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437 Studi Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu Di Das JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2016) Vol. 4 (4) : 437 – 445 STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KUPU-KUPU DI DAS MENDALAM TAMAN NASIONAL BETUNG KERIHUN DANAU SENTARUM KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT Biodiversity of Butterfly in DAS MendalamRegion of Betung Kerihun Danau Sentarum National Park Kapuas Hulu Regency West Kalimantan Province Aris Rinanda, Farah Diba, Wahdina Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Tanjungpura Jalan Daya Nasional Pontianak 78124 E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT Betung Kerihun-Danau Sentarum National Park in Kapuas Hulu District has a highest biodiversity on plant, animal and insect. One of the interesting insect is butterfly. Butterfly has an important function for indicator of the health of environment. The purpose of research is to identify the butterfly in DAS Mendalam region in Betung Kerihun-Danau Sentarum National Park. The location of research was in Mentibat river and Pari river. Methodology of research used exploration method which combined with transects method. Area of research consists of aquatic and terrestrial. The length of transect was 1 Km with observation area 5 m both on left and right side. Exploration the biodiversity of butterfly was conducted in the morning from 06.00-09.00 wib and in the afternoon from 15.00-17.00 wib. Result of the research showed that 22 species of butterfly was found, consist of 4 families and total individual was 298 butterflies. The families consist of Lycanidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Pieridae. Mentibat River has a highest diversity of butterfly than Pari River. 16 species was found in Mentibat River, consist of Jamides pura, Charaxea affinia, Euplea rhadamanthus, Euripus nyctelius, Idea stolli, Polyura athatmas, Graphium arycles, Graphium doson, Graphium antiphates, Papilio memnon, Trogonoptera brookiana, Troides amphtysus, Appias lycinida, Eurema hecabe, Hebomia glaucipe, Ixias undatus. Total individual found was 200 butterflies. The value of Dominance Index was 0.10; Diversity Index was 1.09; Abundance Index was 180.55; Species Richness Index was 6.52 and Similarity Index was 0.42. Meanwhile in Pari River was found 14 species of butterflies consist of Jamides pura, Chersonesia rahria, Cupha erymanthis, Moduza procris, Polyura athatmas, Graphium sarpedon, Graphium antiphates, Papilio memnon, Appias lycinida, Eurema hecabe, Eurema sari, Hebomia glaucipe, Ixias undatus, and Pareronta valeria. The value of Dominance Index was 0.09; Diversity Index was 1.09; Abundance Index was 93.21; Species Richness Index was 6.53 and Similarity Index was 0.42 and the total individual found was 98 butterflies. The environment in Betung Kerihun-Danau Sentarum National Park was convenient to butterfly. The result of research givinginformation about the biodiversity of butterfly in Betung Kerihun-Danau Sentarum National Park for the conservation management in this area. Keywords: Betung Kerihun Danau Sentarum National Park, biodiversity, butterfly, Lycanidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae PENDAHULUAN Hulu, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat) dengan Taman Nasional Betung Kerihun Malaysia (Negara Bagian Sarawak). Danau Sentarum (TNBKDS) adalah Kawasan konservasi ini merupakan kawasan hutan tropis yang membentang penggabungan dari 2 (dua) taman pada 112o15’ – 114o10’ Bujur Timur dan nasional yang ada di Kalimantan Barat 0o0’ – 1o35’ Lintang Utara, disepanjang yaitu Taman Nasional Bentung Kerihun perbatasan Indonesia (Kabupaten Kapuas (TNBK) dan Taman Nasional Danau 437 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2016) Vol. 4 (4) : 437 – 445 Sentarum (TNDS), sesuai Surat fauna dalam hutan adalah kupu-kupu. Keputusan (SK) Menteri Lingkungan Keragaman jenis pohon menyebabkan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor semakin banyak kupu-kupu. Kekayaan P7/MENLHK/Setjen/OTL.0/1/2016 pada jenis kupu-kupu mempunyai arti penting tanggal 29 Januari 2016. dalam siklus hidup tumbuhan berbunga. Bentang wilayah Resort Betung Kupu-kupu merupakan serangga dari Kerihun (BK) umumnya berbukit dan Ordo Lepidoptera. Nama Lepidoptera bergunung dimana 20% dari kawasan ini berasal dari bahasa Yunani, lepos yang memiliki ketinggian di atas 700 mdpl. artinya sisik dan ptera yang artinya sayap Bukit dan gunung ini merupakan bagian (Pracaya,1991). Kupu-kupu memiliki dari komplek pegunungan Muller metamorfosis sempurna yang mengalami dengan titik tertinggi 1.790 mdpl, yaitu 4 (empat) fase perkembangan yaitu telur, puncak Gunung Kerihun yang terletak di larva, pupa dan dewasa (Carter, 1995). bagian Timur yang terhubung oleh Habitat kupu-kupu meliputi daerah berair gunung dan bukit Gunung Betung 1.150 atau kering, di hutan, perkotaan atau mdpl di bagian Barat kawasan. Secara didaerah terbuka dengan tumbuhan perdu hidrologi Resort BK dibagi 5 (lima) Sub dan belukar (Borror dkk, 1996). Kupu- DAS, yaitu (1) Sub DAS Embaloh di kupu membantu melestarikan keberadaan barat, (2) Sub DAS Sibau dan (3) Sub flora dengan cara penyerbukan. Kupu- DAS Mendalam di tengah, (4) Sub DAS kupu memiliki keindahan dengan warna- Kapuas/Koheng dan (5) Sub DAS warna dan pola sayap yang unik. Bungan di timur (Balai TNBK, 2013). Penelitian kupu-kupu di Resort BK Sub DAS Mendalam yang terletak di cukup tinggi akan tetapi pihak pengelola tengah kawasan Resort BK memiliki tidak memili data tentang keanekaan jenis topografi berbukit-bukit dan curam kupu-kupu oleh karena itu penelitian dengan riam yang cukup berbahaya. untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk kupu-kupu. