked family. A new Seminar Room will ward the garden campaign, with Title page from the rare 1765 in consultation with Arts Team, a be named in memory of Mary the hope that the project will be Winckelmann volume. British firm specializing in the- and Stratos Athanassiades, thanks completed in time for the Athens Photo: Marie Mauzy ater design, to produce the final to Elaine and Ted Athanassiades Olympics in 2004. e G2 G E N N A D E I O N N E W S

Work Continues on Schliemann Gennadeion 75th: A Photo Gallery Papers On June 18, School staff and With the help of a three-year distinguished guests gathered on grant from the Institute for the grounds of the Gennadius Aegean Prehistory (INSTAP), the Library in celebration of the Archives are undertaking impor- Library’s 75th birthday. Festivi- tant work on the Schliemann ties began with an alfresco recep- Papers. Our foremost goal is to tion, which marked the opening improve access to Schliemann’s of an exhibition of selected items vast correspondence (35,000 from the collections of John documents). For the incoming Gennadius, curated by bibliog- correspondence, the former ar- rapher Leonora Navari (who chivist of the Gennadius Library, also wrote the exhibition cata- Christina Vardas, had prepared a logue). The birthday fete, as well very useful card catalogue. For as the exhibition and catalogue, the outgoing correspondence, were generously underwritten there was, however, no finding- All photos Haris Akriviadis by The Samourkas Foundation. aid of any kind for the scholars. Schliemann kept copies of his outgoing correspondence in Continued on page G4

Development Officer Joins School Staff In October, the Princeton office welcomed Susan Bombieri as a Development Assistant, respon- sible for grant writing and devel- opment efforts on behalf of the Gennadius Library. Her position Photo, above-left: Theodore Samourkas. Photo, above-right: Margarita Samourkas, Catherine is funded by generous donations Vanderpool, and Ambassador Alexander Philon, Greece’s emissary to Washington, D.C. from several Gennadius Library trustees as well as a grant from the Jesse Ball Dupont Fund. The grant also covers the costs of a new software system for fund raising and general administra- tive purposes. Prior to joining the School staff, Ms. Bombieri spent four years as a grant writer and devel- opment specialist for Recording for the Blind and Dyslexic, also located in Princeton. Other pre- vious experience includes data- base consulting for the practice development department of a mid-size law firm and editing for a national consumer magazine. Photo, above-left: Director of the Library, Haris Kalligas, guides Minister of Culture Eleftherios Ms. Bombieri also lived in Italy Venizelos around the exhibition. Photo, above-right: A guest takes a few moments to admire one for many years and has taught of the 75 treasures on display. Italian to children and adults .e G E N N A D E I O N N E W S G3

Photographic Archive Organized Kites Away! ypically, it is an archive’s On October 2000, I was as- The New York–area friends of the Gennadius Library have begun most fragile items that are signed to update the database, plans for a second annual Clean Monday celebration, to be held Tthe most frequently asked which numbered 143 entries at March 18 at Estiatorio Milos in New York City. The event, under for. In order to protect these the time. My task was to identify the patronage of the Ambassador of Greece and Mrs. Alexander often-unique items, the Library’s and classify the slides and then Philon, will showcase special cuisine prepared under the direction Archives established a preserva- put into archival storage for pro- of Milos’ owner, Costas Spiliades, as well as musical entertainment tion policy whereby both texts tection. After nearly a year of by the Mylos All-Star Band. Proceeds from the celebration will and pictures are microfilmed or hard work, during which I used support the Gennadius Library’s building campaign. photographed only once, in or- the electronic catalogue to find Clean Monday, a national holiday in Greece, marks the end of der to retain the content without possible sources and then me- Carnival and the beginning of the Lenten season. In Athens, the risk of damage to the original thodically searched the books Gennadius Library opens its gardens each year to the neighboring item from repeated copying. All one by one in the stacks, the data- community for a day-long “glendi” featuring a rich buffet of subsequent reproductions of the base numbered 2,580 entries, with Lenten specialties and dancing to the music of famed musician item are then made using the very few slides still unidentified. Domna Samiou and her orchestra. The inauguration of Clean Library’s negative copy. In conjunction with the mas- Monday festivities at Estiatorio Milos last year brought the won- The need for the development sive database update, some of the derful traditions and festive spirit of the holiday to the Library’s of a photographic archive, where most celebrated image collec- U.S. friends. all negatives would be classified, tions of the Library have been For more information, please contact Susan Bombieri at (609) was identified at a very early brought together, including the 683-0800 or at [email protected]. e stage of this process. Archivist Lear and the Makriyannis paint- Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan and ings, Buondelmonti’s Liber Insu- Assistant Archivist Maria Voltera larum, Grimani’s Raccolta delli Winckelmann Volume teenth-century Neoclassicism, set the standards for such an disegni della pianta di tutte le piazze (continued from page G1) and Winckelmann himself was a archive and created a database to del regno di Morea . . ., and a se- slightly expensive, was in very hero of the classical revival that input all the data for the nega- lection of Haygarth’s original good condition and was desirable gripped the art world at the time. tives that had been accumulated sketches of Greek scenery and for the Gennadeion’s collection, The volume acquired by the through the years. The problem costumes. as John Gennadius himself had Gennadeion, published in Lon- was that in most of the cases the Of course, during this retro- collected similar works. don in 1765, is the predecessor negatives came without any iden- spective effort, current applica- When the Philoi offered to of the History of Ancient Art and tification or evidence of their tions for photographs were also purchase a book for the Library was translated from the German origin. Considering the vast served. However, in order to in memory of Mr. Coulson, I original of the Abbé Winckel- holdings of the Gennadius Li- facilitate the whole process — thought of the Winckelmann mann by Henri Fusseli. The 293- brary, it is easy to imagine the both for the Archives staff and volume, which I felt was a most page book consists of an essay challenge of determining the for the readers—a much more appropriate one to honor the and various reflections on Greek source of the negatives from detailed application form was memory of an archaeologist, and painting and sculpture, an ac- among all the material in the introduced, which assists in up- the book was quickly acquired. count of a mummy in the Royal Library, including books, loose dating the database promptly and The Abbé Winckelmann, Cabinet of Antiquities at Dresden, e prints, paintings, and scrap- comprehensively . Librarian of the Vatican, has been instructions for the connoisseur, books. — Katerina Papatheophani known as the father of archaeol- and an essay on grace. The first ogy and his ideas formed one of essay in the book, “On the imita- the major forces in German intel- tion of the painting and sculpture lectual life in the eighteenth of the Greeks,” is a translation century. His major work, the from the German original History of Ancient Art, published Gedanken über die Nachahmung in German in 1764, soon ac- der griechischen Werke in der quired an international reputa- Malerei und Bildhauerkunst, pub- tion. It was such a success that lished in 1755. Winckelmann was immediately The only way to become great, involved in doing further re- according to Winckelmann, is the search and adding to it with a imitation of the ancients, and by view to re-publication. A new that he meant imitation of the edition of his History came out Greeks. It was this brief work posthumously in 1776. The book that contained the seeds of all remained for some fifty or so Winckelmann’s ideas and initi- ated his spectacular career. e From Haygarth Catalogue of Sketches, “Odeum of Herodes Atticus or years after his death as the stan- Theatre of Bacchus, according to Stuart.” dard text on the art of antiquity. — Sophie Papageorgiou, Librarian (Gennadius Library Photographic Archive No 90 GT 2051q) It was the bible of late eigh- G4 G E N N A D E I O N N E W S

