Kuwait: Democratization in Process
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By Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
FROM DIWAN TO PALACE: JORDANIAN TRIBAL POLITICS AND ELECTIONS by LAURA C. WEIR Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Adviser: Dr. Pete Moore Department of Political Science CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2013 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Laura Weir candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree *. Pete Moore, Ph.D (chair of the committee) Vincent E. McHale, Ph.D. Kelly McMann, Ph.D. Neda Zawahri, Ph.D. (date) October 19, 2012 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables v List of Maps and Illustrations viii List of Abbreviations x CHAPTERS 1. RESEARCH PUZZLE AND QUESTIONS Introduction 1 Literature Review 6 Tribal Politics and Elections 11 Case Study 21 Potential Challenges of the Study 30 Conclusion 35 2. THE HISTORY OF THE JORDANIAN ―STATE IN SOCIETY‖ Introduction 38 The First Wave: Early Development, pre-1921 40 The Second Wave: The Arab Revolt and the British, 1921-1946 46 The Third Wave: Ideological and Regional Threats, 1946-1967 56 The Fourth Wave: The 1967 War and Black September, 1967-1970 61 Conclusion 66 3. SCARCE RESOURCES: THE STATE, TRIBAL POLITICS, AND OPPOSITION GROUPS Introduction 68 How Tribal Politics Work 71 State Institutions 81 iii Good Governance Challenges 92 Guests in Our Country: The Palestinian Jordanians 101 4. THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES: FAILURE OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND THE RISE OF TRIBAL POLITICS Introduction 118 Political Threats and Opportunities, 1921-1970 125 The Political Significance of Black September 139 Tribes and Parties, 1989-2007 141 The Muslim Brotherhood 146 Conclusion 152 5. -
Thanks & Gratitude To
Thanks & Gratitude To H H The Amir Sheikh Sabah Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah H H The Crown Prince Sheikh Nawaf Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al sabah His Excellency The Speaker of National Assembly Mr. Jassim Al Kharafi H H The Prime Minister Sheikh Naser Mohammad Al Ahmad Al sabah Their Excellencies the successive ministers of Social Affairs Their Excellencies Chairman & members of Parliament Committee for special needs affairs Members of the Parliament All non profit organizations & centers working with disabled All mass media channels , newspapers & radio All our special disabled & their respective guardians Chairman & members of the Kuwaiti Society for the Guardians of Disabled. LAW NUMBER 8 OF 2010 FOR THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES -After perusal of the constitution, -And the Penal Code Law promulgated by Law no. 16 of 1960 and the laws amending it , -And the Law no. 17 of 1960 promulgating the Law of Criminal Procedure and the procedures and the laws amending it, -And the Law no. 22 of 1960 organizing the Traffic court and the laws amending it, -And the Law no. 24 of 1962 with regard to clubs and associations of public benefit and the laws amending it, -And the Law no. 38 of 1964 with regard to employment in the private sector and the laws amending it, -And the Law no. 28 of 1969 with regard to employment in the oil sector, -And the Emiri Order on the Law no. 61 of 1976 for issuing the Law of Social Insurance and the law amending it, -And the Decree of the Law no. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title To Rig the Rules or To Break the Rules: The Politics of Electoral Manipulation in Autocracies Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98v1w6d0 Author Noh, Yuree Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles To Rig the Rules or To Break the Rules: The Politics of Electoral Manipulation in Autocracies A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Yuree Noh 2018 c Copyright by Yuree Noh 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION To Rig the Rules or To Break the Rules: The Politics of Electoral Manipulation in Autocracies by Yuree Noh Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Barbara Geddes, Chair Why do some authoritarian leaders use extensive fraud to control election results whereas others do not? In my dissertation, I identify the conditions under which dictators choose to resort to fraud or not. I argue the importance of social cohesion and citizen networks that facilitate the spread of information regarding rigged elections among citizens. Informed citizens are more likely to solve collective action porblems and mobilize themselves against against the regime. Incumbent elites fear triggering the kinds of popular uprisings that sometimes overthrow dictatorships. Consequently, they avoid using outright fraud in places where citizens are densely enmeshed in civil society associations. I test my argument using cross-national and subnational empirical evidence in addition to case studies of Algeria and Kuwait. -
IR Brief Sunday, 08.09.2019 Higher Crude Oil Prices to Boost Positive Sentiment
Weekly IR Brief Sunday, 08.09.2019 Higher crude oil prices to boost positive sentiment 2H 2019 EVENTS CALENDAR DATE The week ahead EFG Investor Conference, LON 9-12 SEP Regional markets Arqaam Investor Conference, DXB 23-24 SEP Crude oil price strengthened last week, accompanying a rally in global equities and JPM EM Credit Conference, LON 24-26 SEP supported by positive news flows worldwide. This is likely to lift the sentiment of regional investors. Meanwhile, Dubai-listed real estate players could witness increased activity after MEIRA Conference, DXB 25 SEP the emirate established a real estate planning commission to regulate project supply and Future Investment Initiative, RUH 29-31 OCT avoid competition between private sector developers and quasi-government firms. GS CEEMEA Conference, LON 11-12 NOV Global markets UBS GEMs Conference, NYC 3-5 DEC Investors’ attention will be on the ECB’s interest rate decision this week, where they expect a rate cut and more details on an economic stimulus plan. In the last meeting, the ECB had IN CASE YOU MISSED IT . kept its interest rates unchanged, but its President had hinted at a QE program to support Most regional markets closed up last week. the slowing economy. Further, political developments in the UK over its protracted Brexit Dubai (+4.8%) climbed partly aided by Emirates decision will also help set the course for European markets. Investors are also likely to react to the US retail sales and consumer inflation data which will be helpful in assessing the NBD, which rose after increasing its foreign strength of the economy. -
