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IS PARLIAMENT OPEN to WOMEN? 5 Chemin Du Pommier Brings Together the Representatives of Parlia- Case Postale 330 an APPRAISAL Ments of Sovereign States REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS No 62 IS PARLIAMENT OPEN TO WOMEN? AN APPRAISAL AN OPEN WOMEN? TO IS PARLIAMENT Created in 1889, the Inter-Parliamentary Union Headquarters: Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) is the international organization that IS PARLIAMENT OPEN TO WOMEN? 5 chemin du Pommier brings together the representatives of parlia- Case postale 330 AN APPRAISAL ments of sovereign States. The IPU is the focal CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex / Geneva Switzerland point for world-wide parliamentary dialogue Conference for Chairpersons and Members of and works for peace and cooperation among Telephone: +41 22 919 41 50 Fax: +41 22 919 41 60 Parliamentary Bodies Dealing with Gender Equality peoples with a view to strengthening repre- E-mail: [email protected] sentative institutions. http://www.ipu.org Office of the Permanent Observer 28–29 September 2009 of the IPU to the United Nations: Geneva Inter-Parliamentary Union 220 East 42nd Street – Suite 3002 New York, N.Y. 10017 United States of America Telephone: +1 212 557 58 80 Fax: +1 212 557 39 54 E-mail: [email protected] Inter-Parliamentary Union Inter-Parliamentary Union REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS No 62 IS PARLIAMENT OPEN TO WOMEN? AN APPRAISAL AN OPEN WOMEN? TO IS PARLIAMENT Created in 1889, the Inter-Parliamentary Union Headquarters: Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) is the international organization that IS PARLIAMENT OPEN TO WOMEN? 5 chemin du Pommier brings together the representatives of parlia- Case postale 330 AN APPRAISAL ments. The IPU is the focal point for world-wide CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex / Geneva Switzerland parliamentary dialogue and works for peace Conference for Chairpersons and Members of and cooperation among peoples with a view Telephone: +41 22 919 41 50 Fax: +41 22 919 41 60 Parliamentary Bodies Dealing with Gender Equality to strengthening representative institutions. E-mail: [email protected] http://www.ipu.org Office of the Permanent Observer 28–29 September 2009 of the IPU to the United Nations: Geneva Inter-Parliamentary Union 220 East 42nd Street – Suite 3002 New York, N.Y. 10017 United States of America Telephone: +1 212 557 58 80 Fax: +1 212 557 39 54 E-mail: [email protected] Inter-Parliamentary Union Inter-Parliamentary Union IS PARLIAMENT OPEN TO WOMEN? AN APPRAISAL Conference for Chairpersons and Members of Parliamentary Bodies Dealing with Gender Equality 28–29 September 2009 Geneva Inter-Parliamentary Union © Inter-Parliamentary Union 2010 Inter-Parliamentary Union 5 Chemin du Pommier ISBN 978-92-9142-439-9 (IPU) CH - 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex/Geneva Switzerland Produced with financial support from Irish Aid and the Canadian International Development Agency Telephone: +41 22 919 41 50 (CIDA). Fax: +41 22 919 41 60 E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may Web site: www.ipu.org be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, Design and layout: Rick Jones mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, Printed in France by Brailly without the prior permission of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Front cover images: © IPU Photo/Giancarlo Fortunato This publication is distributed on condition that it be neither lent nor otherwise distributed, including by commercial means, without the prior permission of the publishers, in any form other than the original and on condition that the next publisher meets the same requirements. Applications for the right to reproduce or translate this work or parts thereof are welcomed and should be sent to the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Member Parliaments and their parliamentary institutions may reproduce or translate this work without permission, but are requested to inform the Inter-Parliamentary Union. ii Is Parliament Open to Women? An Appraisal Foreword Ever since the first United Nations World Conference capacity to promote gender equality, the IPU holds on Women, held in Mexico City thirty five years annual seminars for members of parliamentary bod- ago, the international community has been striving ies that deal with gender equality matters. The 2009 for the elimination of discrimination against women conference, Is Parliament Open to Women? An Appraisal, and for women’s economic and political empower- held in Geneva from 28–29 September, brought to- ment. In 1995, at the Fourth World Conference on gether around 80 parliamentarians from 38 countries. Women, the Beijing Plan of Action called on States The conference appraised progress made in terms to increase women’s participation in decision making of women’s parliamentary participation across the and leadership and to ensure women’s full partici- world since the Beijing Conference. The objective of pation in political life. In 2000, the United Nations, the meeting was to answer the question: is parliament recognizing the central role of women in develop- open to women? As the readers of this report will ment, included the empowerment of women as one discover, the answers to this ostensibly simple ques- of the Millennium Development Goals. tion are multifaceted and diverse. The world conferences on women have provided The IPU wishes to thank both the experts for their political visibility to women’s rights worldwide, yet presentations and the participants for their enthusi- there has not been a commensurate increase in the astic interventions. The Seminar would not have representation of women in parliaments. In 1995 women been possible without the generous support of Irish accounted for 15.9 percent of parliamentarians world- Aid and the Canadian International Development wide; by 2009 they accounted for 18.5 percent, hardly Agency (CIDA). a mark of great progress. We hope that this report will serve as an inspiration The year 2010 represents a milestone since it is 15 to members of parliament in their efforts to integrate years since the commitments and pledges were made gender equality into every aspect of parliamentary life. in Beijing. Given that women’s access to and influ- ence in parliament has been so frustratingly slow, can we really be satisfied with the progress achieved? The Inter-Parliamentary Union adheres to the prin- ciple that democracy requires the inclusion of both men and women in decision making. It therefore works to promote a gender partnership by facilitating Anders B. Johnsson women’s involvement in parliament and political Secretary General life. As part of its efforts to strengthen parliament’s Inter-Parliamentary Union Foreword iii iv Is Parliament Open to Women? An Appraisal Contents Summary of the Conference .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Opening Remarks Mr. Anders B. Johnsson, Secretary General of the IPU .................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Challenges and Obstacles to Parliament: Current Trends Overview and Debate ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Presentations Women in Politics 15 Years after Beijing: Progress and Setbacks Ms. Kareen Jabre, Manager, Gender Partnership Programme, IPU .............................................................................................. 11 The Challenges Faced by Women Running for Election Ms. Linah J. Kilimo, Member of Parliament and Assistant Minister for Cooperative Development and Marketing, Republic of Kenya ................................................................................................ 14 The Road to Parliament: A Memoir Ms. Kay Hull, Member of Parliament, Australia ................................................................................................................................................ 16 2. Overcoming Barriers: Electoral Gender Quotas Overview and Debate .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Presentations Is Parliament Open to Women? Quotas in Global Perspective Dr. Drude Dahlerup, Professor of Political Science, Stockholm University, Sweden ............................................... 22 Women and Quotas in Uruguay Ms. Daniela Payssé, Member of the House of Representatives, Uruguay .............................................................................. 26 3. Overcoming Barriers: Other Special Measures and Strategies Overview and Debate ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Presentations Campaign Finance for Women: Challenges, Incentives and Recommendations Dr. Marcela Tovar Restrepo, Director of the Latin American Studies Program, Queens College, City University of New York ..................................................................................................... 38 Contents v Is Parliament Open to Women? Supporting Women’s Political Participation Ms. Colleen Lowe Morna, Executive Director, Gender Links ...........................................................................................................
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