Philoi Launch Activities Under New Leadership

ast June, the newly elected day also marked the launch of Board of Directors of the “The Engineer Francesco Basil- L Philoi (Friends) of the icata in the Gennadius Library,” Gennadius Library inaugurated written by Philoi President Stella its lecture season with a look at A. Chrysochoou and dedicated to libraries ancient and modern. the memory of John Gennadius Philoi Vice President Andreas and the 75th birthday of the Zaimis, who is also President of Library. The Philoi offered 100 the “Friends of the Library of copies of the book in support of Alexandria,” organized a lecture the fund raising. given by Professor Evangelos A visit to Ancient Corinth Moutsopoulos, member of the rounded out the month’s activi- Academy of Athens, on the fasci- ties. Corinth Excavations Direc- nating history of the famous tor Guy D.R. Sanders introduced friend to all of us and a great Philoi volunteers contributed Library of the Greek Antiquity. the Philoi to the excavations of Philhellene. We cannot forget to fund-raising efforts at the Mr. Zaimis himself presented a the former Director, Charles K. our excursions to Crete in 1994 Gennadeion’s 75th anniversary fully detailed account of the Williams II, which focused on and to Laconia and Messenia in celebration. construction of the new, ultra- the Frankish period, as well as 1996; on these journeys, he in- Photo: Haris Akriviadis modern Library of Alexandria. his own excavations, which focus troduced us to his favorite places, On June 18 the Philoi joined on more recent times, namely the where his years of hard work many others in the Library and Greek revolutionary period of the were accompanied by the assis- The Philoi have already School community who con- nineteenth century. With his tance and love of the local planned a number of activities vened to celebrate the 75th birth- perfect Greek, and his love for people. for the forthcoming winter, in- day of the Gennadius Library. and dedication to his work, he In his memory the Philoi do- cluding a lecture in January by Philoi volunteers and Library explained the significance of the nated to the Gennadius Library the paleographer Agamemnon staff members helped organize a city of Corinth in Greek history, the 1765 English translation of a Tselikas on the libraries of the successful book sale to benefit not only in early antiquity or the book by Johann Joachim Winckel- Patriarchates of Jerusalem and the Library. The Philoi offered Roman period, but through the mann, Reflections on the painting Alexandria, and the annual lec- 120 copies of their first two pub- centuries, due to the importance and sculpture of the Greeks, with ture in memory of John Gen- lications, an annotated catalogue of its geographical position. Instructions for the connoisseur, nadius in February, with Secre- of the Kyriazi-Spentsas collection The Philoi were deeply sad- and an essay on Grace in works of tary General of the Historical and by Leonora Navari and a collec- dened by the tragic death of art. We also hope to organize a Ethnological Society of Greece, tion of the first four lectures in former School Director William lecture in memory of Mr. Coulson Ioannes Mazarakis-Ainian, as the memory of John Gennadius. The D.E. Coulson. He was a real later this winter. featured speaker. e