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengungkapkan kekayaan flora dan untuk mengenai keanekaragaman kupu- fauna yang dimiliki oleh Resort BK. kupu di DAS Mendalam dalam kawasan Pemahaman tentang potensi sumber daya TNBKDS. sangat dibutuhkan sebagai dasar dalam pengolaan kawasan. Potensi fauna yang METODE PENELITIAN telah diketahui yaitu 54 jenis mamalia, Penelitian dilaksanakan di Taman Nasional Betung Kerihun Danau 301 jenis burung, 33 jenis reptil, 79 jenis Sentarum di Kawasan DAS Mendalam amfibi, 170 jenis serangga dan 257 jenis Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Provinsi ikan (Balai TNBK, 2013). Keberadaan fauna suatu kawasan Kalimantan Barat, selama ± 30 hari di dipengaruhi oleh jenis tumbuhan di lapangan pada bulan Mei 2016. dalamnya, baik itu untuk makanan, Pelaksanaan penelitian berdasarkan tempat bersarang, tempat bermain dan metode eksplorasi (Koesoemadinata, mencari pasangan yang pada akhirnya 2000) yang dikombinasikan dengan menentukan keragamannya. Salah satu metode transek (Soerianegara,1988). 438 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2016) Vol. 4 (4) : 437 – 445 Prosedur penelitian dengan membuat Kriteria menurut (Odum, 1971) : transek sejajar dengan sungai di tepi H’<1 = Keanekaragaman Rendah 1<H<3 = Keanekaragaman Sedang sungai (riperian) dan permukaan tanah H > 3 = Keanekaragaman Tinggi (terestrial) di lokasi penelitian, yaitu di Sungai Pari dan Sungai Mentibat. - Indeks Kelimpahan Jenis (e) Selanjutnya dibuat transekdi Sungai Kelimpahan jenis dipengaruhi oleh Mentibat dan Sungai Pari dengan jarak keanekaragaman jenis dan jumlah jenis pandang ke kanan dan ke kiri 5 m. untuk mengertahui indeks kelimpahan Pengamatan dilakukan dua kali dalam jenis digunakan rumus (Odum, 1971 ). 퐻 satu hari, yaitu pada pagi hari mulai pukul 푒 = 06.00 – 09.00 WIB dan sore hari pukul 퐿푛 푆 Dimana : 15.00 - 17.00 WIB. e = Kelimpahan jenis Pada tiap transek pengamatan 퐻 = Keanekagaman jenis dilakukan 2 kali pengulangan. Sampel S = Jumlah seluruh jenis Ln = Logaritma natural kupu-kupu yang ditemukan ditangkap Kriteria menurut (Odum, 1971): dengan jarring lalu diidentifikasi. e ≤ 0,4 = Kelimpahan rendah Parameter yang digunakan dalam analisis 0,4 < e < 0,6 = Kelimpahan sedang data meliputi e ≥ 0,6 = Kelimpahan tinggi - Indeks Dominansi Indeks Dominansi (C) digunakan - Indeks Kelimpahan Jenis (e) Indeks kekayaan jenis merupakan untuk menentukan tentang jenis dimana nilai rasio perbandingan antara jumlah suatu komunitas dan menetapkan jenis kesuluruhan terhadap jumlah jenis dominan jenis digunakan rumus Simpson yang dijumpai pada suatu tipe hutan ( Odum, 1971). (Odum, 1971). 푛푖 2 C= 푁 D = S – 1/log N Dimana : Dimana: C = Indeks dominasi D = kekayaan jenis ni = Jumlah individu suatu jenis S = Total jumlah jenis N = Jumlah individu seluruh jenis N = jumlah total individu Kriteria menurut (Odum,1971), C ≤ 0,5 = tidak terdapat spesies yang Kriteria menurut (Odum,1971): mendominansi > 4,0 = baik C ≥ 0,8 = terdapat spesies yang mendominansi 2,5 – 4,0 = sedang < 2,5 = buruk - Indeks Keanekaragaman Jenis (H) Keanekaragaman jenis dihitung - Indeks Kesamaan Jenis dengan rumus Shannon indeks of general Indeks kesamaan jenis merupakan Diversity (Odum, 1971 ). nilai yang menunjukan tingkat kesamaan 푛푖 푛푖 H = - log( ) jenis penyusunan populasi satwa tertentu 푁 푁 Dimana : yang diperoleh dengan membandingkan 2 H = Indeks keanekaragaman jenis komunitas tertentu, dapat diketahui ni = Jumlah individu setiap spesies menggunakan rumus (Magurran,1988). N = Banyak individu dalam populasi Cn = 2 jN/(aN+bN) 439 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2016) Vol. 4 (4) : 437 – 445 Dimana : Sungai Mentibat dan Sungai Pari Cn = Indeks kesamaan jenis Jn =Jumlah individu yang sama dan terendah diperoleh jumlah kupu-kupu sebanyak 22 pada dua lokasi yang dibandingkan jenis dari 4 famili dengan total jumlah aN = Jumlah jenis pada lokasi 1 individu sebanyak 298 kupu-kupu. bN = Jumlah jenis pada lokasi 2 Kupu-kupu yang ditemukan berasal dari Kriteria menurut (Magurran,1988): CN<50% = Kesamaan rendah famili Lycanidae, Nymphalidae, CN>50% = Kesamaan tinggi Papilionidae, dan Pieridae. Famili dan spesies kupu-kupu yang ditemukan pada HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN masing-masing
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