Changing a System from Within: Applying the Theory
CHANGING A SYSTEM FROM WITHIN: APPLYING THE THEORY OF COMMUNICATIVE ACTION FOR FUNDAMENTAL POLICY CHANGES IN KUWAIT A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Nasser Almujaibel May 10, 2018 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Nancy Morris, Advisory Chair, MSP / Media and Communication Dr. Brian Creech, Journalism. Media & Communication Dr. Wazhmah Osman, MSP/ Media & Communication Dr. Sean L. Yom, External Member, Political Science ABSTRACT Political legitimacy is a fundamental problem in the modern state. According to Habermas (1973), current legitimation methods are losing the sufficiency needed to support political systems and decisions. In response, Habermas (1987) developed the theory of communicative action as a new method for establishing political legitimacy. The current study applies the communicative action theory to Kuwait’s current political transformation. This study addresses the nature of the foundation of Kuwait, the regional situation, the internal political context, and the current economic challenges. The specific political transformation examined in this study is a national development project known as Vision of 2035 supported by the Amir as the head of the state. The project aims to develop a third of Kuwait’s land and five islands as special economic zones (SEZ). The project requires new legislation that would fundamentally change the political and economic identity of the country. The study applies the communicative action theory in order to achieve a mutual understanding between different groups in Kuwait regarding the project’s features and the legislation required to achieve them. ii DEDICATION ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻮم ... اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪه iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my parents, my wife Aminah, and my children Lulwa, Bader, and Zaina: Your smiles made this journey easier every day. -
Kings for All Seasons
BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER ANALYSIS PAPER Number 8, September 2013 KINGS FOR ALL SEASONS: HOW THE MIDDLE EAST’S MONARCHIES SURVIVED THE ARAB SPRING F. GREGORY GAUSE, III B ROOKINGS The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publica- tion are solely those of its author(s) and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its scholars. Copyright © 2013 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER Saha 43, Building 63, West Bay, Doha, Qatar www.brookings.edu/about/centers/doha T A B LE OF C ON T EN T S I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................1 II. Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 III. “Just Wait, They Will Fall” .............................................................................................5 IV. The Strange Case of Monarchical Stability .....................................................................8 Cultural Legitimacy ...................................................................................................8 Functional Superiority: Performance and Reform ..................................................12 -
Sport Development in Kuwait: Perception of Stakeholders On
SPORT DEVELOPMENT IN KUWAIT: PERCEPTION OF STAKEHOLDERS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE AND DELIVERY OF SPORT DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School at The Ohio State University By Badi Aldousari, M.A. * * * * * 2004 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Packianathan Chelladurai, Advisor Dr. Donna Pastore __________________________ Advisor Dr. Janet Fink College of Education ABSTRACT The current study analyzed the perceptions of 402 stakeholders of Kuwaiti sport regarding the importance of three domains of sport (i.e., mass sport, elite sport, and commercial sport), and the relative emphases to be placed on each of these domains. The respondents were also asked to indicate the organizational forms (public, nonprofit, profit, public-nonprofit combine, and public-profit combine) best suited to deliver related sport services in the country. The stakeholder groups were administrators of federations (n = 57), administrators of clubs (n = 80), administrators of youth centers (n = 50), coaches of clubs (n = 78), coaches of youth centers (n = 57), and elite athletes (n = 70). The gender distribution of the respondents was 355 males and 47 females. They ranged in age from 19 years to 70 years for a mean of 39 years. The statistical procedures included exploratory principal component analysis, computation of Cronbach’s alpha, multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) followed by univariate analyses (ANOVA), and chi square analyses. The results provided support for the subscale structure of survey instrument modified from Cuellar (2003). Further analyses indicated that the six groups were almost unanimous in considering elite sport as more critical than the other two domains of sport. -
Elections and Parliamentary Activity in the GCC States. Broadening Political Participation in the Gulf Monarchies Since the 1990S