Schliemann Papers copybooks, using a certain copy- tronic cataloguing of the outgo- Athens cataloguing letters writ- (continued from page G2) ing method that was not always ing correspondence. The Ar- ten in Russian. very effective. As a result, the chives assigned this project to We are currently spending archive presents scholars with Stefanie Kennell, a multilingual funds awarded for year two of very fragile and blotched docu- and dedicated scholar, who al- the INSTAP grant. It is our belief ments that are often difficult to ready has been able to read and and intent that by the end of the read. The absence of any finding- catalogue more than 6,000 let- project in 2003, a great deal of aid has also limited the access to ters. While working on the new information on Heinrich these documents. project, Ms. Kennell developed a Schliemann will be available to Our grant proposal to INSTAP personal interest in Schliemann. the scholarly world. e involved a two-stage project. Recently, she delivered a lecture First, the card catalogue of the at the Canadian Archaeological — Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan, Archivist incoming correspondence had to Institute on Schliemann’s Paris be transferred to an electronic years, an understudied period in format, as a database. This part of Schliemann’s life. The Archives This publication of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens is produced the project has been completed, also secured Russian scholar Igor semiannually. Address all correspondence to thanks to the hard work of Peter Bogdanov for the Russian part of Newsletter Editor, ASCSA, 6–8 Charlton Street, Heinrich Schliemann Princeton, NJ 08540-5232. Tel: (609) 683- Schultz. The second and more Schliemann’s correspondence. In 0800 or e-mail: [email protected]. (Photo: H. Schliemann Papers, Gennadeion Archives) difficult task entails the elec- October, he spent two weeks in Wiener Lab Reports 2001–2002 Lecture Series continued from page 11 Examines Greek Frontiers Something Fishy in Molecular Sex The School’s 2001–2002 Lecture Series opened on October 2 with Deborah Aristotle Determination of Skeletal Ruscillo (University of Winnipeg) pre- Remains from Greek senting “To Dye For: Making Royal Purple JASON TIPTON Burial Sites and Biblical Blue from Murex sp.” at the TULANE UNIVERSITY Tenth Annual Wiener Laboratory Lecture, My summer was spent doing what many GEORGE D. ZOUGANELIS followed on October 19 by Mary B. Moore UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS, MEDICAL SCHOOL, (Hunter College), whose lecture “The people love doing during the summer: fish- LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Passas Painter: A Protoattic ‘Realist’?” was ing. Actually, I spent the entire 2000–2001 year — as a Fulbright fellow and Wiener given in honor of former Blegen Librar- Until recently, sex determination of skeletal Laboratory research associate—fishing. But ian Mary Zelia Philippidis. In November, remains in archaeological and forensic con- I wasn’t fishing in just any secret spot, nor Angeliki Andriomenou, Emeritus Ephor of texts was based on morphometric analysis. was I searching for just any fish. I was stalk- Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities of Although it is a routine procedure, problems ing a non-food fish, a goby, in Aristotle’s old Thebes, spoke on “The Archaic Tombs of are often encountered when bones are physi- stomping grounds, Lesvos. Akraiphia and the Attic Grave Stele of cally damaged or missing, or belong to im- Most scholars agree that Aristotle spent Mnasitheios,” and in December Ingrid mature individuals. Since skeletal remains in several years on the northeast Aegean island Rowland (American Academy in Rome) such condition are often found in Greek ar- with Theophrastus after Plato’s death. It ap- gave the Pirie Lecture, speaking on chaeological sites, alternative methods for pears as if Aristotle spent a good deal of time “Raphael and Greek Antiquity.” sex determination should be explored. in Lesvos studying the great diversity of Lectures scheduled through the win- Today, with the advancement of molecu- plants and animals to be found there. One ter and spring include: January 22, Wolf lar biology, it is possible to isolate DNA from of the organisms that seems to have occu- D. Niemeier (Deutsches archäologisches skeletal remains and apply certain assays to pied Aristotle was a small, rather insignifi- Institut, Athens), “Hittites and Western determine sex. A DNA amplification method cant fish—the kobios, or goby. Aristotle dis- Anatolia prior to the Ionian Migration;” known as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cusses the habitat, diet, spawning, and even January 29, Askold Ivantchik (Institute of can be applied to target DNA sequences spe- the secondary sexual characteristics of this World History, Moscow), “Cimmerians cific for X and/or Y chromosomes. Although fish, which I have determined to be the gi- and Scythians: Herodotus and Archaeol- it might sound simple, this is not a very easy ant goby (Gobius cobitis). ogy;” February 5, Mary M. Voigt (College job to do. PCR is extremely sensitive and is By reexamining Aristotle’s descriptions of of William and Mary), “Gordion and the therefore prone to contamination by non- the fish, I hope to introduce a new genera- Phrygians;” February 12, George Despinis relevant human DNA material both in the tion of biologists to the richness and detail (University of Thessaloniki), “NeÒtera field and in the laboratory. Other problems of his biological observations. But more im- gia th zvfÒro tou BÆmatow tou Fa¤drou are the highly degraded state of DNA and the portantly, I am always interested in explor- sto DionusiakÒ Y°atro;” February 26, presence of inhibitors of unknown origin ing how Aristotle’s biological works—e.g., his Javier Teixidor (Collège de France), that interfere with PCR. Nevertheless, two History of Animals, Parts of Animals, and Pro- “Canaanites and Phoenicians: Homer, scientific groups recently have successfully gression of Animals—might illuminate and Archaeology and Epigraphy;” March 5, amplified sex-linked DNA from Greek skel- complement the more canonical treatises. Trustees Lecture, Crawford H. Greene- etal material: one amplified DNA from sev- I believe one way to explore the relation- walt, Jr. (University of California at Ber- eral skeletal remains ranging from 2,500 to ship between the biology and the philoso- keley), “Sardis and the Lydians;” March 14,000 B.P.; the other successfully typed 40% phy is through Aristotle’s notion of ergon, 19, Twenty-First Annual Walton Lecture, of the skeletal remains in Grave Circle B from which is usually translated as “function” or Philippos Iliou, “Bibl¤a me sundromht°w;” Mycenae. “work.” In an effort to show how the ergon March 29, Open Meeting on the work of At the Wiener Lab, in conjunction with of the goby is its work, its life history, I col- the School, Stephen V. Tracy (ASCSA the Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and lected data every month on the fish’s habi- Managing Committee Chairman and Di- Toxicology (University of Athens), we are tat, diet, spawning, and the other character- rector-Elect), “Studying Athenian Letter- currently employing two types of DNA meth- istics Aristotle identifies. I am also interested Cutters.” ods and two types of PCR assays in order to in the way that Aristotle uses the notion of A special feature of this year’s series is determine sex of skeletal remains from a mod- ergon in trying to give a causal account, in that a number of the lectures deal with the ern cemetery (Athens), a Classical Period site trying to explain the presence and mainte- broad subject “Exploring the Frontiers of (Almyros-Corfu), and a Mycenaean Period nance of the parts and behaviors of animals. the Greek World.” The purpose of this fo- (Agia Triada) burial site. The molecular data If we are to understand Aristotle, we must cus is to examine the new archaeological will be cross-referenced with morphological attempt to understand what he was doing and textual evidence for relationships be- data. In this way we will assess the preserva- when he was looking at the fish, inverte- tween Greece and her eastern neighbors. tion of DNA in the above excavation sites, brates, and other organisms of Lesvos. This Ultimately, the School hopes to include devise an optimum protocol for molecular effort will not be in vain because, whether lectures dealing with the Egyptians, the sex determination from Ancient Greek skel- one is a student of philosophy or of biology, Medes, the Persians, and the Kingdom of etal material, and provide sex information e it is clear to me that there is much in Aristotle Urartu as well. where morphological criteria fail. e that is of interest to contemporary study.

14 NEH Fellow Examines Ritual’s Influence in School Pioneer is Profiled Male Maturation A biography of John Wesley Gilbert, a stu- Greta Ham (Bucknell University), one of the dent at the School in 1891 and the first per- School’s 2000–2001 NEH Fellows, reports here son of African descent to attend the School, on the outcome of the year’s research. was featured in the Spring 2001 issue of The Classical Outlook, the journal of the Ameri- I was fortunate to spend last academic year can Classical League. Written by Michele at the School under a Senior Research Fel- Valerie Ronnick (Wayne State University), lowship from the National Endowment for the biography appeared as part of a series the Humanities (NEH). During my tenure of columns dedicated to examining the lives there, my research and writing focused on and achievements of America’s great clas- the role of Dionysiac cults within the social sicists, edited by Ward Briggs, Jr. integration of Athenian males. Thanks to the Ronnick’s profile of Mr. Gilbert (c. 1864– generosity of the NEH, the School, and Buck- 1923) reveals his deep desire for learning nell University, I was able dedicate the en- and traces his pursuit of a formal education, tire year to my research and writing and re- which began in the public schools of Au- turned to the States with a nearly complete gusta, Georgia. After a brief period of atten- book manuscript. I presented part of my dance at the Georgia Baptist Seminary (cut work to the School in a spring tea talk entitled short by lack of funds), he entered Paine Photo courtesy Brown University Archives “Boys to Men: The Role of Dithyrambic Cho- Institute (now Paine College) in 1883. John Wesley Gilbert participated in the ruses in Male Maturation in Ancient Athens.” There, his studious ways impressed the School’s excavations at Eretria in 1891. Often it has been assumed that the reli- school’s president, Rev. George Williams gious lives of girls in ancient Athens was Walker, so much that Rev. Walker lent him enough money to attend Brown University. richer than that of boys and that religion had After graduating from Brown with an A.B. in 1888, Mr. Gilbert returned to Augusta a greater role in the social integration of the to teach Greek at Paine Institute. In 1890 he won a scholarship to study at the Ameri- former. This assertion appears to be based on can School of Classical Studies, where he took part in the School’s excavations at Eretria the fact that women and girls were generally under the directorship of Charles Waldstein. His contributions to the work of the School circumscribed from official participation in were documented in a topographical map of the area, which was published in the Ameri- other sorts of public, socializing activities can Journal of Archaeology (1891, VII, plate xix) and on which the name John W. Gil- such as gymnasia and formal schooling. But bert is prominently displayed. e while the more secular aspects of female public lives may have been poorer than their male counterparts, it does not follow that women’s cultic lives were necessarily richer is divided into three main chapters on early Whitehead Professor than those of males. Ritual activities of the childhood, middle childhood, and adoles- continued from page 10 polis and its sub-civic social units provided cence, with a brief conclusion on the conti- the major forum by which Athens could nuity into adulthood. The festivals examined between I ran the Athens Marathon (“The shape her future citizens. Rites of passage include the Anthesteria, the Apatouria, the Original Course”). In the winter I went on often shifted major milestones of early life Oschophoria, and the City and Country several of the Wednesday trips (including out from the private, familial sphere and in- Dionysia. More “secular” sources (histori- Marathon, Salamis, and the Dema Wall), and troduced the future citizen to various pub- cal, philosophical, and biological testimonia) my entire family joined in the Crete trip. lic institutions of the democracy. Thus they on the lives of Athenian children serve as In December I gave a lecture on hoplite helped cement a sense of identity with comparanda to the festivals in each chapter, battle, “The Storm of War,” at the School, and groups such as the phratry, deme, and phyle discussing social and physiological develop- I also had the pleasure of speaking to a rather than regional or clan factions. At the mental stages and shedding light on what sig- middle-school class about bull leaping and same time, it is important not to underesti- nificance the various rituals may have held to a fourth-grade class about Greek armor mate the significance of pre-adolescent within boys’ lives. I critique these sources, and weapons. I spoke on “Fighting by the maturation rituals. While adolescent rites of especially as presenting a normative idealiz- Rules” at College Year in Athens and at the passage, marking out the transition to adult- ing view of child development. Nevertheless, American College of Thessaloniki. Meanwhile, hood, emphasize discontinuity in status and these remain valuable, particularly because my paper on “Deception in Archaic and Clas- identity of the initiand, they are but part of a religion also operates on an ideological level sical Greek Warfare” came out in War and Vio- longer process of maturation rituals that of- and more often reflects normative notions of lence in Classical Greece (Hans van Wees, ed.). ten emphasize continuity of gendered roles what should be rather than what is. Thus the Finally, my spring work involved comple- and identities. Rituals socialized boys ideals of our written sources — the very tion of a chapter on military campaigns in- through song, dance, competitions, and things which obscure the actual lives of chil- tended for the Cambridge History of Greek other acts that model adult gender roles. dren — provide precisely the information we and Roman Warfare, as well as on-going stud- After an introductory chapter on what need to understand the function that these ies of various aspects of Greek warfare. e maturation has to do with Dionysos, my work maturation rituals were to fulfill. e — Peter Krentz, Davidson College