Andrzej Kapiszewski ELECTIONS AND PARLIAMENTARY ACTIVITY IN THE GCC STATES. BROADENING POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE GULF MONARCHIES SINCE THE 1990s 2 0 0 5 European U niversity Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Sixth Mediterranean Social and Political Research Meeting Montecatini, 16-20 March 2005 Elections and Parliamentary Activity in the GCC States. Broadening Political Participation in the Gulf Monarchies since the 1990s Andrzej Kapiszewski Krakow, Poland © 2005 All rights reserved No part of this paper may be distributed, quoted or reproduced in any form without permission by the author. For authorised quotation(s) please acknowledge as follows: „Paper presented at the Sixth Mediterranean Social and Political Research Meeting of the Mediterranean Programme of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute, Montecatini Terme, March 2005”. Introduction There is an overwhelming agreement that a deficit of freedom undermines human development. As is also well known, there is a dramatic gap between the levels of democracy in Arab countries and the rest of the world1. In particular, none of the 16 Arab majority countries has a democratically elected government. At the same time, the combined GDP of all Arab countries is less than that of Spain, and labor productivity in these countries dropped between I960 and 1990, while it soared elsewhere in the world. Even Africa outperformed the Arab region in rates of economic growth, etc. Nevertheless, there is a group of Arab states in which the situation is quite different from the portrait painted above: the monarchies of the Gulf. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman, members of the so-called Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), are among the richest countries in the world. -
Kuwait's Moment of Truth
arab uprisings Kuwait’s Moment of Truth November 1, 2012 YASSER AL-ZAYYAT/AFP/GETTY IMAGES AL-ZAYYAT/AFP/GETTY YASSER POMEPS Briefings 15 Contents Kuwait’s balancing act . 5 Kuwait’s short 19th century . 7 Why reform in the Gulf monarchies is a family feud . 10 Kuwait: too much politics, or not enough? . 11 Ahistorical Kuwaiti sectarianism . 13 Kuwait’s impatient youth movement . 16 Jailed for tweeting in Kuwait . 18 Kuwait’s constitution showdown . 19 The identity politics of Kuwait’s election . 22 Political showdown in Kuwait . 25 The Project on Middle East Political Science The Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS) is a collaborative network which aims to increase the impact of political scientists specializing in the study of the Middle East in the public sphere and in the academic community . POMEPS, directed by Marc Lynch, is based at the Institute for Middle East Studies at the George Washington University and is supported by the Carnegie Corporation and the Social Science Research Council . It is a co-sponsor of the Middle East Channel (http://mideast .foreignpolicy .com) . For more information, see http://www .pomeps .org . Online Article Index Kuwait’s balancing act http://mideast .foreignpolicy .com/posts/2012/10/23/kuwait_s_balancing_act Kuwait’s short 19th century http://mideast .foreignpolicy .com/posts/2011/12/15/kuwaits_short_19th_century Why reform in the Gulf monarchies is a family feud http://mideast .foreignpolicy .com/posts/2011/03/04/why_reform_in_the_gulf_monarchies_is_a_family_feud Kuwait: too much -
Assessment of the Electoral Framework KUWAIT
,OGO 7?A5D35K *7BADF;@9 !@F7D@3F;A@3> Assessment of the Electoral Framework Final Report Kuwait November 2008 | 1 | © by Democracy Reporting International (DRI) and the Kuwait Transparency Society (KTS), Berlin/Kuwait, November 2008 All rights reserved. Distribution for all non-commercial purposes is encouraged provided DRI and KTS are acknowledged as the source and are sent copies of any translations. | 2 | Executive Summary Kuwait’s framework for parliamentary elections is largely in line with international standards, although a few shortcomings should be addressed. Even though Kuwait does not permit the formation of political parties, and women received the right to vote and to stand in elections only in 2005, the country has a long-standing history of pluralistic and genuine elections. Generally, there is confidence in the work of the electoral administration. However, the equality of the vote is not respected because the size of the electorate in the five electoral districts, each of which is represented by 10 MPs, varies significantly. After the May 2008 elections, the election authorities experienced significant difficulties with the counting and aggregation of the votes, resulting in controversy and court appeals. Certainly, there is scope to introduce measures to enhance transparency, improve the counting and aggregation of votes (e.g. by requiring a prompt and detailed publication of election results at all levels) and reforming procedures for adjudicating election related complaints and appeals. Currently, the elections are managed jointly by the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Justice and the judiciary. Representatives of the candidates also have a role in administering the election during polling. -
Walking the Tightrope: Kuwaiti-Iranian Relations in the Aftermath of the Abdali Affair Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates
www.ssoar.info Walking the Tightrope: Kuwaiti-Iranian Relations in the Aftermath of the Abdali Affair Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Ulrichsen, K. C. (2017). Walking the Tightrope: Kuwaiti-Iranian Relations in the Aftermath of the Abdali Affair. IndraStra Global, 8. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-53497-1 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. -
KUWAIT COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
KUWAIT COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 25 April 2012 KUWAIT 25 APRIL 2012 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN KUWAIT FROM 24 MARCH TO 25 APRIL 2012 Useful news sources for further information Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................... 1.05 2. ECONOMY .................................................................................................................. 2.01 Exchange rates, as at 10 April 2012 ..................................................................... 2.09 3. HISTORY ..................................................................................................................... 3.01 Death of the Amir: January 2006 .......................................................................... 3.03 Elections: May 2009 ............................................................................................... 3.04 Other developments: June 2009 – September 2011 ........................................... 3.06 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: OCTOBER 2011 – MARCH 2012 ........................................... 4.01 Political developments .......................................................................................... 4.01 Run-up to the 2012 parliamentary elections ........................................................ 4.01 2012 parliamentary