15 Brendan Burke artistic and archaeological remains on dis- periods. In the last several months I have also continued from page 3 play here in Athens. Working with Sherry presented three papers at international con- During the fall I was invited by Merle and Fox Leonard of the Wiener Lab, we arranged ferences: at the SAA Meetings in New Or- Guy to give presentations on-site that con- for a session of science in archaeology that I leans I spoke about Phrygia, at the Colours centrated on prehistory in central Greece and think was particularly valuable for the Regu- in Antiquity conference in Edinburgh I the western Peloponnese. I also spoke on Greek lar Members, many of whom never really talked about murex purple dyeing, and at the sculpture and architecture at Olympia. knew what went on down in the Wiener Lab. 9th Cretological Congress in Elounda, Crete The fourth trip, to the Argolid and Also during the winter and spring, I was able I presented research on cloth production at Corinthia, was my own responsibility, but I to coordinate part of the School’s lecture pro- the Minoan palace of Petras. was assisted at Corinth by Guy and mem- gram, the after-tea talks, which involved Earlier this fall, working with Tarek bers of the Corinth Excavations. With nearly many of the School Fellows and some of the Elemam and the new Blegen Librarian, 30 American School Members we covered visiting researchers. Attendance was almost Camilla MacKay, I worked to improve com- most of the eastern Peloponnese, including always very good, and I know people very munication between all members of the a visit to Franchthi Cave and swimming at much enjoyed hearing about other people’s School. We have revised the School’s web Perachora in mid-November. On my trips I research. In February I led the School’s trip page to include up-to-date information about try to give a balanced view of Greece’s many to Crete, assisted by one of the Whitehead the School’s facilities, resources, and teach- different periods of history. While it is always Professors, Paula Perlman. We covered the ing program. We have also implemented a tempting to focus on one’s area of specializa- island from Phalasarna in the west to Itanos weekly announcement list, sent by e-mail, tion, such as Aegean prehistory, I want to in the east. In March, the Winter term ended of events going on in Athens. This method expose Members to other important periods, with a successful trip to the Saronic Gulf, of communication can be very valuable for including the Classical, Hellenistic, Roman, including visits to Aegina, Poros, Methana, getting in touch with people in a short pe- Byzantine, and Ottoman. I think the true Troizen, Halieis, and Hermione. riod of time. I think these improvements strength of the American School’s academic As with any academic position, I have also have been appreciated by members of the mission is its interdisciplinary range, cover- made time for my own research, preparing School, and I thank the staff in Athens who ing all of the rich periods of Greece’s past, my dissertation for publication and also be- have worked with me on these efforts. which gives students a well-rounded back- ginning a new field project in Turkey. In the I am benefiting greatly from my term here ground in history, art, and archaeology. summer of 2001 I returned to the University as the Assistant Professor. I know that change Back in Athens, during the Winter term, of Pennsylvania’s project at Gordion in cen- can sometimes be difficult in a place that has I participated in the Topography of Athens tral Turkey and worked as the Assistant Di- as much of a rich history as the American seminar by speaking on Prehistoric Athens rector of Excavations. Working with the School, and I am grateful that this new posi- and Attica at the Acropolis and in the Agora. Gordion excavations, directed by Mary Voigt, tion has been so warmly welcomed. The I also scheduled weekly museum visits with I am investigating craft production and cult American School is a great institution, and the Regular Members to take in the many activity during the Hellenistic and Galatian it is truly a privilege to work here. e

tant. Mr. Manias is a to-date on the latest ad- graduate of the University ministrative announce- of Athens, Department of ments and weekly events. Mathematics, and his pre- The E-Bulletin board also vious positions have in- provides access to the volved statistical analysis School’s annual calendar. and IT troubleshooting. One of the IT Depart- With IT becoming in- ment’s major projects this creasingly critical to School year is the network ex- operations, the addition pansion to the Gennadius of Mr. Manias is vital to Library. By using a leased the IT Department’s abil- line (T1 from OTE), the ity to serve the School Gennadeion will be con- community. We all look nected to the School’s main forward to his contribu- building. This means that tions in the ongoing strug- all computer services will Computer News Photo: Marie Mauzy gle to provide IT support be available to Library to School members, visi- Nikolas Manias has joined the staff and visitors. Staff will TAREK ELEMAM tors, and staff. School staff as Information be capable of accessing In- Technology Assistant. INFORMATION SERVICES & TECHNOLOGY MANAGER Also new as of last Oc- ternet services and e-mail, tober is the implementation of a local elec- and visitors will be able to access Library ser- The Information Technology (IT) Depart- tronic bulletin board, which was created by vices and other local databases. Instant mes- ment is pleased to announce the addition of the IT department and will be kept current saging will also be installed for quick and easy a new staff member: Nikolas G. Manias by the School’s administration office. This E- means of communication between the staff joined the School staff last fall as an IT assis- Bulletin board will keep staff members up- of the Gennadeion and the main building. e

16 Remembrances of DBT Opportunities for ASCSA On October 6, 2001, family and friends gath- Study, 2002–2003 ered at Bryn Mawr College to celebrate the life A wide range of opportunities exist for and work of Dorothy Burr Thompson, who died study at the American School of Classi- on May 10 at her home in Hightstown, New cal Studies at Athens. Jersey. A renowned classical archaeologist in Qualified candidates may apply for her own right, she was the widow of the leg- Regular, Student Associate, Senior Asso- endary archaeologist and Agora Excavations ciate, or Summer Session membership. Director Homer Armstrong Thompson, who Applications are also accepted annually died in 2000. The following excerpts from rec- for Wiener Laboratory Research Associate- ollections offered by former students Susan ships and for the Agora Volunteer Program. Rotroff (Washington University) and Jaimee The following fellowships are avail- Uhlenbrock (State University of New York, able to Regular Members: Heinrich New Paltz) and daughter Pamela Sinkler-Todd Schliemann and John Williams White attest to a full and multifaceted life well lived. Fellowships in archaeology, Thomas Day I first met Dorothy in the fall of 1970, when, Seymour Fellowship in history and lit- as a new graduate student in Classical Ar- erature, two Brunilde Ridgway Fellow- chaeology at Princeton, I enrolled in her ships in art history, seven Fellowships un- Photo courtesy Pamela Sinkler-Todd restricted as to field (the Virginia Grace, the seminar on the art of Alexandria. Dorothy’s Dorothy Burr Thompson, circa 1946. seminar was on an unlikely topic, I thought. Michael Jameson, the Philip Lockhart, Of course everyone knew Alexandria was the the Lucy Shoe Meritt, the Martin Ostwald, greatest city of the Hellenistic world, but they ages; that much and even more could be the James and Mary Ottaway, Jr., and the also knew that its monuments were hope- learned from small things in perhaps unlikely James Rignall Wheeler), and the Bert Hodge lessly buried under the modern city or sub- places. Hill Fellowship (unrestricted, but with merged in the sea. Better to imagine the Al- — Susan Rotroff a preference for a student in art history). exandria of Theokritos, or Cafavy, or even Several Advanced Fellowships are


of Lawrence Durrell (for whose Alexandria available to students who have com- Quartet Dorothy expressed eloquent disdain pleted the Regular Program or one year When I was asked if I would like to share as a Student Associate Member. They in the first meeting of the class), than to at- some memories of DBT with you, there were tempt to piece together the unpromising include the Samuel H. Kress Fellowship several precious moments in my relationship in art history, the Gorham Phillips scraps left behind for archaeologists. with her that immediately sprang to mind. How wrong I was. Dorothy was at that Stevens Fellowship in the history of ar- These were filled with her impressive deter- chitecture, the Homer A. and Dorothy B. time fresh from her study of the Ptolemaic mination, that aspect of her personality that oinochoai, and the ancient city was as clear Thompson Fellowship in the study of to me was most inspirational. pottery, and three Fellowships unre- and vivid in her mind as if it lay before her Perhaps the most precious memory I have in all its glory. Undaunted by flyspecked stricted as to field: the Edward Capps, the of her was of her last public appearance, Doreen Canaday Spitzer, and the Eugene plans from prewar publications, murky pho- when at the age of 90 in 1990, she was tographs of peculiar hybrid objects that Vanderpool Fellowships. awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Other fellowships available for study looked like nothing her students had ever Letters by my university, the State University seen, and a bibliography marked by its ob- at the School include the Harry Bikakis of New York. Some of you may recall that this (awarded periodically), Oscar Broneer, scurity and difficulty of access, she projected coincided with the opening of an exhibition that inner vision of the city for us, so that CAORC Regional Research (awarded by held in her honor at the Art Museum at CAORC), Anna C. and Oliver C. Colburn we caught, perhaps, just a glimmer of that Princeton University entitled “The Coro- hidden magnificence. And, of course, her (awarded every other year by AIA), M. plast’s Art, Greek Terracottas of the Hellenis- Alison Frantz, Fulbright (requires sepa- interest in Alexandria has proved prescient— tic World.” Since Dorothy had already had a recently richly validated by the work of two rate application for Regular or Student small stroke, I was advised by several people Associate Membership), Jacob Hirsch, competing teams of French archaeologists, to discourage her from speaking, since she who are now using all the glamour of mod- Kress Agora Publication, Mellon Re- sometimes lost her train of thought and search, NEH, Samuel H. Kress Joint Ath- ern technology and the media to explore and might ramble. Yet, I felt that this was her day, evoke the ancient city. ens-Jerusalem, Solow Summer Research, and, in any case, she was insistent on speak- and three Wiener Laboratory Fellow- But it wasn’t only about Alexandria that ing about the importance of keeping one’s Dorothy taught us. She showed us the re- ships: the J. Lawrence Angel Fellowship eyes open. I must confess that I was not en- in Human Skeletal Studies, Research Fel- wards of following the less trodden scholarly thusiastic about her choice of a talk for an path; that tremendous insights into the an- lowship in Faunal Studies, and Research honorary degree recipient, but on the other Fellowship in Geoarchaeology. cient world and mind could be garnered hand it was her day and in my view she could from the dustier corners of scholarship; that For full application details and dead- talk about whatever she wished. line information, visit our website at a career in Classical Archaeology did not On the day of the opening of the exhibi- have to mean only the study of the great www.ascsa.edu.gr or contact the ASCSA monuments of the Classical and Archaic continued on page 19 U.S. Office, at (609) 683-0800.

17 In Memoriam low-up in 1996, investigating regional schools of sculpture in the Hellenistic period. That was Willy’s swan song so far as con- W.D.E. COULSON ferences are concerned. In between, he got (1942–2001) me involved in two other conferences, both accompanied by exhibitions. The first was The School and the archaeological community held later in 1992, celebrating the birth of joined in mourning the loss of William D.E. Athenian democracy, and our co-editors Coulson, Director of the School from 1987 to were Leslie Shear, Alan Shapiro, and Frank 1997, who died on June 24, 2001. At a memo- Frost. The other took place in 1994 and rial organized by the School on September 17, turned out to be a substitute for the regular 2001, which would have been Willy Coulson’s international symposium on ancient Greek 59th birthday, friend and colleague Olga Palagia and related pottery, and attracted a star cast, (Athens University) offered a touching remem- as well as a cast of thousands, not previously brance, an abridged version of which appears seen in Athens. John Oakley bore the chief here. scholarly brunt of that one, and our long- distance collaboration proved particularly These few words are offered on the part of happy. If Willy had stayed on as director Willy’s Greek friends and associates. I have beyond his two terms, we had pledged to do known Willy for about 20 years, before he a conference on ancient Macedonia. But fate took over the directorship of the American had decreed otherwise. By an odd twist of School, and collaborated with him on four con- fate, he moved to Macedonia, permanently, ferences held at the School from 1992 to 1996. as it turned out. We worked very well together, and we had Willy was the heart and soul of the “fun” fun doing it. Willy had the will and the way, Photo: Margaret S. Mook part of all our ventures. He was first and fore- and I took care of the academic side of things. Former School Director William D.E. most interested in people rather than things. He was easy to work with, he was easy-go- Coulson making architectural notes at He was ever willing to take time off to listen ing, and he enjoyed the good things in life. Vronda, 1985. to one’s problems, to sympathize and offer Willy was always reaching out. He came encouragement over a bottle of beer or a glass to work in Greece with an open-door agenda. which Greek scholars were encouraged to of raki. He used to complain that I dropped He considered himself part American, part present their papers in their own language. by his office too often, generating more work European. His father was English, his mother Contributions by Greek scholars in Greek for him. What he did not know was that I drew American. She came from a historic family, thus appeared in proceedings printed in strength and support from his being there. being a direct descendant of a nineteenth- other European countries, a new departure If death is a form of betrayal, then Willy century U.S. President from Virginia. Willy in the history of Greek archaeology. Kyrieleis has betrayed us all. He died too soon. He was born in Britain and only moved to the had shown the way with only one confer- made me break my promise to him, to wait States in his teens. Returning to work in ence, published in 1986, but Willy took it for a decent interval after his retirement and Europe was like a homecoming to him, and up systematically. It is no accident that his then move for an honorary degree from Ath- he loved Greece. A generous man, he be- first venture, a year after he assumed the di- ens University. He fully deserved this and lieved in international collaboration in our rectorship, was a collaboration with Helmut other honors for his services to this country. field, most of all in close relations with the Kyrieleis on the Olympic Games. The sec- Being unpredictable to the end, he surprised host country. It is this vision that lies at the ond international conference to be held at the us all by his absence, which became perma- core of his life’s work. I believe one of his School in the same vein was a joint venture nent when we had least expected it. He had crowning achievements was the almost an- with the British School, based on the corre- always wanted to be buried in Greece. On nual organization of an international confer- spondence of Carl Blegen and Alan Wace. It the occasion of the Laconian conference we ence at the American School. The School was accompanied by an exhibition in the visited the Protestant cemetery in Athens became the focus of international scholarly Gennadius Library, which set the pattern for along with Jerry Pollitt and Susan Matheson, debate on a wide range of topics—it was sud- several conferences to come. looking for Furtwängler’s grave. Willy was denly on the map, reaching beyond the ra- In 1991 Willy proposed that we work to- struck by the number of graves of foreign dius of excavation and research that it had gether combining two subjects dear to us school directors and jokingly said that per- become known for. both: sculpture and Laconia. Even though haps he ought to be looking for a place him- Willy’s talents for bringing people to- his scholarship had taken another direction, self. He has gained much more than that: a gether and his flair in entertaining served he remained true to his first love, sculpture, permanent place in the hearts of all his Greek him well. Always a gracious host who en- and wanted to promote sculptural studies in colleagues and friends and a lasting tribute joyed parties even more than his guests did, Greece. Laconia was one of his favorite spots. in the many volumes of conference proceed- he generated a congenial atmosphere for Every year he looked forward to leading the ings, undertaken under his auspices or with sharing information and knowledge. The de- School trip to the deep Peloponnese. The his direct collaboration, and always with the votion of his staff ensured that everything ran Laconian conference of 1992, which came participation of the Greek archaeological smoothly. He took a leaf out of the book of to include Arcadia as well, proved a very community. In the end he became one of us, Helmut Kyrieleis, who had pioneered the fruitful exploration of the regional charac- too, though he labored towards a world where organization of international colloquia, in teristics of Greek sculpture. There was a fol- “us” and “them” held no meaning at all. e

18 Most recently, Ms. Vermeule was a mem- successful, who lived for over a century, and The September 17 service in memory of ber of the School’s Managing Committee, above all, who happened to be my mother!! William D.E. Coulson included a reading representing Harvard University since 1970. Due to the noble efforts of Lore and Mar- by Thomas Brogan, Director of the She had previously represented Wellesley tin Ostwald and Bryn Mawr Professor Mabel INSTAP East Crete Study Center. Mr. Bro- College (1965–1970) and Boston University Lang, who are transcribing Mother’s diaries, gan read the following traditional Cretan (1962–1965) during her tenures there. I can tell about her early years in her own “Mantinades,” composed by some of Willy words. Coulson’s Cretan friends. From the diaries, I have learned a great MICHAEL L. KATZEV deal about my mother, particularly the fact MANTINADES PROS TIMH (1939–2001) that beneath her sometimes prickly and as- TOU BASILH COULSON sertive exterior, there lurked an opposite The archaeological community mourns the persona. She endured an early life filled with 1. Pãnv stou Kãstrou thn korfÆ loss of Michael Lazare Katzev, classical ar- self-doubt and self-recrimination and a later Gia s°na °xei me¤nei chaeologist and excavator of the “Kyrenia life ofttimes painful with little outward com- ÄEna potÆri me rakÆ Ship,” who died September 8, 2001, of a plaint. During her lifetime, the diaries be- NerÒ sÉ °na lagÆni sudden stroke, at his home in Southport, came her closest confidante. In much later Maine. He will be remembered in the Sum- years, she refers to them as perhaps her most 2. TÉ afÆsane oi f¤loi sou mer issue of the Newsletter. important legacy. An tÊxei kai perãseiw During her Bryn Mawr years, Dorothy Na breiw Bas¤lh mia rakÆ developed many talents — mathematics, NerÒ na jedicãseiw writing, and science, but she had difficulty Dorothy Burr Thompson selecting what we would call today a career continued from page 17 3. Gia s°na pou den e¤sai dv path. However, archaeology is suggested by her family and others: “Today . . . Mother ApÒce na se doÊme tion and the honorary degree ceremony, I Oi f¤loi sou mazeÊthkan talked a little bit about archaeology as a pos- picked up Dorothy at her office and brought sible career—that eternal question! . . . Archae- ÄExoun pollã na poÊne her to the museum. She had a small, ology is tempting; the more I think of it the more crumpled piece of paper tucked into her it appeals—the subject, the travel, the people, 4. ÄEfugew, den prolãbame sleeve that she informed me was her talk for the literary and photographic possibilities—I Bas¤lh na sou poÊme the degree ceremony. Again, I confess that I wonder—I wonder!” Gia to °rgo pou maw ãfhsew did not have a good feeling about it, but, [After earning a B.A. in 1923 and a doc- ÄOti sÉ euxaristoÊme nevertheless, it was her day, and she could torate in 1931, both from Bryn Mawr,] she play it out any way that she wished. When, became the first female appointed to the staff 5. Ellãda kai AmerikÆ after receiving her degree and academic of the Agora Excavations of the American F¤loi diko¤ penyoÊne hood, she stood at the podium prepared to School of Classical Studies at Athens. In Sep- Ta mãtia maw dakrÊzoune speak, I was particularly apprehensive as she tember 1931, in Athens, while on the staff ÄOtan se yumhyoÊme drew out from her sleeve that small, of the American School, she notes in her di- crumpled piece of paper. But then she ary: “The students I have met are: Gladys 6. ÄOla ta sbÆnei o yãnatow paused. “No,” she seemed to say to herself, Ballantyne, an energetic middle Westerner, PloÊth kai megale¤a and stuffed it back into her sleeve. And, at Canadian Homer Thompson, Irish sounding, Kai m°noune ayãnatoi that point, in her 90th year, her delight in with a curious voice, Bradeen who had typhoid Greek terracotta figurines again took flight, Oi ãnyrvpoi pou Éxoun aj¤a. in the Summer School, Wallace, nice looking, as it has always done, as she began to speak John and Jane Doe, mediocre.” Two years later, with an elegant clarity and a subtle charm Homer proposes in a reserved Canadian sort about a terracotta statuette in the exhibition of way, saying he has been offered a position of a Nike that had attracted her attention EMILY VERMEULE in Toronto, Canada and would she like to (1928–2001) some 40 years before when it was displayed come along. It was such a polite, reserved in a shop window, while she stressed the proposal that she thought he wanted her to importance of the coroplast’s art in further- Emily Dickinson Townsend Vermeule, phi- go to Canada with him as an assistant— ing an understanding of the ancient Greek never suspecting marriage! lologist, archaeologist, and internationally world that she herself had so loved. renowned authority on the Bronze Age of In spite of what she once labeled “uncongeniality,” or because of it, the mar- Greece, died on February 6, 2001 at her —Jaimee Uhlenbrock home in Cambridge, Massachusetts. riage lasted 67 years until he, six years her junior, died in May of 2000, exactly one year Ms. Vermeule, who held a Ph.D. from


Bryn Mawr College and was one of Bryn and three days before her death. Mawr’s leaders in the fields of classical and You can imagine how difficult it has been to Near Eastern archaeology, was professor write a speech about someone who was as — Pamela Sinkler-Todd emerita at Harvard University. She was colorful an individual as Dorothy Burr a Member of the School in 1950–51 and Thompson, who was so demanding, yet so 1964–65.

19 School alumni/ae are making Jenifer Neils (Case Western Reserve Univer- Managing Committee member Curtis Run-

their presence felt at The Col- sity), Managing Committee member and nels (Boston University) has a new book, co- lege of William and Mary’s member of the Committee on Publications, authored by Priscilla Murray, titled Greece Classics Department. Barbette published The Parthenon Frieze with Cam- Before History: An Archaeological Companion Stanley Spaeth and Bill bridge University Press (2001). The book is and Guide (Stanford University Press, 2001). Hutton (both ASCSA 1986– accompanied by a CD-ROM containing a


87) recently joined the Depart- virtual reality movie of the entire frieze, de- Ann Steiner (ASCSA SS 1974, Regular Mem- ment faculty, which already in- veloped by Rachel Rosenzweig of the Cleve- ber 1978–79, Summer Session Director cludes Managing Committee land Museum of Art (ASCSA 1996–97). 1998), Executive Committee member, has member John Oakley (ASCSA


accepted a three-year position as Associate

1976–77, 1978–79) and Linda As a Whitehead Professor in 1998–99, Man- Dean of the Faculty at Franklin and Marshall Reilly (ASCSA 1966–67). aging Committee member James Allan College beginning in July 2002.


Evans (University of British Columbia) be-


In addition to his duties as gan writing a book on the Empress Theo- School and Gennadius Library Trustee and Chair of the Managing Com- dora, wife of Justinian. His completed work, Managing Committee member Alan

News & Notes mittee, Stephen Tracy co-or- The Empress Theodora, Partner of Justinian, Boegehold (Brown University) has been ap- ganized and participated in a is forthcoming this spring from the Univer- pointed Distinguished Visiting Professor at May 2001 conference on “The Macedonian sity of Texas Press. His article View from a Amherst College. Presence in Attica 323 to 229 B.C.,” held at Turkish Monastery: An Overview of the Byz-


the University of Athens, and in a Septem- antine World, based partly on research done ber 2001 symposium on the Hellenistic while he was a Whitehead Professor, will Managing Committee member William M. Gymnasium at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe appear in “Athena Review,” vol. 3, no. 1, 2002. Murray was elected Chair of the Department University in Frankfurt. His short article, “A


of History at the University of South Florida New Fragment of IG II2 1750,” was pub- (Tampa) for a three-year term, commencing Michael Cosmopoulos, Managing Commit- lished in the latest Hesperia. August 2001. He also serves as Executive tee member and member of the Gennadius


Director of USF’s Interdisciplinary Center for Library Committee, has accepted the Hel- Hellenic Studies. Corinthian Conventionalizing Pottery (Cor- lenic Government-Karakas Foundation


inth VII,v), by Managing Committee mem- Chair in Greek Studies at the University of ber Martha Risser (Trinity College), was Missouri–St. Louis, effective Fall 2001. Managing Committee member George Bass published by the School in November.


(Texas A&M University) has just completed for the University’s Institute of Nautical Ar-


Managing Committee member George W.M. chaeology an underwater survey off the Harrison (Xavier University) recently pre- Managing Committee member Kevin Turkish coast with INA’s new two-person sented a paper on the cult of Asklepios in Glowacki (Indiana University) was recently submersible “Carolyn.” His survey includes Crete during the Roman Empire. He has also elected to the prestigious Faculty Collo- video coverage of wrecks of the sixth, fifth, signed a contract to produce a translation of quium on Excellence in Teaching (FACET), fourth, third, and first centuries B.C., as well Euripides’ Cyclops for the modern stage and a network of distinguished teachers who as later Roman and Byzantine wrecks. The has organized a conference on the satyr play promote excellence across the university’s single most impressive find was an intact red- to occur in tandem with the play. eight campuses. figure bell krater from a wreck whose am-





phoras suggest a fifth century B.C. date.

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